Glass panel exhibiting antisolar properties for glazing windows and method of making same

The present invention relates to a glazing pane with solar control properties and a method of manufacturing such a pane.

Reflective, transparent, solar control panes have become useful materials for architects to use on the exterior facades of buildings. Such panes make an aesthetic impression, reflecting the close surroundings, and because they are available in many colors, they create great design possibilities. Such glazing is also technically advantageous because it provides building occupants with protection from solar radiation through reflection and / or absorption, and by eliminating the glare effects of intense solar radiation and providing an effective shield against bright light, increasing optical comfort and reducing eye fatigue.

From a technical point of view, it is desirable that too much of the total incident solar radiation does not pass through the glazing, so that the interior of the building does not overheat in sunny weather. The transmission of total incident solar radiation can be determined by the "solar factor". The term "solar coefficient" as used herein means the sum of the total energy directly transmitted and the energy that has been absorbed and re-radiated on the other side of the glazing as part of the total radiant energy incident on the coated glazing.

Another important application for reflective, transparent, solar control glazing is in vehicle glazing, particularly in cars or railroad cars, where the goal is to protect passengers from solar radiation. In this case, the main energy factor taken into account is Total Direct Transmitted Energy (TE), since the energy that is internally absorbed and re-emitted is dissipated by vehicle motion. Thus, in the case of vehicle glazing, it is a prime objective that they have a low TE value.

The properties of the coated substrate as discussed herein are based on the standard definitions of the International Commission on Illumination-Commission Internationale de 1'Eclairage ("CIE").

The standard illuminants quoted here are: CIE Illuminant C and Illuminant A. Illuminant C represents average daylight with a color temperature of 6,700 ° K. Illuminant A is Planck heat radiation at approximately 2856 K.

"Light transmission coefficient" (TL) is the luminous flux transmitted through a substrate, expressed as a percentage of the incident flux.

"Light reflectance" (RL) is the luminous flux reflected from a substrate, expressed as a percentage of the incident flux.

The "selectivity" of coated glass for building glazing is the ratio of the light transmission factor to the solar factor (TL / FS).

The "purity" (p) of a substrate color refers to the excitation purity as measured by Illuminant C. It is specified on a linear scale where a specific white light source has a purity of zero and a pure color has a purity of 100%. The purity of the coated substrate is measured on the opposite side of the coating.

"Refractive Index" (n) is defined in CIE International Lighting Vocabulary, 1987, p. 138.

"Dominant wavelength" (Zd) means the peak wavelength in terms of transmission or reflection by a coated substrate.

"Emissivity" (ε) means the ratio of the energy emitted by a given surface at a given temperature to that of a perfect emitter (black body with emissivity 1.0) at the same temperature.

Many technologies for producing coatings on a glassy substrate are known, including pyrolysis. Pyrolysis generally has the advantage of producing a hard coating that eliminates the need for a protective layer. The pyrolytic coatings have good anti-corrosion properties and good abrasion resistance. This is believed to be related in particular to the deposition process of the coating material on the hot substrate. In general, pyrolysis is cheaper than alternative vacuum sputtering processes.

179 769 and especially in terms of industrial investment. Deposition of the coatings by other techniques, such as, for example, by vacuum sputtering, leads to products with very different properties, in particular lower abrasion resistance and random different refractive indices.

A great variety of glass coating materials have been proposed, and with many different desired glazing properties. Tin oxide, SnOi, is commonly used, often in combination with other materials such as metal oxides.

GB 1,455,148 relates to a method of pyrolytically forming a coating on a substrate of one or more oxides, primarily by spraying metal or silicon compounds, to modify the light transmission and / or reflection from the substrate or to impart antistatic or electrical conductivity properties. Examples of specific oxides include ZrO₂, SnOj, Sb2O3, T1O2, CO3O4, C1-4, S1O2, and mixtures thereof. Tin oxide (SnO2) is considered to be beneficial because of its hardness and antistatic or electrical conductivity. GB 2,078,213 relates to a sequential spraying method for pyrolytically forming a coating on a glassy substrate, in particular using tin oxide and indium oxide as the main components of the coating. When the precoating metal used is tin chloride, it is preferably admixed with a precursor selected from ammonium bifluoride and antimony chloride to increase the electrical conductivity of the coating.

It is also known that if the tin oxide coating is produced by SnCU pyrolysis, the presence of an impurity such as antimony chloride SbCl₅, directly mixed with tin chloride, SnCU, improves the absorption and reflection of some of the solar radiation in the near infrared.

The object of the present invention is a pyrolytically produced solar control glazing unit.

We have found that this and other useful purposes can be achieved by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a pyrolytic coating involving tin and antimony oxides with a specific relationship to one another.

Thus, a first aspect of the present invention relates to a glazing unit consisting of a glass substrate supporting a tin / antimony oxide coating layer containing tin and antimony in an Sb / Sn molar ratio of 0.01-0.5, said layer the coatings are pyrolytically produced by chemical vapor deposition and the coated substrate thus has a solar factor FS of less than 70%.

Preferably, the substrate is in the form of a ribbon of a vitreous material such as glass or other rigid, transparent material. Considering that part of the incident solar radiation is absorbed by the glass, especially in an environment where it is exposed to strong and long-term solar radiation, which has the effect of heating the glass, this may in turn require that the glass be toughened beforehand. However, the durability of the coating allows the glazing to be mounted with the coated side outwards, thus reducing the heating effect.

Preferably, the substrate is made of colorless glass, although the invention also encompasses the use of colored glass as the substrate.

The Sb / Sn molar ratio in the coating layer is preferably at least 0.03 and most preferably at least 0.05, which provides a high level of absorption. On the other hand, said ratio is preferably less than 0.21 in order to obtain a high value of the light transmission coefficient (TL ·). The most preferred ratio is less than 0.15 because above this level the coating layer exhibits excessive absorption coupled with a low selectivity.

The coated substrates of the present invention have a favorable light reflectance (RL) of less than 11%. The low level of light reflection from building glass is highly appreciated by architects. This avoids the blinding glare of the glass in close proximity to the building.

It may be useful to prevent an interaction between the substrate glass and the tin / antimony oxide coating layer. For example, it was found to be pyrolytically formed

179 In 769, the tin oxide coating of tin chloride on soda-lime glass, sodium chloride formed by the reaction of the glass with the pre-coating material or its reaction products, tends to penetrate the coating, leading to fogging of the coating.

Thus, preferably, an intermediate haze reducing layer is provided between the substrate and the tin / antimony oxide coating layer. The haze-reducing layer may be pyrolytically formed in an incomplete oxidation state by contacting the substrate in the subcoating chamber with the subcoating precursor material in the presence of insufficient oxygen to fully oxidize the subcoating material. The expression "under-oxidized material" as used herein means an oxide with a lower valency of a multivalent element (for example, VO2 or TiO), as well as an oxide that contains oxygen "holes" in the structure: an example of the latter is SiO_x, where x is a number less than 2, which may have the general structure S1O2 but has some "holes" that could be filled with oxygen in the dioxide.

Preferably, the haze-reducing coating layer consists of silicon oxide with a geometric thickness of about 100 nm. The presence of a silicon oxide subcoating on the soda-lime glass inhibits the migration of sodium ions from the glass, either by diffusion or otherwise into the tin / antimony oxide coating layer, during the formation of the outer coating or during subsequent high temperature heat treatment.

Alternatively, the subcoating may be an "antireflection" subcoating, such as an oxidized aluminum / vanadium layer as described in GB 2,248,243.

The glazing panes of the present invention have a solar factor of less than 70%, preferably less than 60% and in some cases less than 50%. If the panes of the present invention are positioned with the coated surface outwards, i.e. towards the energy source, then they should preferably have a solar factor of less than 60%. In general, orienting the coated surface towards the light source improves the solar factor compared to the opposite. In those parts of the world where there is a lot of sunshine, it is necessary to use glass with a solar factor of less than 50% in buildings. In the case of vehicle roofs, an even lower solar factor may be desirable.

One of the methods ensuring a low solar factor is the commonly used colored glass, both in building and vehicle windows. When comparing the effectiveness of the coating layers, the different types of glass to which the coating is applied should be taken into account. Thus, in one example of the present invention, a coating on a clear glass gives a solar factor of 63%, while an identical coating on green glass produces a solar factor of 44.5%.

It is also desirable that the glazing also transmits a reasonable proportion of visible radiation to produce natural lighting inside a building or vehicle and to provide users with good visibility outside. Thus, it is desirable to increase the selectivity of the coating, i.e. to increase the ratio of the light transmission to the solar factor. In fact, it is preferable to achieve the maximum selectivity possible.

In general, it is preferred that the Light Transmission Index (TL) of the glazing of the present invention is 40-65%. However, a glass with a light transmission factor of less than 40% can be used as a roof glass in vehicles.

Preferably, the tin / antimony oxide coating is 100-500 nm thick. Thick tin / antimony oxide layers, and especially those with a low Sb / Sn molar ratio, can provide a quick advantageous combination of a low solar factor with low emissivity. Another way to obtain this combination is to deposit, on the tin / antimony oxide layer of the present invention, a low emissivity tin oxide layer doped with, for example, fluorine. However, this is not convenient as it requires another layer to be deposited, which is time consuming and costly.

In general, another way to achieve the combination of low solar factor and low emissivity is to form a tin / antimony oxide layer doped with an agent such as fluorine. For example, GB patent specification 2200139

179 769 relates to a method of producing a pyrolytic tin oxide layer by spraying with a solution which, apart from the tin precursor, additionally contains compounds, as a result of which the resulting coating will contain fluorine and at least one of the elements: antimony, arsenic, vanadium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, tungsten , tellurium and manganese.

Thus, for example, a coating can be formed from reagents containing tin, antimony and fluorine in a ratio of Sb / Sn = 0.028, F / Sn = 0.04. However, the presence of fluorine has been found to hinder the penetration of antimony into the coating more than it effectively reduces the emissivity. For example, reagents containing antimony and tin in a ratio of Sb / Sn = 0.028 give a coating with a ratio of Sb / Sn = 0.057, while the same reagents with the addition of a fluorine-containing reagent in an amount such that the ratio F / Sn = 0.04. they give a coating with an Sb / Sn ratio of about 0.038.

The present invention has the advantage that a Solar Coefficient (FS) of less than 60%, an emissivity of less than 0.4 (preferably less than 0.3) and a Light Transmission Coefficient (TL) of greater than 60% are simultaneously achieved. Thus, the coated product fulfills two important functions. In winter, it retains heat in the building due to its low emissivity. In summer, it prevents the penetration of solar heat into the building due to the low solar factor, which prevents the building from overheating. This is achieved in particular by using coatings with an Sb / Sn ratio between 0.01 and 0.12, in particular 0.03-0.07, and a thickness of 100-500 nm, for example 250-450 runes.

Preferably, the tin / antimony oxide layer is an outward facing layer and the glazing has only one such tin / antimony oxide layer.

However, in order to achieve some desirable optical properties, one or more further layers may be applied, either by pyrolysis or by other coating methods. It should be noted, however, that the tin / antimony oxide layer produced by pyrolysis has sufficient mechanical durability and chemical resistance to be a suitable outward facing layer.

The panes according to the present invention may be installed individually or as sets. Although the coated side of the glass can be mounted as the inside of the glass so that the coating is not exposed to changing weather conditions which can shorten its life very quickly due to contamination, physical damage and / or oxidation, the coatings produced by pyrolysis can be exposed to weathering due to its greater mechanical resistance than coatings produced by other methods. The coatings of the present invention can be used in glued glazing, for example when the surface is coated with the inner surface of the outer layer.

In a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of making a glazing pane having a tin / antimony oxide layer prepared by chemically depositing vapors from a mixture of reactants on a vitreous substrate, said mixture of reactants containing a source of tin and antimony having a Sb / mole ratio. Sn 0.01-0.5, and the thus produced coated substrate has a solar factor FS of less than 70%.

If it is desired to produce a pyrolytic coating on a flat glass pane, it is preferably done on freshly formed glass. It is economically viable to do so, since there is no need to reheat the glass for pyrolysis reactions, and the quality of the coating is then also advantageous since the glass surface is kept in its original state. Thus, preferably, said subcoating pre-material is applied to the upper surface of a hot glass substrate, which is a freshly formed flat glass.

Thus, the glazing panes of the present invention may be manufactured as follows. Each step of the pyrolytic coating formation can be carried out at a temperature of at least 400 ° C and ideally between 550 ° C - 750 ° C. The coatings can be produced on a glass sheet that runs in a tunnel kiln, or on a glass ribbon during its manufacture while it is still hot. The coatings can be produced inside the lehr, which is downstream of the glass ribbon forming device, or inside a float tank on the top surface of the glass ribbon, while the latter floats in a molten tin bath.

179 769

The coating layers are applied to the substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This is a particularly advantageous method as it ensures a regular layer thickness and composition. Such uniformity of the coating is particularly important when the product is to be used to cover a large area. CVD has a great advantage over the pyrolysis process using spraying of liquid reagents. In the spraying process, it is difficult to control both the gas phase process and achieve a good uniform film thickness. Moreover, the pyrolysis of the spray liquid is essentially limited to the formation of oxide coatings such as SnO2 and TiClb. It is also difficult to produce multilayer coatings using liquid spraying, since each layer deposition causes the substrate to cool significantly. Moreover, chemical vapor deposition is more economical because of the raw materials leading to less waste.

The CVD layered product is physically different from spray layered products. It should be noted that the spray coating shows traces of the spray droplets and the path of the spray gun, which is not the case with CVD.

To form each of the coatings, the substrate in the coating chamber is contacted with a gaseous medium containing a mixture of gaseous phase reactants. The coating chamber is fed with the gaseous stream of the reactant through one or more nozzles, the length of which must be at least the width of the surface to be coated.

Methods and devices for producing such a coating are described, for example, in French Patent No. 2,348,166 (BFG Glassgroup) or in French Patent Application No. 2,648,453 Al (Glaverbel). These methods and devices lead to particularly strong coatings with favorable optical properties.

Two successive nozzles are used to form the tin / antimony oxide coatings. A mixture of reagents containing a source of tin and antimony feeds the first nozzle. When the mixture consists of chlorides, liquid at ambient temperature, it becomes vaporized in a stream of anhydrous carrier gas at elevated temperature. The vapor phase conversion is facilitated by the atomization of these reactants in the carrier gas. To generate the oxides, the chlorides are contacted with the steam supplied through a second nozzle. The water vapor is superheated and also injected into the gaseous carrier.

Preferably, nitrogen is used as the carrier gas, which is substantially inert. Nitrogen is a sufficiently inert gas for this purpose and is otherwise inexpensive compared to the noble gases.

Silicon oxide subcoatings S1O2 or SiO_x can be deposited from silane S1H4 and oxygen as described in GB 2234264 and GB 2247691.

If a glass substrate coated with a non-fully oxidized coating is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere for a sufficiently long period of time, complete oxidation of the coating can be expected and thus its desired properties will be lost. Therefore, the subcoating is covered with a tin / antimony oxide coating layer while it is not yet fully oxidized and the substrate is still hot, so as to keep the subcoating incomplete oxidation. The length of time a glass substrate freshly coated with the subcoating may be exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere such as air before being finally coated with the topcoat, without compromising the properties of the subcoating, will depend on the temperature of the glass during such exposure and on the type of subcoating.

Preferably, a reducing atmosphere is present around said subcoating chamber. Such conditions are provided to prevent atmospheric oxygen from entering the subcoating application chamber, which allows a better control of the oxidation conditions in that chamber.

The oxygen required for the subcoating reaction can be supplied in the form of pure oxygen, but this adds unnecessary costs and according to the present invention, it is preferable to supply air to the chamber to supply oxygen therein.

It has been found that the Sb / Sn molar ratio which is desired in the reagent mixture does not always correspond to the ratio that is required in the tin / antimony coating layer.

179 769

Preferably, the tin source is selected from SnClU, monobutyric trichlorocin ("MBTC"), and mixtures thereof. The antimony source is selected from SbCI₅, SbCl₃, antimonoorganic compounds and mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable material sources are: Sb (OCH₂CH₃)₃, Cli_;7Sb (OCH₂CH₃) i3, Cl₂SbOCHClCH₃, Cl₂SbOCH₂CHCH₃Cl and Cl₂SbOCH₂C (CH₃)₂Cl.

The invention will now be described in detail in the following non-limiting examples.

In the examples below, the Sb / Sn molar ratio of the coating layers was determined by X-ray analysis in which the respective elements were compared. This technique is not as precise as chemical determination, because the similarity of antimony and tin causes them to respond similarly to X-rays. The ratio of the measured amount of the observed signals of the respective elements gives an approximate molar ratio.

As can be seen from some examples, colored rather than clear glass is used. The properties of the respective types of colored glass are shown in Table 1 below. In all cases, the properties of the glass were measured on samples 4 mm thick, this being the thickness of the glass used in all examples except for Examples I-VII (for which the thickness is shown in Table 2). The symbols in the table headings have the meanings given above.

Regarding the calculation of the solar factor, it should be noted that for a light transmission factor (TL) of less than 60%, the effect of low emissivity is not insignificant and should be taken into account as the solar factor also decreases as emissivity decreases.

Table 1

<td>Type of glass</td><td>Green A</td><td>Green B</td><td>Grey</td><td>Medium gray</td><td>Dark gray</td>

<td>λ₀ transmission (nm) [Illuminant: C / A]</td><td> 505,4/508,5</td><td> 504,9/508,4</td><td> 470,1/493,9</td><td> 493,2/502,7</td><td> 478,9/502,7</td>

<td>Purity (%)</td><td> 2,9/3,4</td><td> 2,1/2,5</td><td> 1,5/0,8</td><td> 5,6/5,1</td><td> 2,6/1,8</td>

<td>TL (%) [Illuminant · C / A]</td><td> 72,66/71,12</td><td> 78,44/77,20</td><td> 55,65/55,56</td><td> 36,80/35,76</td><td> 22,41/22,30</td>

<td>TE (%) (CIE)</td><td> 44,0</td><td> 53,2</td><td> 56,9</td><td> 25,9</td><td> 31,11</td>

<td>FS (%) coated side (CIE)</td><td> 56,8</td><td> 62,9</td><td> 66,3</td><td> 43,4</td><td> 47,3</td>

<td>TL / FE [Illuminant: C]</td><td> 1,28</td><td> 1,25</td><td> 0,84</td><td> 0,85</td><td> 0,47</td>

Example I.

On colorless soda-lime glass moving at high speed? meters per minute along the float chamber, a subcoat is formed in a coating station located along the float chamber where the glass is at a temperature of about 700 ° C. Nitrogen, silane with a partial pressure of 0.25% and oxygen with a partial pressure of 0.5% (ratio 0.5) are introduced through the feed line. A SiO coating is obtained₂ 100 nm thick.

The 6 mm-thick subcoated substrate is then immediately coated by CVD pyrolysis using an apparatus consisting of two successive nozzles. A reagent containing a mixture of SnCU as the tin source and SbCfi as the antimony source is used. The Sb / Sn molar ratio in the mixture was about 0.2. The mixture of reactants is vaporized under a stream of anhydrous nitrogen gas at a temperature of about 600 ° C and introduced into the first nozzle. The vapor phase conversion is facilitated by the atomization of these reactants in the carrier gas. The second nozzle is fed with superheated steam. The steam is superheated to a temperature of about 600 ° C and is also injected into a carrier gas which is air heated to a temperature of 600 ° C. The gas flow rate (gas

179 769 carrier + reagent) in each of the nozzles is 1 m³/ cm of substrate width per hour at the process temperature.

The coating is achieved to a geometric thickness of the tin / antimony oxide coating on the subcoated substrate of 185 nm.

Example II-VII

In Examples 2 - 7 the procedure as in Example 1 was followed, changing parameters such as the mixture of reactants, the presence or absence of an oxide subcoating, the Sb / Sn ratio in the coating and in the reagent mixture, and the thickness of the glass substrate. For example, compared to Example 1, no subcoating was used in Example 2 and the tin / antimony oxide coating layer was 210 nm thick. The reagent mixtures were as follows:

Examples II and III: mixtures the same as in Example I (but with a lower proportion of reactants in the carrier gas in Example III);

Example IV: MBTC and Ch ₇Sb (OCH₂CH₃)and ₃;

Example V: MBTC and Cl₂ŚbOCH₂CHCH₃Cl;

Example VI: MBTC and Cl₂SbOCH₂C (CH₃)₂Cl;

Example VII: MBTC and SbCl₃.

Changes in the operating parameters for Examples 1-7 and the results obtained are shown in Table 2.

The glazing panes in Examples ΠΙ - VII had a pleasant blue color: the dominant wavelength of the transmitted visible light lies in the forest 470 - 490 nm.

In Example 6, a glazing was obtained that had a low FS solar factor and low emissivity.

In one variation of Example VI, a SiO subcoating₂ has been replaced by an antireflection SiO subcoating_xaccording to the procedure used in GB 2247691. In another embodiment, the SiO subcoating₂ was replaced with an oxidized aluminum / vanadium layer according to the procedure used in GB 2,248,243. In these variants, the glass did not have a purple reflective appearance from the uncoated side.

Example VIII

Colored "Green A" float glass, advancing at 7 meters per minute along the float chamber, is subcoated in a coating station along the float chamber where the glass is at a temperature of about 700 ° C.

Nitrogen, silane at a partial pressure of 0.2% and oxygen at a partial pressure of 0.5% (ratio 0.55) are fed through the feed line. A SiO coating is obtained_x x is approximately 1.8, with a refractive index of approximately 1.7. The thickness of the obtained coating was 40 nm.

The 4 mm thick subcoated substrate is then coated by CVD pyrolysis. A reagent containing a mixture of MBTC as a source of tin and ClijSb (OCH₂CH₃)and_j3 as a source of antimony. The Sb / Sn molar ratio of the mixture was approximately 0.195 (weight ratio 0.2). The mixture of reactants is vaporized in a stream of dry air fed to the nozzle at a temperature of about 200 ° C. The conversion to the vapor phase is facilitated by trufluoroacetic acid. The F / Sn ratio in the reagent mixture of these examples was 0.04.

The changes in operating parameters and the results obtained are shown in Table 4 for Examples XV-XXII and in Table 5 for Examples XXIII-XXX. Silicon Oxide SiO_x used in Examples XV-XXX had an x ​​value of approximately 1.8.

179 769

Table 2

<td>1ΙΛ</td><td> 110</td><td>ABOUT</td><td> 70</td><td> 0,18</td><td> 0,20</td><td>low</td><td> 55,0</td><td> 13,7</td><td> 59,6</td><td> 0,92</td><td> 479,3</td><td>and 10.3 1</td><td> 577,0</td><td> 33,1</td><td> 0,79</td><td>1 / Ί</td>

<td>ΙΛ</td><td> 445</td><td>d iZ</td><td>ABOUT</td><td> 0,06</td><td> 0,10</td><td>1 low '</td><td> 47,5</td><td> 6,6 \</td><td> 47,2</td><td> 1,01</td><td> 483,0</td><td> 8,0</td><td> 490,0</td><td> 6,0</td><td> 0,25</td><td></td>

<td> &gt;</td><td> 105</td><td>SiO₂</td><td> 70</td><td> 0,15 _____ ’________ 1</td><td> 0,20</td><td>low</td><td> 61,6</td><td>Ζ.Ί1</td><td> 62,2</td><td> 0,99</td><td> 481,0</td><td> 8,7</td><td> 557,6</td><td> 35,2</td><td>θ '</td><td>ι / Ί</td>

<td>IV</td><td> 120</td><td>SiO₂</td><td> 70</td><td> 0,19</td><td> 0,20</td><td>low</td><td> 51,0</td><td> 12,0</td><td> 58,4</td><td> 0,87</td><td> 478,8 _ ’___</td><td> 11,5</td><td> 579,5</td><td> 35,0</td><td> 0,84</td><td>• Ti</td>

<td>III</td><td> 105</td><td>lack</td><td>ABOUT</td><td> 0,46</td><td> 0,20</td><td> 4,36-7,01</td><td> 65,5</td><td> 18,8</td><td> 66,0</td><td> 0,99</td><td> 480,1</td><td> 4,9</td><td> 575,3</td><td>l'6l</td><td>ABOUT AND</td><td>WHAT</td>

<td></td><td> 210</td><td>lack</td><td>about</td><td> 0,48</td><td> 0,20</td><td>2.09 I</td><td> 44,3</td><td> 12,0</td><td> 56,9</td><td> 0,78</td><td> -560</td><td> 3,9</td><td> 494,5</td><td></td><td>θ ' Λ</td><td>What</td>

<td> —</td><td> 185</td><td>SiO₂</td><td> 100</td><td> 0,48</td><td> 0,20</td><td>And 0.07</td><td> 45,7</td><td>ABOUT</td><td> 55,3</td><td> 0,83</td><td> 587,5</td><td> 3,4</td><td> 472,3</td><td> 36,9</td><td> &gt;0,7</td><td>What</td>

<td>Example</td><td>Thickness of tin / antimony oxide subcoating (nm)</td><td>Oxide subcoating</td><td>Subcoat thickness (nm)</td><td>Sb / Sn ratio in the shell</td><td>Sb / Sn ratio in the reagents</td><td>Haze (%)</td><td>TL (%)</td><td>RL (%) (coated side)</td><td>FS (%) (coated side) (CIE)</td><td>TL / FS</td><td>λ_ΰ transmission (nm)</td><td>Color Purity in Transmission (%)</td><td>X_D reflected from the coated side (nm)</td><td>Purity of color (%) when reflected from the coated side</td><td>Emissivity</td><td>Glass thickness (nm)</td>

179 769

Table 3

<td>XIV</td><td> 470</td><td>About this</td><td> 40</td><td> 0,09</td><td> 0,07</td><td></td><td>36 [A]</td><td>7 [A]</td><td></td><td> 27</td><td> 43</td><td>5.4 [A]</td><td>493.4 [A]</td><td>5.4 [A]</td><td>-576.0 [A]</td><td>1.5 [A]</td><td> 0,35</td><td>colorless soda-lime</td>

<td>XIII</td><td> 320</td><td>CM ABOUT</td><td> 40</td><td> 0,09</td><td> 0,07</td><td>OT</td><td> 40/41</td><td> 00</td><td> 0</td><td>CT</td><td> 39</td><td> 1,02/1,05</td><td> 501,0/491,6</td><td> 7,2/8,6</td><td> -512,5/513,6</td><td> 15,4/14,5</td><td> 0,44</td><td>green A</td>

<td>πχ</td><td> 470</td><td>SiO₂</td><td> 40</td><td> 0,09</td><td> 0,07</td><td> 00^</td><td> 6/6</td><td> 7/7</td><td></td><td>στ</td><td>στ CT</td><td> 0,31/0,31</td><td> 494,2/480,0</td><td> 7,0/11,8</td><td> -555,4/550,1</td><td> 2,1/6,6</td><td> 0,35</td><td>dark gray</td>

<td>IX</td><td> 470</td><td>SiO₂</td><td> 40</td><td> 0,09</td><td> 0,07</td><td>grade</td><td> 31/32</td><td> 7/7</td><td>T ©</td><td>OO</td><td> 36</td><td> 0,86/0,89</td><td> 497,2/487,2</td><td> 7,6/10,8</td><td> -576,9/ 559,8</td><td> 6,0/1,2</td><td> 0,35</td><td>green B</td>

<td>X</td><td> 320</td><td>SiO₂</td><td> 40</td><td> 0,09</td><td> 0,07</td><td> 0</td><td> 31/32</td><td> 7/7</td><td>ABOUT</td><td> 25</td><td></td><td> 0,76/0,78</td><td> 494,8/481,9</td><td> 4,9/8,1</td><td> -511,8/512,2</td><td> 17,2/16,3</td><td> 0,44</td><td>Gray</td>

<td>XI</td><td> 120</td><td>S1O2</td><td> 70</td><td> 0,18</td><td> 0,20</td><td>θ '</td><td> 39/20</td><td> 11/11</td><td>OO</td><td> 25</td><td></td><td> 0,95/0,98</td><td> 497,2/487,0</td><td> 6,2/8,9</td><td> -572,5/566,9</td><td> 2,2/2,9</td><td> 0,85</td><td>green A</td>

<td>ΙΙΙΛ</td><td> 120</td><td>ri 0 ćZ</td><td> 40</td><td>0l'0</td><td> 0,07</td><td> 0,36</td><td> 53/55</td><td> 9/10</td><td>OO</td><td></td><td> 45</td><td> 1,2/1,2</td><td> 505,5/498,6</td><td> 4,4/4,2</td><td> 487,9/478,1</td><td> 7,4/14,6</td><td> 0,71</td><td>green A</td>

<td>Example</td><td>Thickness of tin / antimony oxide subcoating (nm)</td><td>Oxide subcoating</td><td>Subcoat thickness (nm)</td><td>Sb / Sn ratio in the shell</td><td>Sb / Sn ratio in the reagents</td><td>Haze (%)</td><td>TL (%) [Illuminant A / Illuminant C]</td><td>RL (%) (coated side) [Illuminant A / C]</td><td>RL (%) (uncoated side) [Illuminant C]</td><td>TE (%) (CIE)</td><td>FS (%) (coated side) (CIE)</td><td>TL / FS</td><td>X_D transmission (nm)</td><td>Color Purity in Transmission (%)</td><td>λ₀ reflected from the coated side (nm)</td><td>Purity of color (%) when reflected from the coated side</td><td>Emissivity</td><td>The color of the glass</td>

179 769

Table 4

<td>XXII</td><td> 390</td><td>about (WITH</td><td></td><td> 0,058</td><td> 0,028</td><td></td><td> 53,1</td><td> 6,9</td><td> 8,2</td><td> 28,5</td><td> 40,1</td><td> 1,86</td><td>And 1.20</td><td> 499,5 1</td><td> 4,1</td><td> -550,3</td><td> 7,0</td><td> 0,27</td><td>green B</td>

<td>XXI</td><td>About Os</td><td>and tZ</td><td></td><td> 0,058</td><td>0.028 l</td><td></td><td> 25,0</td><td>CM ^</td><td> 00^</td><td>^! 13,7 1 ... - -</td><td> 32,9</td><td> 1,79</td><td> 1 0,76</td><td> 493,4</td><td>• / γ</td><td> -495,0</td><td></td><td> 0,27</td><td>medium gray</td>

<td>XX</td><td>O c \ π</td><td>about HIM</td><td></td><td> 0,058</td><td>0.028 and ___1</td><td>(No.</td><td> 49,2</td><td>about</td><td>ID</td><td> 24,5</td><td> 40,9</td><td> 1,96</td><td>ABOUT</td><td> 500,7</td><td>F.</td><td> -492,8</td><td>F.</td><td> 0,27</td><td>green A</td>

<td>XIX</td><td>oom</td><td>X About what</td><td></td><td> 0,058</td><td> 0,028</td><td></td><td> 61,0</td><td>what cC</td><td> 00^</td><td> 43,0</td><td> 54,7</td><td> 1,42</td><td></td><td> 496,0</td><td>CM CM</td><td> -495,2</td><td>ABOUT &lt;r?</td><td> 0,27</td><td>colorless</td>

<td>XVIII</td><td>about CM</td><td>at cZ</td><td></td><td> 0,053</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 0,65</td><td> 28,2</td><td>CM</td><td>ir?</td><td> 15,8</td><td> 34,4</td><td></td><td> 0,82</td><td> 494,0</td><td>00 ur?</td><td> 482,9</td><td> 18,0</td><td> 0,29</td><td>medium gray</td>

<td>XVII</td><td>About CM ΓΛ</td><td>XO cZ</td><td></td><td> 0,053</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 0,65</td><td> 60,1</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> 33,1</td><td> 47,2</td><td>CM 00</td><td> 1,28</td><td> 506,0</td><td>cT</td><td> 484,0</td><td> 15,8</td><td> 0,29</td><td>green B</td>

<td>XVI</td><td>o cm m</td><td>about &lt;Z</td><td></td><td> 0,053</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 0,65</td><td> 55,7</td><td>CM 00</td><td></td><td> 28,3</td><td> 43,6</td><td> 2,00</td><td> 1,27</td><td> 506,2</td><td>cn</td><td> 484,2</td><td> 16,2</td><td> 0,29</td><td>green A</td>

<td>XV</td><td>About CM cc</td><td>1 S1O_X</td><td>About MO</td><td> 0,053</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 0,65</td><td> 68,8 ¹ 1</td><td>σγ 00</td><td>Oy oo</td><td>¹ 50,8</td><td> 60,3</td><td> 1,35</td><td>ęi'i</td><td> 524,0</td><td>υη θ '</td><td> 428,9</td><td> 14,5</td><td> 0,29</td><td>colorless</td>

<td>Example</td><td>Thickness of tin / antimony oxide subcoating (nm)</td><td>| Oxide subcoating</td><td>Subcoat thickness (nm)</td><td>Sb / Sn ratio in the shell</td><td>Sb / Sn ratio in the reagents</td><td>Haze (%)</td><td>TL (%) [Illuminant C]</td><td>RL (%) (coated side)</td><td>RL (%) (uncoated side)</td><td>TE (%) (CIE)</td><td>FS (%) (coated side) (CIE)</td><td>TL / TE</td><td>TL / FS</td><td>X_D transmission (nm)</td><td>Color Purity in Transmission (%)</td><td>λρ reflected from the coated side (nm)</td><td>Purity of color (%) when reflected from the coated side</td><td>Emissivity</td><td>The color of the glass</td>

179 769

Table 5

<td>XXX</td><td> 410</td><td>SiO_x</td><td>90 (approx.)</td><td> 0,037</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 1,2</td><td> 56,4</td><td> 8,3</td><td> 6,9</td><td> 30,6</td><td> 45,4 1</td><td> 1,81</td><td> 1,24</td><td> 543,7</td><td></td><td> 507,0</td><td>0'l</td><td> 0,23</td><td>green B</td>

<td>XXIX</td><td>ABOUT</td><td>X o ίΛ</td><td>⁹⁰(approx.)</td><td> 0,037</td><td> 0,028</td><td>(No.</td><td> 26,9</td><td> 7,2</td><td> 4,8</td><td> 14,6</td><td>33.6 j</td><td> 1,73</td><td> 0,76</td><td> 502,7</td><td> 3,6</td><td> 491,8</td><td>Z'I</td><td> 0,23</td><td>medium gray</td>

<td>Xxviii</td><td> 410</td><td>XO ΰ5</td><td>90 (approx.)</td><td> 0,037</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 1 1,2</td><td> 51,9</td><td> 8,1</td><td> 6,6</td><td> 26,1</td><td> 42,0</td><td> 2,00</td><td> 1,24</td><td> 535,9</td><td> 3,7</td><td> 505,1</td><td></td><td> 0,23</td><td>green A</td>

<td>XXVII</td><td> 410</td><td>O æZ</td><td>90 (approx.)</td><td> 0,037</td><td> 0,028</td><td></td><td> 64,2</td><td> 8,8</td><td> 7,7</td><td> 47,2</td><td> 57,7</td><td> 1,36</td><td> 1,10</td><td>SD o. O</td><td> 3,5</td><td> 549,3</td><td> 3,3</td><td> 0,23</td><td>colorless</td>

<td>XXVI</td><td> 290</td><td>X o</td><td>80 (approx.)</td><td> 0,038</td><td> 0,028 _____1</td><td> 0,82</td><td> 28,7</td><td> 8,0</td><td> 5,2</td><td> 16,6</td><td> 34,9</td><td> 1,71</td><td>en 00 θ '</td><td> 498,5</td><td> 3,3</td><td> 507,2</td><td> 11,3</td><td> 0,28</td><td>medium gray</td>

<td>Xxv</td><td> 290</td><td>SiO_x</td><td>80 (approx.)</td><td> 00 © ©</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 0,82</td><td> 61,0 _ ___</td><td> 9,2</td><td> 00*</td><td> 34,7</td><td> 48,3</td><td> 1,74</td><td> 1,27</td><td> 549,4</td><td> 2,7</td><td> 508,9</td><td> 9,6</td><td> 0,28</td><td>green B</td>

<td>Xxiv</td><td> 290</td><td>X ot / 5</td><td>(z and [qAzjd) 08</td><td> 0,038</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 0,82</td><td> 56,7 .. </td><td> 9,0</td><td> 8,0</td><td> 29,5</td><td> 44,5</td><td> 1,90</td><td> 1,27</td><td> 538,8</td><td> 2,9</td><td> 508,6</td><td> 10,1</td><td> 0,28</td><td>green A</td>

<td>Xxiii</td><td> 290</td><td>X o</td><td>80 (approx.)</td><td> 0,038</td><td> 0,028</td><td> 0,82</td><td> 70,2</td><td> 10,0</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 54,3</td><td> 63,0</td><td>οεΊ</td><td>IIT</td><td> 581,3</td><td> 2,9</td><td> 510,3</td><td>I'8</td><td> 0,28</td><td>colorless</td>

<td>Example</td><td>Thickness of tin / antimony oxide subcoating (nm)</td><td>Oxide subcoating</td><td>Subcoat thickness (nm)</td><td>Sb / Sn ratio in the shell</td><td>Sb / Sn ratio in the reagents</td><td>Haze (%)</td><td>TL (%) [IluminantC]</td><td>RL (%) (coated side)</td><td>RL (%) (coated side)</td><td>TE (%) (C1E)</td><td>FS (%) (coated side) (C1E)</td><td>TL / TE</td><td>TL / FS</td><td>λ₀ transmission (nm)</td><td>Color Purity in Transmission (%)</td><td>λ₀ reflected from the coated side (nm)</td><td>Purity of color (%) when reflected from the coated side</td><td>Emissivity</td><td>The color of the glass</td>

179 769

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