Synergistic insecticidal compositions

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Synergistic insecticidal compositions BASF Aktiengesellschaft C.135237

I WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -1-

SYNERGISTIC INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Insecticidal agents and- compositions have been developed to control insect pests such as agrohorticultural pests, hygienic pests, or wood-eating pests and in practice have been used as a single or a 5 mixed agent. However, economically efficient and ecologically safe insect control compositions are still being sought. Insecticidal compositions which allow for reduced effective dosage rates, increased environmental safety and lower . incidence of insect 10 resistance are highly desirable. Although the rotational application of insect control agents having different modes of action may be adopted for good pest management practice, this approach does not necessarily give satisfactory insect control. Further, even though 15 combinations of insect control agents have been studied, a high synergistic action has not always been found. Obtaining an insecticidal composition which demonstrates no cross-resistance to existing insecticidal agents, no toxicity problems and little 20 negative impact on the environment is extremely difficult.

Therefore, it is an object of 'this invention to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition which demonstrates a high controlling effect with concomittant 25 reduced crop production cost and reduced environmental load. WO 00/54591 PCT/USOO/05879

It is another object of this invention to provide methods for synergistic, insect control and enhanced crop protection. 145255/2 -2-

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising a neuronal sodium channel antagonist of formula I or V:

Yp

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15

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R27 c. NN- Q'

I G' (V, wherein A ia CR4R5 or NR6; W ist O or S; . 2Q X, Y and Z are each independently H; halogen;.OH; GN; NO2; Ci-Ge-alkyl optionally Substituted with one or more halogen, C1-C3-alkoxy, Cx-C3-haloalkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, Ca-Cg-alkenyloxy or sulfonyloxy groups;

Ci-Ce-alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more 25 halogen, Ci-C3~alkoxy or C3-C6-cycloalkyl groups;

Cx-Ce-alkoxycarbonyl,· C3-C6-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, Ci-Ci-alkyl, or Ci-Ca-alkoxy groups; 3 0 aminocarbonyloxy optionally substituted with one or more Cx-C3-alkyl groups;

Cx-C 6-alkoxycarbonyl oxy; Cj-C e- al kyIsul f onyl oxy ; Ca-Cg-alkenyl; or NR1ZR13 ; m, p and &lt;3 are each independently an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2; R, R1, R2, R3 , R4 and R5 are each independently H or Ci-C4-alkyl; 145255/1 - 2a - R6 is H, Ci-Cg-alkyl, Ci-Cg-haloalkyl, Ci-Cg-alkoxyalkyl, Cj-Ce-alkoxy, Ci-Cg-haloalkoxy, C3-Cg-alkenyl,

Ca-Cg-alkynyl, Ci-Cg-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-Cg-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-Cg-alkylthio, or Ci-Cg-haloalkyl thio; R12 and R13 are each independently H or Ci-Cg-alkyl; Y" is H; halogen; CN; SCN; Ci-Cg-alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, NO2, CN, Ci-C4-alkoxy,

Ci-Ci-alkyl thio, phenyl, halophenyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-haloalkylsulfonyl, or Ci—Ci-alkoxycarbonyl groups; C2-C4-alkenyl» C2-C4-haloalkenyl; C2-C4-alkynyl; C2-C4-haloalkynyl; C3-Cg-cycloalkyl; C3~Cg—halocycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, CN, ΝΟ2» Ci-Ci-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-Ca-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkylthio, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl or Ci-C4-haloalkylsulfonyl groups; C1-C4-alkylcarbo»yl; Ci-Cd-haloalkylcarbonyl; or NR2aR29; G' is phenyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups which may be the same or different, selected from Y"; a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one or two heteroatoms selected from 0 or 1 oxygen, 0 or 1 sulfur and 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms said 5-membered heteroaromatic ring being attached via carbon and being optionally substituted with one or more groups which may be the same or different selected from Y'; or a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one or two heteroatams seleceted from 0 or 1 oxygen, 0 or 1 sulfur and 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms Baid 6-membered heteroaro-matic ring being attached via carbon and being optionally substituted with one or more groups which may be the same or different selected from Y'j Q' is H; Ci-Cg-alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, CN, Ci-C3-alkoxy, Ci-Cg-alkoxycarbonyl, or phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, CN, NO2, Ci-Ca-alkyl, Ci-Ci-haloalkyl, Ci—Ci-alkylsulfonyl or Ci-C4-alkylsulfinyl groups; 145255/1 -2b- C2-C6-alkenyl; C2-.C6-alkyn.yl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one to three groups, which may be the same or different, selected from X'; R26, R27, R2® and R29 are each independently H or Cj-Ca-alkyl; and the dotted line configuration

C— N represents a double bond or a single bond; or a stereoisomer thereof. and a compound selected from Group A: 1) 2) 3) 4) ;5V- 6) pyrethroid compounds selected from the group cypermethrin., cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin and permethrin; pyrethroid-type compounds selected from the group ethofenprox and silafluofen; recombinant nucleopolyhedroviruses capable of expressing an insect neuro toxin: HsNPV-AalT; organophosphate compounds selected from the group

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formafhi.din'e compounds Selected from the group amitraz, chlordimeform, hydrairtethylnori arid chlorfenami- dina; 7) macrocyclic lactone compounds selected from the group spxnosad, avermectin, emamectin, milbemectin, nema-dectin and moxidectin; 8) the amidinohydrazone compound hydramethylnon; 9) GABA antagonist compounds selected from the group fipronil and endosulfan; 10, acetylcholine receptor ligand compounds selected from the group imidaeloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram and thiamethoxam in eynergistically active amounts. WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -3-

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions " Acetylcholine receptor ligand compound " as used in this application means a compound which is capable 5 of binding to the acetylcholine receptor site. " Group A " as used in this application means insecticidal 1) 2) pyrethroid compounds; pyrethroid-type compounds; 10 3) recombinant nucleopolyhedroviruses capable of expressing an insect toxin; 4) organophosphate compounds; 5) carbamate compounds; 6) formamidine compounds; 15 7) macrocyclic lactone compounds; 8) amidinohydrazone compounds; 9) GABA antagonist compounds; and 10) acetylcholine receptor ligand compounds. " Haloalkyl" as used in this application means an 2 0 alkyl group CxH2x&gt;1 having 1 to 2x+l halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Similarly, the terms " haloalkenyl" , ’ haloalkynyl" , * haloalkoxy " , " halophenyl" and the like mean mono- to perhalogen substitution wherein the halogens may be the same or 25 different. " Halogen " as used in this application means Cl, Br, I or F. «Neuronal sodium channel antagonist" as used in this application means a compound which is capable of 30 preventing the ability of a neuron cell to transfer sodium ions across the cell, membrane. • Pyrethroid-type compounds " as used in this application means those compounds characterized by a non-ester linked aryl-phenoxybenzyl moiety. WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -4- « Synergism " as used in this application means a cooperative action encountered in a combination of two or more biologically active components in which the combined activity of the two or more components exceeds 5 the sum of the activity of each component alone.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that a composition which comprises a combination of a neuronal, sodium channel antagonist and a second insecticidal ingredient provides superior insect control at lower 10 levels of the combined active agents than may be achieved when the neuronal sodium channel antagonist or the second insecticidal ingredient is applied alone.

As previously stated, the term neuronal sodium channel antagonist designates a compound which is 15 capable of preventing the ability of a neuron cell to transfer sodium ions across the cell membrane. A neuron cell thus affected is. unable to fire, resulting in paralysis, and ultimately mortality, in the target host. Descriptions of neuronal sodium channel 20 antagonists and their mode of action may be found in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 60: 177-185 or Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 37: 91-103.

Neuronal sodium channel antagonists include 25 compounds such as those described in U.S. 5,543,573; U.S. 5,708,170; U.S. 5,324,837 and U.S. 5,462,938, among other publications. Exemplary of the neuronal sodium channel antagonist compounds useful in the composition of this invention are those compounds 30 having the structural formula WO 00/54591 PCI7US00/05879 10

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(III) (II) wherein A is CR4RS or NRS; W is O or S; X, Y, Z, x', Y’ and z' are each independently H; halogen; OH; CN; NO3; Cj-Cjalkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, Cx- C3alkoxy, Ci-Cjhaloalkoxy, C3-Cscycloalkyl, C2-Csalkenyloxy or sulfonyloxy groups;

Cj-Csalkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halogen, C3-C3alkoxy or C3-C5cycloalkyl groups;

Cj^-Cgalkoxycarbonyl, C3- C6cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, Cx-C4alkyl, or Cx-C4alkoxy groups; 15 WO 00/54591 PCT/USOO/05879 -6- aminocarbonyloxy optionally substituted with one or more Cx-C3alkyl groups;

Cx-C6alkoxycarbonyloxy; Cx - C6 al ky 1 sul f onyl oxy,· C2-Cealkenyl; or NRX2RX3; 5 m, p and q are each independently an integer of 1,. 2, 3 , 4, or 5; n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2; r is an integer of 1 or 2; t is an integer of 1, 2, 3 or 4; 10 . R, Rx, R2, R3, R4 and Rs are each independently H or

Cx-C4alkyl;

Rs is H, Cx-Cealkyl, Cx-C6haloalkyl, Cx-Gealkoxyalkyl, Cx-C6alkoxy, Cx-C6haloalkoxy, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, Cx-C6alkylcarbonyl, Cx-C6alkoxy- 15 carbonyl, Cx-C6alkylthio, or Cx- C6haloalkylthio; R7 and R8 are each independently H; halogen;

Cx-C6alkyl; Cx-Csalkylcarbonyloxy; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or more 20 halogen, CN, NO2, Cx-C6alkyl, C2-Cshalo- alkyl, Cx-Csalkoxy or Cx-C6haloalkoxy groups;

Rg and Rx0 are each independently H, or Cx-C4alkyl;. Rxx is H, Cx-C6alkyl, Cx-C6haloalkyl, Cx-C4alkyl- . / 25 carbonyl, Cx-C6alkoxycarbonyl, or Cx-C6halo- alkoxycarbonyl;

Rx2 and Rx3 are each independently H or Cx-Csalkyl; G is H; Cx-C6alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, Cx-C4alkoxy, Cx- 3 0 C6haloalkoxy, CN, NO2S(O)URX4, CORXS, CO2Rx6, phenyl or C3 - Cgcycloalkyl groups ;

Cx-C5alkoxy; Cx-Cshaloalkoxy; CN; NO2; S(O)uRX7; CORxb; CO2Rxs; phenyl optionally substituted 35 with one or more halogen, CN, Cx-C3halo- WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -7- 145255/2 alkyl, or Cx-C3haloalkoxy groups; C3-Cscycloalkyl; or phenylthio;' Q is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, CN, SCN, NO2, S(O)uR20, Cl- 5 C4alkyl, ,CX-C4hal oalkyl, Cx-C4alkoxyalkyl, Cl-Cjalkoxy, C,-Cshaloalkoxy, or NR2XR22 groups; u is an integer of 0, 1 or 2; RX4, RX3, Rx4, K-ia, 1^21 3--nd R22 are each 10 independently H or Cx-C6alkyl; R17 and R20 are each independently Cx-Csalkyl or

Cx-Cshaloalkyl; R22 is CO2R34; R34 is H, Cx-Cealkyl, Cx-C,;haloalkyl, phenyl or 15 halophenyl; and the dotted line configuration C.t:N represents a double bond or a single bond (i.e» C-N or C=N); or a stereoisomer thereof.

Preferred neuronal sodium channel antagonists 20 suitable for use in the composition of the invention are those compounds of formula I, II or III wherein the dotted line configuration C-— N represents a double bond.

More preferred neuronal sodium channel antagonists '· 25 suitable for use in the inventive composition are those compounds of formula I or formula III wherein the . dotted line configuration represents a double bond.

Particularly preferred neuronal sodium channel antagonists useful in the composition of the invention 30 are those compounds of formula I or formula III wherein W is Ο; X is trifluoromethoxy and is in the 4-position; Y is trifluoromethyl and is in the 3-position; Z is CN and is in the 4-position; A is CH2; n is 0; m, p and q are each 1; R and Rx are each Η; Z1 is Cl; R33 and G are 35 each CO2CH3; Q is p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl; and the WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -8- dotted line configuration C-—N represents a double bond; or a stereoisomer thereof.

Further neuronal sodium channel antagonist compounds include those described in U.S. 5,116,850 and 5 U.S. 5,304,573, among other publications. Exemplary of further neuronal sodium channel antagonist compounds suitable for use in the composition of the invention are those compounds having structural formula

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Y" m l2ell J)—N—C—C—NN- 27 (V) wherein W is O or S; X" and Y* are each independently H; halogen; CN; 15 SCN; Cx-Cealkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, NO2, CN, Cx-C4alkoxy, Cx-C4alkylthio, phenyl, halophenyl,

Cx-C,alkylsulfonyl, Cx- 20 . C4haloalkylsulfonyl, or Cx- C4alkoxycarbonyl groups; C2-C4alkenyl; C2-C4haloalkenyl; C2-C4alkynyl; C2-C4haloalkynyl; C3-C6cycloalkyl; C3-C6halocycloalkyl; phenyl optionally 25 substituted with one or more halogen, CN, N02, Cx-C4alkyl, Cx-C4haloalkyl, Cx-C4alkoxy, Cx-C4haloalkoxy, Cx-C4alkylthio, Cx-C4alkylsulfonyl or Cx-C4haloalkylsulfonyl groups;

Cx-C4 alkyl carbonyl; Cx-C4haloalkylcarbonyl; or 30 PCT/US00/05879 -9- WO 00/54591 10 15 20 25 30 ^R28R29 / m is an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; G' is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more groups which may be the same or . different selected from X' ; a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one or two heteroatoms selected from 0 or 1 oxygen, 0 or 1 sulfur and 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms said 5-membered heteroaromatic ring being attached via carbon and being optionally substituted with one or more groups which may be the same or different selected from X' ; or a 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing one or two heteroatoms selected from 0 or 1 oxygen, 0 or 1 sulfur and 0, 1 or 2 *! nitrogen atoms said 6-membered heteroaromatic ring being attached via carbon and being optionally substituted with one or more groups which may be the same or different selected from X' ; Q' is H; Cx-Csalkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, ..CN, Cx-C3alkoxy, Cx-C6alkoxycarbonyl, or phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, CN, NO2, Cx-C4alkyl, Cx-C„haloalkyl,

Cx-C4alkylsulfonyl or Cx-C4alkyl-sulfinyl groups; C2-C6alkenyl; C2-Csalkynyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one to three groups, which may be the same or different, selected from X’ ; R23, r2«, R25/ Rae» R27/ R28 and R29 are each independently H or Cx-C4alkyl; and the dotted 35 WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -10- , line configuration C--r:N represents a double bond or a single bond (i.e. C-N or C=N); or a stereoisomer thereof.

Further preferred neuronal sodium channel 5 antagonist compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula IV or V wherein' the dotted line configuration C.—N represents a double bond.

Other preferred neuronal sodium channel antagonist compounds suitable for use in the composition of the

10 invention are those compounds of formula IV or V wherein W is Ο; X’ and Y’ are each independently H or C1-C6haloalkyl; m is 1; R23, R24, R25, R26 and R27 are each H; G is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; Q' is halophenyl or Cx-C,alkyl optionally 15 substituted with one phenyl or halophenyl group; and the dotted line configuration C-~N represents a double bond; or a stereoisomer thereof.

The second active ingredient of the insecticidal composition of the invention includes one or more 20 compounds selected from Group A: 1) pyrethroid compounds which are known to be insecticidally active such as cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, permethrin or the like; 2) pyrethroid-type compounds which are known to 25 be insecticidally active such as ethofenprox, silafluofen, or the like; 3) recombinant nucleopolyhedroviruses capable, of expressing an insect toxin, preferably an insect neurotoxin such as Androctonus australis insect toxin 30 (AalT), for example HzNPV-AalT; 4) organophosphate compounds which are known to be insecticidally active such as profenofos, acephate, sulprofos, malathion, diazinon, methyl parathion, terbufos, or the like; WO 00/54591 PCT/USOO/05879 -11- 5) carbamate compounds which are known to be insecticidally active such as methomyl, thiodicarb, fenothiocarb, or the like; 6) formamidine compounds which are known to be . 5 insecticidally active such as amitraz, chlordimeform, hydramethylnon, chlorfenamidine, or the like; , • 7) macrocyclic lactone compounds which are known to be insecticidally active such as spinosad, avermectin, emamectin, milbemectin, .nemadectin, 10 moxidectin or the like; 8) amidinohydrazone compounds which are known to be insecticidally active such as hydramethylnon; 9) GABA antagonist compounds which are known to be insecticidally effective such as fipronil, 15 endosulfan, or the like; '10) acetylcholine receptor ligand, compounds which 1 are known to be insecticidally effective such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, or the like . .20 Descriptions of the above-listed commercially available compounds may be found in The Pesticide Manual, 11th Edition, British Crop Protection Council (1997)among other publications. Descriptions of recombinant nucleopolyhedroviruses capable of 25 expressing an insect toxin include Treacy et al,

Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conference (1999), pp 1076-1083.

Preferred compositions.of the invention are those compositions having a neuronal sodium channel 30 antagonist compound of formula I or formula III in combination with one or more compounds selected from Group A.

More preferred compositions of the invention are those compositions having a formula I or formula III 35 compound wherein W is Ο; X is trifluoromethoxy and is in WO 00/54591 145255/2 PCT/US00/05879 -12- the 4-position; Y is trifluoromethyl and is in the 3-position; Z is CN and is in the 4-position; Ais-CH2;n is 0; m, p and q are each independently .1; R and Rx are each independently H; Z' is Cl; . R33 and G are each 5 independently CO2CH3; Q is p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl; and the dotted line configuration G~N represents a double bond in combination with one or more compounds selected from Group A.

Each of the compounds of formula I, II, III, IV 10 and V embody assymetric centers which may be represented in the stereoisomeric R-form or S-form. • The present invention also includes the R-form, the S-form or mixtures comprising the R-form and the S-form in an arbitrary ratio. For compounds of formula III/ 15' the S-form is preferred.

Advantageously, the neuronal sodium-channel antagonist compound of formula I, II, III, IV or V or a; mixture thereof may be formulated with a second insecticidally effective ingredient and optionally other 20 customary formulation adjuvants. Said formulation may . be dispersed in a solid or liquid diluent for application to the insect, its food supply, breeding ground or habitat as a dilute spray or as a solid dust . or dust concentrate. 25 The active ingredients of·the inventive composition may also be formulated separately as a wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, aqueous or liquid flowable, suspension concentrate or any one of the conventional formulations used for insect control 3 0 agents and tank-mixed in the field with water or other • inexpensive liquid for application as a liquid spray mixture. The separately formulated compositions may also be applied sequentially.

Advantageously, the composition of the invention 3 5 may be formulated as a bait composition comprising a. WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -13- synergistically effective amount of a combination of a neuronal sodium channel antagonist plus one or more compounds selected from Group A and a solid or liquid edible nutritive substance. A preferred bait 5 composition may contain by weight about 0.01% to 20% active ingredients, preferably a neuronal sodium channel antagonist in combination with hydramethylnon.

In actual practice, the composition of the invention may be applied to the plant foliage or plant 10 stem or to the insect habitat or to the locus of a hygienic pest as a dilute spray prepared from any of the above-said formulations. The ratio of the essential active ingredients of the composition of. the invention is about 1 weight part of a neuronal sodium 15 channel antagonist to about 0.01-100 weight parts of one or more compounds selected from Group A.

The compositions of the invention are superior insecticidal compositions and are especially useful for the control of agrohorticultural pests, hygienic pests 20 or wood-eating pests. Said compositions are highly effective for the protection of growing and harvested plants including: leguminous crops such as soybeans, snap beans, peas, wax beans and the like as well as cotton, forage crops, cole crops, leafy vegetables, 25 tobacco, hops, tomatoes, potatoes, flowering ornamentals such as chrysanthemums, vine crops such as grapes, squash, pumpkin or melon and fruit trees such as cherry, peach, apple or citrus, from the ravages of insects. 30 The synergistic insecticidal composition of the invention is found to be highly active against a wide variety of lepidopteran and coleopteran insects such as Helicoverpa zea (cotton bollworm), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm), Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Colorado WO 00/54591 PCT/USOO/05879 ' -14- potato beetle), Diabrotica spp. (corn rootworm) and the like.

Beneficially, the composition of the invention may be useful for the prevention and control of hygienic or 5 . public health pests such as: Diptera, e.g. houseflies, mosquitoes, or the like; Hymenoptera, e.g. ants, parasitic wasps, wasps or the like; Blattaria, e.g. cockroaches; or the like.

Further, the compositions of the invention may be 10 particularly useful for the prevention and control of wood-eating insects such as termites (Isoptera), carpenter ants (Hymenoptera), wood-destroying beetles (Coleoptera) or the like.

These and other advantages of the invention may 15 become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of the invention and are not. intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.

I WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 EXAMPLE 1

Evaluation of the Synergistic Insecticidal Effect of a Combination of a Neuronal Sodium Channel 5 Antagonist Plus a Second Insecticide

In this evaluation,. Heliothis zea (cotton bollworm), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) and pyrethroid-resistant Heliothis virescens larvae used are obtained from laboratory colonies. Pyrethroid-resistant 10 H. virescens are derived from the PEG-strain [Campannola &amp;amp; Plapp, Proceedings of Beltwide Cotton Conference (1988)] .

Cotton leaves are immersed in 1:1 v/v, acetone/water solutions of test compound, or solutions i( 15 of a combination of test compounds for a period of about 3 seconds. Following immersion, leaves are allowed to air-dry for 2-3 hours. Plastic bioassay trays containing multiple open-faced wells (4.0 x 4.0 x 2.5 cm) are used as the test arenas. Cut portions of a 20 treated leaf, a moistened cotton dental wick and a single third-instar larva are placed into each well, covered with an adhesive vented clear plastic sheet and held under constant fluorescent light at about 27°C for a predetermined period of time. Larval 25 mortality/morbidity is evaluated at 5 days after treatment. All treatments are replicated 4-5 fold in a randomized complete block design with 16-32 larvae per treatment. Using conventional log-probit analysis, the LCS0 of each treatment is determined. 30' Using the above protocol, a neuronal sodium channel antagonist (Compound A) may be evaluated alone at dose rates of 0.1 ppm, 1.0 ppm and 10.0 ppm and in combination with 1.0 ppm of a second insecticidal WO 00/54591 PCT/USOO/05879 -16- compound. Treatments which may be used are shown in Table I. WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -17-

Table I

Second Dose Compound Al

Active Compound Rate Dose Rate (•ppm) (oom) ΪΕΕ®λ (•Ppm) (ppm) cypermethrin 0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 1.0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 amitraz 0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 1.0 0 o.i 1.0 10.0 fipronil 0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 1.0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 acetamiprid 0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 1.0 .0 0.1 . 1.0 10.0 spinosad 0 0 . 0.1 1.0 10.0 1.0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 thiodicarb 0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 1.0 0 0.1 1.0 10.0 ’'Compound A = formula Ia neuronal sodium channel antagonist

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CN WO 00/54591 PCT/USOO/05879 -18- EXAMPLE 2

Evaluation of the Synergistic Insecticidal Effect Of a

Combination Of A Neuronal Sodium Channel Antagonist 5 Plus an Amidinohydrazone

In this evaluation., adult male German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) are used. For each test, a 4.0 g portion of ground Purina Dog Chow (Hi-Pro Gio*) is treated with an acetone solution of test compound alone 10 or in combination with a second test compound. After treatment, the acetone is evaporated and the treated dog chow is placed in a 3/4 oz plastic cup which is placed in a harborage made of folded sheets of blotter paper placed in a plastic box (IS" L x 11" W x 6" H) . 15 The plastic box (test arena) is also fitted with a 1 oz narrow mouth bottle with 2 dental wicks inserted at the mouth. A control box is prepared in the same manner using ground dog chow which has been treated with reagent grade acetone. Each treatment is replicated 20 three times. Into each test arena are placed 20 healthy adult male cockroaches which have been reared in an insectary. The test arenas are then stored at 76°F and mortality is determined daily by visual examination. The data obtained are shown in Table II. WO 00/54591 PCT/US00/05879 -19-

Table II % Mortality

Teat Compound % Ac tive Days After Treatment Ingredien 3 4 5 6 7 8 A1 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 0.10 1.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 18.3· 18.3 A 0.50 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5,0' ' B2 1.00 0 5.0 28.3 71.7 90.0 93.3 . A+B 0.05+1.0 0 20.0 41.7 81.7 95.0 98.3 A+B 0.10+1.0 0 21.7 51.7 88.3 95.0 95.0 A+B 0.50+1.0 16.7 58.3 80.0 95.0 98.3 100.0 . Control 0 0 1.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 5.0 Compound A = formula Ia neuronal sodium channel antagonist ’Compound B = hydramethylnon

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As can be seen from the data shown in Table II, combinations of a neuronal sodium channel antagonist plus an amidinohydrazone insecticide demonstrate synergistic insect control. WO 00/54591 PCT/USOO/05879 -20- EXAMPLE 3

Evaluation of the Synergistic Insecticidal Effect Of a

Combination Of A Neuronal Sodium Channel Antagonist

Plus A Recombinant Nucleopolvhedrovirus Capable Of

Expressing An InBect Toxin

In this evaluation, Helicoverpa zea (cotton bollworm) larvae are obtained from a laboratory coloriy. Test compounds are dissolved in 1:1 v/v acetone/water. Plastic bioassay trays (C-D International, Pitman, NJ) 5 are used as test arenas. Each tray contains 32 open-faced wells, 4.0 x 4.0 x 2.5 cm. A portion (5 ml) of a wheat germ-soybean flour-based artificial diet (Southland Products, Lake Village, AR) is poured into each well. After the diet hardened, 0.4 ml of test 10 solution is pipetted onto the diet surface in each well. Test solutions are evenly spread over surfaces of diet by picking up the tray and gently tilting it from side to side. Trays are then held in a vented area for about 2 h, until water is no longer pooled on diet 15 surfaces. A single 4-day-old H. zea larva is then placed on the surface of diet in each well. After larval infestation, each well is covered with an adhesive, vented, clear plastic sheet.

All test arenas are held under constant

20 fluorescent light and a temperature of about 27°C for duration of the assay. Larval mortality is determined at 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after treatment. A larva was considered to be dead if it exhibited little to no movement, even after being shaken in the diet tray. A 25 total of 32 insects were tested for each treatment. WO 00/54591 -21-

The data obtained are shown in Table III.

Table III PCT/US00/05879

Test Compound Cone. of Active Ingredient % Mortality 2 Days After Treatment 3 4 7 A1 0.1 ppm 43.8 46.9 53.1 53.1 B2 1000 OB3/ml 3.1 34.4 50.0 62.5 B 500 OB/ml 0.0 9.4 18.8 40.6 B 100 OB/ml 3.1 3.1. 3 -1 15.6 A+B 0.1+1000 87.5 90.6 93.8 96.9 A+B 0.1+500 75.0 78.1 84.4 . 87.5 A+B 0.1+100 62.5 75.0 75.0 78.1 Control 0 3.1 3.1 3.1 '3.1 ’Compound A = formula Ia neuronal sodium channel antagonist ’Compound.B = HzNPV-AalT, Helicoverpa zea Nucleopolyhedrovirus which expresses Androctonus australis insect toxin 3OB = viral occlusion bodies

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(Ia)

As can be seen from the data shown in Table III, combinations of a neuronal sodium channel antagonist plus a recombinant nucleopolyhedrovirus which is WO 00/54591 145255/2 PCT/US00/05879 -22- capable of expressing an insect toxin demonstrate synergistic insect control. ***************************************

Passages of the description, which are not within the scope of the claims, do not consist part of the claimed invention.