Method of establishing a radio link communication

The present invention relates to a method for establishing a radio connection between at least two users of a digital radio relay network.

Methods of the type in question are known in connection with radiocommunication networks, such as, for example, C, D1, D2 and E-plus mobile radiocommunication networks. To this end, known radio communication networks have stationary radio communication devices in the form of relay stations. Establishing a radio link is carried out by means of external connection processes as part of external management of the radio communication network. The location of the network users and the establishment of a connection between the network users and the establishment of a connection between the network users are performed in these mobile telecommunication networks by means of a central connecting device.

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In the case of establishing a radio link, central relay stations play a fundamental role, because by dividing the area of ​​the radio communication network into individual network cells they are in constant mutual contact with network users. In this way, each relay station always knows the whereabouts of the network user thanks to his feedback to the relay station and then on to the network central office.

When establishing a radio connection between two network users, they are first located via a central connection process. The radio link between the network users is then calculated or established and then established. In this connection, temporarily computing or establishing a connecting path via possible partial connections is known as "Routing".

Known methods are used between mobile radiocommunication devices and stationary relay stations of the respective network cells of known radiocommunication networks. Thus, in the case of known radiocommunication networks, it is essential that external and central management methods are applicable, which are generally used by an external operating station, for example a central operating computer, in addition to the individual mobile radiocommunication devices or radiocommunication terminal equipment.

With the known methods for establishing a radio link within known radiocommunication networks, the problem is that stationary transmitters or relay stations are constantly required to establish a radio signal. It follows that in the case of the arrangement or construction of a new radiocommunication network of a known type, the surface-covering network of fixed relay stations must first be built. In such a solution, connecting new users requires changes in the network layout.

A relay radiocommunication network in which the method according to the invention can be applied is known from German patent application 195 35 021. 9. It describes a relay radiocommunication network which consists of individual mobile radiocommunication devices serving both as terminal and relay. Due to the assignment of the position designation according to the invention, the network users in the known radio relay network can be addressed as a function of location and direction and can be connected to the target orientation or to the targeted orientation.

The German patent application 196 08 846.1 describes an avalanche of re-transmission of radio signals. The radio signals can be time-synchronized signals that are rapidly forwarded by all the relays in the relay radiocommunication network. Avalanche retransmission occurs in the case of the procedure of establishing radio connections, without switching the relay. In this case, each radio transmitter transmits independently and all the radio signal transmitters transmit successively, for example at a predetermined time or after a certain time interval. Multiple signals for one network user can be eliminated.

EP 0 459 236 (A1) discloses a system for establishing radio links with optical visibility between mobile transceiver stations and other mobile or stationary transceiver stations in a fixed working area. In the mobile stations, before establishing the radio link, the electromagnetic field attenuation between the two stations is calculated by entering the instantaneous coordinates of the calling station and the called station into the station computer, based on the geographic and topographic data stored in the stations memory.

EP 0 663 737 (A2) discloses a communication method in a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) telecommunication system comprising a plurality of mobile stations that communicate directly without the use of infrastructure using the same coding scheme, modulation scheme and channel definitions. as in the main TDMA telecommunication system including communication between mobile stations over the radio infrastructure.

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GB 2285724 (A) discloses a method for selecting an available telecommunications resource for communications in a TDMA system having a plurality of mobile stations that communicate directly without infrastructure using the same coding scheme, modulation scheme and channel definition as in the main TDMA telecommunications system. covering communication between mobile stations via the radio infrastructure.

WO 94/29995 discloses a cellular telephone comprising a first receiving portion for receiving telecommunications signals from a cellular base station, a transmitter for sending telecommunications signals to a cellular base station, and a second receiving portion for receiving telecommunications signals composed of positional information defining the geographic location of a remote cellular telephone. .

A method for establishing a radio link between at least two users of a digital radio relay network, in which individual network users are assigned individual location-dependent position markers, thereby determining the position of all network users in relation to each other, according to the invention, it is distinguished by a comparison, for the network user who is triggered when establishing the radio link between the source user and the target user serving as a relay, his own positioning tag and the source user and target user position tag, based on his own known position tag, target user position tag and marking the position of the source user or possibly the previous relay and retransmission is performed, if its own position flag is more like that of the target user than that of the position of the source user or the previous relay, otherwise no retransmission is performed, the transmission in the latter case being continued with the source user or the previous relay.

The position tag assigned to a network user is preferably stored for the respective network user.

In a preferred embodiment, the position is determined in relation to radio signal transmitters which emit radio signals with a predetermined location.

It is preferred that at least three radio signal transmitters are arranged.

The radio signals are preferably sent from the radio signal transmitters at certain times or intervals.

The radio signal transmitters distributed over the area of ​​the radio communication network are preferably located at the edge of the area of ​​the radio communication network.

The radio signals received by network users are preferably transmitted directly by radio signal transmitters or transmitted through other network users.

The radio signals of the radio transmitters are preferably passed on in an avalanche by the network users serving as repeaters.

The radio signals of the radio signal transmitters are preferably forwarded on subsequent transmission with a delay determined by the transmitter or with a predetermined delay.

The radio signals of the radio signal transmitters are preferably subjected to location-dependent and / or direction-dependent manipulation of their information content during onward transmission in the area of ​​the radio communication network.

The radio signals of the radio signal transmitters are preferably subjected to a site-dependent and / or direction-dependent run-time delay during onward transmission in the area of ​​the radio communication network.

In the radio signals of radio transmitters, further information of the transmitters is preferably transmitted during transmission by network users.

The radio signals of different radio signal transmitters are preferably distinguished physically with respect to a different radio frequency and / or a different logical code.

183 170 and / or different information content and / or different duration and / or different sending order.

The radio signals of the radio signal transmitters are preferably subjected to a location-dependent and / or direction-dependent change of the numerical arguments which contain the radio signals by further counting by the respective relays during further transmission in the area of ​​the radio communication network.

Preferably, satellites of the Ground-Positioning-System (GPS) type are used as the radio signal transmitters.

The positioning tag preferably consists of geographic position data obtained via GPS.

The position designator numeric sequence preferably consists of the numerical values ​​of the time differences of the various radio signals of the numeric signal transmitters with respect to each other or with respect to a specific reference radio signal when received by network users.

In a preferred embodiment, the numerical sequence of the position designator consists of the numerical values ​​of the numerical arguments, especially the step numbers, during the subsequent transmission of the various radio signals of the radio transmitters.

It is preferred that the numeric sequence of the position reference consists of the numerical values ​​of the geographic position data, especially longitude and latitude, which are received by network users. The position markings are preferably assigned to the network users at their reception point as addresses in the area of ​​the radio network.

The position markings preferably form a site-dependent and direction-dependent pattern of the position marks.

When starting the radio link, the desired target users are preferably addressed with these position tags or addresses via the network users.

The comparative and / or decision procedure is preferably based on a comparison of the similarity of the position markings, in particular a decision procedure based on fuzzy logic.

Upon power-up of the radio link, the positioning or geographic position data of the source user is preferably transferred automatically from the source user to the target user.

An advantage of the method for establishing a radio connection according to the invention is that the establishment of a radio signal is also possible in a simple manner without stationary repeater stations.

Due to the relative positioning, it is possible to establish a radio link in steps, from network user to network user. It is no longer necessary to place separate stationary relay stations. To establish a radio link, the source user only needs to know his own position tag and the target user's position tag. The establishment of the radio link is then carried out by downstream network users existing between the source user and the target user who, thanks to their own position markers, can forward a targeted radio signal sent by the source user.

According to the invention, the location of the network user and the establishing of the radio path between the network users are not carried out accurately by means of fixed repeater stations and fixed cells of the radio communication network. The direction of the radio path to the desired target user when establishing a radio link is predetermined in accordance with the general direction by the establishment of consecutive radio partial paths step by step by downstream network users. During the establishment or activation of a radio link, the radio link is not yet definitively established until the last partial radio path is established. This may result in the fact that several partial radio paths can be selected simultaneously and multi-directional propagation or the establishment of multiple parallel radio links will occur.

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An advantage of the invention is that it is possible to distinguish radio signals from the various radio transmitters particularly easily. During further transmission, the radio signals of the radio signal transmitters are forwarded with a delay determined by the transmitter or with a predetermined delay. As a result, the resolution of the received radio signals is significantly improved, the transmitters of radio signals spatially adjacent, but transmitted by different network users.

Radio signal transmitters can send radio signals at certain intervals, e.g. monthly, or at much shorter intervals.

Basically, it is important that network users can clearly identify which radio signal transmitter the received radio signal comes from.

Each transmitter that receives the radio signals of the various radio transmitters in a certain time order thereby receives a sequence of signals depending on the location of the receiver. Based on the time intervals of incoming radio signals, you can clearly determine the location of the receiver. The position tags assigned to the network users arise due to relay delays, depending on the location and direction within the network area.

If there are, for example, three radio signal transmitters, the radio signal from the first radio signal transmitter, taking into account the relay delays, can reach the given network user after 1 sec, the radio signal from the second radio signal transmitter - after 3 sec, and the radio signal from the third radio signal transmitter after 5 sec. This can be used to create an item number 1-3-5.

A further possibility to create a position mark is achieved by a number-dependent increase of the numerical value or numerical arguments within the radio signal. In other words, for each transmission of the respective radio signal, the numerical value is increased by, for example, 1. If there are e.g. three radio transmitters, the position designation may consist of the number of transmissions of the respective radio signal as follows. For example, if the first radio signal has triggered three broadcasts in succession, the second radio signal has ten broadcasts, and the third radio signal has triggered twenty broadcasts, then the item number 3-10-20 is obtained. The radio signals of the radio signal transmitters are thus subject to a location-dependent and / or direction-dependent change of the numerical arguments containing the radio signals during further transmission in the area of ​​the radio communication network by further counting by the respective repeaters. In other words, a location and direction dependent variation in the sequence of positions is obtained, with each relay counting or further counting the number of steps chronologically during transmission and changing or including it in the sender's signal as part of the information. In this case, these position markings are created in the area of ​​the network due to the number of steps further counted, depending on the location and direction.

A third possibility of determining the position is obtained when the radio signal transmitters are Ground-Positioning-System (GPS) satellites. In doing so, network users perceive their absolute geographical position as signals. Then the positioning tag consists only of the geographic position data received via GPS.

In order to perform positioning by means of GPS, the computer equipment must be more expensive than for receiving from radio signal transmitters located in the network. However, this system makes the avalanche design of the position designation system unnecessary, and thus significantly relieves the net. The use of GPS for the location of network users allows for high spatial resolution, thanks to which it is also possible to determine the position of the network user in emergency situations, in order to provide help by auxiliary services, emergency services, etc. Thanks to this, it is easy to directly bring this type of support to the place of stay.

As already mentioned above, the radio signals of the radio signal transmitters, when received by network users, produce a specific site specific temporal sequence in the form of a positional sequence to form a position tag. It is important here that the individual network users do not receive the radio signal sent by the radio signal transmitter more than once, e.g. via a plurality of repeaters. This

183 170 would make it impossible to obtain a unique position designation. A known radio reception procedure can be used to eliminate the occurrence of such multiple signals at one network user.

Preferably the item mark is a numerical index comparable to a postal code. The creation of such a numerical indicator has already been described above. A numeric pointer consists of a string and / or a numeric string that is derived directly from the positional sequence. In this case, the numerical sequence of the numerical indicator consists of the numerical values ​​of the time differences of the various radio signals of the numerical transmitters with respect to each other and with respect to the specific reference signal of the radio signals when received by network users.

Alternatively, the numerical sequence of the numerical indicator consists of the numerical values ​​of the numerical arguments, in particular the number of steps, during the subsequent transmission of the various radio signals of the radio signal transmitters. In a further alternative, the numerical sequence of the indicator consists of the numerical values ​​of the geographic position data, especially the longitude and latitude, which are received by network users. These numerical indicators are assigned to the network users at their reception point as addresses in the area of ​​the radio communication network. In this way, the numeric pointers form a place-dependent and direction-dependent pattern of number pointers. When a radio link is established or a radio link is established, the network users address the desired target users with these numeric pointers or addresses.

It is essential for the establishment of a radio link that the users know their own position tag as well as the source user and target user position tags. Then, the network user, raised during the establishment of the radio signal between the source user and the target user serving as the relay, compares his numeric index, the target user numeric index, and the source user numeric index or possibly the previous repeater, and then decides whether to perform further transmission. In other words, the user of the network or the relay compares the source relay designation and his own designation with each other. In doing so, the relay checks whether its own position reference is more similar to that of the target user than the position reference of the source relay. If it does, it forwards, otherwise transmission through it no longer continues. In the case of its onward transmission, the relay is closer to the target user than its source relay. There is no point in forwarding via the relay as it is further away from the target user than the respective source relay. In the latter case, the source relay itself passes on. Thanks to this principle, the desired radio connection can be established successively.

The comparative and / or decision-making procedure consists in comparing the similarity of numerical indicators, especially in the decision-making procedure based on fuzzy logic.

In order to create alternative connection paths and hence particularly reliable connection establishment, multidirectional propagation could be created when the radio connection is switched on.

When GPS is used to assign a position tag to network users, the position tag or numerical indicator consists, for example, of longitude and latitude. Upon activation of the radio link, the source user's positioning and / or numeric or geographic position data is or is transferred automatically from the source user to the target user.

As a result, an automatic notification of auxiliary and / or emergency devices, for example ADAC (Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobilclub), is realized. This enables the source user to be detected more easily, for example in an emergency where

183 170 the source user does not know his exact position, or cannot communicate it due to nervousness or health failure. Such automatic position detection in the event of a radio connection being established can also be provided in known radio network systems. This can be realized, for example, by embedding a GPS chip in a conventional mobile phone.

According to the invention, the method for establishing a radio link can also be used in the case of conventional mobile radiocommunication networks of the above-mentioned type, whereby by appropriate marking of the position of the network users, it is possible to dispense with the use of fixed transmitters. Thus, no central network management is necessary.

An embodiment of the method is described below regarding the comparison of the similarity that must be performed by an excited relay in order to decide whether the radio connection is to be further established via it or it is preferable to interrupt the connection establishment thereon.

First, the source user sends his radio call to establish a connection with the desired A parameters of the radio call to the relay surrounding of his transmit / receive area or contract area. The parameters A, as part of the source designation A2, contain the sequence of the items or the item designation A₂q: (qi · ..., q_n), and as the share of the target user designation Al - designation of the Al item: (zp .., z_n). These position sequences or position markers consist of a time interval sequence or a step number sequence or a sequence of geographic parameters or position data of signal transmitters associated with the Earth or a satellite. The target user Al designation is known to the source user or user from some kind of phone book, with all the target user location designations. Such a directory may be in the form of electronic storage at the source user. The phone book is updated after each assignment process of a reference. This allocation process can take place daily, hourly, or at even shorter intervals. The method will be explained in the following, for example, only with parameters q_n with_n step numbers. It can also be used for the types of reference already mentioned. Each application can be tested with regard to technical or economic aspects.

Now the energized, attained relays compare each position with_n a numeric indicator or designation of the target user Aj with the corresponding qzn position of the own numeric indicator A₂q and with the corresponding qq position_n numerical indicator A.₂q the source user or the previous relay. For this purpose, the arithmetic sequence difference of the step numbers Dai, a ^ z, D is created_ANDi, A2Q of the sequence between the step number sequences Ai and Ajz, A₂q.

Dai, a2z: (^^) = Dai, a2z: (zi -qzi, z_n-qzn)

DAi, A2_Q: (dn 'j ⁼ Dai, A₂q: (zi - qQi., ...., z_n-qQn)

Differences d_n are mapped with na function F, and the mappings F (d_n) are summed in S.

F (d_n) = 1 for the value (d_n^{AI, A2z}) <values ​​(d_n^{A1, A2Q})

F (d_n) = 0 for the value (d_n^{A1, A2z}) = values ​​(d_n^{AI, A2Q})

F (d_n) = 1 for the value (d_n^{A1, A2z})> values ​​(d_n^{AI, A2Q})

The sum of the S values ​​of the function F (d_n) the sequence of differences for step number differences

S - Sum_n= 0 to n = s (F (dn)) then provides a measure for the relay's decision to forward the source user's radio call. The limit s of the summation index is then the number of radio signal transmitters used in the area of ​​the radio communication network. In case of a positive value of the sum S, the relay will in principle be able to forward the radio call. This will not be the case with a neutral or negative value of S. If the relays give back their result from comparing the numeric indices to each source, that is, the source user or the previous relay, then the source user or the previous relay may select a relay capable of

183 170 knows the greatest value of the measure and select intentionally to transmit a radio call under one-way propagation. If in each case the achievable relay with the highest decision value in transmission is selected, then a particularly spatially desirable connection establishment arises, without the occurrence of multidirectional propagation.

Thanks to this method of establishing a radio link, it is possible to avoid an avalanche of radio contact. The establishment of radio contact is rather spatially oriented. It can be shaped depending on the decision-making procedure as multidirectional propagation or as deliberate one-way propagation. For this radio link establishment method, the source user only needs to know the position reference of the target user.

The target user position tag is renewed or changed upon re-transmission of the radio signal, and is communicated to the relays and the source user on the radio link already turned on.

In the method according to the invention, the addressing can be combined in a radio relay network with an address share specific to the network user and with an address share specific for the site.

The subject matter of the invention also supports existing radio connections with mobile network users. If the mobile network user is reached in the initial radio contact, then he is simultaneously located because the position mark or numeric index is communicated to the radiocommunication in the form of a protocol. This enables network users to calculate or extrapolate the evolution of the designation of the position characteristics or numerical indexes and route the radio link by addressing the numeric markers to the next target user.

The problem of the user's movement in the network and therefore the possibly necessary correction of the section of the radio link can be avoided by the fact that the network user has a telecommunications device that consists of a stationary repeater and a mobile end device. In this case, the relay could be provided with a position marking and individually close the radio link path to the terminal device, despite the movement of the terminal device. Thus, the repeater would constitute a permanent fixed address point for radio connections in the sense of a parent repeater.

It should be particularly emphasized that any arbitrarily mentioned embodiments of the position reference allocation serve only to explain the essence of the invention, but not to limit it to these embodiments.

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