Synergistic insecticidal mixtures of thiodicarb and imidacloprid

Synergistic insecticidal mixtures

The present invention relates to novel active compound combinations comprising, as active compounds, thiodicarb and a further active compound from the group of the chloronicotinyls, which combinations have very good insecticidal properties.

It is already known that thiodicarb can be used for controlling animal pests, in particular insects. Furthermore, it is known that chloronicotinyls, such as, for example, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, nitenpyram and dinotefuran, are suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects.

The activity of these compounds is good; however, at low application rates or against individual pests, it is sometimes unsatisfactory.

It has now been found that mixtures comprising thiodicarb and in each case one compound from the group of the chloronicotinyls are synergistically effective and suitable for controlling animal pests. By virtue of this synergism, it is possible to use considerably lower amounts of active compound, i.e. the activity of the mixture is greater than the activity of the individual components.

The compounds mentioned are known, for example from “The Pesticide Manual”, 11^th Edition, 1997, published by the British Crop Protection Council, see page 1195 for thiodicarb, page 706 for imidacloprid, page 9 for acetamiprid and page 880 for nitenpyram.

Thiamethoxam has the formula

Cl

<img file="NZ547835A_D0001.tif" />

N

NO.

and is known from EP 0 580 553.

Clothianidin has the formula

Cl '-/Jr

N—^J

H

<img file="NZ547835A_D0002.tif" />

N and is known from EP 0 376 279.

<img file="NZ547835A_D0003.tif" />

RECEIVED at IPONZ on 20 April 2010

547825

<img file="NZ547835A_D0004.tif" />

and is known from EP 0 235 725.

Dinotefuran has the formula

<img file="NZ547835A_D0005.tif" />

NHCH₃

N

NO₂ and is known from EP 0 649 685.

The ratio of the active compounds used and the total amount of the mixture to be applied depend on the nature and the occurrence of the insects. For each application, the optimum ratios and total application rates can in each case be determined by test series.

A particularly preferred mixture according to the invention comprises the active compounds thiodicarb and imidacloprid. In the mixture, the weight ratio of the two active compounds to one another is preferably between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and particularly preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5, here as in the following text, thiodicarb being mentioned first in each case in the ratios.

A further particularly preferred mixture described but not claimed herein comprises the active compounds thiodicarb and acetamiprid. In a mixture, the weight ratio of the two active compounds is preferably between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and particularly preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.

A further particularly preferred mixture described but not claimed herein comprises the active compounds thiodicarb and nitenpyram. In the mixture, the weight ratio of the two active compounds is preferably between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and particularly preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.

A further particularly preferred mixture described but not claimed herein comprises the active compounds thiodicarb and dinotefuran. In the mixture, the weight ratio of the two active compounds is preferably between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and particularly preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.

RECEIVED at IPONZ on 20 April 2010

-3A further particularly preferred mixture described but not claimed herein comprises the active compounds thiodicarb and thiamethoxam. In the mixture, the weight ratio of the two active compounds is preferably between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and particularly preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.

A further particularly preferred mixture described but not claimed herein comprises the active compounds thiodicarb and clothianidin. In the mixture, the weight ratio of the two active compounds is preferably between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and particularly preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.

A further particularly preferred mixture described but not claimed herein comprises the active compounds thiodicarb and thiacloprid. In the mixture, the weight ratio of the two active compounds is preferably between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and particularly preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.

The active compound combinations, having good plant compatibility and favorable homeotherm toxicity, are suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and nematodes, encountered in agriculture, in forests, in the protection of stored products and materials and in the hygiene sector. They are preferably used as crop protection compositions. They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or individual stages of development. The abovementioned pests include:

From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare, Porcellio scaber.

From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus.

From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera spp.

From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata.

From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.

From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus.

From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus, Giyllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus spp., Schistocerca gregaria.

From the order of the Blattaria, for example, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta amencana, Leucophaea

-4547835 maderae, Blattella germanica.

From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.

From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp.

From the order of the Phthiraptera, for example, Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Trichodectes spp., Damalinia spp.

From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Hercinothrips femoralis, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis.

From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma spp.

From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp., Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium comi, Saissetia oieae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp.

From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Pectinophora gossypielia, Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella xylostella, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambigueila, Homona magnanima, Tortrix viridana, Cnaphalocerus spp., Oulema oryzae.

From the order of the Coieoptera, for example, Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochieariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., Sitophiius spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogoderma spp,, Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meiigethes aeneus, Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Meioiontha meioiontha, Amphimallon solstitialis, Costelytra zealandica, Lissorhoptrus

-5547835 oryzophilus.

From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.

From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora eiythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella frit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae, Tipula paludosa, Hylemyia spp., Liriomyza spp.

From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus spp.

From the class of the Arachnida, for example, Scorpio maurus, Latrodectus mactans, Acarus siro, Argas spp., Omithodoros spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., Tetranychus spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Brevipalpus spp.

The plant-parasitic nematodes include, for example, Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Longidorus spp,, Xiphinema spp., Trichodorus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp.

All plants and plant parts can be treated in accordance with the invention. Plants are understood as meaning, in the present context, all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or by combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties capable or not capable of being protected by plant breeders’ rights. Plant parts are understood as meaning all above-ground and subterranean parts and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, and also roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.

What may be emphasized in this context is the particularly advantageous effect of the compositions according to the invention with regard to their use in cereal plants such as, for example, wheat, oats, barley, spelt, triticale and rye, but also in com, sorghum and millet, rice,

-6sugar cane, soya beans, sunflowers, potatoes, cotton, oilseed rape, canola, tobacco, sugar beet, fodder beet, asparagus, hops and fruit plants (comprising pome fruit such as, for example, apples and pears, stone fruit such as, for example, peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums and apricots, citrus fruits such as, for example, oranges, grapefruits, limes, lemons, kumquats, tangerines and satsumas, nuts such as, for example, pistachios, almonds, walnuts and pecan nuts, tropical fruits such as, for example, mango, paw-paw, pineapple, dates and bananas, and grapes) and vegetables (comprising leaf vegetables such as, for example, endives, com salad, Florence fennel, lettuce, cos lettuce, Swiss chard, spinach and chicory for salad use, cabbages such as, for example, cauliflower, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, Brassica oleracea (L.) convar. acephala var. sabellica L. (curly kale, feathered cabbage), kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, red cabbage, white cabbage and savoy cabbage, fruit vegetables such as, for example, aubergines, cucumbers, capsicums, table pumpkins, tomatoes, courgettes and sweetcorn, root vegetables such as, for example, celeriac, wild turnips, carrots, including yellow cultivars, Raphanus sativus ssp. sativus and ssp. niger, beetroot, scorzonera and celery, legumes such as, for example, peas and beans, and vegetables from the Allium family such as, for example, leeks and onions).

The treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active compound combinations is carried out either directly or by treating their environment, habitat or storage space by the customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, vaporizing, misting, broadcasting, painting on and, in the case of propagation material, in particular seeds, furthermore by coating with one or more layers.

The mixtures according to the invention are particularly suitable for the treatment of seeds. Thus, most of the damage to crop plants which is caused by pests occurs as early as when the seed is infested during storage and after the seed is introduced into the soil, and during and immediately after germination of the plants. This phase is particularly critical since the roots and shoots of the growing plants are particularly sensitive and even minor damage can lead to the death of the whole plant. Protecting the seed and the germinating plant by the use of suitable compositions is therefore of particularly great interest.

The control of pests by treating the seed of plants has been known for a long time and is the subject of continuous improvements. However, the treatment of seed entails a series of problems which cannot always be solved in a satisfactory manner. Thus, it is desirable to develop methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant which dispense with the additional application of crop protection products after planting or after emergence of the plants. It is furthermore desirable to optimize the amount of active compound employed in such a way as to provide optimum protection for the seed and the germinating plant from attack by pests, but without damaging the plant itself by the active compound employed. In particular, methods for the treatment of seed

-7should also take into consideration the intrinsic insecticidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimum protection of the seed and the germinating plant with a minimum of crop protection products being employed.

The present invention therefore in particular also relates to a method for the protection of seed and for the protection of plants, in particular of germinating plants, from attack by pests, by treating the seed with a composition according to the invention. The invention likewise relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention for the treatment of seed for protecting the seed and the germinating plant from pests. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed which has been treated with a composition according to the invention so as to afford protection from pests.

One of the advantages of the present invention is that the particular systemic properties of the compositions according to the invention mean that treatment of the seed with these compositions not only protects the seed itself, but also the resulting plants after emergence, from pests. In this manner, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with.

A further advantage is the synergistically increased insecticidal activity of the compositions according to the invention in comparison with the respective individual active compound, which exceeds the total of the activity of the two active compounds when applied individually. This makes possible an optimization of the amount of active compound employed.

Furthermore, it must be considered as advantageous that the mixtures according to the invention can also be employed in particular in transgenic seed, the plants arising from this seed being capable of expressing a protein directed against pests. By treating such seed with the compositions according to the invention, certain pests can be controlled merely by the expression of the, for example, insecticidal protein, and, surprisingly, the result in addition is a synergistically complemented activity with the compositions according to the invention, which, again, increases the efficacy of the protection against attack by pests.

The compositions according to the invention are suitable for protecting seed of any plant variety as already mentioned above which is employed in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests, in horticulture or in viticulture. In particular, this takes the form of seed of com, peanut, canola, oilseed rape, poppy, olive, coconut, cocoa, soya beans, cotton, beet (for example sugar beet and fodder beet), rice, sorghum and millet, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sunflower, sugar cane or tobacco. The compositions according to the invention are likewise suitable for treating the seed of fruit plants and vegetables as already mentioned above. The treatment of the seed of com, soya beans, cotton, wheat and canola or oilseed rape is of particular importance.

-8As already mentioned above, the treatment of transgenic seed with a composition according to the invention is also of particular importance. This takes the form of seed of plants which, as a rule, comprise at least one heterologous gene which governs the expression of a polypeptide with in particular insecticidal properties. In this context, the heterologous genes in transgenic seed may be derived from microorganisms such as Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium. The present invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of transgenic seed which comprises at least one heterologous gene originating from Bacillus sp. and whose gene product shows activity against the European com borer and/or the com root worm. It is particularly preferably a heterologous gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.

Within the scope of the present invention, the composition according to the invention is applied to the seed either alone or in a suitable formulation. Preferably, the seed is treated in a state in which it is stable enough to avoid damage during treatment. In general, the seed may be treated at any point in time between harvest and sowing. The seed usually used has been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits.

When treating the seed, care must generally be taken that the amount of the composition according to the invention applied to the seed and/or the amount of further additives is chosen in such a way that the germination of the seed is not adversely affected, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be bome in mind in particular in the case of active compounds which can have phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.

The compositions according to the invention can be applied directly, that is to say without further components and without having been diluted. As a rule, it is preferable to apply the composition to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and methods for the treatment of seed are known to the skilled worker and are described, for example, in the following documents: US 4,272,417 A, US 4,245,432 A, US 4,808,430 A, US 5,876,739 A,

US 2003/0176428 Al, WO 2002/080675 Al, WO 2002/028186 A2.

The active compound combinations can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, granules, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural and synthetic materials impregnated with active compounds and microencapsulations in polymeric materials.

These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is, liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is, emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam formers.

-9If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol and ethers and esters thereof, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.

Suitable solid carriers are:

for example ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates; suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, com cobs and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and/or foam formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates and protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are: for example lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.

Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations. Other possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils.

It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

The formulations in general comprise between 0.1 and 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.

If appropriate, the active compound combinations according to the invention, in commercially available formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations, can be present in a mixture with other active compounds such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators or herbicides. The insecticides include, for

-10example, phosphoric esters, carbamates, carboxylic esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenylureas, substances produced by microorganisms, and the like.

Examples of especially advantageous components in the mixtures are the following:

Fungicides:

aldimorph, ampropylfos, ampropylfos potassium, andoprim, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benodanil, benomyl, benzamacril, benzamacryl-isobutyl, bialaphos, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, bromuconazole, bupirimate, buthiobate, calcium polysulfide, capsimycin, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carvon, chinomethionat, chlobenthiazone, chlorfenazole, chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, clozylacon, cufraneb, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, debacarb, dichlorophen, diclobutrazole, diclofluanid, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinocap, diphenylamine, dipyrithione, ditalimfos, dithianon, dodemorph, dodine, drazoxolon, ediphenphos, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadon, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenitropan, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferham, ferimzone, fluazinam, flumetover, fluoromide, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, fosetyl-aluminum, fosetyl-sodium, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, furcarbonil, furconazole, forconazole-cis, formecyclox, guazatine, hexachlorobenzene, hexaconazole, hymexazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, iodocarb, ipconazole, iprobenfos (IBP), iprodione, irumamycin, isoprothiolane, isovaledione, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, copper preparations, such as: copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper oxide, oxine-copper and Bordeaux mixture, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, meferimzone, mepanipyrim, mepronil, metalaxyl, metconazole, methasulfocarb, methforoxam, metiram, metomeclam, metsulfovax, mildiomycin, myclobutanil, myclozolin,

-11nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxamocarb, oxolinic acid, oxycarboxim, oxyfenthiin, paclobutrazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, phosdiphen, pimaricin, piperalin, polyoxin, polyoxorim, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propanosine-sodium, propiconazole, propineb, pyrazophos, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, pyroxyfur, quinconazoie, quintozene (PCNB), sulfur and sulfur preparations, tebuconazole, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tetcyclacis, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thicyofen, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tioxymid, tolclofos-methyl, toiyifluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triazbutil, triazoxide, trichlamide, tricyclazole, tridemorph, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, uniconazole, validamycin A, vinclozolin, viniconazole, zarilamide, zineb, ziram and also

Dagger G,

OK-8705,

OK-8801, α-( 1,1 -dimethylethyl)-p-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1 Η-1,2,4-triazole-1 -ethanol, a-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-P-fluoro-b-propyl-1 Η-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, a-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-P-methoxy-a-methyl-1 Η-1,2,4-triazole-1 -ethanol, a-(5-methyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl)-P-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylene]-lH-l,2,4triazole-l-ethanol, (5RS,6RS)-6-hydroxy-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-5-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-3-octanone, (E)-a-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-phenoxyphenylacetamide,

1-isopropyl {2-methyl-l-[[[l-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]carbonyl]propyl}carbamate

-ΟΙ -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-( 1 Η-1,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)ethanone O-(phenylmethyl)oxime, l-(2-methyl-l-naphthalenyl)-lH-pyrrole-2,5-dione,

1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-propenyl)-2,5-pyrrolidinedione, l-[(diiodomethyl)sulfonyl]-4-methylbenzene,

1 -[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-l ,3 -dioxolan-2-yl]methyl] -1 H-imidazole,

1- [[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenyloxiranyl]methyl]-lH-l,2,4-triazole,

-[ 1 -[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethenyl]-1 H-imidazole,

-methyl-5-nonyl-2-(phenylmethyl)-3 -pyrrolidinole, ’ ,6 ’ -dibromo-2-methyl-4 ’ -trifluoromethoxy-4’ -trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,

2,2-dichloro-N-[ 1 -(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl] -1 -ethyl-3 -methylcyclopropanecarboxamide,

2.6- dichloro-5-(methylthio)-4-pyrimidinylthiocyanate,

2.6- dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)benzamide,

2.6- dichloro-N-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide,

2- (2,3,3-triiodo-2-propenyl)-2H-tetrazole,

2-[( 1 -methylethyl)sulfonyl]-5 -(trichloromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole,

2-[[6-deoxy-4-O-(4-O-methyl-p-D-glycopyranosyl)-a-D-glucopyranosyl]amino]-4-methoxy-lH pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile,

2-aminobutane,

2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)pentanedinitrile,

2-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-l,l,3-trimethyl-lH-inden-4-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide,

2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(isothiocyanatomethyl)acetamide,

2-phenylphenol (OPP),

3,4-dichloro-l-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-lH-pyrrole-2,5-dione,

-133,5-dichloro-N-[cyano[(l-methyl-2-propynyl)oxy]methyl]benzamide,

3-(1,1 -dimethylpropyl-1 -oxo)-1 H-indene-2-carbonitrile,

3- [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-3-isoxazolidinyl]pyridine,

4- chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-lH-imidazole-l-sulfonamide,

4-methyltetrazolo[l,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one,

8-(1,l-dimethylethyl)-N-ethyl-N-propyl-l,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-2-methanamine,

8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate,

9H-xanthene-2-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-9-carboxylic hydrazide, bis(l-methylethyl)-3-methyl-4-[(3-methylbenzoyl)oxy]-2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate, cis-1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-2-( 1 Η-1,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)cycloheptanol, cis-4-[3-[4-(l,l-dimethylpropyl)phenyl-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethyl-morpholine hydrochloride, ethyl [(4-chlorophenyl)azo]cyanoacetate, potassium bicarbonate, methanetetrathiol sodium salt, methyl 1 -(2,3 -dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1 H-inden-1 -y 1)-1 H-imidazole-5 -carboxylate, methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(5-isoxazolylcarbonyl)-DL-alaninate, methyl N-(chloroacetyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-DL-alaninate,

N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1 -methylcyclohexanecarboxamide,

N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl)acetamide,

N-(2,6-dimethylpheny])-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-thienyl)acetamide,

N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-3 -nitro-benzenesulfonamide,

N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidineamine,

N-(4-hexylphenyl)-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidineamine,

-14N-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)acetamide,

N-(6-methoxy)-3-pyridinyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide,

N-[2,2,2-trichloro-1 -[(chloroacetyl)amino]ethyl]benzamide,

N-[3-chloro-4,5-bis(2-propynyloxy)phenyl]-N’-methoxymethaneimidamide,

N-formyl-N-hydroxy-DL-alanine sodium salt,

Ο,Ο-diethyl [2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl]ethylphosphoramidothioate,

O-methyl S-phenyl phenylpropylphosphoramidothioate,

S-methyl l,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioate, spiro[2H] -1 -benzopyrane-2,1 ’ (3 ’H)-isobenzofuran-3 ’ -one.

Bactericides:

bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulfate and other copper preparations.

Insecticides/acaricides/nematicides:

1. Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors

1.1 Carbamates, for example alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimetilan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, metam-sodium, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb triazamate

1.2 Organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothion, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos,

-15chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl/-ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, chlorfenvinphos, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulfone, dialifos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dioxabenzofos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion, fosmethilan, fosthiazate, heptenophos, iodofenphos, iprobenfos, isazofos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarham, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl/-ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos, prothoate, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, pyridathion, quinalphos, sebufos, sulfotep, sulprofos, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon, vamidothion

2. Sodium channel modulators / voltage-gated sodium channel blockers

2.1 Pyrethroids, for example acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyelopentyl isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, eyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin (lR-isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyrithrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, flufenprox, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin, imiprothrin, kadethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin (cis-, trans-), phenothrin (1Rtransisomer), prallethrin, profluthrin, protrifenbute, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin (lR-isomer), tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, pyrethrins (pyrethrum)

DDT

2.2 Oxadiazines, for example indoxacarb

3. Acetylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists

3.1 Chloronicotinyls, for example acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam

-16547835

<td> 3.2</td><td> Nicotine, bensultap, cartap</td>

<td> 4.</td><td> Acetylcholine receptor modulators</td>

<td> 4.1</td><td> Spinosyns, for example spinosad</td>

<td> 5.</td><td> GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists</td>

<td> 5 5.1</td><td> Cyclodiene organochlorine, for example camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane, methoxychlor</td>

<td> 5.2</td><td> Fiprols, for example</td>

<td> 10</td><td> acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronii, vaniliprole</td>

<td> 6.</td><td> Chloride channel activators</td>

<td> 6.1 7.</td><td> Mectins, for example avermectin, emamectin, emamectin-benzoate, ivermectin, milbemycin Juvenile hormone mimetics, for example</td>

<td> 15</td><td> diofenolan, epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, pyriproxifen, triprene</td>

<td> 8.</td><td> Ecdysone agonists/disruptors</td>

<td> 8.1</td><td> Diacylhydrazines, for example chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide</td>

<td> 20 9.</td><td> Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors</td>

<td> 9.1</td><td> Benzoylureas, for example bistrifluron, chlofluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflutnuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron</td>

-179.2 Buprofezin

9.3 Cyromazine

10. Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, ATP disruptors

10.1 Diafenthiuron

10.2 Organotins, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin-oxides

11. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation acting by interrupting the H-proton gradient

11.1 Pyrroles, for example chlorfenapyr

11.2 Dinitrophenols, for example hinapacyrl, dinobuton, dinocap, DNOC

12. Page-I electron transport inhibitors

12.1 MEITs, for example fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad

12.2 Hydramethylnon

12.3 Dicofol

13. Page-Π electron transport inhibitors

Rotenone

14. Page-ΠΙ electron transport inhibitors

Acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim

15. Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane

Bacillus thuringiensis strains

16. Lipid synthesis inhibitors

Tetronic acids, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen

Tetramic acids, for example

- 183-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-l-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (alias: carbonic acid, 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-lazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester, CAS-Reg.-No.: 382608-10-8) and carbonic acid, cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-l-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester (CAS-Reg.-No.: 203313-25-1)

17. Carboxamides, for example flonicamid

18. Octopaminergic agonists, for example amitraz

19. Inhibitors of magnesium-stimulated ATPase, for example propargite

20. BDCAs, for example N2-[l,l-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-Nl-[2-methyl-4[ 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl] -1,2-benzenedicarboxamide (CAS Reg.-No.: 272451-65-7)

21. Nereistoxin analogues, for example thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, thiosultap-sodium

22. Biologicals, hormones or pheromones, for example azadirachtin, Bacillus spec., Beauveria spec., codlemone, Metarrhizium spec., Paecilomyces spec., thuringiensin, Verticillium spec.

23. Active compounds with unknown or unspecific mechanisms of action

23.1 Fumigants, for example aluminum phosphide, methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride

23.2 Selective antifeedants, for example cryolite, flonicamid, pymetrozine

23.3 Mite growth inhibitors, for example clofentezine, etoxazole, hexythiazox

23.4 amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate, bromopropylate, buprofezin, chinomethionat, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, chloropicrin, clothiazoben, cycloprene, dicyclanil, fenoxacrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim, flutenzin, gossyplure, hydramethylnone, japonilure, metoxadiazone, petroleum, piperonyl butoxide, potassium oleate, pyridalyl, sulfluramid, tetradifon, tetrasul, triarathene, verbutin

- 19furthermore (lR-cis)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methyl-3-[(dihydro-2-oxo-3(2H)-furanylidene)methyl]

2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate l-[2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-N-nftro-l,3,5-triazine-2(lH)-imine

2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(l,l-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole

2-(acetyloxy)-3-dodecyl-l,4-naphthalenedione

2-chloro-N-[[[4-(l-phenylethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzamide

2-chloro-N-[[[4-(2,2-dichloro-l,l-difluoroethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzamide

3-methylphenyl propylcarbamate

4-[4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-methylpentyl]-l-fluoro-2-phenoxybenzene

4-chloro-2-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-5-[[2-(2,6-dimethyI-4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl]thio]-3(2H)pyridazinone

4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methyipropyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinone

4-chloro-5-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone

Bacillus thuringiensis strain EG-2348 benzoic acid [2-benzoyl-1-(1,1 -dimethy lethy l)hydrazide butanoic acid 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-oxo-l-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ester [3-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-thiazolidinylidene]cyanamide dihydro-2-(nitromethylene)-2H-l,3-thiazine-3(4H)-carboxaldehyde ethyl [2-[[l,6-dihydro-6-oxo-l-(phenylmethyl)-4-pyridazinyl]oxy]ethyl]carbamate

N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-l-oxo-3-butenyl)glycine

N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-lH-pyrazole1 -carboxamide

- 20 N-methyl-N'-( 1 -methyl-2-propenyl)-1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide

N-methyl-N'-2-propenyl-l,2-hydrazinedicarbothioarmde

Ο,Ο-diethyl [2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl]ethylphosphoramidothioate

A mixture with other known active compounds such as herbicides or with fertilizers and growth regulators is also possible.

When used as insecticides, the active compound combinations according to the invention can furthermore be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with synergists. Synergists are compounds which increase the action of the active compounds, without it being necessary for the synergist added to be active itself.

The active compound content of the use forms prepared from the commercially available formulations can vary within wide limits. The active compound concentration of the use forms can be from 0.0000001 to 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% by weight.

The compounds are employed in a customary manner appropriate for the use forms.

When used against hygiene pests and stored-product pests, the active compound combinations are distinguished by an excellent residual action on wood and clay as well as good stability to alkali on limed substrates.

The active compound combinations according to the invention are not only active against plant pests, hygiene pests and stored-product pests, but also, in the veterinary medicine sector, against animal parasites (ectoparasites) such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (stinging and licking), parasitizing fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas. These parasites include:

From the order of the Anoplurida, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.

From the order of the Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina and Ischnocerina, for example, Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Wemeckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp., Felicola spp.

From the order Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia

-21 spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp., Melophagus spp.

From the order of the Siphonapterida, for example, Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.

From the order of the Heteropterida, for example, Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.

From the order of the Blattarida, for example, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica, Supella spp.

From the subclass of the Acaria (Acarida) and the orders of the Meta- and Mesostigmata, for example, Argas spp., Omithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Stemostoma spp., Varroa spp.

From the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), for example, Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Omithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.

The active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for controlling arthropods which attack agricultural livestock such as, for example, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, honey-bees, other domestic animals such as, for example, dogs, cats, caged birds, aquarium fish and so-called experimental animals such as, for example, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By controlling these arthropods, cases of death and reductions in productivity (for meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey and the like) should be diminished, so that more economical and simpler animal husbandry is possible by the use of the active compound combinations according to the invention.

The active compound combinations according to the invention are used in the veterinary sector in a known manner by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, potions, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the feed-through method, suppositories, by parenteral administration such as, for example, by injections (intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously,

-22intraperitoneally and the like), implants, by nasal administration, by dermal administration in the form of, for example, immersing or dipping, spraying, pouring-on, spotting-on, washing, dusting, and with the aid of active-compound-comprising molded articles such as collars, ear tags, tail tags, limb bands, halters, marking devices and the like.

When used for cattle, poultry, domestic animals and the like, the active compounds can be applied as formulations (for example powders, emulsions, flowables) comprising the active compounds in an amount of 1 to 80% by weight, either directly or after 100- to 10 000-fold dilution, or they may be used as a chemical dip.

Moreover, it has been found that the active compound combinations according to the invention show a potent insecticidal action against insects which destroy industrial materials.

The following insects may be mentioned by way of example and with preference, but not by way of limitation:

Beetles such as

Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticomis, Dendrobium pertinex, Emobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus spec., Tryptodendron spec., Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec., Dinoderus minutus.

Dermapterans such as

Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus, Urocerus augur.

Termites such as

Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus.

Bristle-tails such as Lepisma saccharina.

Industrial materials in the present context are understood as meaning non-living materials such as, preferably, polymers, adhesives, glues, paper and board, leather, wood, timber products and paints.

The material which is to be protected from insect attack is very especially preferably wood and timber products.

-23Wood and timber products which can be protected by the composition according to the invention, or mixtures comprising it, are to be understood as meaning, for example:

Construction timber, wooden beams, railway sleepers, bridge components, jetties, vehicles made of wood, boxes, pallets, containers, telephone poles, wood lagging, windows and doors made of wood, plywood, chipboard, joinery, or timber products which quite generally are used in house construction or building joinery.

The active compound combinations can be used as such, in the form of concentrates or generally customary formulations such as powders, granules, solutions, suspensions, emulsions or pastes.

The abovementioned formulations can be prepared in a manner known per se, for example by mixing the active compounds with at least one solvent or diluent, emulsifier, dispersant and/or binder or fixative, water repellant, if desired desiccants and UV stabilizers, and if desired colorants and pigments and other processing auxiliaries.

The insecticidal compositions or concentrates used for protecting wood and timber products comprise the active compound according to the invention in a concentration of 0.0001 to 95% by weight, in particular 0.001 to 60% by weight.

The amount of composition or concentrate employed depends on the species and the abundance of the insects and on the medium. The optimal quantity to be employed can be determined in each case by test series upon application. In general, however, it will suffice to employ 0.0001 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 10% by weight, of the active compound, based on the material to be protected.

A suitable solvent and/or diluent is an organochemical solvent or solvent mixture and/or an oily or oil-type organochemical solvent or solvent mixture of low volatility and/or a polar organochemical solvent or solvent mixture and/or water and, if appropriate, an emulsifier and/or wetter.

Organochemical solvents which are preferably employed are oily or oil-type solvents with an evaporation number of above 35 and a flash point of above 30°C, preferably above 45°C. Such oily and oil-type solvents which are insoluble in water and of low volatility and which are used are suitable mineral oils or their aromatic fractions or mineral-oil-containing solvent mixtures, preferably white spirit, petroleum and/or alkylbenzene.

Mineral oils with a boiling range of 170 to 220°C, white spirit with a boiling range of 170 to

220°C, spindle oil with a boiling range of 250 to 350°C, petroleum and aromatics with a boiling range of 160 to 280°C, oil of turpentine, and the like are advantageously used.

- 24 In a preferred embodiment, liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 180 to 210°C or high-boiling mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 180 to 220°C and/or spindle oil and/or monochloronaphthalene, preferably α-monochloronaphthalene are used.

The organic oily or oil-type solvents of low volatility and with an evaporation number of above 35 and a flash point of above 30°C, preferably above 45°C, can be replaced in part by organochemical solvents of high or medium volatility, with the proviso that the solvent mixture also has an evaporation number of above 35 and a flash point of above 30°C, preferably above 45 °C, and that the insecticide-fungicide mixture is soluble or emulsifiable in this solvent mixture.

In a preferred embodiment, some of the organochemical solvent or solvent mixture is replaced by an aliphatic polar organochemical solvent or solvent mixture. Aliphatic organochemical solvents which contain hydroxyl and/or ester and/or ether groups are preferably used, such as, for example, glycol ethers, esters or the like.

Organochemical binders used for the purposes of the present invention are the synthetic resins and/or binding drying oils which are known per se and which can be diluted in water and/or dissolved or dispersed or emulsified in the organochemical solvents employed, in particular binders composed of, or comprising, an acrylate resin, a vinyl resin, for example polyvinyl acetate, polyester resin, polycondensation or polyaddition resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin, phenol resin, hydrocarbon resin such as indene/coumarone resin, silicone resin, diying vegetable and/or drying oils and/or physically drying binders based on a natural and/or synthetic resin.

The synthetic resin employed as binder can be employed in the form of an emulsion, dispersion or solution. Bitumen or bituminous substances may also be used as binders, in amounts of up to 10% by weight. In addition, colorants, pigments, water repellants, odor-masking agents, and inhibitors or anticorrosive agents and the like, all of which are known per se, can be employed.

In accordance with the invention, the composition or the concentrate preferably comprises, as organochemical binders, at least one alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin and/or a drying vegetable oil. Alkyd resins which are preferably used in accordance with the invention are those with an oil content of over 45% by weight, preferably 50 to 68% by weight.

Some or all of the abovementioned binder can be replaced by a fixative (mixture) or plasticizer (mixture). These additives are intended to prevent volatilization of the active compounds, and also crystallization or precipitation. They preferably replace 0.01 to 30% of the binder (based on 100% of binder employed).

- 25 The plasticizers are from the chemical classes of the phthalic esters, such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate or benzyl butyl phthalate, phosphoric esters such as tributyl phosphate, adipic esters such as di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, stearates such as butyl stearate or amyl stearate, oleates such as butyl oleate, glycerol ethers or higher-molecular-weight glycol ethers, glycerol esters and p-toluenesulfonic esters.

Fixatives are based chemically on polyvinyl alkyl ethers such as, for example, polyvinyl methyl ether, or ketones such as benzophenone and ethylenebenzophenone.

Other suitable solvents or diluents are, in particular, water, if appropriate as a mixture with one or more of the abovementioned organochemical solvents or diluents, emulsifiers and dispersants.

Particularly effective timber protection is achieved by industrial-scale impregnating processes, for example the vacuum, double-vacuum or pressure processes.

If appropriate, the ready-to-use compositions may additionally comprise further insecticides and, if appropriate, one or more fungicides.

The active compound combinations according to the invention can at the same time be employed for protecting objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, such as hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, against fouling.

Fouling by sessile Oligochaeta, such as Serpulidae, and by shells and species from the Ledamorpha group (goose barnacles), such as various Lepas and Scalpellum species, or by species from the Balanomorpha group (acorn barnacles), such as Balanus or Pollicipes species, increases the frictional drag of ships and, as a consequence, leads to a marked increase in operation costs owing to higher energy consumption and additionally frequent residence in the dry dock.

Apart from fouling by algae, for example Ectocarpus sp. and Ceramium sp., fouling by sessile Entomostraka groups, which come under the generic term Cirripedia (cirriped crustaceans), is of particular importance.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that the active compound combinations according to the invention have an outstanding antifouling action.

Using the active compound combinations according to the invention, allows the use of heavy metals such as, for example, in bis(trialkyltin) sulfides, tri-w-butyltin laurate, tri-w-butyltin chloride, copper(I) oxide, triethyltin chloride, tri-w-butyl(2-phenyl-4-chlorophenoxy)tin, tributyltin oxide, molybdenum disulfide, antimony oxide, polymeric butyl titanate, phenyl(bispyridine)bismuth chloride, tri-w-butyltin fluoride, manganese ethylenebisthiocarbamate, zinc

-26dimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc ethylenebisthiocarbamate, zinc salts and copper salts of 2pyridinethiol 1-oxide, bisdimethyldithiocarbamoylzinc ethylenebisthiocarbamate, zinc oxide, copper(I) ethylenehisdithiocarbamate, copper thiocyanate, copper naphthenate and tributyltin halides to be dispensed with, or the concentration of these compounds to be substantially reduced.

If appropriate, the ready-to-use antifouling paints can additionally comprise other active compounds, preferably algicides, fungicides, herbicides, molluscicides, or other antifouling active compounds.

Preferably suitable components in combinations with the antifouling compositions according to the invention are:

algicides such as

2-/er/-butylamino-4-cyclopropylamino-6-methylthio-l,3,5-triazine, dichlorophen, diuron, endothal, fentin acetate, isoproturon, methabenzthiazuron, oxyfluorfen, quinoclamine and terbutryn;

fungicides such as benzo[Z)]thiophenecarboxylic acid cyclohexylamide S,S-dioxide, dichlofluanid, fluorfolpet, 3-iodo2-propynyl butylcarbamate, tolylfluanid and azoles such as azaconazole, cyproconazole, epoxyconazole, hexaconazole, metconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole;

molluscicides such as

Fe-complex former, fentin acetate, metaldehyde, methiocarb, niclosamid, thiodicarb and trimethacarb;

or conventional antifouling active compounds such as

4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, diiodomethylparatryl sulfone, 2-(N,N-dimethylthiocarhamoylthio)-5-nitrothiazyl, potassium, copper, sodium and zinc salts of 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide, pyridinetriphenylborane, tetrabutyldistannoxane, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, tetramethylthiuram disulfide and 2,4,6-trichlorophenylmaleiimide.

The antifouling compositions used comprise the active compound in a concentration of 0.001 to 50% by weight, in particular of 0.01 to 20% by weight.

Moreover, the antifouling compositions comprise the customary components such as, for example,

-27those described in Ungerer, Chem. Ind. 1985, 37, 730-732 and Williams, Antifouling Marine Coatings, Noyes, Park Ridge, 1973.

Besides the algicidal, fungicidal, molluscicidal and insecticidal active compounds, antifouling paints comprise, in particular, binders.

Examples of recognized binders are polyvinyl chloride in a solvent system, chlorinated rubber in a solvent system, acrylic resins in a solvent system, in particular in an aqueous system, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer systems in the form of aqueous dispersions or in the form of organic solvent systems, butadiene/styrene/acrylonitrile rubbers, drying oils such as linseed oil, resin esters or modified hardened resins in combination with tar or bitumens, asphalt and epoxy compounds, small amounts of chlorine rubber, chlorinated polypropylene and vinyl resins.

If appropriate, paints also comprise inorganic pigments, organic pigments or colorants which are preferably insoluble in saltwater. Paints may furthermore comprise materials such as colophonium to allow controlled release of the active compounds. Furthermore, the paints may comprise plasticizers, modifiers which affect the rheological properties and other conventional constituents. The active compound combinations according to the invention may also be incorporated into selfpolishing antifouling systems.

The active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and mites, which are found in enclosed spaces such as, for example, dwellings, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins and the like. They can be employed in domestic insecticide products alone or in combination with other active compounds and auxiliaries for controlling these pests. They are active against sensitive and resistant species and against all developmental stages. These pests include:

From the order of the Scorpionidea, for example, Buthus occitanus.

From the order of the Acarina, for example, Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Bryobia ssp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus, Omithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alffeddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus, Dermatophagoides forinae.

From the order of the Araneae, for example, Aviculariidae, Araneidae.

From the order of the Opiliones, for example, Pseudoscorpiones chelifer, Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium, Opiliones phalangium.

From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.

- 28 From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus, Polydesmus spp.

From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp.

From the order of the Zygentoma, for example, Ctenolepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus.

From the order of the Blattaria, for example, Blatta orientalies, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Supella longipalpa.

From the order of the Saltatoria, for example, Acheta domesticus.

From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.

From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Kalotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp.

From the order of the Psocoptera, for example, Lepinatus spp., Liposcelis spp.

From the order of the Coleptera, for example, Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Dermestes spp., Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia spp., Ptinus spp., Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oiyzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.

From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila spp., Fannia canicularis, Musca domestica, Phlebotomus spp., Sarcophaga camaria, Simulium spp., Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.

From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella, Plodia interpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella.

From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.

From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Paravespula spp., Tetramorium caespitum.

From the order of the Anoplura, for example, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Phthirus pubis.

From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Rhodinus

- ²⁹ prolixus, Triatoma infestans.

The use as household insecticides can also be carried out in combination with other suitable active compounds, such as phosphoric esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, growth regulators or active compounds from other known classes of insecticides.

They are used as aerosols, pressure-free spray products, for example pump and atomizer sprays, automatic fogging systems, foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with evaporator tablets made of cellulose or polymer, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators, propeller-driven evaporators, energy-free, or passive, evaporation systems, moth papers, moth bags and moth gels, as granules or dusts, in baits for spreading or in bait stations.

When using the active compound combinations according to the invention, the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the type of application. When parts of plants are treated, the application rates of active compound combination are generally between 0.1 and 10 000 g/ha, preferably between 10 and 1 000 g/ha.

The good insecticide activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention is illustrated by the examples below. Whereas the individual active compounds show weaknesses in their activity, the combinations show an activity which exceeds a simple addition of activities.

The expected activity for a given combination of two compounds can be calculated (cf. COLBY, S.R.; “Caculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations”, Weeds 15, pages 20-22, 1967):

If

X ⁼ the kill rate, expressed in % of the untreated control, when active compound A is applied at an application rate of m ppm,

Y = the kill rate, expressed in % of the untreated control, when active compound B is applied at an application rate of n ppm,

E = the kill rate, expressed in % of the untreated control, when active compounds A and B are applied at the application rates of m and n ppm, then £ = χ + γ _ ^x

100

If the actual insecticidal kill rate is greater than calculated, the kill of the combination is superadditive, i.e. there is a synergistic effect. In this case, the actual observed kill rate has to be

-30greater than the value for the expected kill rate (E) calculated from the formula given above.

-31 Example A

Myzus persicae test

Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide

Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) which are heavily infested by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphids have been killed. The determined kill ratios are entered into Colby’s formula.

In this test, the following active compound combination according to the present application showed a synergistically enhanced activity compared to the active compounds applied on their own:

<td rowspan="2"> Active compounds</td><td colspan="2"> -32- Table A Plant-damaging insects Myzus persicae test</td>

<td> Concentration in ppm</td><td> Kill in % after</td>

<td> thiodicarb</td><td> 20</td><td> 0</td>

<td> thiamethoxam</td><td> 0.8</td><td> 85</td>

<td> thiodicarb + thiamethoxam (25 :1) according to the invention</td><td> 20 + 0.8</td><td> found* calc. 95 85</td>

* found = activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby’s formula

-33Table A

Plant-damaging insects Myzus persicae test

<td> Active compounds</td><td> Concentration in ppm</td><td> Kill in % after</td>

<td> thiodicarb</td><td> 20</td><td> 0</td>

<td> thiacloprid</td><td> 0.8</td><td> 30</td>

<td> thiodicarb + thiacloprid (25 : 1)</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> according to the invention</td><td></td><td> found* calc.</td>

<td></td><td> 20 + 0.8</td><td> 50 30</td>

*found = activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby’s formula

-34547835

Example Β

Phaedon cochieariae larvae test

Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide

Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oieracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with larvae of the mustard beetle (Phaedon cochieariae) while the leaves are still moist.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of the beetle larvae have been killed. The determined kill ratios are entered into Colby’s formula.

In this test, the following active compound combination according to the present application showed a synergistically enhanced activity compared to the active compounds applied on their own:

-35TableB

Plant-damaging insects Phaedon cochleariae larvae test

<td> Active compounds</td><td> Concentration in ppm</td><td> Kill in % after</td>

<td> thiodicarb</td><td> 100</td><td> 15</td>

<td> clothianidin</td><td> 4</td><td> 75</td>

<td colspan="3"> thiodicarb + clothianidin (25 : 1)</td>

<td> according to the invention</td><td></td><td> found* calc.**</td>

<td></td><td> 100 + 4</td><td> 100 79.75</td>

* found = activity found **calc. - activity calculated using Colby’s formula

-36Table Β

Plant-damaging insects Phaedon cochleariae larvae test

Active compounds

Concentration Kill in ppm in % after 6^

<td> thiodicarb</td><td> 100</td><td colspan="2"> 4</td>

<td> imidacloprid</td><td> 4</td><td> 45</td><td></td>

<td colspan="4"> thiodicarb + imidacloprid (25 :1)</td>

<td> according to the invention</td><td></td><td> found*</td><td> calc.*</td>

<td></td><td> 100 + 4</td><td> 80</td><td> 69.75</td>

*found = activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby’s formula

-37TableB

Plant-damaging insects Phaedon cochleariae larvae test

<td> Active compounds</td><td> Concentration in ppm</td><td colspan="2"> Kill in % after 6^</td>

<td> thiodicarb</td><td> 100</td><td> 15</td><td></td>

<td> thiacloprid</td><td> 4</td><td> 0</td><td></td>

<td colspan="4"> thiodicarb + thiacloprid (25 :1)</td>

<td> according to the invention</td><td></td><td> found*</td><td> calc.</td>

<td></td><td> 100 + 4</td><td> 65</td><td> 15</td>

*found = activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby’s formula

-38Table Β

Plant-damaging insects

Phaedon cochieariae larvae test

Active compounds

Concentration Kill in ppm in % after

<td> thiodicarb</td><td> 100</td><td colspan="2"> 45</td>

<td> thiamethoxam</td><td> 4</td><td> 25</td><td></td>

<td colspan="4"> thiodicarb + thiamethoxam (25 : 1)</td>

<td> according to the invention</td><td></td><td> found*</td><td> calc.*</td>

<td></td><td> 100 + 4</td><td> 85</td><td> 58.75</td>

* found = activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby’s formula

-39547835

Example C

Plutella xylostella test (resistant strain)

Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide

Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oieracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with caterpillars of the diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella, resistant strain) while the leaves are still moist.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have been killed. The determined kill ratios are entered into Colby’s formula.

In this test, the following active compound combination according to the present application showed a synergistically enhanced activity compared to the active compounds applied on their own:

-40Table D

Plant-damaging insects Plutella xylostella (resistant strain) test

Active compounds

Concentration Kill in ppm in % after

<td> thiodicarb</td><td> 100</td><td colspan="2"> 15</td>

<td> thiacloprid</td><td> 100</td><td> 45</td><td></td>

<td colspan="4"> thiadicarb + thiacloprid (1:1)</td>

<td> according to the invention</td><td></td><td> found*</td><td> 0810/</td>

<td></td><td> 100 + 100</td><td> 90</td><td> 53.25</td>

♦found = activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby’s formula

-41Table D

Plant-damaging insects

Flutella xylostella (resistant strain) test

<td> Active compounds</td><td> Concentration in ppm</td><td colspan="2"> Kill in % after 6^</td>

<td> thiadicarb</td><td> 100</td><td> 5</td><td></td>

<td> thiamethoxam</td><td> 100</td><td> 75</td><td></td>

<td colspan="4"> thiadicarb + thiamethoxam (1: 1)</td>

<td> according to the invention</td><td></td><td> found*</td><td> calc.*</td>

<td></td><td> 100+100</td><td> 95</td><td> 76.25</td>

*found = activity found **calc. = activity calculated using Colby’s formula