Increasing capacity in wireless communications

Increase the capacity of wireless communication

INCREASING CAPACITY IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

Related application

This patent application claims the priority of the following U.S. provisional applications: the U.S. provisional application filed on June 9, 2008 with the title "Apparatus and Methods for Increasing Capacity in Wireless Communications" and the application number 61/060,119; 2008; The U.S. Provisional Application with the title "Apparatus and Methods for Increasing Capacity in Wireless Communications" and the application number 61/060,408 filed on June 10, 2008; for Increasing Capacity in Wireless Communications", US provisional application with application number 61/061,546. Therefore, the entire contents of these provisional applications are incorporated into this application by reference.

This application is a partial continuation of a U.S. patent application filed on February 19, 2009, titled "Frame Termination", and application number 12/389,211. This U.S. patent application requires the use of the application filed on February 20, 2008 The priority of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/030,215, of which the above two applications have been assigned to the assignee of this application, so their entire contents are incorporated into this application by reference.

In summary, the present invention relates to digital communication, and in particular, the present invention relates to techniques for reducing transmission power and increasing the capacity of wireless digital communication systems.

Nowadays, wireless communication systems have been widely deployed to provide various types of communication, such as voice, packet data, and so on. These systems can be based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) or other multiple access technologies. For example, these systems can follow such as the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2, or "CDMA 2000"), Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP or "W-CDMA"), or Long Term Evolution ("LTE"). standard. In the design of these communication systems, people expect to maximize the capacity or the number of users that these systems can reliably support given the available resources. Several factors affect the capacity of wireless communication systems, some of which are described below.

For example, in a voice communication system, a voice synthesizer (vocoder) usually uses one of a variety of variable coding rates to encode voice transmission. The encoding rate can be selected based on, for example, the amount of voice activity detected during a certain time interval. For example, in the speech synthesizer of the CDMA 2000 wireless communication system, full rate (FR), half rate (HR), quarter rate (QR), or eighth rate (ER) frames can be used To send voice transmission, the full rate frame includes the largest number of traffic bits, and the one-eighth rate frame includes the smallest number of traffic bits. One-eighth rate frames are usually sent during silent periods, and usually correspond to the lowest rate transmission that can be achieved by a voice communication system.

Although the one-eighth rate frame represents a reduced rate transmission in the CDMA 2000 system, the one-eighth rate still contains a non-zero number of traffic bits. In certain time intervals, such as relatively long periods of time when there is no voice activity and background noise remains constant, even one-eighth rate frame transmission in the system unnecessarily consumes a significant level of transmit power. This will increase the level of interference caused to other users, thereby reducing the system capacity, which is undesirable.

It is desirable to provide a technique for further reducing the transmission rate of a voice communication system. The minimum rate frame transmission such as one-eighth rate frame transmission is given below.

In another aspect of wireless communication systems, the transmission between two units usually uses a certain degree of redundancy to prevent errors in the received signal. For example, in a forward link (FL) transmission from a base station (BS) to a mobile station (MS) in a CDMA 2000 wireless communication system, redundancy such as partial rate symbol coding and symbol repetition can be used. In the CDMA 2000 system, the coded symbols are classified into a plurality of sub-segments known as power control groups (PCG), and are transmitted in the air, in which a fixed number of PCGs define a frame.

Although the use of symbol redundancy techniques such as those used in CDMA 2000 can make it possible to accurately recover the transmitted signal in the presence of errors, these techniques also describe the additional consumption of the overall system transmit power when the signal reception conditions are good. , These also reduce the system capacity, which is also undesirable.

It is also desirable to provide efficient techniques for, for example, when it is determined that the receiver has accurately recovered information related to a frame, then the transmission of the frame is terminated, thereby saving transmission power and increasing system capacity. It is also desirable to provide improved power control schemes to accommodate these technologies.

One aspect of the present invention provides a method for processing information according to multiple rates. The method includes: receiving a current frame containing traffic information; determining whether the current frame belongs to a key frame type; if It is determined that the current frame belongs to a key frame type, then the traffic information is processed for transmission; if it is determined that the current frame does not belong to a key frame type, it is determined whether the current frame is guaranteed to be used For transmission; if it is determined that the current frame is not guaranteed to be used for transmission, then zero rate is processed for transmission, where the zero rate has a reduced information bit rate compared to the traffic information; The result is used for transmission.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for power control of transmission on a wireless channel, including: receiving a current frame, wherein the frame is formatted into a plurality of sub-segments; and processing all the frames according to a physical layer agreement. The received frame, the processing includes determining whether the received frame is correctly received; determining whether the received current frame is a zero-rate frame; if it is determined that the received current frame is a zero-rate frame, then Regardless of whether the received current frame is correctly received, the outer loop power control algorithm is not updated.

Another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for processing information according to multiple rates. The device includes a system blanking module for: receiving a current frame containing traffic information; determining whether the current frame belongs to a key frame type; if it is determined that the current frame belongs to a key frame type , The traffic information is processed for transmission; if it is determined that the current frame does not have a key frame type, then it is determined whether the current frame is guaranteed to be used for transmission; if it is determined that the current frame is not guaranteed to be used for transmission , The zero rate is processed for transmission, where the zero rate has a reduced information bit rate compared to the traffic information. The device also includes a transmitter for transmitting the processed result for transmission.

Another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for power control of transmission on a wireless channel. The apparatus includes: a receiver for receiving a current frame, wherein the frame is formatted into a plurality of sub-segments ; The processor is used to: process the received frame according to the physical layer protocol; determine whether the received frame is correctly received; determine whether the received current frame is a zero-rate frame; if the received frame is determined If the current frame is a zero-rate frame, no matter whether the received current frame is correctly received, the outer loop power control algorithm will not be updated.

Another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for processing information according to multiple rates. The apparatus includes: a system blanking module for processing a current frame containing traffic information for transmission; and a transmitter. , Used to transmit the result of the processing for transmission.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for the computer to process information at multiple rates, and the medium also stores instructions for the computer to perform the following operations: Determine whether the current frame belongs to a key frame type; if it is determined that the current frame belongs to a key frame type, then process the traffic information for transmission; if it is determined that the current frame belongs to a key frame type, If the current frame does not belong to a key frame type, then it is determined whether the current frame is guaranteed to be used for transmission; if it is determined that the current frame is not guaranteed to be used for transmission, then the zero rate is processed for transmission, which is different from all Compared with the traffic information, the zero rate has a reduced information bit rate.

The description set forth below with reference to the accompanying drawings is a description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, rather than indicating that the present invention can be implemented only in these embodiments. The term "exemplary" used throughout this specification means "serving as an example, illustration, or illustration," which should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other exemplary embodiments. The description includes specific details for providing a thorough understanding of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, it is obvious that for those skilled in the art, these embodiments of the present invention can be implemented without these specific details. In some instances, in order to avoid obscuring the novelty of the exemplary embodiments presented in this application, well-known structures and devices are presented in the form of block diagrams.

In this specification and the scope of the patent application, it should be understood that when a unit is referred to as being "connected to" or "coupled to" another unit, it may be directly connected or coupled to another unit or an intermediate unit may be present. . In contrast, when one unit is said to be "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" another unit, there is no intermediate unit.

The communication system can use a single carrier frequency or a multi-carrier frequency. Referring to FIG. 1, in the wireless cellular communication system 100, labels 102A to 102G refer to cell service areas, labels 160A to 160G refer to base stations, and labels 106A to 106G refer to access terminals (AT). The communication channel includes a forward link (FL) (also called a downlink) for transmission from an access network (AN) 160 to an access terminal (AT) 106 and a forward link (FL) for transmission from the AT 106 to the AN 160. The reverse link (RL) of the transmission (also known as the uplink). The AT 106 is also called a remote station, mobile station, or user station. The access terminal (AT) 106 may be mobile or stationary. Each link includes a different number of carrier frequencies. In addition, the access terminal 106 may be any data device that communicates through a wireless channel or through a wired channel (for example, using an optical fiber cable or a coaxial cable). The access terminal 106 may also be any of a variety of types of equipment, including but not limited to: PC card, compact flash memory, external or internal modem, or wireless or wired telephone.

Modern communication systems are designed to allow multiple users to access a common communication medium. Numerous multiple access technologies are known in the art, for example, time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), space division multiple access, polarization multiple access, division Code multiple access (CDMA) and other similar multiple access technologies. The concept of multiple access is a channel allocation method that allows multiple users to access a common communication link. Depending on the specific multiple access technology, channel allocation can take different forms. For example, in the FDMA system, the entire spectrum is divided into multiple smaller sub-bands, and each user is allocated a sub-band to access the communication link. Or, in the TDMA system, during the time slot of the cycle loop, all the frequency spectrums are allocated to each user. In the CDMA system, all the frequency spectrum is allocated to each user at all times, and the transmission is distinguished by the use of coding at this time.

Although certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention described below are directed to operations in accordance with the CDMA 2000 standard, those skilled in the art should understand that these technologies can also be easily applied to other digital communication systems. For example, the technology of the present invention can also be applied to a system based on the W-CDMA (or 3GPP) wireless communication standard and/or any other communication standard. It can be expected that these alternative exemplary embodiments also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a signal transmission path 200 for speech in the prior art. In FIG. 2, the speech signal 200a is input to the speech synthesizer 210, and the speech synthesizer 210 is used to encode the speech signal for transmission. According to the voice content of the voice signal 200a at any time, the voice frame 210a output by the voice synthesizer 210 may have one of multiple rates. In Figure 2, multiple rates include full rate (FR), half rate (HR), quarter rate (QR), and eighth rate (ER). The voice frame 210a is provided to the physical layer processing module 220, which prepares the voice frame data for transmission according to the physical layer protocol of the system. Those skilled in the art should understand that these protocols may include, for example, encoding, repetition, puncturing, interleaving, and/or modulation data. The output of the physical layer processing module 220 is provided to the TX module 230 for transmission. The TX module 230 can perform radio frequency (RF) operations, such as up-converting the signal to a carrier frequency, and amplifying the signal for transmission on an antenna (not shown).

Generally speaking, the rate of the voice frame 210a used for encoding the voice signal 200a selected by the voice synthesizer 210 at any time depends on the level of the voice activity detected in the voice signal 200a. For example, full rate (FR) can be selected for the frame, during which the speech signal 200a contains active speech, and at the same time one-eighth rate (ER) can be selected for the frame, during which the speech The signal 200a contains silence. During this silent period, the ER frame may include parameters for representing the characteristics of the "background noise" related to the silence. Although the ER frame includes significantly fewer bits than the FR frame, silent periods frequently occur during a normal conversation, which makes the total transmission bandwidth used to transmit the ER frame significant.

It is desirable to further reduce the transmission bandwidth required to transmit the voice signal 200a to the receiver.

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a signal transmission path 300 for voice according to the present invention. In FIG. 3, a speech signal 200a is input to a speech synthesizer 310, which generates a speech frame 310a for transmission. The voice frame 310a may have full rate (FR), half rate (HR), quarter rate (QR), one eighth rate (ER) and critical (critical) eighth rate (ER- C) One of multiple rates. In an exemplary embodiment, for those one-eighth rate frames that contain the following parameters, for example, the parameters corresponding to the changes in the background noise detected in the silent interval, the speech synthesizer 310 may combine these eight The one-eighth rate frame is designated as the "critical" one-eighth rate frame.

The voice frame 310a is provided to the system blanking module 315, and then the system blanking module 315 provides the processed voice frame 315a to the physical layer processing module 220. As described further below, the system blanking module 315 selectively "blanks" the speech synthesizer output (ie, uses a zero rate (NR) with a smaller data rate compared to an eighth rate frame. The frame replaces some frames in the speech synthesizer output 310a) to minimize the transmission bit rate of the speech synthesizer output 310a. In an exemplary embodiment, the NR frame has zero traffic content, that is, a traffic bit rate of 0 bits per second (bps).

FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary embodiment 400 of an algorithm that the system blanking module 315 can apply.

In step 410, the system blanking module 315 receives the frame 310a from the speech synthesizer 310.

In step 420, the frame 310a is evaluated to determine whether it is FR, HR, QR, or ER-C. For transmission, these rates are considered critical, and these rates can also be called critical frame types. If the frame 310a includes one of these key rates, the frame 310a is directly provided to the physical layer processing module 220 for transmission. If not, it is considered that the frame includes a non-critical rate, and the algorithm proceeds to step 430.

It should be noted that the exemplary designation of FR, HR, QR and ER-C as "critical" is for illustrative purposes only, and this does not mean that the scope of the present invention is limited to only those embodiments that designate these frame types as critical . In an alternative exemplary embodiment, other sets of frame types may be designated as critical for transmission by the system blanking module. It can be expected that these alternative exemplary embodiments also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In step 430, the algorithm evaluates the frame number of the current frame to be transmitted to determine whether the current frame is guaranteed to be transmitted. In an exemplary embodiment, the guaranteed transmission may include a non-zero rate (e.g., non-NR) transmission. In an exemplary embodiment, the frame number may be a number assigned to each frame, which is continuously repeated for each successive frame. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the current frame number "frame number" is added to the current frame offset "frame offset", and the non-blanking interval parameter N is combined with the result (frame number + Frame offset) performs modulo operation (mod). If the result of the modulus operation is 0, then the algorithm goes to step 440. Otherwise, the algorithm goes to step 450.

Those skilled in the art should understand that other techniques other than the specific evaluation shown in step 430 can be easily applied to specify which frames are guaranteed to be transmitted. These alternative techniques can use, for example, parameters different from the current frame number or current frame offset or other operations other than the aforementioned modulo operation.

In step 450, the system blanking module 315 provides a zero rate (NR) frame to the physical layer processing module 220 for transmission. In an exemplary embodiment, the zero-rate frame has a traffic data rate of 0 bps (bits per second), and therefore consumes the smallest signal bandwidth. After sending the zero-rate frame, the algorithm returns to step 410 to receive the next speech frame 310a from the speech synthesizer 310.

Based on the above, those skilled in the art should understand that the non-blanking interval N controls how often the non-critical frame is transmitted, where N=1 corresponds to the transmission of all non-critical frames, and a larger value of N corresponds to the transmission of non-critical frames. Corresponding to the less frequent transmission of key frames. In an exemplary embodiment, the value of N may be preset to 1, 4, or, for example, it may be designated as 8 or other predetermined values (not shown) through an external signal.

5 and 5A respectively depict exemplary frame transmission sequences 310a* and 315a* processed by the speech synthesizer 310 and the system blanking module 315.

In FIG. 5, the frame sequence 310a* includes an eighth rate frame labeled "ER" and a key eighth rate frame labeled "ER-C". Such a sequence of frames can occur during a voice conversation, for example, during a quiet period of one party to the conversation.

In FIG. 5A, the frame transmission sequence 315a* corresponds to the result of applying a selective blanking algorithm such as 400 to the transmission sequence 310a*, where a non-blanking interval N=4 is used. In FIG. 5A, the frame sequence 315a* includes an eighth rate frame ER and a zero rate frame NR. The frame number 0 is used as the frame received from the speech synthesizer 310 (ie, the ER frame) to be transmitted directly. According to the non-blanking interval N=4, frame numbers 1 and 3 are transmitted as NR frames. The frame number 2 of the one-eighth rate frame ER-C designated by the speech synthesizer as the key is transmitted as the ER frame. As shown in the figure, similar processing is performed on frame numbers 4 to 13. It should be noted that in FIG. 5A, the frame corresponding to (frame number + frame offset mod N)=0 is marked.

FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a receiving algorithm 600 for processing signals generated by a voice transmission signal path, where the voice transmission signal path uses a system blanking module such as 315 shown in FIG. 3.

In FIG. 6, in step 610, the transmitted signals are received (RX), and, for example, an operation complementary to the TX operation 230 shown in FIG. 3 is used to process these signals. Such RX operations can include, for example, RF amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, and so on.

In step 620, a physical layer receive (RX) process is performed using, for example, an operation complementary to the physical layer TX operation 220 shown in FIG. 3. Such physical layer reception processing may include, for example, decoding, de-interleaving, symbol combination, and so on.

In step 630, the algorithm 600 evaluates whether the currently received frame is an NR frame. If so, since there is no traffic data to be processed for the NR frame, the algorithm returns to step 610 to start receiving the next frame. If not, the algorithm goes to step 640.

Those skilled in the art should understand that various techniques can be used to evaluate whether the currently received frame is an NR frame. In an exemplary embodiment, an energy evaluation algorithm may be used to detect the energy in the traffic portion of the received frame. For example, the energy corresponding to the traffic portion of the received frame can be measured and compared with an appropriately scaled energy threshold. If the measured energy is less than the threshold, then it can be asserted that it is an NR frame, because in an exemplary embodiment, the transmitter does not expect to transmit signals in the traffic portion of the NR frame. This energy evaluation algorithm can also use information about the system blanking algorithm used by the transmitter and the non-blanking interval N to further help detect the NR frame.

It should be noted that the description of possible NR detection algorithms given above is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any specific NR detection algorithm.

In step 640, the parameters of the received non-NR frame may be used to update the outer loop power control (OLPC) algorithm at the receiver. In an exemplary embodiment, the parameters of the received non-NR frame may include, for example, whether the frame quality indicator (FQI) (for example, the CRC for the received frame) passes the quality check result. Those skilled in the art should understand that the OLPC algorithm can be used, for example, to calculate an appropriate signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) set point for the received frame, which can be used to guide the transmission between the transmitter and the receiver. The power control feedback mechanism of the voice frame. By excluding the quality inspection result derived from the NR frame, it is possible to correctly update the OLPC algorithm by using, for example, only the frame with significant emission energy for the traffic part.

In step 650, the speech frame is decoded to obtain a speech output 650a, and the algorithm 600 returns to step 610 to receive the next frame.

Fig. 7 depicts an alternative exemplary embodiment of a signal transmission path 700 for speech in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 7, a speech signal 200a is input to a speech synthesizer 710, where the speech synthesizer 710 generates a speech frame 710a for transmission. The voice frame 710a may have a variety of rates including full rate (FR), half rate (HR), quarter rate (QR), one-eighth rate (ER), and voice synthesizer zero rate (VNR). A sort of. When the speech synthesizer 710 has no new information to send, the speech synthesizer generates a VNR frame (also called a speech synthesizer zero rate frame or a speech synthesizer empty frame). In an exemplary embodiment, the VNR frame may simply be a blank frame that does not contain data.

The voice frame 710a is provided to the system blanking module 715, and then the system blanking module 715 provides the processed voice frame 715a to the physical layer processing module 220. As described further below, the system blanking module 715 selectively replaces certain of the speech synthesizer output 710a by using a zero rate (NR) or zero rate indicator (NRID) frame with little or no data content. These frames minimize the transmission bit rate of the speech synthesizer output 710a.

FIG. 8 depicts an exemplary embodiment 800 of an algorithm that can be applied by the system blanking module 715.

In step 810, the system blanking module 715 receives the frame 710a from the speech synthesizer 710.

In step 820, the frame 710a is evaluated to determine whether it is FR, HR, QR, or ER. These rates are considered critical for transmission. If the frame 710a contains one of these key rates, then the frame 710a is provided to the physical layer processing module 220 for transmission in step 840. If not, it is considered that the frame contains non-critical rates, and the algorithm proceeds to step 830.

In step 830, the algorithm evaluates the current frame number of the transmission to determine whether a non-zero transmission should be performed. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the current frame number "frame number" is added to the current frame offset "frame offset", using the non-blanking interval parameter N and the result (frame number + Frame offset) performs modulo operation (mod). If the result of the modulus operation is 0, then the algorithm goes to step 835. Otherwise, the algorithm goes to step 850.

In step 835, a zero rate indicator (NRID) frame is transmitted. The frame corresponds to a predetermined frame or indicator that the receiver can recognize. Since the frame does not include new information, it is also called a frame that includes zero traffic data. The zero-traffic data can include bit patterns that are not used by the receiver's speech synthesizer, so the receiver's speech synthesizer will discard the zero-traffic data. In one aspect, for example, the predetermined zero frame or indicator may be a known 1.8-kbps frame with zero traffic data. In another aspect, for example, a predetermined frame or indicator can repeat the last transmitted 1.8-kbps frame, thereby indicating zero traffic data.

In step 850, the system blanking module 715 provides a zero rate (NR) frame to the physical layer processing module 220 for transmission. In an exemplary embodiment, the zero-rate frame does not contain traffic bits, so it consumes the least signal bandwidth. After transmitting the zero-rate frame, the algorithm returns to step 810 to receive the next speech frame 710a from the speech synthesizer 710.

9 and 9A respectively depict exemplary frame transmission sequences 710a* and 715a* processed by the speech synthesizer 710 and the system blanking module 715.

In FIG. 9, the frame sequence 710a* includes an eighth rate frame labeled "ER" and a speech synthesizer zero rate frame labeled "VNR" generated by the speech synthesizer 710.

In FIG. 9A, the frame transmission sequence 715a* corresponds to the result of applying a selective blanking algorithm such as 800 to the transmission sequence 710a*, where a non-blanking interval N=4 is used. In FIG. 9A, the frame sequence 715a* includes an eighth rate frame ER and a zero rate frame NR. The frame number 0 is directly transmitted as the frame received from the speech synthesizer 710 (ie, the ER frame). According to the non-blanking interval N=4, frame numbers 1 to 3 are transmitted as NR frames, and frame number 4 is transmitted as NRID frames. It should be noted that the NRID frame is transmitted to ensure periodic non-zero rate frame transmission, as described in algorithm 800. For those skilled in the art, based on the above description, the processing of frame numbers 5 to 13 can be easily understood.

Fig. 10 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a method 1000 for system blanking according to the present invention. It should be noted that the method 1000 shown is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any specific method shown.

In FIG. 10, in step 1010, it is determined whether there is new traffic information, where the new traffic information is included in a frame for transmission over the wireless communication link.

In step 1020, the decision module determines the result of step 1010.

In step 1030, if there is new traffic information, a traffic part including data representing the new traffic information is added to the frame.

In step 1040, if there is no new traffic information, no new frame is transmitted unless each frame corresponds to a frame used to ensure transmission. In this case, a frame including zero-traffic data guaranteed for transmission is generated, where the receiving speech synthesizer can recognize the zero-traffic data as a zero data rate.

FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a pilot frequency gating control scheme for identifying zero-rate frame transmission according to the present invention. It should be noted that the given pilot frequency gating control scheme is only for illustrative purposes, and it does not mean that the scope of the present invention is limited to systems where the gated pilot frequency transmission must be accompanied by zero-rate frame transmission.

In FIG. 11, the traffic part 1110 of TX transmission is shown along with the pilot frequency part 1120. It can be observed that the pilot frequency part 1120 has a different pattern during the transmission of the zero-rate frame compared with the period during which the non-zero-rate frame is transmitted. For example, as shown in Figure 11, the pilot frequency gating pattern for the zero frame corresponds to turning on the 2 sub-segments of the pilot frequency or PCG (indicated by "P" in Figure 11) and turning off the 2 sub-segments of the pilot frequency Or PCG alternates. Using different pilot frequency gating patterns during the zero frame transmission can further help the receiver to determine whether the currently received frame is a zero frame. This can be used, for example, during the zero-rate determination step 630 in FIG. 6.

Those skilled in the art should understand that, according to the present invention, alternative pilot frequency gating patterns can be easily derived to signal the existence of a zero frame. For example, the pilot frequency gating pattern may include every other sub-segment or PCG pilot frequency transmission or use any other pattern. It can be expected that these alternative technologies also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In another aspect of the present invention, in order to further reduce the signal transmission of the system, the power control rate of the forward link and/or reverse link of the system can be reduced. In an exemplary embodiment, for example, by only during the PCG period corresponding to the gated reverse link pilot frequency transmission (even if the reverse link pilot frequency part is continuous (ie, non-gated) In the frame) only forward link power control commands are sent, and the mobile station can reduce the number of forward link power control commands it sends to the base station. In another exemplary embodiment, the base station may transmit reverse link power control commands at a reduced rate (e.g., every other power control group). In addition, mobile stations that receive these reverse link power control commands can use each command to control the transmission of non-zero frames. For the null frame, for example, when the reverse link pilot frequency part is gated as described above, a reduced number (for example, less than all) of the power control commands received from the base station can be used to control the mobile stations Zero frame transmission. See Figures 12 to 14 to further describe these exemplary power control techniques.

FIG. 12 depicts an exemplary embodiment 1200 of a rate reduction power control scheme according to the present invention for controlling the power of forward link (FL) transmission.

In FIG. 12, a base station transmission (BS TX) 1210 is shown along with a mobile station transmission (MS TX) 1220. The PCG containing the forward link (FL) power control (PC) command sent by the mobile station is shown as the shaded PCG in 1220. The upper right arrow originates from each shaded PCG, which points to the forward link PCG transmitted by the base station, where these base stations apply the received FL PC command when transmitting the forward link PCG. For example, when the base station transmits FL PCG#4, it applies the FL PC command sent by the mobile station in RL PCG#3 and so on.

It should be noted that in FIG. 12, according to the gated pilot frequency scheme 1100 shown in FIG. 11, the shaded PCG in 1220 corresponds to the RL PCG with the RL TX pilot frequency turned on. At the same time, as shown in 1220, the mobile station only sends the FL PC command in the RL PCG corresponding to the shaded PCG. The mobile station does not send the FL PC command in the non-shaded RL PCG. Therefore, these FL PC commands are only transmitted in those RL PCGs that are also transmitted during the gated pilot frequency scheme, regardless of whether the gated pilot frequency pattern is used for a specific frame (for example, regardless of whether the specific frame is zero The rate frame is still not a zero rate frame). Those skilled in the art should understand that although this reduces the complexity of FL PC processing, it also reduces the overall FL PC rate.

FIG. 13 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a rate reduction power control scheme according to the present invention, which is used to control the power of reverse link (RL) continuous pilot frequency transmission.

In FIG. 13, the PCG including the forward link (RL) power control (PC) command sent by the base station is shown as the shaded PCG in 1310. The lower right arrow originates from each shaded PCG, which points to the reverse link PCG transmitted by the mobile station using the corresponding received RL PC command. For example, when the mobile station transmits RL PCG#4, it applies the RL PC command sent by the base station in FL PCG#3 and so on.

In FIG. 13, as shown in 1310, the base station sends the RL PC command only in the FL PCG corresponding to the shaded PCG. The base station does not send RL PC commands in the non-shaded PCG.

FIG. 14 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a power control scheme with reduced rate according to the present invention, which is used to control the power of the reverse link (RL) gated pilot frequency transmission.

In FIG. 14, the PCG including the forward link (RL) power control (PC) command sent by the base station is shown as a shaded PCG in 1410. The solid bottom right arrow originates from the shaded PCG, which points to the reverse link PCG transmitted by the mobile station using the corresponding received RL PC command. In another aspect, the dashed arrow derived from the shaded PCG indicates the RL PC command transmitted by the base station, where the MS pointed to by the corresponding RL PCG does not apply the RL PC command transmitted by the base station. The base station only sends the RL PC command in the FL PCG corresponding to the shaded PCG. The base station does not send RL PC commands in the non-shaded PCG.

For example, when the mobile station transmits RL PCG#3, it applies the RL PC command sent by the base station in FL PCG#1 and so on. In another aspect, when the mobile station transmits RL PCG#4, the RL PC command sent by the base station in FL PCG#2 is not applied. Alternatively, in an exemplary embodiment, the mobile station may maintain the same power level as used for the previous PCG (e.g., RL PCG#3 in the described example). In one aspect of the present invention, this can be used to simplify the processing of the RL PC command by the mobile station.

Figure 15 depicts a power control method 1500 according to the present invention. It should be noted that the method 1500 shown is for illustrative purposes only and is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention.

In step 1510, the current frame is received, where the frame is formatted into multiple sub-segments.

In step 1520, the received frame is processed according to the physical layer protocol.

In step 1530, the power control command received in the sub-segment designated for transmission according to the first gating pilot frequency pattern is received.

In step 1540, according to the received power control command, the transmission power of the TX sub-segment following the designated sub-segment is adjusted, wherein the TX sub-segment is transmitted according to the second gating pilot frequency pattern.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a technology for terminating forward link and/or reverse link transmission in advance in a wireless communication system is provided to save power and increase capacity.

FIG. 16 depicts a frame processing scheme for processing information bits 1600b by a transmitter in a communication system in the prior art. In some exemplary embodiments, the illustrated frame processing scheme can be used in the forward link or reverse link transmission of a wireless communication system. FIG. 16A depicts the state of data processing performed by the operation shown in FIG. 16.

It should be noted that the frame processing scheme shown is only for illustrative purposes, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any specific processing scheme shown. Alternative exemplary embodiments of the present invention can adopt alternative frame processing solutions, and these alternative frame processing solutions can, for example, reorder the steps of the solution shown in FIG. 16 and/or add some to the solutions shown. Steps or remove some steps from the scheme shown. It can be expected that these alternative exemplary embodiments also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In Figure 16, the information source generates information bits 1600b at a selected rate R. The number of information bits 1600b generated per frame depends on the selected rate R. For example, in a CDMA 2000 system, it can be 172 information bits per 20 millisecond frame ("full rate"), 80 bits per frame ("half rate"), and 40 bits per frame ("quarter rate"). One rate") or 16 bits per frame ("One-eighth rate"). In Figure 16A, the information bit 1600b of a frame is changed by the variable<i>b</i>Represented collectively.

In step 1600, a frame quality indicator (FQI) can be generated and added to the information bits 1600b of the frame. For example, the FQI may be a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) well known to those skilled in the art. As also shown in FIG. 16A, signal 1600a represents a combination of information bit 1600b and FQI.

In step 1610, encoder tail bits may be added to signal 1600a. For example, the encoder tail element represents a fixed number of zero-valued tail elements used in a convolutional encoder. As also shown in FIG. 16A, signal 1610a represents the combination of signal 1600a and the encoder tail element.

In step 1620, the signal 1610a is encoded and repeated (or punctured). As previously mentioned, coding can include convolutional coding and Turbo coding, and repetition can be used to further increase (or decrease in the case of puncturing) the transmission energy associated with each symbol. It should be noted that the encoding can use other techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as block encoding or other types of encoding, and the encoding technique is not limited by the encoding explicitly described in the present invention. As also shown in FIG. 16A, the signal 1620a represents the encoded and repetitive (or punctured) version of the signal 1610a.

In step 1630, the signal 1620a is interleaved, for example, to increase the diversity of the signal dimension selected along the coded symbol. In an exemplary implementation, the symbols can be interleaved over time. As also shown in Figure 16A, signal 1630a represents an interleaved version of signal 1620a.

In step 1640, as shown in FIG. 16A, the interleaved symbols of the signal 1630a are mapped to a predefined frame format. The frame format can specify the frame to be composed of multiple sub-segments. In an exemplary embodiment, a sub-segment may be any part of the frame adjacent to a given dimension (for example, time, frequency, code, or any other dimension). A frame may include a fixed number of multiple sub-segments, and each sub-segment includes a part of the total number of symbols allocated to the frame. For example, in an exemplary embodiment according to the W-CDMA standard, one sub-segment may be defined as one time slot. In an exemplary embodiment according to the CDMA 2000 standard, a sub-segment can be defined as a power control group (PCG).

In some exemplary embodiments, the interleaved symbols may be mapped into time, frequency, code, or any other dimensions used for signal transmission. In addition, the frame format can also specify interleaved symbols including, for example, control symbols (not shown) and signal 1630a. These control symbols can include, for example, power control symbols, frame format information symbols, and so on. As also shown in FIG. 16A, the signal 1640a represents the output of step 1640 of mapping symbols to frames.

In step 1650, the signal 1640a is modulated onto, for example, one or more carrier waveforms. In some exemplary embodiments, the modulation may adopt, for example, QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), and so on. As also shown in FIG. 16A, signal 1650a represents a modulated version of signal 1640a. In Figure 16A, the signal 1650a is also changed by the variable<i>x</i>To represent.

In step 1660, the modulated signal 1650a is further processed, transmitted in the air, and received by the receiver. Step 1660 generates the received symbol 1700a, which uses the variable<i>y</i>To represent. It should be noted that those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technology for processing the signal 1650a transmitted and received in the air is well known and is not further described in this application. Included in<i>y</i>The symbols in can be further processed as described below.

FIG. 17 depicts a time chart related to the forward link signal transmission scheme used for CDMA 2000 in the prior art.

In FIG. 17, at 1700, the base station (BS) transmits a series of frames to the mobile station (MS) on the forward basic channel (F-FCH TX). In the exemplary embodiment shown, the sub-segment corresponds to a power control group (PCG), and each frame is composed of 16 PCGs (numbered 0 to 15). After transmitting all 16 PCGs corresponding to the first frame TX frame #0, the BS starts to transmit the next frame TX frame #1. In an exemplary embodiment, the transmitted data may be processed as previously described in this application with reference to FIGS. 16 and 16A.

On the MS side, at 1710, the MS receives the transmitted PCG. After receiving the last PCG (ie, PCG#15) of the RX frame #0 corresponding to the TX frame #0, the MS uses all the received PCGs to start decoding the RX frame #0. The decoded information is available after the decode time TD. In an exemplary embodiment, decoding may be performed as described below with reference to FIG. 18. It should be noted that although the MS is currently decoding TX frame #0, it has received the PCG of TX frame #1 at the same time.

FIG. 18 illustrates a method 1800 for recovering the estimated information bit bfrom the received symbol y in the prior art.

In step 1805, the symbols of the entire frame are received<i>y</i>Or 1700a.

In step 1810, the symbol<i>y</i>Or 1700a for demodulation, analysis and de-interleaving to generate symbols<i>y</i>', which is also represented as signal 1810a. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the operation performed in step 1810 may correspond to, for example, the inverse operation of the operation performed by the transmitter shown in FIG. 16.

In step 1820, assuming that the rate R is known, the symbol<i>y</i>'To decode and combine. In one implementation, the rate R may indicate how many bits are present in the received frame. The rate R may be used by, for example, a decoder to determine at which point in the received symbol sequence to terminate the decoding and/or from the decoded sequence Remove the tail element. In step 1820, the tail element of the decoded sequence can also be removed (for example, as added in step 1610 of FIG. 16). The result of step 1820 is the output signal 1820a.

In step 1830, the FQI (e.g., as added in step 1600 of FIG. 16) is checked and also removed from the information bits. In one implementation, the result of the FQI check can identify whether the decoding succeeded or failed. Step 1830 generates recovered information bits (denoted as b') along with the FQI result, where the FQI result indicates success or failure.

In step 1840, the method can proceed to the next frame and repeat the above-mentioned steps for the next frame.

According to the present invention, the advance frame decoding and termination technology as described below can allow the overall communication system 100 to operate more efficiently and save transmission power, thereby increasing the cell capacity.

FIG. 19 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a scheme for early termination of forward link transmission for system operation according to the CDMA 2000 standard. It should be noted that this exemplary embodiment shown is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to a CDMA 2000-based system. Those skilled in the art should also understand that the specific PCG and frame numbers mentioned in this application are for illustrative purposes only, and are not meant to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

In Figure 19, at 1900, a base station (BS) transmits a series of frames to a mobile station (MS). In an exemplary embodiment, these transmissions can be performed on the basic forward channel (F-FCH TX). As described above, each sub-segment shown in FIG. 19 may correspond to a power control group (PCG) in CDMA 2000. The BS starts transmission with PCG#0 of TX frame #0, and continuously transmits PCG until it receives an ACK signal 1945 from the MS after PCG#8. The MS transmits an ACK signal to notify the BS that the MS successfully decodes the entire TX frame #0 according to the received PCG.

After receiving ACK 1945, the BS stops the transmission of the PCG corresponding to TX frame #0, and waits until the next frame (TX frame #1) before transmitting the PCG of the new frame TX frame #1 )until. It should be noted that during the limited time period associated with receiving and processing the ACK signal 1945, the BS has already started transmitting PCG#9 of TX frame #0.

Marks 1910 to 1940 depict the time of actions taken by the MS, and the MS performs these actions to generate an ACK signal 1945 to the BS, so that the BS terminates the TX frame transmission early.

In 1910, the MS received the PCG of TX frame #0 and TX frame #1 as RX frame #0 and RX frame #1, respectively.

In 1920, when receiving each PCG of RX frame #0, the MS tries to decode RX frame #0 without waiting to receive all 16 PCGs assigned to RX frame #0. In an exemplary embodiment, in order to complete this per-PCG-based decoding, the MS may use a per-sub-segement decoding algorithm such as 2000 described later with reference to FIG. 20 Law.

In 1925, after receiving PCG#7, as determined by, for example, checking the CRC associated with the received bit, the MS successfully decoded RX frame #0. MS declares that the decoding is successful, and transfers to ACK transmission 1930.

In 1930, after declaring successful decoding at 1925, during the transmission portion related to PCG#8 of the reverse link, the MS transmits an MS ACK signal 1945 to the BS.

In an exemplary embodiment, the MS may only transmit the ACK signal during the PCG immediately following the PCG whose decoding is determined to be successful, or during any PCG after the PCG whose decoding is determined to be successful. In an alternative exemplary embodiment such as that shown in FIG. 19, the ACK mask 1940 may control the time at which the ACK signal 1945 is transmitted. The ACK mask is used to specify when the ACK signal can be transmitted or when the ACK signal cannot be transmitted. Providing this ACK mask can limit the capacity of the communication link used to send an acknowledgment message.

In Figure 19, the ACK mask is characterized by a time interval designated as "1" during which ACK transmission on the reverse link is allowed. ACK transmission is not allowed during the time interval designated as "0". In an exemplary embodiment, by limiting the ACK transmission to only the time interval after the threshold PCG, the ACK mask can ensure that decoding is attempted only when a sufficient portion of the received frame has been processed. According to the present invention, the MS can transmit an ACK message in the next time period designated as "1" by the ACK mask immediately after successful decoding.

It should be noted that the specific ACK mask configuration shown in this application is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any ACK mask shown. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that alternative ACK mask configurations can be easily provided to allow ACK transmissions during sub-segments or PCG sections that are different from those shown. It can be expected that these alternative exemplary embodiments also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In an exemplary embodiment, the PCG specified by the ACK mask pattern may be the same PCG specified by the pattern of the RL gated pilot frequency pattern used to signal the transmission of the NR frame (for example, see previously in this application) Figure 11 described) overlap.

In an exemplary embodiment, the BS TX may further include pilot frequency transmission (not shown). After receiving MS ACK 1945, the pilot frequency transmission may be converted from continuously transmitted pilot frequency signals to gated pilot frequency signals, Among them, the gate-controlled pilot frequency signal is transmitted according to the gate-controlled pilot frequency pattern.

Fig. 20 depicts an exemplary embodiment of each sub-segment decoding scheme according to the present invention. It should be noted that the method 2000 shown is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to any specific exemplary embodiment shown.

In FIG. 20, in step 2001, the sub-segment index n is initialized to n=0.

In step 2005, the method receives symbols for sub-segment n<i>y</i>_<i>n</i> 。

In step 2010, for up to sub-segment n and sub-segment n including the current frame, the method performs<i>yΣ</i>_nPerform demodulation, analysis and de-interleaving.<i>yΣ</i>_nIt can include, for example, all traffic symbols received from the contained sub-segment 0 to sub-segment n. The result of step 2010 is expressed as<i>y</i>'Σ_n 。

In step 2020, the method pairs the symbol<i>y</i>'Σ_nDecoding and combining. Those skilled in the art should understand that although the symbol<i>y</i>'Σ_nUsually only with all symbols allocated by the transmitter for the entire frame<i>x</i>Part of the corresponding, but still by using only the symbol<i>y</i>'Σ_nLet's try to decode the entire frame "early". This early decoding attempt has a good chance of successful decoding due to, for example, symbols introduced by partial rate coding and/or repetition (for example, step 1620 in FIG. 16)<i>x</i>This is caused by the redundancy in and/or the time or other dimensional diversity achieved through the interleaving at step 1630 in FIG. 16.

In step 2020, the encoded tail element may also be removed from the decoded bit sequence to generate a signal 2020a.

In step 2030, the method checks the FQI from the signal 2020a, and generates an FQI result 2030a from the accumulated received sub-segments from the current frame to n.

In step 2035, the method evaluates whether the FQI result indicates success. If it is, the method goes to step 2040. In step 2040, the decoding is declared successful, and the method generates an ACK message so that the forward link transmission can be terminated in advance. The next available opportunity may be, for example, specified by the ACK mask described with reference to FIG. 5. If not, the method goes to step 2037.

In step 2037, the method increases n by 1 to determine whether there are other remaining sub-segments to be received in the frame. If so, the method returns to step 2005. If not, the method goes to step 2060 to declare that the decoding of the frame is unsuccessful.

In step 2070, the decoder continues to evaluate the next frame.

FIG. 21 depicts an implementation 2100 of the forward link symbol path for wireless configuration 4 (RC4) according to the CDMA 2000 standard in the prior art, and an exemplary embodiment 2110 of the forward link symbol path according to the present invention. In the implementation 2100, the frame quality indicator includes a CRC with a length of 6, 6, 8, or 12 added to the bits of the frame according to the symbol rate of the frame. In the exemplary embodiment 2110 according to the present invention, the frame quality indicator includes a CRC with an increased length of 12, 12, 12, or 12 added to the bits of the frame. Using an increased length CRC improves the performance of the early decoding scheme according to the present invention, so that, for example, the early decoding technology according to the present invention can more accurately detect the success of the decoding. It should be noted that the specific CRC length shown in this application is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any specific CRC length shown.

As further shown in the implementation 2100, according to the frame symbol rate, the symbol puncturing rate is 1/5, 1/9, none, and none. In the exemplary embodiment 2110 according to the present invention, the symbol puncturing rate is 1/3, 1/5, 1/25, and none according to the frame symbol rate. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the improved puncturing in the exemplary embodiment 2110 can be used to adapt to the increased length CRC required by the exemplary embodiment 2110.

Figure 22 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a signaling scheme 2200 for sending an ACK message on the reverse link in order to terminate forward link transmission early. In FIG. 22, the reverse ACK channel (R-ACKCH) 2210 is modulated onto the Walsh (Walsh) code W(64, 16) 2212 through the modulator 2214 using on-off keying (OOK). The relative channel gain 2216 is applied to the result signal, and the result is provided to the adder 2218.

In FIG. 22, a reverse basic channel (R-FCH) 2220 having a rate of 1536 symbols per 20 milliseconds is modulated onto a Walsh function W(16,4)2222 using a modulator 2224. The relative channel gain 2226 is applied to the result signal, and the result is provided to the adder 2218. The output of the adder may be provided on a quadrature (Q) channel 2228 for reverse link transmission to the BS. In the exemplary embodiment shown, an in-phase (I) channel 2234 including a reverse pilot frequency channel (R-PICH) 2230 is also provided.

It should be noted that the given exemplary embodiment of the reverse link ACK transmission scheme shown in FIG. 22 is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any specific embodiment of the ACK transmission scheme. . Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that alternative techniques for sending ACKs on the reverse link can be easily derived according to the present invention, which include applying different forms of modulation and sending ACK messages on alternative channels other than those shown. It can be expected that these alternative exemplary embodiments also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

FIG. 23 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a scheme 2300 for early termination of reverse link transmission for system operation according to the CDMA 2000 standard. It should be noted that the exemplary embodiment shown is for illustrative purposes only, and is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any specific reverse link early termination scheme shown. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific PCG and frame numbers mentioned in this application are for illustrative purposes only.

In Figure 23, at 2300, the mobile station (MS) transmits a series of frames to the base station (BS). In an exemplary embodiment, these frames can be transmitted on the reverse basic channel (R-FCH TX). In FIG. 23, each sub-segment shown corresponds to a power control group (PCG). The MS starts to transmit TX frame #0 at PCG#0, and continuously transmits PCG until it receives an ACK signal 2345 from the BS after PCG#8. After receiving ACK 2345, the MS stops transmitting the PCG corresponding to TX frame #0, and waits until the next frame (TX frame #1) is started, so as to start transmitting the PCG corresponding to TX frame #1 .

Markers 2310 to 2340 depict the time of actions taken by the BS, and the BS performs these actions to generate an ACK signal 2345 to the MS to allow the MS to terminate the reverse link frame transmission in advance.

At 2310, the BS receives the PCG of TX frame #0 and TX frame #1 as RX frame #0 and RX frame #1, respectively.

At 2320, when each individual PCG is received, the BS tries to decode RX frame #0 without waiting for all 16 PCGs allocated to RX frame #0 to be received. In an exemplary embodiment, in order to complete this per-PCG-based decoding, the BS may use a per-subsegment decoding algorithm such as 2000 described previously with reference to FIG. 20.

At 2325, after receiving PCG#5, the BS declares that the decoding is successful, and goes to the ACK transmission step 2330 to generate a BS ACK TX signal.

At 2330, after declaring successful decoding at step 2325, the BS transmits an ACK signal 2345 during the transmission portion related to PCG#8 of the forward link. The transmission part during the sending of the ACK signal 2345 can be specified by the corresponding ACK mask 2340.

In an exemplary embodiment, as previously described in this application with reference to FIG. 19, the ACK mask pattern enables ACK transmissions to occur only during some PCGs, where in these PCGs, transmissions are performed on the forward link (FL) Power control commands to control reverse link (RL) power transmission.

In FIG. 23, 2350 also depicts an exemplary embodiment of the reverse link early termination scheme in which the MS transmits the reverse link pilot frequency signal. In step 2350, after the MS receives the ACK signal 2345 from the BS at PCG#8, the MS stops transmitting the RL pilot signal at any PCG. As shown in the figure, it is more suitable that for the selected PCG, the RL pilot frequency signal transmission can be gated off. This can be used to reserve RL pilot signal transmission power for the remaining PCGs, and to provide another ACK transmission mechanism to the BS. In an exemplary embodiment, the RL gating pilot frequency pattern for the remaining PCG may correspond to the pattern used to signal the NR frame transmission (for example, as previously described with reference to FIG. 11).

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the RL pilot signal is gated off during PCG 9, 10, 13, and 14. Generally speaking, the RL pilot frequency signal is gated off in the alternate two PCG groups after the ACK signal is transmitted, until the end of the prematurely terminated frame. It should also be noted that because the pilot frequency gating of the NR frame is used, various schemes can be used for the pilot frequency gating of the prematurely terminated frame, for example: a power control group is turned on followed by a power control group to turn off; two One power control group is turned on followed by two power control groups to turn off; any other pattern that can be used to reduce the transmit power.

FIG. 24 depicts an implementation 2400 of the reverse link symbol path in the prior art and an exemplary embodiment 2410 of the reverse link symbol path in the present invention. In the implementation 2400, a CRC with a length of 6, 6, 8, or 12 is added to the bits of the frame according to the symbol rate of the frame. In an exemplary embodiment 2410 according to the present invention, a CRC with an increased length of 12, 12, 12, or 12 is added to the bits of the frame. In the case of forward link processing as shown in FIG. 21, the use of an increased length CRC improves the performance of the early decoding scheme according to the present invention, so that, for example, the early decoding technique can more accurately detect the success of the decoding. It should be noted that the specific CRC length shown in this application is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any specific CRC length shown.

As further shown in the implementation 2400, according to the frame symbol rate, the symbol puncturing rate is 1/5, 1/9, none, and none. In the exemplary embodiment 2410 according to the present invention, the symbol puncturing rate is 1/3, 1/5, 1/25, and none according to the frame symbol rate. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the use of increased puncturing in the exemplary embodiment 2410 can adapt to the CRC with an increased length that also exists in the exemplary embodiment 2410.

In an exemplary embodiment, the BS can be provided by replacing (puncturing) a bit with a predetermined position on the forward link traffic channel and/or using on-off keying (OOK) at the predetermined position. Send an ACK signal to the MS to send an ACK or NAK (Negative Acknowledgement) signal to the MS. In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined position may be changed on a per frame basis according to a predetermined pseudo-random bit pattern. In an exemplary embodiment, the ACK bit and the reverse link power control bit may be time-domain (TDM) multiplexed.

It should be noted that the aforementioned early frame termination scheme can be applied not only to the basic channel of the CDMA 2000 communication link, but also to the "high data rate" supplementary channel. For example, in an alternative exemplary embodiment (not shown), the ACK signal transmission mechanism on the forward link can be used to enable one or more MSs to terminate the data on one or more corresponding reverse supplementary channels in advance. transmission.

For example, in an exemplary embodiment (not shown), one or more MSs can simultaneously transmit frames on corresponding reverse supplementary channels. If the BS successfully receives a frame from the MS on the reverse supplementary channel, the BS will transmit an ACK on the corresponding forward shared acknowledgement subchannel of the forward shared acknowledgement channel, where each forward shared acknowledgement channel has a subchannel. The channel is designated to control a reverse supplemental channel. Accordingly, the forward shared confirmation sub-channels from multiple MSs can be multiplexed on a single forward shared confirmation channel. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, according to a predetermined pattern known to both the BS and one or more MSs, multiple sub-channels may be time-multiplexed on a single shared confirmation channel. This predetermined pattern can be indicated by an external signal transmission form (not shown).

The BS can support operations on one or more forward shared confirmation channels. In an exemplary embodiment, as previously described in this application, the ACK mask may be used to indicate that the sub-segment or PCG of the forward shared acknowledgment channel can be transmitted for the reverse supplementary channel.

In an alternative exemplary embodiment, for system operation according to the CDMA 2000 standard, an ACK signal transmission mechanism on the reverse link is provided to control the forward basic channel and one or more forward supplementary channels. transmission. FIG. 25 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a signaling scheme 2500. The signaling scheme 2500 is used to signal an ACK message on the reverse link in order to terminate the forward basic channel (F-FCH) and/or up to Two forward supplementary channels (F-SCH1 and F-SCH2).

In FIG. 25, the reverse ACK channel (R-ACKCH) 2520 is modulated onto the Walsh function W(64,16) 2522 by the modulator 2524 using binary phase shift keying (BPSK). In an exemplary embodiment, R-ACKCH 2520 may signal to the BS to terminate transmission on the forward basic channel (F-FCH). The relative channel gain 2526 is applied to this result signal, and the result is provided to the adder 2518.

In FIG. 25, the second reverse ACK channel (R-ACKCH) 2510 is modulated onto the Walsh function W(16, 12) 2512 by the modulator 2514 using binary phase shift keying (BPSK). In an exemplary embodiment, the ACKCH 2510 may signal to the BS to terminate the transmission on the first forward supplemental channel (F-SCH1). The relative channel gain 2516 is applied to this result signal, and the result is provided to the adder 2518.

As further shown in FIG. 25, two R-ACK channels and a reverse basic channel (R-FCH) can be combined to the quadrature (Q) component of the RL signal. The R-FCH has a rate of 1536 symbols per 20 milliseconds, and a modulator 2534 is also used to modulate the R-FCH onto the Walsh function W(16,4)2532. The relative channel gain 2536 is applied to this result signal, and the result is provided to the adder 2518. The output of the adder may be provided to the BS on the quadrature (Q) channel 2528 of the reverse link transmission.

As further shown in FIG. 25, the third reverse ACK channel (R-ACKCH) 2550 is modulated onto the Walsh function W(16, 8) 2552 through the modulator 2554 using on-off keying (OOK). In an exemplary embodiment, the ACKCH 2550 may signal to the BS to terminate the transmission on the second forward supplemental channel (F-SCH2). The relative channel gain 2556 is applied to this result signal, and the result is provided to the adder 2548. The adder 2548 may be used to combine the R-ACKCH 2550 and the reverse pilot channel (R-PICH) 2540 to generate an in-phase (I) reverse link signal 2544.

Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the examples of specific ACK signal transmission schemes for the forward link given above are for illustrative purposes only, and are not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to the forward path and the reverse path. Any specific ACK signal transmission scheme.

Figure 26 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a method 2600 in accordance with the present invention. It should be noted that the method 2600 shown is for illustrative purposes only, and it is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to any particular method.

In step 2610, a voice frame is received.

In step 2620, the method attempts to decode the received speech frame in advance. In an exemplary embodiment, it is possible to try to decode in advance before all sub-segments of the frame are received.

In step 2630, the method determines whether the attempted decoding of the speech frame is successful. In an exemplary embodiment, a frame quality indicator such as CRC can be checked to determine whether the frame is decoded successfully.

In step 2640, an acknowledgment signal (ACK) is transmitted to terminate the voice frame transmission.

The early termination technology of the present invention can be easily applied to some situations. In these situations, the mobile station is in "soft handover", that is, in soft handover, the MS is simultaneously on the forward link and/or reverse link. Communicate with multiple BSs.

For example, when the MS is in a soft handover between two BSs, each of the two BSs can receive the reverse link transmission performed by the MS, and either or both of the two BSs can Send an ACK signal back to the MS (not necessarily at the same time) to stop MS transmission. In an exemplary embodiment, in response to receiving more than one ACK signal in the reverse link frame transmission, the MS stops the transmission of the current frame after receiving the first ACK signal. In addition, early termination can be similarly applied to control forward link transmissions from two BSs to one MS. For example, in response to successful early decoding of frames received simultaneously from two BSs, the MS can transmit an ACK signal to stop the transmission of the two BSs on the forward link. It can be expected that these alternative exemplary embodiments also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art should understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and methods. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof .

Those skilled in the art should also understand that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments disclosed in this application can all be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or both. The combination. In order to clearly show the interchangeability between hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described above in general around their functions. As for whether this function is implemented as hardware or as software, it depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functions in a flexible manner for each specific application, but this implementation decision should not be interpreted as a departure from the protection scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

General-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), dedicated integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, individual gates or transistor logic used to perform the functions described in this application Devices, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof can implement or execute various exemplary logic block diagrams, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments disclosed in the present application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or, the processor may also be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such structure.

In addition, the steps of the method or algorithm described in combination with the exemplary embodiments disclosed in the present application may be directly embodied as hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software module can be located in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), electronically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically readable and writable PROM (EEPROM), temporary memory, hard disk , Removable disk, CD-ROM or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and storage medium can be located in the ASIC. The ASIC can be located in the user terminal. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may also exist as individual components in the user terminal.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described in this application may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, these functions can be stored as one or more instructions or codes in a computer readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer readable medium. Computer readable media include computer storage media and communication media, where communication media includes any media that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. The storage medium can be any available medium that the computer can access. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, floppy disk storage media or other magnetic disk storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired Any other media that can be accessed by a computer in the form of program codes in the form of commands or data structures. In addition, any connection can be appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, wireless, and microwave, then the coaxial cable , Fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, wireless, and microwave are included in the definition of the media. As used in this application, disks and discs include compact discs (CD), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVD), floppy discs and Blu-ray discs, among which disks Usually the data is reproduced magnetically, while the disc (disc) uses laser to reproduce the data optically. The above combination should also be included in the protection scope of computer readable media.

In order to enable any person skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention, the exemplary embodiments disclosed above are described. For those skilled in the art, various modifications to these exemplary embodiments are obvious, and the general principles defined in this application can also be applied to other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit or protection scope of the present invention. Examples. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments given in the present application, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and novel features disclosed in the present application.

<p>102. . . Cell Service Area</p><p>106. . . Access terminal</p><p>160. . . Base station</p><p>210a. . . Voice frame</p><p>200a. . . voice signal</p><p>210. . . Speech synthesizer</p><p>220. . . Physical layer processing</p><p>230. . . TX module</p><p>310. . . Speech synthesizer</p><p>310a. . . Voice frame</p><p>315. . . System blanking</p><p>315a. . . Voice frame</p><p>710. . . Speech synthesizer</p><p>715. . . System blanking</p>

Figure 1 depicts a wireless communication system in the prior art.

Figure 2 depicts a signal transmission path for voice in the prior art.

Fig. 3 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a signal transmission path for voice according to the present invention.

Figure 4 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an algorithm that can be applied by the system blanking module.

Figures 5 and 5A depict an exemplary frame transmission sequence processed by the speech synthesizer and the system blanking module.

FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a receiving algorithm for processing a system blanking signal generated by a voice signal transmission path such as that shown in FIG. 3.

Fig. 7 depicts another exemplary embodiment of a signal transmission path for voice according to the present invention.

Figure 8 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an algorithm that can be applied by the system blanking module.

Figures 9 and 9A depict exemplary frame transmission sequences processed by the speech synthesizer and the system blanking module.

Fig. 10 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a method for system blanking according to the present invention.

Fig. 11 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a pilot frequency gating control scheme according to the present invention.

Fig. 12 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a rate reduction power control scheme according to the present invention, which is used to control the power of forward link (FL) transmission.

FIG. 13 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a rate reduction power control scheme according to the present invention, which is used to control the power of reverse link (RL) continuous pilot frequency transmission.

FIG. 14 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a rate reduction power control scheme according to the present invention, which is used to control the power of the reverse link (RL) gated pilot frequency transmission.

Figure 15 depicts a power control method according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 depicts a frame processing scheme for processing information bits by a transmitter in a communication system in the prior art.

FIG. 17 depicts a time chart related to the forward link signal transmission scheme for CDMA 2000 in the prior art.

Figure 18 depicts the symbols used to receive from the prior art<i>y</i>Restore the estimated information bit b'in the method.

FIG. 19 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a scheme for early termination of forward link transmission for system operation according to the CDMA 2000 standard.

Fig. 20 depicts an exemplary embodiment of each sub-segment decoding scheme according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 depicts the implementation of the forward link symbol path for wireless configuration 4 (RC4) according to the CDMA 2000 standard in the prior art, and an exemplary embodiment of the forward link symbol path according to the present invention.

Figure 22 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a signaling scheme for sending an ACK message on the reverse link in order to terminate the modulator early.

FIG. 23 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a scheme for early termination of reverse link transmission for system operation according to the CDMA 2000 standard.

FIG. 24 depicts the implementation of the reverse link symbol path in the prior art and an exemplary embodiment of the reverse link symbol path according to the present invention.

Figure 25 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a signaling scheme for sending ACK messages on the reverse link in order to terminate the forward basic channel (F-FCH) early and/or up to two forwards Supplementary channels (F-SCH1 and F-SCH2).

Figure 26 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the present invention.