Track building machine with a reference system for controlling its operational unit and method of determining measured values indicative of track position

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a track-building machine with a reference system for determining the position of the track and controlling the working unit, with the machine frame resting on rail bogies, which, in relation to the working direction, consists of a front and a rear frame part connected to each other by means of a joint, such as also with a reference system for controlling at least one working unit located on the machine frame, and a method of determining track location values ​​that define the track position.

From GB 2 260 021 a machine for cleaning ballast is known, consisting of two articulated frame parts. A laser reference system is used to determine the longitudinal slope of the track in the area of ​​the front frame part, so that this measurement can control the height of the working units on the second frame part. For this purpose, a laser transmitter has been used, which is kept constantly in a horizontal position. Located on the front rail car of the first frame part is a laser receiver which, by referring to the horizontal laser reference plane, serves to register the longitudinal inclination of the first frame part. The longitudinal inclination value calculated by the algorithm is, with a delay, transmitted to a further laser receiver located on the scraper chain on the second frame part, so as to be able to control the vertical position of the scraper chain.

Further, there is known from GB 2 268 529 a machine for cleaning crushed stone, in which both on the first and on the second part of the frame are mounted a gauge for the longitudinal and transverse track inclination. The longitudinal slope of the track measured in the region of the first frame portion is stored as a set point value and, shifted in time, transmitted to control the vertical position of the scraper chain. For this purpose, the actual inclination recorded by the longitudinal inclination meter of the second frame part must be taken into account. In order to control the vertical position of the scraper chain, between the second part of the frame and the scraping chain there is a rope tension potentiometer.

The object of the invention is to create a track-building machine of the type described, in which a track damaged by the use of working units can be recreated relatively accurately by simple technical means.

This task is solved according to the invention in a machine of the type described in the introduction in that the reference system on the front part of the frame consists of a linear reference reference element extending between two carriages in the longitudinal direction of the machine and a rolling reference element arranged between the carriages. , a measuring wheelset with a measuring device recording the relative movement in the transverse direction of the machine, between the linear reference reference element and the measuring wheelset, and that angle measuring devices are provided for recording the actual angle of the frame comprised between the two frame parts.

Thanks to this solution, with relatively little construction effort, it is possible to measure the actual position of the track immediately before its destruction and through the angular relation of the rear part of the frame to the front part, constantly in the real position of the track, to reproduce the recorded position of the actual track for steering purposes. working aggregates. The starting point here is the knowledge that a theoretical predetermined position of the rear frame part can be easily calculated on the vertex curve formed by the measured values ​​of the measured values ​​of the track, which corresponds to the actual position of the track. Since the actual position of the rear part of the frame can also be found with the angle measuring device, it is also possible, by creating a difference, to easily and reliably calculate the offset values ​​necessary for controlling the working units.

Preferably, the angle measuring device is formed by a rope tension potentiometer located in the articulation area and connected to both parts of the frame for recording the actual angle of the frame with respect to the horizontal plane.

Preferably, the angle measuring device has a second cable tension potentiometer interconnecting both frame parts in a vertical direction to register the twist between the two frame parts.

The method according to the invention for determining the track position values ​​of the track values ​​relating to the deflection arrows for the side track position and / or the longitudinal track gradient for the vertical track position, in order to recreate the track position immediately after

Due to its destruction depending on the influence of working units, the working units are located, in relation to the working direction of the machine, on the rear part of the frame, which is connected to the front part of the frame through a hinge, characterized by first determining the actual track position by continuously measuring the deflection arrow and / or longitudinal track gradient in the area of ​​the front part of the frame with a reference system measuring device, then the vertex curve corresponding to the actual track position is calculated and included in the coordinate system dependent on the track path, based on the values ​​of the measured track values ​​determined by the measuring wheelset, further the calculated position of the machine frame is plotted on the vertex curve for three points, the articulation and both adjacent rail carriages and thus the theoretical predetermined position of the rear part of the frame in relation to the apex curve, the predetermined frame angle between the theoretical predetermined position of the rear part of the frame and the front part of the frame is calculated, and then the actual position of the rear part of the frame in relation to the apex curve, based on the actual angle of the frame determined by the angle measuring device, determines the control quantity for the working unit by differentiating the theoretical and actual position of the rear part of the frame, and then powering the drive performs a relative displacement of the working unit with respect to the rear part of the frame, according to the determined control quantity.

The invention is further elucidated on the basis of the drawing in which Fig. 1 shows a simplified side view of a crushed stone cleaning machine with a reference system measuring side track position errors for controlling working units, Fig. 2 - a coordinate system formed by measuring deflection arrows apex curve, fig. 3 - further machine intended for track reconstruction, fig. 4 - a schematic simplified representation of the angle measuring device.

The machine 1 shown in Fig. 1 has a machine frame 3 supported on rails running on rails 2. The machine frame 3 consists of a front frame part 5, in relation to the working direction (arrow 4), and a rear frame part 7 connected to it by an articulation. the rear part of the frame 7 there are various working units 8 in the form of a scraper chain 9, as well as devices for lifting the track 10. The working units 8 are adjustable by drives 11 relative to the rear part of the frame 7. The crushed stone, poured onto the bedding layer by means of an endless scraper chain 9, is transferred to the sieve wagon, not shown for the sake of simplicity, via a belt conveyor, coupled to the rear part of the frame 7, there cleaned and thrown onto the track 14 or freely by a system of belt conveyors 13. applied planum to restore track ballast.

On the front part of the frame 5 there is a reference system 15 for registering lateral position errors of the actual track position. This reference system 15 consists of a longitudinally extending track in the transverse direction, made of a steel chord (string), a linear reference reference element 16, a rolled gauge wheel set 17 as the measuring axis and connected to the track 14. with him measuring device 18. This measuring device 18 comprises a linear potentiometer moveable in the lateral direction of the machine to record the relative offset between the measuring wheelset 17 and the linear reference element 16. Rolled on a track 14 by means of rollers with a rim 19 and attached to the front part of the frame 5, the measuring wheelset 17 is, by means of a drive not shown, pressed against one of the rails of the track 14 in the transverse direction of the machine, so that, excluding tolerances, track gauge, follow the exact side course of the track. A distance measuring device 20 is provided to record the road section 1 covered by the machine. In order to record the actual frame angle β (FIG. 2) between the two parts of the machine 5, 7 - in relation to a horizontal plane or parallel to the contact points of the wheels of the rail trolley - a device for measuring the angle 21 is provided in the joint area 6. If, in addition to recording the lateral position of the track, it is desired to also record the vertical position of the track in parallel, an additional setup of the angle measuring device 21 is necessary for recording the vertical angle with respect to the vertical plane between the two parts of the machine frame 5, 7.

The coordinate system in Fig. 2 shows on the x-axis the track x recorded by the track measuring device 20 of machine 1, and on the y-axis of the lateral track position (direction errors) of the vertex curve 22 representing the actual track position. From the 5 arrows measured by the measuring device 18 of the reference system 15 on the front part of the frame, it will bend4

In connection with the dashed lines of the traverse 23 shown, the vertex curve 22 of the track 14 can be approximated.

The distance between the pivot pins of the two front rail carriages 2 for supporting the front part of the frame 5 is 12 meters. The measuring wheelset 17 is centrally located between the two rail bogies 2, so that the measurement of the deflection arrow takes place at intervals of 6 m (hence the polygon length is 6 m). The distance between the rotating pivots of two rear rail bogies supporting the rear part of the frame is 24 m, which significantly simplifies the development of appropriate calculation formulas for determining the control quantities for working units6. Before starting work, the length of the machine should be measured up to the workplace (which is 36 m), so that an apex curve 22 is formed on the basis of the resulting five deflection arrows f (FIG. 2). The hinge 6 of the two frame parts 5, 7 lies, on the basis of the geometry described, on the vertex curve 22 exactly at the point y3, the front pivot point 24 of the machine frame 3 at the point y3. The rear pivot of the bogie of the rear part of the machine 7 is marked with the reference numeral 25. The reference β indicates the actual angle of the frame between the two parts of the frame and the actual angle of the frame determined by the angle measuring device 21. The angle α2 means the predetermined frame angle comprised between the theoretical predetermined position of the rear frame part 7 and the front frame part 5 in the form of inclination k2.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, during the working forward movement of the machine 1, the deflection arrows f1, f2, f3 ... are continuously registered with reference system 15 at intervals of 6 m. As soon as a total of five deflection arrows fw are known. within machine 1, the vertex curve 22 can be approximated from the traverse 23. The position of the machine 1 is included in this vertex curve 22, with the joint 6 at the exact point y3. Since the front part of the frame 5 is always in the actual position of the track, both the articulation 6 and the front spigot of the carriage 24 lie on an apex curve. A further known quantity is the length of the rear part of the frame 7. From this data, a theoretical predetermined position (indicated by dashed line 26) of the rear part of the frame 7, at which the rear spigot of the bogie 25 must lie on the vertex curve 22, can be calculated very simply.

From the theoretical predetermined position of the rear frame part 7, a predetermined frame angle Δα between the front frame part 5 can be determined, which is deliberately given in the form of the inclination (angular coefficient) k. The actual frame angle β, which can be determined with the angle measuring device 21, can also be expediently specify the slope Δy / Δx. The deviation (deviation) or incorrect position of the rear part of the frame 7 in relation to the theoretical set position can be given by creating the difference between the actual frame angle β and the set frame angle Δα or the actual and set inclination (k1, k2) of the rear part of the frame 7. Lateral deviation from the set position , for example, at the rear spigot of the bogie 25 then it is created simply by multiplying the difference in slope by the length of the machine. By correspondingly supplying the drive 11, compaction is carried out in relation to the rear part of the frame 7 until the working unit 8 is in the preset position (corresponding to the previous actual position existing before the working application of the working unit 8 to reproduce the actual track position measured in the front part of the frame 5).

The calculation formulas are still given.

For the y-value of vertex curve 22, the following formulas result:

<td>yi = 2 fi</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>y2 = 2 · (2fi</td><td> +</td><td>f2)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>y3 = 2 · (3fi</td><td> +</td><td>2f2</td><td> +</td><td>f3)</td><td></td>

<td>y4 = 2 · (4fi</td><td> +</td><td>3f2</td><td> +</td><td>2f3 +</td><td>f4)</td>

<td>y5 = 2 · (5fi</td><td> +</td><td>4f2</td><td> +</td><td>3f3 +</td><td>2f4 + f5)</td>

For the slope difference Δk = Δy / Δx the following formulas result (exactly when the new deflection arrow is measured at 6 m):

Dk (Da) = k₂ (and₂) - k₁ (and₁) = — - ——&gt;³

2s p ³&gt;3 ^{- 2}&gt;5

2s where s = length of the front part of the frame 5, 2s = length of the rear part of the frame 7.

PL 192 536 B1

When driving further between the two measured deflection arrows f, the following interpolation formulas were used (x - path, always from 0 to 6 m):

y'3 = y'3 + 2x y4^- y'3 s

y'5 = 2 (5f1 + 4f2 + 3f3 + 2f4 + f''5 (x))

Dk =³y'3 2s

For the slopes to be independent of units, the deflection arrows, chords and places must be substituted into the formulas in the same units, for example in (m).

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a machine 1 which is intended for track reconstruction. For the sake of simplicity, functionally identical parts are designated with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1. The frame of the machine 3 is also two-part, with the front part of the frame 5 being connected via a hinge 6 to the rear part of the frame 7. The front frame part 5 is equipped with a reference system 15, a linear reference reference element 16, as well as a measuring wheelset 17 for recording the lateral position of the track 14. A device for measuring the angle 21 is provided on the joint 6. The rear frame part 7 rests on its own. the rear end through a tracked carriage 21 on a planed layer of ballast 28. The working units 8 used include a planing device 29 that can be adjusted in height and sideways, as well as a device 34 for placing new sleepers 30. A further device 31 is used to receive the old sleepers 32. In order to reproduce the position of the track, it is also possible to supply the drives 33 for driving the tracked carriage 27 in dependence on the control quantity determined by the reference system 15 and the angle measuring device 21, since the working units 8 are also automatically centered by steering the track carriage 27.

The angle measuring device 21 shown in simplified and enlarged FIG. 4 has a rope tension potentiometer 35 situated in the area of ​​the hinge 6i connected to both parts of the frame 5, in order to thereby determine the actual angle of the frame (β) with respect to the horizontal plane. For the combination of the mutual twisting of the two frame parts 5, 7, a rope tension potentiometer 36 extending vertically and connecting the two frame parts 5, 7 is provided.

The linear base element with reference 16 in an embodiment could naturally be in the form of a laser beam. Also, instead of the hinge 6, a normal wagon coupler could also be used to connect the two frame parts 5, 7.