Power surface mount light emitting die package

RELATED APPPLICATIONS

0001The present applications a continuation-in-part of United States Patent Application Serial No. <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US10446532B"><text>10/446,532</text></patcit> entitled "Power Surface Mount Light Emitting Die Package" filed May 27, 2003, which claims the benefit of United States Provisional Application Serial No. <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="US60408254B"><text>60/408,254</text></patcit> entitled "Power-SMT, LED Package with Dual Heat-Sinks and an Optical System or Chemical-Coated Lens" filed September 4, 2002.

BACKGROUND

0002The present invention relates to the field of packaging semiconductor devices, and more particularly to packaging light emitting diodes.

0003Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are often packaged within leadframe packages. A leadframe package typically includes a molded plastic body which encapsulates an LED, a lens portion, and thin metal leads connected to the LED and extending outside the plastic body. The metal leads of the leadframe package serve as the conduit to supply the LED with electrical power and, at the same time, may act to draw heat away from the LED. Heat is generated by the LED when power is applied to the LED to produce light. A portion of the leads extends out from the package body for connection to circuits external to the leadframe package.

0004Some of the heat generated by the LED is dissipated by the plastic package body; however, most of the heat is drawn away from the LED via the metal components of the package. The metal leads are typically very thin and have a small cross section. For this reason, capacity of the metal leads to remove heat from the LED is limited. This limits the amount of power that can be sent to the LED thereby limiting the amount of light that can be generated by the LED.

0005For example, <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="EP1059678A2"><text>EP 1 059 678 A2</text></patcit> discloses a hybrid integrated circuit device as a light irradiation device having LEDs mounted on conductive traces, being insulated from a metal substrated by an electrically insulating film. Light emitting elements such as LEDs are mounted on the pattern in the form of a series circuit. Metal substrates in each of which the series connection is formed are connected to one another in parallel. Because Ni has a good corrosion resistance and a high reflection efficiency, Ni-covered surfaces of the substrates are used as reflective plates. A lens is formed for each of the LED elements. The substrate functions as a heat sink.

0006To increase the capacity of an LED package to dissipate heat, in another LED package design, a heat sink slug is placed under the metal leads within the LED package. The heat sink slug increases the capacity of the LED package to dissipate heat; however, the heat sink slug increases the size, the mass, and the cost of the LED package. Increases in the size, the mass, and the cost are undesirable.

0007In another LED package design, the leads of the leadframe are extended (in various shapes and configurations) beyond the immediate edge of the LED package body. This increases the surface area of the portions of the leads exposed to the surrounding air. The increased exposed surface area of the extended leads increases the capacity of the LED package to dissipate heat; however, the extended leads increase the size, the mass, and the cost of the LED package.

0008<patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="US6274924B1"><text>US 6 274 924 B1</text></patcit> discloses a LED package, wherein a top-mounted heat sink defining a reflective surface substantially surrounding the LED chip is coupled to a molded lead frame.

0009Another undesirable aspect of the current leadframe package design relates to problems associated with thermal expansion of the package. When heat is generated, the LED package experiences thermal expansion. Each of the parts of the LED package has a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). For example, the CTE of the LED, the CTE of the package body, the CTE of the leads, and the CTE of lens are different from each other. For this reason, when heated, each of these parts experience different degrees of thermal expansion resulting in mechanical stresses between the parts of the package thereby adversely affecting its reliability.

0010Consequently, there remains a need for an improved LED package that overcomes or alleviates one or more of the shortcomings of the prior art packages.

SUMMARY

0011The invention is defined in claim 1. Embodiments of the present invention provide a package for a semiconductor die such as a light emitting diode, the package including a substrate having electrically conductive elements for connecting to a light emitting diode at a mounting pad, a reflector plate coupled to the substrate and substantially surrounding the mounting pad, and lens substantially covering the mounting pad.

0012Other embodiments of the present invention provide a semiconductor die package which includes a bottom heat sink and a top heat sink. The bottom heat sink may have traces on its top surface. A semiconductor chip may be mounted on the top surface of the bottom heat sink and electrically connected to the traces. The top heat sink may be mechanically coupled to the bottom heat sink.

0013In other embodiments, the bottom heat sink may include a thermally and electrically conductive plate having first and second surfaces. The plate may comprise a metal such as copper, aluminum or alloys of either. A thin, thermally conductive insulating film is formed on portions of the first surface of the metal plate and may be formed on other surfaces of the metal plate.

0014Conductive elements such as metal traces and/or metal leads may be formed on the ceramic/polymer film. Since the ceramic/polymer film is insulating, the conductive traces are not in electrical contact with the metal plate. The conductive element may form or be electrically connected to a mounting pad adapted to receive an electronic device such as an LED.

0015In some embodiments, one or more via holes may be formed through the substrate. In some embodiments, the via holes may be coated internally with an insulating material such as the ceramic/polymer film. Electrical conductors such as electrically conductive traces may be formed in the via holes to electrically connect conductive elements on the first surface of the substrate to conductive elements on the second surface of the substrate.

0016A substrate according to embodiments of the present invention may also include electronic circuitry such as a zener diode and/or a resistor network connected between one or more conductive elements for electro-static discharge (ESD) and/or over-voltage protection.

0017Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principles of the invention.

BRIEF OF THE DRAWINGS

0018<figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref> is a perspective view of a semiconductor die package according to one embodiment of the present invention;

0019<figref idref="f0002">Figure 1B</figref> is an exploded perspective view of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref>;

0020<figref idref="f0003">Figure 2A</figref> is a top view of a portion of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref>;

0021<figref idref="f0003">Figure 2B</figref> is a side view of a portion of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref>;

0022<figref idref="f0003">Figure 2C</figref> is a front view of a portion of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref>;

0023<figref idref="f0004">Figure 2D</figref> is a bottom view of a portion of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref>;

0024<figref idref="f0005">Figure 3</figref> is a cut-away side view of portions of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref>;

0025<figref idref="f0005">Figure 4</figref> is a side view of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref> with additional elements;

0026<figref idref="f0006">Figure 5</figref> an exploded perspective view of a semiconductor die package according to another embodiment of the present invention;

0027<figref idref="f0007">Figure 6A</figref> is a top view of a portion of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0006">Figure 5</figref>;

0028<figref idref="f0007">Figure 6B</figref> is a side view of a portion of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0006">Figure 5</figref>;

0029<figref idref="f0007">Figure 6C</figref> is a front view of a portion of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0006">Figure 5</figref>;

0030<figref idref="f0007">Figure 6D</figref> is a bottom view of a portion of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0006">Figure 5</figref>;

0031<figref idref="f0008">Figure 7A</figref> is a top view of a portion of a semiconductor package according to another embodiments of the present invention;

0032<figref idref="f0008">Figure 7B</figref> is a front view of the portions of a semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0008">Figure 7A</figref>;

0033<figref idref="f0008">Figure 7C</figref> is a cut-away front view of the portion of a semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0008">Figure 7A</figref> taken along line A-A;

0034<figref idref="f0009">Figure 8</figref> is a side view of a portion of a semiconductor package according to another embodiment of the present invention;

0035<figref idref="f0009">Figure 9</figref> is a side view of a portion of a semiconductor package according to another embodiment of the present invention;

0036<figref idref="f0010">Figure 10A</figref> is a top view of a portion of a semiconductor package according to another embodiments of the present invention; and

0037<figref idref="f0010">Figure 10B</figref> is a top view of a portion of a semiconductor package according to anther embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

0038The present invention will now be described with reference to the <figref idref="f0002 f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006 f0007 f0008 f0009 f0010">Figures 1 through 10B</figref>, which illustrate various embodiments of the present invention. As illustrated in the Figures, the sizes of layers or regions are exaggerated for illustrative purposes and, thus, are provided to illustrate the general structures of the present invention. Furthermore, various aspects of the present invention are described with reference to a layer or structure being formed on a substrate or other layer or structure. As will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, references to a layer being formed "on" another layer or substrate contemplates that additional layers may intervene. References to a layer being formed on another layer or substrate without an intervening layer are described herein as being formed "directly on" the layer or substrate. Furthermore, relative terms such as beneath may be used herein to describe one layer or regions relationship to another layer or region as illustrated in the Figures. It will be understood that these terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures. For example, if the device in the Figures is turned over, layers or regions described as "beneath" other layers or regions would now be oriented "above" these other layers or regions. The term "beneath" is intended to encompass both above and beneath in this situation. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

0039As shown in the figures for the purposes of illustration, embodiments of the present invention are exemplified by a light emitting die package including a bottom heat sink (substrate) having traces for connecting to a light emitting diode at a mounting pad and a top heat sink (reflector plate) substantially surrounding the mounting pad. A lens covers the mounting pad In effect, the die package according to some embodiments of the present invention comprises a two part heat sink with the bottom heat sink utilized (in additional to its utility for drawing and dissipating heat) as the substrate on which the LED is mounted and connected, and the top heat sink utilized (in additional to its utility for drawing and dissipating heat) as a reflector plate to direct light produced by the LED. Because both the bottom and the top heat sinks draw heat away from the LED, more power can be delivered to the LED, and the LED can thereby produce more light.

0040Further, in the present invention, the die package itself may act as the heat sink removing heat from the LED and dissipating it. For this reason, the LED die package of the present invention may not require separate heat sink slugs or leads that extend away from the package. Accordingly, an LED die package according to the present invention may be more compact, more reliable, and less costly to manufacture than a die package of the prior art.

0041<figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref> is a perspective view of a semiconductor die package 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention and <figref idref="f0002">Figure 1B</figref> is an exploded perspective view of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref>. Referring to <figref idref="f0001">Figures 1A</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">1B</figref>, the light emitting die package 10 of the present invention includes a bottom heat sink 20, a top heat sink 40, and a lens 50.

0042The bottom heat sink 20 is illustrated in more detail in <figref idref="f0003 f0004">Figures 2A through 2D</figref>. <figref idref="f0003">Figures 2A, 2B, 2C</figref>, and <figref idref="f0004">2D</figref> provide, respectively, a top view, a side view, a front view, and a bottom view of the bottom heat sink 20 of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1A</figref>. Further, <figref idref="f0003">Figure 2C</figref> also shows an LED assembly 60 in addition to the front view of the bottom heat sink 20. The LED assembly 60 is also illustrated in <figref idref="f0002">Figure 1B</figref>. Referring to <figref idref="f0001 f0002 f0003 f0004">Figures 1A through 2D</figref>, the bottom heat sink 20 provides support for electrical traces 22 and 24; for solder pads 26, 32, and 34; and for the LED assembly 60. For this reason, the bottom heat sink 20 is also referred to as a substrate 20. In the Figures, to avoid clutter, only representative solder pads 26, 32, and 34 are indicated with reference numbers. The traces 22 and 24 and the solder pads 26, 32, and 34 can be fabricated using conductive material. Further, additional traces and connections can be fabricated on the top, side, or bottom of the substrate 20, or layered within the substrate 20. The traces 22 and 24, the solder pads 26, 32, and 34, and any other connections can be interconnected to each other in any combinations using known methods, for example via holes.

0043In some embodiments, the substrate 20 may be made of material having high thermal conductivity but is electrically insulating, for example, aluminum nitride (AlN) or alumina (Al₂O₃). In other embodiments, such as the embodiments described below in connection with <figref idref="f0008 f0009 f0010">Figures 7A through 10B</figref>, the substrate 20 may comprise a material that is both electrically and thermally conductive. In such embodiments, the metal leads, conductive traces 22 and 24, or both may be insulated from the substrate by means of an insulating film formed on portions of the substrate as described in more detail below. Dimensions of the substrate 20 can vary widely depending on application and processes used to manufacture the die package 10. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the substrate 20 may have dimensions' ranging from fractions of millimeters (mm) to tens of millimeters. Although the present invention is not limited to particular dimensions, one specific embodiment of the die package 10 of the present invention is illustrated in Figures having the dimensions denoted therein. All dimensions shown in the Figures are in millimeters (for lengths, widths, height, and radii) and degrees (for angles) except as otherwise designated in the Figures, in the Specification herein, or both.

0044The substrate 20 has a top surface 21, the top surface 21 including the electrical traces 22 and 24. The traces 22 and 24 provide electrical connections from the solder pads (for example top solder pads 26) to a mounting pad 28. The top solder pads 26 may comprise portions of the traces 22 and 24 generally proximal to sides of the substrate 20. The top solder pads 26 are electrically connected to side solder pads 32. The mounting pad 28 is a portion of the top surface (including portions of the trace 22, the trace 24, or both) where the LED assembly 60 is mounted. Typically the mounting pad 28 is generally located proximal to center of the top surface 21. In alternative embodiments of the present invention the LED assembly 60 can be replaced by other semiconductor circuits or chips.

0045The traces 22 and 24 provide electrical routes to allow the LED assembly 60 to electrically connect to the solder pads 26, 32, or 34. Accordingly, some of the traces are referred to as first traces 22 while other traces are referred to as second traces 24. In the illustrated embodiment, the mounting pad 28 includes portions of both the first traces 22 and the second traces 24. In the illustrated example, the LED assembly 60 is placed on the first trace 22 portion of the mounting pad 28 thereby making contact with the first trace 22. In the illustrated embodiment, top of the LED assembly 60 and the second traces 24 are connected to each other via a bond wire 62. Depending on the construction and orientation of LED assembly 60, first traces 22 may provide anode (positive) connections and second traces 24 may comprise cathode (negative) connections for the LED assembly 60 (or vice versa).

0046The LED assembly 60 can include additional elements. For example, in <figref idref="f0002">Figures 1B</figref> and <figref idref="f0003">2C</figref>, the LED assembly 60 is illustrated including the LED bond wire 62, an LED subassembly 64, and a light emitting diode (LED) 66. Such LED subassembly 64 is known in the art and is illustrated for the purposes of discussing the invention and is not meant to be a limitation of the present invention. In the Figures, the LED assembly 60 is shown die-attached to the substrate 20. In alternative embodiments, the mounting pad 28 can be configured to allow flip-chip attachment of the LED assembly 60. Additionally, multiple LED assemblies can be mounted on the mounting pad 28. In alternative embodiments, the LED assembly 60 can be mounted over multiple traces. This is especially true if flip-chip technology is used.

0047The topology of the traces 22 and 24 can vary' widely from the topology illustrated in the Figures while still remaining within the scope of the present invention. In the Figures, three separate cathode (negative) traces 24 are shown to illustrate that three LED assemblies can be placed on the mounting pad 28, each connected to a different cathode (negative) trace; thus, the three LED assemblies may be separately electrically controllable. The traces 22 and 24 are made of conductive material such as gold, silver, tin, or other metals. The traces 22 and 24 can have dimensions as illustrated in the Figures and having thickness in the order of microns or tens of microns depending on application. For example, the traces 22 and 24 can be 15 microns thick. <figref idref="f0001">Figures 1A</figref> and <figref idref="f0003">2A</figref> illustrate an orientation marking 27. Such markings can be used to identify the proper orientation of the die package 10 even after assembling the die package 10. The traces 22 and 24, as illustrated, can extend from the mounting pad 28 to sides of the substrate 20.

0048Continuing to refer to <figref idref="f0001 f0002 f0003 f0004">Figures 1A through 2D</figref>, the substrate 20 defines semi-cylindrical spaces 23 and quarter-cylindrical spaces 25 proximal to its sides. In the Figures, to avoid clutter, only representative spaces 23 and 25 are indicated with reference numbers. The semi-cylindrical spaces 23 and the quarter-cylindrical spaces 25 provide spaces for solder to flow-through and solidify-in when the die package 10 is attached to a printed circuit board (PCB) or another apparatus (not shown) to which the die package 10 is a component thereof. Moreover, the semi-cylindrical spaces 23 and the quarter-cylindrical spaces 25 provide convenient delineation and break points during the manufacturing process.

0049The substrate 20 can be manufactured as one individual section of a strip having a plurality of adjacent sections, each section being a substrate 20. Alternatively, the substrate 20 can be manufactured as one individual section of an array of sections, the array having multiple rows and columns of adjacent sections. In such configuration, the semi-cylindrical spaces 23 and quarter-cylindrical spaces 25 can be utilized as handles for the strip or the array during the manufacturing process.

0050Further, the semi-cylindrical spaces 23 and the quarter-cylindrical spaces 25, combined with scribed grooves or other etchings between the sections, assist in separating each individual substrate from the strip or the wafer. The separation can be accomplished by introducing physical stress to the etched lines (crossing the semi-cylindrical spaces 23 and the quarter-cylindrical spaces 25) by bending the strip or the wafer. These features simplify the manufacturing process thus reducing costs by eliminating the need for special carrier fixtures to handle the strip or the wafer during the manufacturing process. Further, the semi-cylindrical spaces 23 and the quarter-cylindrical spaces 25 may serve as via holes connecting the top solder pads 26, the side solder pads 32, and the bottom solder pads 34.

0051The substrate 20 has a bottom surface 29 including a thermal contact pad 36. The thermal contact pad can be fabricated using material having high heat conductivity such as gold, silver, tin, or other material including but not limited to precious metals.

0052<figref idref="f0005">Figure 3</figref> illustrates a cut-away side view of portions of the semiconductor package of <figref idref="f0001">Figures 1A</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">1B</figref>. In particular, the <figref idref="f0005">Figure 3</figref> illustrates a cut-away side view of the top heat sink 40 and the lens 50. Referring to <figref idref="f0001">Figures 1A</figref>, <figref idref="f0002">1B</figref>, and <figref idref="f0005">3</figref>, the top heat sink 40 is made from material having high thermal conductivity such as aluminum, copper, ceramics, plastics, composites, or a combination of these materials. A high temperature, mechanically tough, dielectric material can be used to overcoat the traces 22 and 24 (with the exception of the central die-attach area) to seal the traces 22 and 24 and provide protection from physical and environmental harm such as scratches and oxidation. The overcoating process can be a part of the substrate manufacturing process. The overcoat, when used, also insulates the substrate 20 from the top heat sink 40. The overcoat may then covered with a high temperature adhesive such as thermal interface material manufactured by THERMOSES that bonds the substrate 20 with the top heat sink 40.

0053The top heat sink 40 may include a reflective surface 42 substantially surrounding the LED assembly 60 mounted on the mounting pad 28 (of <figref idref="f0003">Figures 2A and 2C</figref>). The reflective surface 42 reflects portions of light from the LED assembly 60 as illustrated by sample light rays 63. Other portions of the light are not reflected by the reflective surface 42 as illustrated by sample light ray 61. Illustrative light rays 61 and 63 are not meant to represent light traces often use in the optical arts. For efficient reflection of the light, the top heat sink 40 is preferably made from material that can be polished, coined or both. Alternatively, to achieve high reflectivity, the optical reflective surface 42 or the entire heat sink 40 can be plated or deposited with high reflective material such as silver, aluminum, or another substance that serves the purpose. For this reason, the top heat sink 40 is also referred to as a reflector plate 40. The reflector plate 40 is made of material having high thermal conductivity if and when required by the thermal performance of the package 10.

0054In the illustrated embodiment, the reflective surface 42 is illustrated as a flat surface at an angle, for example 45 degrees, relative to the reflective plate's horizontal plane. The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. For example, the reflective surface 42 can be at a different angle relative to the reflective plate's horizontal plane. Alternatively, the reflective plate can have a parabolic or another shape.

0055The reflective plate 40 includes a ledge 44 for supporting and coupling with the lens 50. The LED assembly 60 is encapsulated within the die package 10 (of <figref idref="f0001">Figures 1A</figref> and <figref idref="f0002">1B</figref>) using encapsulation material 46 such as, for example only, silicone. The encapsulation material 46 is preferably high temperature polymer with high light transmissivity and refractive index that matches refractive index of the lens 50.

0056The lens 50 is made from material having high light transmissivity such as, for example only, glass, quartz, high temperature plastic, or a combination of these materials. The lens 50 may be placed in contact with the encapsulation material 46. Consequently, as the die package 10 is heated and experiences thermal expansion, the lens 50 may be cushioned by the encapsulation material 46 such that the lens 50 may be protected from mechanical stresses arising from thermal expansion of other parts of the die package 10. In some embodiments, the lens 50 defines a shallow trough 52 which can be filled with optical chemicals, for example, phosphors, light diffusants such as calcium carbonate, center frequency shifting material such as fluorescent material, or a combination of these materials.

0057<figref idref="f0005">Figure 4</figref> illustrates the die package 10 coupled to an external heat sink 70. Referring to <figref idref="f0005">Figure 4</figref>, the thermal contact pad 36 can be attached to the external heat sink 70 using epoxy, solder, or any other thermally conductive adhesive, electrically conductive adhesive, or thermally and electrically conductive adhesive 74. The external heat sink 70 can be a printed circuit board (PCB) or other structure that draws heat from the die package 10. The external heat sink can include circuit elements (not shown) or heat dissipation fins 72 in various configurations.

0058An embodiment of the invention having certain alternate configuration is shown in <figref idref="f0006 f0007">Figures 5 through 6D</figref>. Portions of this second embodiment are similar to corresponding portions of the first embodiment illustrated in <figref idref="f0001 f0002 f0003 f0004 f0005">Figures 1A through 4</figref>. For convenience, portions of the second embodiment as illustrated in <figref idref="f0006 f0007">Figures 5 through 6D</figref> that are similar to portions of the first embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals, analogous but changed portions are assigned the same reference numerals accompanied by letter "a," and different portions are assigned different reference numerals.

0059<figref idref="f0006">Figure 5</figref> is an exploded perspective view of an LED die package 10a in accordance with other embodiments of the present invention. Referring to <figref idref="f0006">Figure 5</figref>, the light emitting die package 10a of the present invention includes a bottom heat sink (substrate) 20a, a top heat sink (reflector plate) 40a, and a lens 50.

0060<figref idref="f0007">Figures 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D</figref>, provide, respectively, a top view, a side view a front view, and a bottom view of the substrate 20a of <figref idref="f0006">Figure 5</figref>. Referring to <figref idref="f0006 f0007">Figures 5 through 6D</figref>, in the illustrated embodiment, the substrate 20a includes one positive trace 22a and four negative traces 24a. These traces 22a and 24a have are configured differently than the traces 22 and 24 of <figref idref="f0003">Figure 2A</figref>. The substrate 20a includes flanges 31 that define latch spaces 33 for reception of legs 35 of the reflector plate 40a thereby mechanically engaging the reflector plate 40a with the substrate 20a.

0061Other embodiments of the invention are illustrated in <figref idref="f0008 f0009 f0010">Figures 7A through 10B</figref>. According to these embodiments, a substrate for a high power light emitting device includes a thermally and electrically conductive plate having first and second surfaces. The plate may comprise a metal such as copper, aluminum or alloys of either. A thin, thermally conductive insulating film is formed on the first surface of the metal plate. In some embodiments, the thermally conductive insulating film comprises a ceramic/polymer film such as the Thermal Clad film available from by The Bergquist Company of Chanhassen, MN, USA.

0062Conductive elements such as metal traces and/or metal leads may be formed on the ceramic/polymer film. Since the ceramic/polymer film is insulating, the conductive traces are not in electrical contact with the metal plate. A conductive element may form or be electrically connected to a mounting pad adapted to receive an electronic device. As discussed above in connection with the embodiments illustrated in <figref idref="f0002 f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006 f0007">Figs. 1-6</figref>, the topology of the metal traces may vary widely while still remaining within the scope of the invention.

0063An LED assembly may be bonded to the mounting pad for example by means of soldering, thermosonic bonding or thermocompression bonding. Heat generated by the LED may be dissipated at least in part through the metal plate. Since the substrate itself may act as a heatsink, the need for bonding an additional heatsink to the structure may be reduced or eliminated. However, an additional heatsink may be placed in thermal communication with the metal plate so that heat may be drawn away from the operating device more efficiently.

0064In one embodiment, one or more via holes may be formed through the insulating film and the metal plate. The via holes may be internally coated with an insulating material such as the ceramic/polymer film. Electrical conductors such as electrically conductive traces may be formed in the via and may electrically connect conductive elements on the first surface of the substrate to conductive elements on the second surface of the substrate. A substrate according to such an embodiment may be mounted on a surface such as a printed circuit board without the use of metal leads, which may result in a more mechanically robust package.

0065A substrate according to embodiments of the present invention may also include electronic circuitry such as a discrete zener diode and/or a resistor network for electro-static discharge (ESD) and/or over-voltage protection.

0066Although not illustrated in <figref idref="f0008 f0009 f0010">Figs. 7-10</figref>, the substrate may further include features such as the semi-cylindrical and quarter-cylindrical spaces, orientation markings, side bond pads, flanges and other features illustrated in <figref idref="f0002 f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006 f0007">Figs. 1-6</figref>.

0067Portions of the embodiments illustrated in <figref idref="f0008 f0009 f0010">Figures 7A through 10B</figref> are similar to corresponding portions of the embodiments illustrated in <figref idref="f0002 f0003 f0004 f0005 f0006 f0007">Figures 1 through 6D</figref>. For convenience, portions of the embodiment as illustrated in <figref idref="f0008 f0009 f0010">Figures 7A through 10B</figref> that are similar to portions of the first embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals, analogous but changed portions are assigned the same reference numerals accompanied by letter "b," and different portions are assigned different reference numerals.

0068Referring now to <figref idref="f0008">Figure 7A</figref>, a substrate 20b according to another embodiments of the present invention is illustrated. <figref idref="f0008">Figures 7A and 7B</figref> provide, respectively, a top view and a front view of the substrate 20b. Further, <figref idref="f0008">Figure 7B</figref> also shows an LED assembly 60 in addition to the front view of the substrate 20b. The substrate 20b includes a thermally and electrically conductive plate 51 having first and second surfaces 51a and 51b. The plate 51 may comprise a metal such as copper, aluminum or alloys of either. A thin, thermally conductive insulating film 48 is formed on at least portions of the first surface 51a of the metal plate 51. In some embodiments, the thermally conductive insulating film 48 comprises a ceramic/polymer film such as the Thermal Clad film available from by The Bergquist Company of Chanhassen, MN, USA. In addition, a thermally conductive insulating film 49 may be formed on the second surface 51b of plate 51, as well as side surfaces.

0069The substrate 20b provides support for electrically conductive elements such as electrical traces 22 and 24; for solder pads 26 ; and for the LED assembly 60. Further, additional traces and connections can be fabricated on the top, side, or bottom of the substrate 20b, or layered within the substrate 20b. The traces 22 and 24, the solder pads 26 , and any other connections can be interconnected to each other in any combinations using known methods, for example via holes.

0070The substrate 20b has a top surface 21b, the top surface 21b including the electrical traces 22 and 24. The traces 22 and 24 provide electrical connections from the solder pads (for example top solder pads 26) to a mounting pad 28. The top solder pads 26 may comprise portions of the traces 22 and 24 generally proximal to sides of the substrate 20b. The mounting pad 28 is a portion of the, top surface (including portions of the trace 22, the trace 24, or both) where the LED assembly 60 is mounted. Typically the mounting pad 28 is generally located proximal to center of the top surface 21b. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the LED assembly 60 can be replaced by other semiconductor circuits or chips.

0071The topology of the traces 22 and 24 can vary widely from the topology illustrated in the Figures while still remaining within the scope of the present invention. In the Figures, only one cathode (negative) and one anode (positive) trace is shown. However, multiple cathode or anode traces may be included on the substrate 20b to facilitate the mounting of plural LED assemblies on the mounting pad 28, each connected to a different cathode or anode trace; thus, the three LED assemblies may be separately electrically controllable. The traces 22 and 24 are made of conductive material such as gold, silver, tin, or other metals.

0072The substrate 20b has a bottom surface 29b including a thermal contact pad 36. The thermal contact pad can be fabricated using material having high heat conductivity such as gold, silver, tin, or other material including but not limited to precious metals.

0073<figref idref="f0008">Figure 7C</figref> illustrates a cut-away front view of portions of the substrate 20b taken along section line A-A of <figref idref="f0008">Figure 7A</figref>. As shown in <figref idref="f0008">Figure 7C</figref>, one or more via holes 45a, 45b may be formed through the substrate 20b. The via holes 45a, 45b may be internally coated with an insulating material such as the ceramic/polymer film. Electrical conductors such as electrically conductive traces 47a, 47b may be formed in the via holes and may electrically connect conductive elements on the first surface of the substrate to conductive elements on the second surface of the substrate. As illustrated in <figref idref="f0008">Figure 7C</figref>, a conductive trace 47a in via hole 45a connects trace 24 on the first side 21b, or the top surface 21b, of the substrate 20b to solder pad 34 on the second side 29b, or the bottom surface 29b, of the substrate 20b. Likewise, a conductive trace 47b extending through via hole 45b connects conductive trace 22 to a bond pad 38.

0074A substrate according to such an embodiment may be mounted on a surface such as a printed circuit board without the use of metal leads, which may result in a more mechanically robust package.

0075As discussed above, a high temperature, mechanically tough, dielectric material can be used to overcoat the traces 22 and 24 (with the exception of the central die-attach area 28) to seal the traces 22 and 24 and provide protection from physical and environmental harm such as scratches and oxidation. The overcoating process can be a part of the substrate manufacturing process. The overcoat, when used, also insulates the traces 22 and 24 from the top heat sink 40. The overcoat may then be covered with a high temperature adhesive such as thermal interface material manufactured by THERMOSET that bonds the substrate 20b with the top heat sink 40.

0076Other embodiments that do not utilize via holes are illustrated in <figref idref="f0009">Figures 8 and 9</figref>. As illustrated in <figref idref="f0009">Figure 8</figref>, the conductive traces 22, 24 may form or be attached to metal leads 39, 41 which extend away from the package and which may be mounted directly to a circuit board. In such an embodiment, only the first surface 21b of the substrate 20b may include an electrically insulating, thermally conductive film 48.

0077<figref idref="f0009">Figure 9</figref> illustrates an embodiment in which conductive traces 22, 24 extend down the sidewalls of the substrate 20b to contact bond pads 34 and 38 on the second surface of the substrate 20b. Such a configuration may permit the package to be mounted directly onto a circuit board without the use of metal leads or via holes.

0078As illustrated in <figref idref="f0010">Figures 10A and 10B</figref>, the substrate 20b may be configured to include electronic circuitry such as a discrete zener 65 diode, a resistor network 67, other electronic elements, or any combination of these. Such electronic circuitry can be connected between the traces 22 and 24 which may operate as anode /or cathode elements. The electronic circuitry can be used for various purposes, for example, to prevent electro-static discharge (ESD), for over-voltage protection, or both. In the illustrated examples, the zener diode Dl 65 connected between the trace 22 and the trace 24 as illustrated in <figref idref="f0010">Figure 10B</figref> may prevent an excessive reverse voltage from being applied to an optoelectronic device mounted on the substrate 20b. Similarly, the resistor network 67 such as printed resistor 67 may provide ESD protection to a device mounted on the sbustrate 20.

0079From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the present invention is novel and offers advantages over the current art. Although specific embodiments of the invention are described and illustrated above, the invention is not to be limited to the specific forms or arrangements of parts so described and illustrated. For example, differing configurations, sizes, or materials may be used to practice the present invention. The invention is limited by the claims that follow.