Method and system for peer-to-peer communication among sites

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

0001Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120, this continuation application claims priority from co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/937,963, entitled Method and System for Peer-to-Peer Communication Among Sites, naming Arindam Roy and Jeffery E. Benshetler as inventors, filed Nov. 9, 2007, which pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119 (e), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/950,870, entitled Method and System for Peer-to-Peer Communication Among Control Stations naming Jeffery E. Benshetler and Arindam Roy as inventors, filed Jul. 19, 2007, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/963,131 entitled APCO 07 Brochure for End-To-End Encryption and Peer-To-Peer Communication, naming Jeffery E. Benshetler and Arindam Roy as inventors, filed Aug. 2, 2007. The contents of these aforementioned United States patent applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for any and all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

0002The invention relates generally to communication systems. More specifically, but not by way of limitation, the invention relates to a method and system for peer-to-peer communication among sites such as, for example, those sites in a Land Mobile Radio (LMR) communication systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

0003LMR systems are deployed by organizations requiring instant communication between geographically dispersed and mobile personnel. Typical users of LMR systems include police departments, fire departments, medical personnel, EMS and the military.

0004Current LMR systems can be configured to provide for radio communications between a site and subscriber units in the field. A subscriber unit may be a mobile unit or a portable unit. LMR systems can be as simple as two subscriber units communicating between themselves and a site over preset channels, or they can be complex consisting of hundreds of subscriber units and multiple sites.

0005LMR systems may be configured to cover a large geographical area by providing hundred of sites. Communication among the sites is necessary in various situations. At present, sites generally cannot communicate directly with each other, but require the assistance of a bridge device to facilitate communication among the sites. As will be explained below, the requirement of a bridge device to facilitate communication among the sites has numerous disadvantages.

0006<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1-4</figref> illustrate communication among sites <b>104</b>, <b>108</b> and <b>112</b> via a bridge device <b>116</b>. The sites <b>104</b>, <b>108</b>, <b>112</b> and the bridge device <b>116</b> are interconnected by a data network (not shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1-4</figref>). The data network can be an IP network. However, the data network may also be any other type of network (e.g., packet switched network, ATM network).

0007Consider, for example, that the site <b>104</b> desires to exchange voice messages with the sites <b>108</b> and <b>112</b>. Prior to the exchange of any voice messages, the bridge device <b>116</b> must setup the call. Referring now to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, the site <b>104</b> first sends a request message to the bridge device <b>116</b> that it intends to communicate with the sites <b>108</b> and <b>112</b>. Next, the bridge device <b>116</b> forwards the request message to each of the sites <b>108</b> and <b>112</b> inquiring if they would like to participate in a call. Note that the bridge device <b>116</b> must forward the request message to each of the sites <b>108</b> and <b>112</b> separately since the bridge device <b>116</b> can only send one request message at a time. Next, the bridge device <b>116</b> receives response messages from the sites <b>108</b> and <b>112</b> confirming or acknowledging that they would participate in the call. Again, note that the bridge device <b>116</b> can only receive one response message at a time. The call setup concludes when the bridge <b>116</b> notifies the site <b>104</b> that the sites <b>108</b> and <b>112</b> are willing to participate in the call. As can be seen, the call setup involves at least six hops. Also the bridge introduces additional latency due to the increased hop count resulting in increased call setup time for every setup message that is processed by the bridge device <b>116</b>. Further, the bridge device <b>116</b> is a single point of failure because a failure of the bridge device <b>116</b> will shut down communication among the sites, thus making the system less reliable. The signals exchanged among the bridge device <b>116</b> and the sites <b>104</b>, <b>108</b> and <b>112</b> during the call setup are sometimes referred to as “control plane” signals.

0008After the call setup, communication among the sites <b>104</b>, <b>108</b> and <b>112</b> may proceed. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> illustrates the transmission of a voice message from the site <b>104</b> to the sites <b>108</b> and <b>112</b>. A voice message originating from the site <b>104</b> is first transmitted to the bridge device <b>116</b>. The bridge device then separately forwards the voice message to each of the sites <b>108</b> and <b>112</b>.

0009Consider that the site <b>108</b> desires to respond back to the site <b>104</b> and also communicate with the site <b>112</b>. Referring now to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>, the site <b>108</b> sends a request message to the bridge device <b>116</b> that it wants to communicate with the sites <b>104</b> and <b>112</b>. Next, the bridge device <b>116</b> forwards the request message to each of the sites <b>104</b> and <b>112</b> inquiring if they would like to participate in a call. Next, the bridge device <b>116</b> receives response messages from the sites <b>104</b> and <b>112</b> confirming or acknowledging that they would participate in the call. The call setup concludes when the bridge <b>116</b> notifies the site <b>108</b> that the sites <b>104</b> and <b>112</b> are willing to participate in the call. As can be seen, the call setup involves at least six hops.

0010After the call setup process described above, communication among the sites <b>104</b>, <b>108</b> and <b>112</b> may proceed. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> illustrates the transmission of voice messages from the site <b>108</b> to the site <b>104</b> and <b>112</b>. Again, the bridge device <b>116</b> first receives a voice message from the site <b>108</b>, which is forwarded to the sites <b>104</b> and <b>112</b>.

0011In the control plane, the bridge device <b>116</b> introduces undesired latency during the call setup due to increased hop count. In the bearer plane, voice messages must go through the bridge device <b>116</b>, introducing an extra hop and latency. Also, since all control plane and bearer plane traffic must go through the bridge device <b>116</b>, a single point of failure is created at the bridge device <b>116</b> for both call setup and voice communications. Furthermore, the bridge device <b>116</b> is typically heavily loaded as all control plane and bearer plane traffic must go through the bridge device <b>116</b>. This often results in a requirement that the bridge device <b>116</b> be high capacity and extremely robust, and, hence, very expensive.

0012Also since the bridge device forwards the voice messages to the other sites, the bridge device requires additional bandwidth for each additional site that it needs to forward voice messages. Moreover, the bridge device must be aware of all sites in a particular deployment. As a result, when a new site is deployed in a system, the bridge device needs to be notified about the site.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

0013A method and system for communication among a plurality of sites may be used in a land mobile radio (LMR) system or any other type of communication system. The plurality of sites are interconnected by a data network such as an IP network.

0014The method includes transmitting by the sites their respective identity information. The identity information includes a list of one or more sites from which each site will accept messages. The method further includes receiving at the sites the transmitted identity information. Each site becomes a member of a talk group comprising a plurality of sites that accept messages from each other. The method further includes transmitting a call request message by an initiating site that intends to communicate with one or more sites in the system. The call request message is being multicast over the data network as call request packets. The method further includes receiving, by the initiating site, an acknowledgement message from the other sites confirming their willingness to communicate with the initiating site. The acknowledgement message is unicast over the data network as acknowledgement packets. The method further includes transmitting, by the initiating site, a voice message. The voice message is multicast over the data network as voice packets. The method further includes receiving the multicast voice packets at the other sites.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0015For a more complete understanding of the features, example embodiments and possible advantages of the present invention, reference is now made to the detailed description of the invention along with the accompanying figures and in which:

0016<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1-4</figref> illustrate a conventional call setup and communication involving three sites and a bridge device.

0017<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 5 and 7</figref> illustrate a call setup in a Land Mobile Radio system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

0018<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 6 and 8</figref> illustrate transmission and reception of voice messages among sites in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

0019<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> illustrates an LMR system <b>300</b> that includes sites <b>304</b>, <b>308</b> and <b>312</b> in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The LMR system <b>300</b> does not require a bridge device for call setup or for voice traffic. The sites <b>304</b>, <b>308</b> and <b>312</b> are interconnected by a data network such as an IP network <b>316</b>. In one embodiment, each site may interface with the IP network <b>316</b> by a standard IP gateway router (not expressly shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>).

0020When a particular site is deployed in the system (e.g., system <b>300</b>), it broadcasts a message periodically that is received by the other sites in the system. The broadcast message indicates the newly-deployed site's interest in a particular call or a set of calls. Additionally the newly-deployed site receives a similar message from other sites that informs the newly-deployed site about the interest of the other sites in a particular call or a set of calls. Consequently, all sites in the system become aware of all other sites and the talk group these sites are interested in. As will be appreciated, this dynamic auto discovery of newly-deployed sites allows deployment of sites without informing or configuring the existing sites.

0021Consider, for example, a scenario where the site <b>304</b> desires to initiate a call to the other sites in the LMR system <b>300</b>. In other words, the site <b>304</b> wants to send voice messages to the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b>. Prior to sending a voice message, the site <b>304</b> needs to send a request message via standard IP multicasting to each of the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b> and wait for an acknowledgement message from the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b>. The request message asks if the site <b>304</b> may communicate with the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b>, and the acknowledgement message confirms that the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b> are each willing to communicate with the site <b>304</b>, thus essentially forming a talk group comprising the sites <b>304</b>, <b>308</b> and <b>312</b>.

0022In one embodiment, the request message includes the identification of the requesting site and the requested target group. Thus, the request message from the site <b>304</b> includes its own identification as well as the identification of the group that the site <b>304</b> is interested in. In one embodiment, the acknowledgement message from the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b> include their own identifications and an indication of their willingness to participate in the call.

0023Referring back to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>, it will be appreciated that in contrast to existing LMR systems, the call setup is performed without the assistance of a bridge device. Since the embodiment illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> does not require a bridge device, the hop count for the call setup is significantly reduced. Also, call setup latency is decreased because call control is distributed among the sites, thus reducing a single choke point. Furthermore, removal of the bridge device removes a single point of failure since control and bearer plane traffic need no longer go through a bridge device.

0024After the call setup is completed, a site proceeds to send voice messages to the other sites. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> illustrates a voice message originating from the site <b>304</b> being transmitted to the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b>. As discussed before, the sites <b>304</b>, <b>308</b> and <b>312</b> are interconnected by the IP network <b>316</b>. In one embodiment, a voice message originating from the site <b>304</b> is first packaged in standards based Real-Time Transport (RTP) packets.

0025In one embodiment, the voice message is sampled and encoded with a standard audio codec. The voice message samples are then packaged in RTP packets suitable for transport over the IP network <b>316</b>. The RTP packets are then sent across the network.

0026In one embodiment, a standard Internet feature known as multicasting is employed to simultaneously send the voice packets to the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b>. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, using multicasting, the same information can be sent simultaneously to many recipients using just one data stream. The multicast connection leverages the power of IP multicast to provide one-to-many, and by extension, a many-to-many communication mechanism. Thus, any site on the IP network <b>316</b> that is capable of listening or sending voice packets can participate in the talk group. The multicasting can be done by a standard IP gateway router on the IP network <b>316</b>. The voice packets are simultaneously received and processed by the sites <b>308</b> and <b>312</b>. Through the use of multicast, the bandwidth use for each site becomes uniform because the use of bandwidth by a particular site depends on the number of call the site is participating instead of the number sites in the system.

0027Once the site <b>304</b> completes transmitting the voice packets, the site <b>308</b> may desire to send voice packets to the sites <b>304</b> and <b>312</b>. As illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>, the site <b>308</b> sends a call request message to the sites <b>304</b> and <b>312</b>. Note that there is no need for a central controller or a bridge device, and the site initiating a call is responsible for the call setup. The sites <b>304</b> and <b>312</b> respond with call response message indicating that they are ready to receive the call. As illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, once the call is set up, the site <b>308</b> sends the voice packets through standard IP multicasting to the sites <b>304</b> and <b>312</b>. As can be appreciated, the site willing to initiate a call is responsible for setting up the call without the need for a central bridge device or a central controller. As a result, failure at one site limits the failure to that site only and does not affect the operation and performance of the remaining sites.

0028By way of examples, but not limitations, various aspects of the invention, such as peer-to-peer communication and dynamic discovery have been described above in connection with the sites. It will be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that the various aspects of the invention can be used in connection with radio frequency sub-systems (RFSS), transceivers, high level elements comprising a plurality of RFSS or other elements of a communication system. Also, by way of examples, but not limitations, various aspects of the invention have been described in connection with a land mobile radio system. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the various aspects of the invention can be used in connection with other types of communication systems (i.e., non-LMR-type communication system).

0029It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.