Photocatalyst-carrying structure and photocatalyst coating material

Field of the Invention

0001The present invention is related to a structure carrying a photocatalyst which is useful for antifouling, cleaning water, deodorization, pasteurization, a treatment of waste water, decomposition of water, a control of algae growth and various chemical reactions.

Background Art

0002Titanium dioxide, which is a n-type semiconductor, has been known as a photocatalyst that activates various chemical reactions with ultraviolet radiation energy, such as chemical reactions resulted in during a process of decomposition of water, deodorization, pasteurization. cleaning of water, a treatment of waste water or the like. It is said that the catalytic activity of a photocatalyst can be generally high when it is used either in powder form or in a form of a suspension in a solvent. However, in many cases, such photocatalyst is practically obliged to be used in a form being carried on a certain substrate. For utilizing ultraviolet radiation energy from light efficiently, it is advantageous to make a substrate into a shape like a paper or a sheet, which can secure the wider light irradiation area. Moreover, it is further advantageous to make the surface of the substrate into a porous structure in order to increase contacting area of the substrate with a reactant with which an objective chemical reaction is desired to be proceeded in the presence of a photocatalyst.

0003Various substrates which comprise a photocatalyst have been proposed in the past. For example, (A) a light transmissible material, such as cellulose nitrate, glass, poly(vinyl chloride), plastics, nylon, methacrylic resin and polypropylene, is disclosed in <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="JPSHO6266861A"><text>Japanese Patent Laid-opened No. Sho 62-66861</text></patcit>, (B) polypropylene fibres and ceramics are disclosed in <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="JPHEI268190A"><text>Japanese Patent Laid-opened No. Hei 2-68190</text></patcit>, and (C) glass, ceramics, nylon, acryl and polyester resins are disclosed in <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="JPHEI5309267A"><text>Japanese Patent Laid - opened No. Hei 5-309267</text></patcit>.

0004However, among the materials as disclosed above, it is reported that the one comprising an organic material as its main component has the disadvantage that the organic material can be decomposed and deteriorated due to catalytic reaction caused by a photocatalyst contained in the said material, and the durability thereof has therefore been problematic (see <nplcit id="ncit0001" npl-type="s"><text>Fumiaki Ootani0 Kobunsi Kako No. 42, vol. 5, page 18 (1993</text></nplcit>); "<nplcit id="ncit0002" npl-type="b"><text>Titanium dioxide", by Manabu Kiyono, published by Gihodo, page 165</text></nplcit>).

0005Further, even though the substrate is composed of an inorganic material, such as glass and ceramics, there must be some problems in the durability property of the substrate, such that, if an organic polymer resin is used as an adhesive for carrying a photocatalyst on the substrate, the photocatalytic activity may be lowered due to coverage of the surface of photocatalyst particles with such a resin, and that the photocatalyst may be exfoliated from the substrate due to the cause of decomposition and deterioration of said organic polymer resin by virtue of its photocatalytic activity.

0006In order to avoid such problems as described above, a method called the spattering method whereby any organic materials do not remain (<patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="JPSHO60044053A"><text>Japanese Patent Laid-opened No. Sho 60-044053</text></patcit>), a method to coat and bake an organic titanate (<patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="JPSHO60118236A"><text>Japanese Patent Laid-opened No. Sho 60-118236</text></patcit>), a method to spray and bake titania sol (<patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="JPHEI5253544A"><text>Japanese Patent Laid-opened No. Hei 5-253544</text></patcit>), and others have been employed when the substrate used was an inorganic heat-resistant material.

0007However, these methods have a problem in that they require a process of baking the substrate at a high temperature in order to obtain production and crystalization of the photocatalyst particles over the substrate and adhesive property with the substrate. Therefore, it is difficult to apply a photocatalyst over a wide area and the production according to these methods requires very high cost.

0008For applying a photocatalyst onto a glass fibre paper, a method to use a metal oxide sol as an adhesive has been proposed (see <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="JPHEI5309267A"><text>Japanese Patent Laid-opened No. Hei 5-309267</text></patcit>).

0009However, the adhesive property of a metal oxide sol, such as silica sol, is very weak, because it is derived from van der Waals force (see <nplcit id="ncit0003" npl-type="s"><text>Fine Ceramics, vol. 1. page 216-223. 1980</text></nplcit>) so that the binding strength and durability of the adhesive were insufficient. Further, the method additionally requires a process of baking at a high temperature, and therefore, it was not applicable for all types of substrates including commonly used types of resins which are easily decomposed by heating.

0010In an example wherein a metal oxide, such as silica gel and clay mineral, in a sol state carrying a photocatalyst powder thereon, there is a report that the photocatalytic decomposition reaction of propion aldehyde gas is accelerated by virtue of the effect of a substrate as an adsorbent (see Symposium, "<nplcit id="ncit0004" npl-type="s"><text>Recent development in Photocatalytic Reaction", previous manuscripts, by Society for the Study of Photofunctional Materials, No.2-11 page 39, 1994</text></nplcit>).

0011However, no report has been made up till now describing that a substrate having an excellent adhesive property and durability while keeping the high photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst, which is uniformly distributed in a metal oxide sol as described above, is obtained.

0012A method to fix a photocatalyst by using a fluororesin has also been proposed (see <patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="JPHEI6315614A"><text>Japanese Patent Laid-opened No. Hei 6-315614</text></patcit>). However, the price of a fluororesin is high, and it is required to cover the most of the surface of photocatalyst particles with the fluororesin in order to stick photocatalyst particles strongly. Accordingly, the catalytic activity of a photocatalyst becomes lower than the activity given by the same photocatalyst in powder form. Although an example that intends to apply a photocatalyst onto a substrate by means of mixing the photocatalyst with a binder that is resistant to decomposition, such as fluororesins and poly(organosiloxane), has been known (see <patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="EP633064A1"><text>EP A1 633.064</text></patcit>), it is not sufficient to practically solve such problems as to adhesive property and durability.

0013<patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="EP633064A"><text>EP A 633.064</text></patcit> discloses a photocatalyst composite comprising a substrate which is provided with a first layer comprising an adhesive that does not contain any photocatalyst particles, said first layer being provided with a second layer comprising a less degradative adhesive and photocatalyst particles. The second layer contains 5 to 98% by volume of photocatalyst particles, based on the total amount of photocatalyst particles and less degradative adhesive. Example 8 of <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="EP633064A"><text>EP A 633.064</text></patcit> discloses a photocatalyst composite consisting of a substrate (transparent acrylic plate) provided with a first layer of less degradative adhesive without any photocatalyst particles and a second layer of less degradative adhesive and 90% by volume titanium oxides having photocatalytic function.

0014<patcit id="pcit0012" dnum="EP684075A"><text>EP A 684.075</text></patcit> discloses a multi-functional material having a photocatalytic function comprising (a) a base layer, (b) a binder layer and (c) a photocatalytic layer, wherein the photocatalytic layer is disposed on the surface of the base layer though the binder layer. and wherein the photocatalytic layer includes a surface layer exposed outwardly and a lower layer embedded in the binder layer and wherein the surface layer is composed of photocatalyst particles. The lower layer of the photocatalytic layer is partly embedded in the binder layer after heating the assembly of layers to a temperature higher than the softening temperature of the binder layer but lower than the softening point of the base layer.

0015<patcit id="pcit0013" dnum="EP792687A"><text>EP A 792.687</text></patcit> discloses a photocatalyst structure comprising (a) a substrate, (b) an intermediate layer comprising a binder and (c) a photocatalyst layer. According to Example 2 of <patcit id="pcit0014" dnum="EP792687A"><text>EP A 792.687</text></patcit>, the intermediate layer may be made by coating a liquid material comprising a silica sol and trimethoxymethylsilane in a weight ratio of 3 : 1 onto an aluminium substrate followed by drying at 150°C, where after the photocatalyst layer comprising titanium oxide is applied.

0016As described above, the following three points can be given as problems to be solved when applying a photocatalyst onto a substrate: (1) the adhesion between the photocatalyst and the substrate should be good, (2) the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst must not degrade when it is applied onto a substrate and (3) both the substrate and the adhesive should not be deteriorated due to presence of the photocatalyst applied thereon and the substrate must be able to keep its binding strength, durability and catalytic activity. Furthermore, when using a photocatalyst-carrying structure under conditions of high temperature and high humidity, a property to maintain excellent adhesion after dipping it into boiling water is required for the structure, for example.

0017When it is required for a photocatalyst coating material used for applying a photocatalyst onto a substrate, a property that the photocatalyst coating material causes neither its viscosity increase nor its particle sedimentation even after the preservation for at least one month and preferably more than three months. Also, a property that enables to apply a photocatalyst onto a substrate without deteriorating its photocatalytic activity when coating the photocatalyst onto a product for practical use, is required as well.

0018The inventors of the present invention have found a method to strongly glue a photocatalyst onto a substrate by providing a specific adhesive layer in between a photocatalyst layer and a substrate to thereby protect the substrate provided under the adhesive layer from its deterioration due to photocatalytic action derived from the photocatalyst and strongly glue the photocatalyst layer to the substrate and by making the adhesive layer resistant to deterioration due to photocatalytic action, providing a solution for the problems as described above.

Disclosure of the Invention

0019The inventors of the present invention found that silicon-modified resin, such as acryl-silicon resin or epoxy-silicon resin, containing 2-60 % by weight of silicon, a resin containing 5-40 % by weight of colloidal silica, and a resin containing 3-60 % by weight of polysiloxane, which is a polycondensation reaction product of a compound represented by a general formula (1):         SiCln₁(OH)n₂R¹n₃(OR²)n₄     (1) wherein R¹ is an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with an amino group, a carboxyl group or a chlorine atom, R² is an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms or an alkoxy-substituted alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, n₁ is 0, 1 or 2, n₂ and n₃ are each independently 0 or any of the integers selected from 1 to 3, n₄ is any of the integers of from 2 to 4, provided that the sum of n₁, n₂, n₃ and n₄ is 4, can strongly glue a photocatalyst and protect the substrate from photocatalytic action derived from the photocatalyst.

0020Moreover, for solving the problem on the photocatalyst coating material, the inventors of the present invention have found out that a photocatalyst coating material comprising 0.001-5 % by weight of one or more of alkoxysilanes represented by a general formula (2);         SiR³_n5(OR⁴)_4-n5     (2) wherein R³ is an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted with an amino group , a chlorine atom or a carboxyl group , R⁴ is an alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms or an alkoxy-substituted alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, n₅ is 0,1 or 2, or the hydrolysis products thereof, 1-30 % by weight of a metal oxide sol and/or a metal hydroxide sol on a solid component basis, and 0.1-30 % by weight of a photocatalyst in powder and/or sol, can be stable for a long time and does not result in a viscosity increase and particle sedimentation, and they have accordingly accomplished the present invention.

0021Furthermore, the inventors of the present invention have also found out that the photocatalyst-carrying structure and the photocatalyst coating material described above can be applied onto various substrates, such as glass, plastics, metals, cloth and woody materials, and can be coated onto a lens, adhesive films, window shades, nonwoven fabrics, wooden doors, etc., by using the photocatalyst coating material according to the present invention.

0022The present invention is further described in detail in the following.

0023In the present invention, a resin to be used for forming the adhesive layer in the photocatalyst-carrying structure is selected from a group consisting of silicon-modified resin, such as acryl-silicon resin or epoxy-silicon resin, comprising 2-60 % by weight of silicon, a resin comprising 5-40 % by weight of colloidal silica and a resin comprising 3-60 % by weight of polysiloxane.

0024When a silicon-modified resin containing silicon in an amount of less than 2 % by weight, such as an acryl-silicon resin, a resin containing polysiloxane in an amount of less than 3 % by weight, and a resin containing colloidal silica in an amount of less than 5 % by weight is used, the binding force between the adhesive layer and the photocatalyst layer degrades, and the adhesive layer is deteriorated due to the action of the photocatalyst, wherein the photocatalyst layer tends to be exfoliated easily. Whereas, when silicon-modified resin, such as acryl-silicon resin containing silicon in an amount of more than 60 % by weight is used, the binding between the adhesive layer and the substrate gets worse and the abrasion-resistant property of the structure degrades because of the lowering of the hardness of the adhesive layer.

0025Whereas, when a resin containing polysiloxane in an amount of more than 60 % by weight or a resin containing colloidal silica in an amount of more than 40 % by weight is used, the adhesive layer becomes porous, the substrate provided under the adhesive layer deteriorates due to the effect of a photocatalyst, and binding condition between the substrate and the adhesive layer degrades, and the photocatalyst layer thereby tends to be easily exfoliated from the substrate.

0026When using a silicon-modified resin, such as an acryl-silicon resin and an epoxy-silicon resin, as an adhesive layer material, any silicon-modified resin prepared according to any method for introducing silicon into the resin, such as an ester exchange method, graft reaction method using silicon macromers and reactive silicon monomers, hydrosilylation reaction method and block copolymerization method, can be used in the present invention.

0027As a resin In which silicon is to be introduced, acryl resins and epoxy resins are the most suitable in terms of film-forming properties, toughness and adhesion properties to the substrate. However, other resins, such as alkyd resins, urethane resins and polyester resins, can be used as well. In addition, these resins can be used in either type of solutions or emulsions. Also, it is not problematic if such resin contains an additive, such as a cross-linking agent.

0028A photocatalyst-carrying structure with improved adhesive property and durability can be obtained if a resin used for forming an adhesive layer is a polysiloxane, wherein the polysiloxane is a hydrolysis product of a silicon alkoxide having 1-5 carbon atoms or a product derived from such a hydrolysis product. If the alkoxy group of the silicon alkoxide contains 6 or more carbon atoms, such resin becomes costly, and the adhesive property and durability of the resin deteriorate because it is difficult to harden the alkoxide in the resin due to its slow hydrolysis rate.

0029It is also possible to use a polysiloxane which is obtained by subjecting silicon alkoxide partially containing chlorine to hydrolysis. However, a substrate may result corrosion due to the presence of chlorine ions as an impurity when using a polysiloxane containing a high degree of chlorine atoms, which also degrades the adhesive property of the adhesive layer.

0030As a method to introduce a polysiloxane into a resin, methods to mix it in a form of a silicon alkoxide monomer with a resin solution and subsequently allowing it to hydrolysis with moisture in the air at the time of forming an adhesive layer, and methods to mix a product obtained by partially allowing silicon alkoxide to hydrolysis with a resin and subsequently allowing the mixture to hydrolysis with moisture in the air at the time of forming a protective film etc. are known. Any method which allows an uniform mixing with a resin can be employed. A small amount of an acidic or basic catalyst may be added to change the speed of hydrolysis of silicon alkoxide.

0031As examples for a resin suitable to be introduced with a polysiloxane, acryl resins, acryl-silicon resins, epoxy-silicon resins, silicon-modified resins, urethane resins, epoxy resins, polyester resins, alkyd resins etc. can be given. However, silicon-modified resins including acryl-silicon resins and epoxy -silicon resins are the most preferable ones in view of their durability property.

0032If the adhesive layer is composed of a resin that contains colloidal silica, it is preferable that the diameter of colloidal silica particles is 10 nm or less. When the diameter exceeds 10 nm, the resin in the adhesive layer further deteriorates due to the influence of a photocatalyst, and binding condition between the photocatalyst layer and the adhesive layer become worse as well. As a method to introduce such colloidal silica into the resin, it is known that a method to mix a resin solution with a colloidal silica solution, then apply it and subsequently dry it to form an adhesive layer is the easiest. However, a method to form an adhesive layer by allowing a resin to polymerization while dispersing colloidal silica in the resin and then to apply the synthesized resin and dry it, is also acceptable. It is also possible to use colloidal silica after treating it with a silane coupler for improving adhesive property and dispersibity of colloidal silica and a resin.

0033As examples for a resin whereto colloidal silica is introduced, acryl resins, acryl-silicon resins, epoxy-silicon resins, silicon-modified resins, urethane resins, epoxy resins, polyester resins, alkyd resins etc. are given. However, silicon-modified resins including acryl-silicon resins and epoxy-silicon resins are the most suitable one in term of durability.

0034As the colloidal silica, any silica sol, which is produced either by subjecting sodium silicate solution to cation exchange or by subjecting silicon alkoxide to hydrolysis, can be used.

0035For a purpose to prevent deterioration of a resin used for an adhesive layer by influence of a photocatalyst and to improve its durability, a mixing of the resin with a photostabilizing agent and/or an ultraviolet absorbent or the like may provide a good effect. As usable photostabilizing agents, it is preferable to use hindered amine compounds. However, any other compounds can be used as well. Triazole compounds can be used as an ultraviolet absorbent. The amount of the ultraviolet absorbent to be added to the resin is in a range of from 0.005 % by weight to 10% by weight based on the weight of the resin, and more preferably from 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight. By treating the surface of the adhesive layer with a silane-containing or titan-containing coupler, the binding condition between the adhesive layer and the photocatalyst layer may be improved.

0036As a method to apply an adhesive layer on a substrate, a method to coat the substrate with a resin solution according to any printing methods, sheet moulding methods, spray blowing methods, dipping and coating methods, spin coating methods etc. and then to dry the coated-substrate can be employed. The temperature for drying the coated-substrate is preferably 150°C or less, though it differs depending on type of solvents and resins. When a thickness of an adhesive layer is 0.1 µm or more, it is possible to prepare a photocatalyst-carrying structure which can strongly bind a photocatalyst layer and a substrate and has high durability. In case of a coating method, such as a gravure method, which requires a process for drying and curing the adhesive layer in a short time, it is also allowable to add a curing agent, such as a silicon compound or the like, into the adhesive layer material from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the solid component of the adhesive layer material, depending upon the hardening speed required.

0037A metal oxide gel or a metal hydroxide gel present in a photocatalyst layer provides an effect to fix photocatalyst powder and to strongly adhere it to an adhesive layer, and therefore, a photocatalyst-carrying structure comprising such metal oxide gel and/or metal hydroxide gel show excellent adhesibility, durability and weather resistance as shown in the examples of the embodiment for the present invention. In addition, such metal oxide gel and metal hydroxide gel have a porous structure and are adsorbant, and they have further an effect to enhance photocatalytic activity. A preferable range for the content of such metal oxide gel or metal hydroxide gel in the photocatalyst layer is from 25 to 95% by weight. When this content is less than 25% by weight, the binding with an adhesive layer may be insufficient, whereas photocatalytic activity may be insufficient when that content exceeds 95% by weight.

0038Furthermore, the binding described above and the photocatalytic activity can be improved, when the specific surface area of the metal oxide gel or the metal hydroxide gel after drying at 150°C is 50 m²/g or more, and more preferably 100 m²/g or more.

0039As examples for a metal in the metal oxide gel and the metal hydroxide gel as described above, silicon, aluminium, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, tin etc. are given.

0040The sticking property of a photocatalyst layer after dipping it into boiling water can be improved by using a metal oxide gel or a metal hydroxide gel comprising 2 or more metals selected from a group consisting of silicon, aluminium, titanium, zirconium and niobium. As examples for a combination of metal components showing boiling water resistance, silicon-aluminium, silicon-titanium, silicon-zirconium, silicon-niobium, aluminium-titanium, aluminium-zirconium, aluminium-niobium, aluminium-tantalum, titanium-zirconium, titanium-niobium, titanium-tantalum, silicon-aluminium-zirconium and silicon-aluminium-titanium are given as preferable, and metal oxide gels and metal hydroxide gels comprising metals, such as silicon-aluminium, silicon-titanium, silicon-zirconium, silicon-titanium-aluminium and silicon-aluminium-zirconium are given as more preferable ones.

0041If the specific surface area of these metal oxide gels or metal hydroxide gels is 50 m²/g or more, they provide high sticking property and improved photocatalytic activity to a photocatalyst layer, thereby allowing the photocatalyst-carrying structure to retain excellent binding property even after dipping it into boiling water. In practical uses, both gels prepared by mixing a sol for forming a gel and complex oxide gels prepared by a coprecipitating method or the like may be used. For mixing with a photocatalyst, it is desirable either to uniformly mix a metal oxide or hydroxide in a state of sol before forming gel or to mix in a stage of a raw material before preparing a sol.

0042As a method to prepare gels, a method to hydrolyze a metal salt, a method to decompose a metal salt by neutralization, a method to exchange ions, a method to hydrolyze a metal alkoxide and the like can be given. However, any methods by which the gel is obtained in a state that the photocatalyst is uniformly dispersed in the gel, are allowable to use. Since the sticking property and the photocatalytic activity of a photocatalyst may be affected if plenty of impurities are contained in the gel, it is preferable to use a gel containing less impurities.

0043Further, by adding either of silicon-modified resin or a silane coupler into a photocatalyst layer from 10 to 50% by weight, it is possible to obtain a photocatalyst layer which retains high photocatalytic activity and has an excellent binding property evaluated as more than 6 points according to the adhesive property test, cross -cut Scotch tape test provided in JIS-K5400 even after dipping it into boiling water for 15 minutes.

0044The silicon-modified resin or a silane coupler to be added into a photocatalyst layer has an effect to improve the adhesive property of the photocatalyst layer to a substrate in boiling water. As the silicon-modified resin, commonly available resins, such as silicon-acryl resin and silicon-epoxy resin, either in a state of solution in a solvent or suspension in water, can be used. Whereas, as the silane coupler, a compound represented by general formulas, RSi(Y)₃ and (R)₂Si(Y)₂, wherein R is an organic functional group and Y is chlorine atom or an alkoxy group, and the like, can be used. In the general formulas described above, methyl, ethyl, vinyl, gamma-glycidoxypropyl, gamma-methacryloxypropyl, gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyl, gamma-chloropropyl, gamma-mercapopropyl, gamma-aminopropyl and gamma-acryloxypropyl etc. are given as the examples for a substituent represented by R. In addition to a chlorine atom, any of a C₁-C₅ alkoxy group, such as methoxy, ethoxy, beta-methoxyethoxy and beta-ethoxyethoxy, are also usable as a substituent represented by Y.

0045The amount of silicon-modified resin and a silane coupler to be added to a photocatalyst layer is preferably from 10 to 50% by weight on a solid component basis. If this amount is less than 10% by weight, the binding property after allowing the layer to the boiling water test will be reduced. Ifs the added amount exceeds 50% by weight, remarkable decrease in photocatalytic activity may be caused. As the method to add either the silicon-modified resin or the silane coupler into a photocatalyst layer, a method to add such resin into a photocatalyst in a state of either a powder or a sol and a method to add them into either a metal oxide sol or a metal hydroxide sol which are used for forming a metal oxide gel and added with a photocatalyst. The addition of silicon-modified resin in emulsion to the sol described above is particularly preferable, since it can improve the binding property of a photocatalyst layer in boiling water with nearly no decrease of photocatalytic activity.

0046Also, an additive, such as a cross-linking agent, can be combined into the silicon-modified resin or the silane coupler.

0047As the photocatalyst of the present invention, any type thereof, such as in powder form, sol and solution, can be used if it can bind with an adhesive layer and show the photocatalytic activity, when it has been dried at a drying temperature for the photocatalyst layer. When a photocatalyst in a sol state is used, it is preferable to use the one of which particle diameter is 20 nm or less, and more preferably 10 nm or less, because the transparency of a photocatalytic layer may be improved and linear permeability thereof increases, and therefore, it is especially preferable to use such photocatalyst for coating of glass substrates and plastic mouldings, which are required to be transparent. Furthermore, if colour and/or patterns are applied on an underlying substrate, a transparent photocatalyst layer coated with such photocatalyst is advantageous because it does not give adverse influence to colours and/or patterns on the underlying substrates.

0048As the photocatalyst to be used for the photocatalyst layer according to the present invention, TiO₂, ZnO, SrTiO₃, CdS, GaP, InP, GaAs, BaTiO₃, KNbO₃, Fe₂O₃, Ta₂O₅, WO₃, SnO₂, Bi₂O₃, NiO, Cu₂O, SiC, SiO₂, MoS₂, InPb, RuO₂, CeO₂ and the like, and mixtures of these photocatalysts with a metal or a metal oxide, such as Pt, Rh, RuO₂, Nb, Cu, Sn, Ni and Fe can be used. In addition thereto, all mixtures prepared by adding a metal, such as Pt, Rh, RuO₂, Nb, Cu, Sn, Ni and Fe, into the photocatalyst by using a photocatalyst reduction reaction, are also applicable in the present invention. The photocatalytic activity increases along with the increase of content of a photocatalyst in the photocatalyst layer. However, it is preferable to maintain the content to 75% by weight or less in view of maintaining sufficient binding property.

0049The photocatalyst coating material according to the present invention is characterized in that the solution comprises a silicon compound in an amount of 0.001-5% by weight, a metal oxide sol and/or a metal hydroxide sol in an amount of 0.1-30% by weight, on a solid component basis, and a photocatalyst powder and/or sol in an amount of 0.1-30% by weight, on a solid component basis.

0050As examples for the silicon compounds added to the photocatalyst coating material of the present invention, an alkoxy silane represented by general formula (2),         SiR³_n5(OR⁴)_4-n₅     (2) wherein R³ is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms with an amino group, a chlorine atom or a carboxyl group, R⁴ is an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms substituted with an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group, and n₅ is any of 0, 1, 2 and 3, and the mixtures with one or more of those hydrolyzed products can be used. In the general formula (2), methyl, ethyl, vinyl, gamma-glycidoxypropyl, gamma-methacryloxypropyl, gamma-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyl, gamma-chloropropyl, gamma-mercaptopropyl, gamma-aminopropyl, gamma-acryloxypropyl and the like are given as examples for the substituent represented by R³. C₁-C₈ alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, beta-ethoxyethoxy and 2-ethylhexyloxy, are preferable as examples for the substituent represented by -OR⁴.

0051As examples for the silicon compounds represented by the general formula (2), tetramethoxy silane, tetraethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane, and mixtures consisting of one or more hydrolysis products of those compounds mentioned hereinabove, can be preferably given.

0052By adding a small amount of the silicon compound described above into a coating solution for forming a photocatalyst layer, a stable coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer which results in a less increase of viscosity and particles sedimentation even preserving it for a long time can be obtained. As to the amount of the silicon compound to be added to the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer, it is preferable to add it from 0.001 to 5% by weight on a solid component basis. When such amount is less than 0.001% by weight, the stability of the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer becomes lowered when it is preserved for a long time, whereas a prominent decrease in photocatalytic acitivity will be caused when such amount to add is more than 5% by weight. As a method to add a silicon compound into a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer, a method to add it into a solution of a photocatalyst in either form of powder or sol, a method to add it into sol of either a metal oxide or a metal hydroxide, which are added together with a photocatalyst, and the like can be employed. Alternatively, partly-hydrolyzed silicon compounds may be added into the coating material. As the silicon compound to be added into the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer has an effect to increase the binding property of a photocatalyst in boiling water, it is possible to reduce the amount of the silicon compound to be added when the silane coupler as described above or the like has been added into the coating material.

0053It is preferable to add a metal oxide sol and/or a metal hydroxide sol in an amount of 0.1-30% by weight and photocatalyst powder and/or sol in an amount of 0.1-30% by weight on a solid component basis relative to the weight of the coating material for forming the photocatalyst layer, respectively, into the said coating solution.

0054If a ratio of amount of the metal oxide sol and/or the metal hydroxide sol to add is less than 0.1 % by weight, property to bind a photocatalyst to a substrate will be insufficient, whereas if the such rate is more than 30% by weight, the amount of photocatalyst powder and/or sol added concurrently is obliged to be reduced, thereby photocatalytic activity will be lowered. Photocatalytic activity will be too low if a ratio of amount of the photocatalyst powder and/or sol to add is less than 0.1 % by weight, and a photocatalyst layer will be easily exfoliated since the amount of a metal oxide sol and/or a metal hydroxide sol for binding the layer to a substrate is obliged to be reduced if a ratio of amount of the photocatalyst powder and/or sol to add is 30% by weight or more.

0055The coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer according to the present invention is concurrently used with a coating material for forming an adhesive layer, with which an adhesive layer can be formed in between a photocatalyst layer and a substrate. As the coating material for forming an adhesive layer, a composition which contains from 1 to 50% by weight on a solid components basis, a silicon-modified resin containing 2-60% by weight of silicon, a resin containing 3-60% by weight of polysiloxane, and a resin containing 5-40% by weight of colloidal silica can be used.

0056As a resin suitable to be used for a coating composition for forming an adhesive layer, it is preferable to use the resins usable for an adhesive layer as described above, by alone or in a mixture with any other one of such resins. Such a coating composition is then preferable to be prepared either in solution of an organic solvent or in aqueous emulsion and the content of the resin as a solid element is preferably selected from 1 to 50% by weight. When a coating composition wherein the concentration of solid content of such resin is 1% or less, the adhesive layer is formed too thin and the binding of the photocatalyst layer will be difficult to make. Whereas, when a coating composition wherein the concentration of the solid content of such resin is 50% or more, the adhesive layer will be formed too thick and it will be difficult to properly make a coating film and handle such a coating composition because it will get too much viscous.

0057When forming a photocatalyst layer on an adhesive layer, a suspension wherein a photocatalyst is dispersed in a sol of either a metal oxide or a metal hydroxide can be applied by coating according to a method which is the same as the one for forming an adhesive layer. Alternatively, a photocatalyst can be dispersed in a solution of a precursor of either a metal oxide sol or a metal hydroxide sol and is then prepared to a form of either sol or gel through a process of hydrolysis or neutralizing decomposition at the coating process. When the sol prepared as described above is used, a deflocculant, such as an acid and an alkali, may be added for improving stability of the sol. Also, it is possible to further improve the adhesive property and easiness in handling by adding a surfactant, silane coupler or the like into the sol 5% by weight or less, based on the weight of the photocatalyst. The drying temperature at the time that a photocatalyst layer is formed is preferably from 50 to 200°C, though it differs depending upon the difference in substrates and resin materials used for the adhesive layer.

0058Though a thicker photocatalyst layer provides higher photocatalytic activity, there is no big difference in the activity if the thickness exceeds 5 µm. The photocatalyst layer of which the thickness is 5 µm or less is preferable because it provides high photocatalytic activity and light transmitting property that makes the adhesive layer less conspicuous. However, though light transmitting property is improved in case that a thickness of the photocatalyst layer is less than 0.1 µm, it is not expectable to obtain high photocatalytic activity since ultraviolet rays that can be utilized by the photocatalyst also penetrate through the photocatalyst layer. Whole light transmittance in total of a photocatalyst layer and an adhesive layer at a wave length of 550 nm will be 70% or more, if a thickness of the photocatalyst layer is set to a range of from 0.1 µm to 5 µm and a photocatalyst of which particles having a diameter of 40 nm or less and either a metal oxide gel or a metal hydroxide gel of which specific surface area is 100 m²/g or more, are used. In case of a photocatalyst-carrying structure of which whole light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is 70% or more, visible light penetrating through the structure can be used for illumination, whereas such structure will be useful from the ornamental view point as it does not spoil a design on a substrate if the substrate of such structure is opaque.

0059The substrate can be formed in any complex shapes, such as film-like, plate-shaped, tubular, fibre-like and reticular, and the adhesive layer and the photocatalyst layer can be provided to any of the such substrate to thereby form a desired photocatalyst-carrying structure. As to the size of the substrate, it can carry both the adhesive layer and the photocatalyst layer if it has a size of 10 µm or more. Even an organic polymer which is not allowable to be heated at the time of coating and a metal which is easily oxidized and corrosive by heating or with water are used for the materials for the substrate, it is possible to prepare a structure whereto an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer are provided, which may show both high photocatalytic activity and high durability. In order to improve the close adherence between a substrate and an adhesive layer, a substrate of which surface is subjected to discharging process, primer process and the like can be used as well.

0060As indicated in the examples described below in this specification, the photocatalyst-carrying structure according to the present invention is useful for paints for architectural use, wall papers, window glass, blinds, curtains, carpets, illumination appliances, lightings, black lights, paints for a ship bottom and fishing nets, fillers for water treatment, vinylchloride films for agricultural use, sheets for preventing growth of weeds, packaging materials etc. In addition, the photocatalyst-carrying structure can be made to a structure which is usable under a high temperature and highly humid condition.

0061According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a structure carrying an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer having high durable property being expressed as an evaluating point of 6 or more in an adhesive property test according to a method called cross-cut Scotch tape test provided in JIS K5400 even after exposing it to black light having an ultraviolet radiation intensity of 3 mW/cm² for 500 hours at 40°C and 90% R. H. Additionally, in an accelerated weathering test by using a Sunshine weather meter, a photocatalyst-carrying structure able to show such a excellent weathering resistance being expressed as an evaluating point of 6 or more in an adhesive property test for 500 hours according to said cross-cut Scotch tape test provided in JIS K5400 has been obtained. Furthermore, a structure which shows high resistance to boiling water such that the adhesive property of the structure evaluated by cross-cut Scotch tape test provided in JIS K5400 after dipping in boiling water having an electric conductivity of 200 µS/cm at 20°C for 15 min. is expressed as an evaluating point of 6 or more. Since high photocatalytic activity is observed in any samples of the structures, it is understood that the structure according to the present invention has satisfactory properties with regard to various uses as described above.

0062When a substrate is made of glass, the glass can be formed in any complex shapes, such as plate-shaped, tubular, ball shaped and fibre-like, and is provided with said adhesive layer and said photocatalyst layer. As to the size, such glass can carry firmly if it is 10 µm or more in size. Moreover, depending upon its usages for, such as window glass, show cases and glasses, it is also possible to apply such layers to the processed glass to thereby make a photocatalyst-carrying glass according to the present invention.

0063The photocatalyst-carrying glass according to the present invention can be used for various items which require antimicrobial, deodorant and anti-soiling effect, such as cameras and lens for glasses, as well as window glass, cover glass for instruments, illumination appliances, lightings, black light blue fluorescent lamps and fillers for water treatment.

0064A plastic moulding carrying a photocatalyst according to the present invention can be used for various uses which require an antimicrobial, a deodorant and an anti-soiling effect, such as cameras and lens for glasses, as well as wall papers, board for interior decoration, furnishings, electric appliances, and parts for carriages.

0065Regarding the shape of the plastic moulding described above, any complex shapes, such as film-like, plate-shaped, tubular, ball shaped and fibre-like, can be used for manufacturing a structure made of a plastic moulding provided with said adhesive layer and said photocatalyst layer. As to the size, such plastic mouldings can carry such layers firmly if its size is 10 µm or more. Furthermore, depending upon the usages, such as for construction materials, electric appliances for home use and glasses, it is also possible to apply such layers to the plastic moulding to thereby manufacture a photocatalyst-carrying plastic moulding according to the present invention, and therefore, it is understood that the structure of the present invention has substantially a wide application range for use.

0066Many kinds of cloth can be used for the substrate of the present invention; textiles, knit cloth, and nonwoven fabrics comprising single or mixed fibres consisting of natural fibres, such as wool, silk, cotton and hemp yarn, regenerated fibres, such as rayon and acetate, synthetic fibres, such as nylon, acryl, polyamide, polyester, polyacrylnitrile and polyvinyl chloride, and heat-resistant fibres, such as aramid fibres, are given as the examples. Also, as the structure of the present invention, a cloth applied with a water repellent, such as silicon-containing water repellent, fluorine-containing water repellent including perfluoroalkylacrylate, zirconium salt-containing water repellent and ethylene urea-containing water repellent, a cloth treated with both water repellent and a cross-linking agent, such as ethylene imine, epoxy and melamine compounds, for improving durability, if appropriate, an imitation leather consisting of fibril-formed complex fibre of polyamide and polyester, and a synthetic leather wherein a polyurethane resin layer is formed on a substrate, such as textile, nonwoven fabric and knit cloth, via a binder made of polyurethane. Also, by applying such a water repellent and the like to clothes being processed to umbrellas, tents, bags, etc., the photocatalyst-carrying clothes according to the present invention can be obtained.

0067The photocatalyst-carrying cloth specified in the present invention is applicable for various uses which require an antimicrobial, a deodrant and an soiling-resistant effect, for example, interior decoration, such as curtains and wall papers, tents, umbrellas, daily necessities like table cloth, food package materials and the like, and agricultural use, such as sheets for seedling beds.

0068For the photocatalyst-carrying metal according to the present invention, an alloy, such as stainless steel, brass, aluminium alloy and titanium alloy, can be used as a substrate as well as single-element metals, such as aluminium, iron and copper. Additionally, in case that it is allowable from the configuration and quality point of view of a metal to use, it is also possible to carry both an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer according to the present invention onto the substrate, such as a metal sheet and plate painted with normal colourings, and a coloured steel plate or aluminium plate. In this case, it is further preferable that, if the light transmittance of both adhesive layer and photocatalyst layer is sufficiently high and transparent, such layers do not give bad influence to the colour on the underlying substrate.

0069As to the configuration of the metal, there is no difficulty to make the configuration of the metal into any complex shape, such as plate-shaped, tubular, ball-shaped, fibre-like and sheet-shaped, to carry such adhesive layer and photocatalyst layer thereon. And, the metal can carry such layers firmly if the size thereof is 10 µm or larger. Furthermore, depending upon the usages, for example, for window flames, show cases and flames for glasses, all of which have been processed, the photocatalyst-carrying metal according to the present invention can be manufactured by applying such layers to the metals having been processed.

0070The photocatalyst-carrying metal according to the present invention can be used for various uses which require an antimicrobial, a deodrant and a soiling-resistant effect, for example, strainers, filters and the like as well as window flames, furnishings, accessories and decoration, panels for interior and exterior decoration, fillers for water treatment, etc.

0071As to the configuration of timbers and woody materials whereto the adhesive layer and the photocatalyst layer according to the present invention are provided, any complex configuration, such as plate-like, tubular, ball shaped and sheet-like, can be employed. Such timbers or woody materials can sufficiently carry such layers thereon if their size are 10 µm or larger, and it is allowable to manufacture a photocatalyst-carrying timber or woody material according to the present invention by applying such layers onto the such timber and woody material, such as walls, ceiling boards, columns, furnishings and woodworks, which have been processed beforehand.

0072The timber and woody material carrying a photocatalyst according to the present invention can be applied for various uses which require an antimicrobial, a deodrant and an soiling-resistant effect, for example, for construction materials, furnishings, woodworks, and materials for interior decoration.

0073By taking advantageous properties. such as a soiling resistant, an antimicrobial and a deodorant function, a plastic film provided with the photocatalyst-carrying structure according to the present invention can be made as films of which face, whereto a photocatalyst is not carried, is applied with an adhesive, and such films can be applied to the inner face of window glass of a structure, such as cars and various transportation means, buildings, freezing and cooling show cases and greenhouses, thereby with such glass allowing to provide highly-transmissible glass which expedites decomposition of trace harmful substance existing in the inner space and has soiling resistant effect on a glass surface and preventive effect to glass spattering at its destruction. When the photocatalyst-carrying structure according to the present invention is prepared by using a thin plastic film as a substrate, it can be used as a wrap film for food package use. As a resin applicable for such plastic films, a resin, such as polyethylene-telephthalate resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacrylate ester resin, polymethylmethacrylate resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, poly(vinyl chloride) resin, poly(vinylidene fluoride) resin, ethylene fluoride-propylene copolymer resin and ethylene fluoride-ethylene copolymer resin, which can be moulded into a highly transmissive synthetic resin film or sheet of which linear light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is 50% or more can be used. Furthermore, since the photocatalyst-carrying structure according to the present invention is transparent, it does not give bad influence on design and patterns printed on the surface of the underlying wall papers and decoration sheets so that the photocatalyst layer can be applied advantageously onto the surface of an opaque material, such as wall papers and decoration sheets, provided with an adhesive layer and a detachable film layer on its background.

0074In these synthetic resin films or sheets described above, it is possible to improve the adhesive property of the adhesive layer in the photocatalyst-carrying structure by treating the surface of such films and the sheets, of which surface whereto an adhesive layer is applied, are physically subjected to trace amount oxidization by corona discharge treatment and UV-ozone treatment and the ones of which contact with an adhesive layer are improved by slight application of a surface treating agent, such as silicon-containing compounds, can be used advantageously. In addition, as shown in the examples for the embodiment of the present invention, it is also possible to fix a thin film on the surface or the background of such materials for providing reflecting and shading function against thermic rays and ultraviolet rays, thereby thermic rays reflecting films and ultraviolet ray interrupting films concurrently having soiling resistant, antimicrobial and deodorant function become obtainable. It is understood that the photocatalyst-carrying structure according to the present invention has both excellently high durability and photocatalytic activity, and therefore, it could be exceedingly useful and valuable product.

0075As a method to provide the thermic rays reflecting function described above, various methods, such as a method to form a film onto a film surface with an electroconductive metal, such as Al, Ag, Cu, Cr, Ni, Ti, stainless and aluminium alloy, or an electroconductive metal oxide, such as indium oxide, tin oxide and tin oxide-indium oxide compound, according to a physical means, such as sputtering and vacuum evaporation, a method to form a film onto a film surface by means of applying and then drying an electroconductive metal oxide solution or sol onto the film surface or employing either plating method or CVD method and a method to admix a material having thermic rays reflecting property and/or thermic rays interrupting property into the substrate, can be employed. Yet, as a method to provide ultraviolet ray interrupting function, various methods, such as a method to form a film onto a film surface by applying an ultraviolet ray absorbent, such as hindered amine-containing compounds and titanium oxide, and an ultraviolet ray reflecting agent and a method to admix an ultraviolet ray absorbent into a film substrate beforehand, are allowed to employ and is selectable depending upon its use purpose and chemical structures. When titanium dioxide is used as ultraviolet ray blocker or ultraviolet ray reflecting agent, it is preferable to use the one which has lost its photocatalytic activity due to slight coating of the surface of titanium dioxide with soluble glass or the like, because surrounding organic materials are decomposed due to photocatalytic action if titanium dioxide is existing alone, as explained in detail in the present invention.

0076Materials having a thermic rays reflecting function and an ultraviolet ray blocking function can be incorporated into a sticker layer which is formed on the background of a film to provide such functions. For example, a material like an ultraviolet blocking clear coating agent described in "Convertec", March 1996, page 95, is solvent-dispersible type and is applicable for the above purpose. Stickers, such as acryl-type and silicon-containing compounds, are normally used. However, it is also feasible to add various types of ultraviolet ray blocking agents and thermic rays blocking agents. Considering spoil caused with the remaining sticker at the time of renewal the photocatalyst carrying film, it is advisable to avoid the use of a sticker having strong binding property. As a method to provide a sticker and a detachable film onto a photocatalyst-carrying film, a method to firstly coat a sticker in solution to the reverse side of the film by means of gravure printing and then dry and roll the coated-film together with detachable polypropylene film while laminating it therewith is simple and may be preferably employed.

Brief Description of Drawings

0077<figref idref="f0001">Fig. 1</figref> is a chart for the cross section of the photocatalyst-carrying structure according to the present invention.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

0078The present invention is definitely explained with referring the examples described below, however, the present invention should not be limited to the scope described in such examples.

Evaluation Method

1) Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity

0079A sample carrying a photocatalyst with a dimension of 70 mm x 70 mm is placed in a 4-liters Pyrex glass container. A mixed gas consisting of air and acetaldehyde was introduced in this container and the concentration of the acetaldehyde was set to 500 ppm. The sample was exposed to black light (Type: FL 15BL-B; Manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industry Co., Ltd.) with an ultraviolet ray intensity of 2 mW/cm² for 2 hours. Then, a concentration of acetaldehyde gas in the container was determined by using gas chromatography, and photocatalytic activity was determined based on the decreased amount of the concentration. Criterion for the evaluation was provided as follows. <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="69mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Acetaldehyde Gas Concentration after 2 Hours</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Evaluated Rank</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">&lt; 50 ppm</entry><entry align="center">A</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">50-200 ppm</entry><entry align="center">B</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">200 - 300 ppm</entry><entry align="center">C</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">300 - 450 ppm</entry><entry align="center">D</entry></row><row><entry align="center">450 ppm &lt;</entry><entry align="center">E</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

2) Evaluation of Adhesive Property

0080Evaluation of adhesive property was carried out according to cross-cut Scotch tape test which is provided in JIS K 5400. A distance between cross-cut lines set to 2 mm, and the number of squares is fixed to 25.

0081Evaluated point was accorded to a criterion described in JIS K 5400. 3) Dipping Test into Boiling Water

0082Tap water with an electric conductivity ranging from 170 to 230 µS/cm was placed into a 1000 ml Pyrex glass beaker together with small amount of zeolite, the sample cut into a size of 70 mm x 70 mm was hanged into boiling water by using a normal clip to let the whole sample sink into water after heating and boiling water. After 15 min. dipping in boiling water, the sample was allowed to cooling and drying at a room temperature for 4 hours, then the adhesive property test described in the paragraph 2) was conducted to obtain evaluated-points according to the criterion described in JIS K 5400.

4) Whole Light Transmittance

0083Whole light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm of the sample carrying an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer was measured by using an automatically-recording spectrophotometer (Type: U-4000, Manufactured by Hitachi Seisakusho) with referring a substrate which has not yet carried an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer.

5) Evaluation of Durability

0084The carrying sample was allowed to radiation of black light with an ultraviolet ray intensity of 3 mW/cm² for 500 hours in a chamber maintained at 40°C and 90% R. H., then the adhesive property test described in the paragraph 2) was conducted to obtain evaluated-points according to the criterion described in JIS K 5400.

6) Accelerated Weathering Test by Using Sunshine Carbon Arc Weather Meter

0085Accelerated weathering test by using sunshine carbon arc weather meter provided in JIS K 5400 was conducted by using the same meter (Type: WEL-SUN-HCH; Manufactured by Suga Shikenki Co., Ltd.) at a condition, namely, test duration of 500 hours, black panel temperature of 63°C, 120 min. cycle and 18 min. rainfall. 3 pieces of the samples were allowed to the accelerated weathering test, then the samples were visually evaluated in terms of swelling, cracking, peeling off, whitening and surface change in comparison with the original test pieces which are before subjecting it to the accelerated weathering test according to the following criterion. <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="126mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Evaluated-rank</entry><entry valign="top">Criterion for Evaluation</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">A</entry><entry>All of 3 samples showed no change.</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">B</entry><entry>1 or 2 samples showed slight change.</entry></row><row><entry align="center">C</entry><entry>All of 3 samples showed slight change, or 1 or 2 samples showed apparently great change.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0086After conducting this test, the adhesive property test as described in the paragraph 2) was then conducted to obtain evaluated-points according to a criterion described in JIS K 5400.

7) Test Method for Antimicrobial Property

0087The sample cut into a piece with a dimension of 5 x 5 cm is disinfected with 80% ethanol and then dried at 150°C and 0.2 ml of a bacterial suspension of colon bacillus, which was cultivated and diluted beforehand, to a concentration of 10⁵/ml was fed dropwise to the surface of the sample and placed in an incubator. For each radiation condition, 4 samples were provided for the test, respectively, namely, 4 samples for black light radiation (15W x 2 lamps, distance between a light source and the sample is 10 cm), 4 samples for fluorescent lamp radiation (15W x 2 lamps, distance between a light source and the sample is 10 cm), and an other 4 samples for no light radiation were provided. After predetermined time lapsed (after 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours), the samples were taken out and the bacterial solution attached to the samples was wiped off by using disinfected gauze rinsed in sterilized physiological saline solution. The sterilized gauze used was put into 10 ml sterilized physiological saline and thoroughly stirred. The supernatant of the bacterial solution obtained was inoculated to an agar medium prepared in a petri dish having a diameter of 95 mm which is sterilized by using an autoclave. Then, number of the colonies of colon bacillus cultivated at 36°C for 24 hours was counted. Another sample obtained according to the same procedure from dropping of the bacterial solution through placing into an incubator was treated according to the same method as described above, and the number of colonies of colon bacillus was counted. Based on the counted-number, the survival rate of the bacteria after each predetermined time was calculated for each group exposed to no light, black light and fluorescent lamp, respectively. The evaluation criterion accorded to the following. <tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Survival Rate (%) of Clon Bacillus after 4 Hours</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Evaluated-rank</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">&lt;20%</entry><entry align="center">A</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">20-40%</entry><entry align="center">B</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">40-60%</entry><entry align="center">C</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">60-80%</entry><entry align="center">D</entry></row><row><entry align="center">80%&lt;</entry><entry align="center">E</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0088As an index to evaluate soiling resistant function of the sample, a decomposed amount of common salad oil mainly composed of linoleic acid on a photocatalyst-carrying structure was quantitatively determined in order to know how fast can fat and oil attached on the surface be decomposed. To the surface of a photocatalyst-carrying structure cut into pieces with a dimension of 5 x 5 cm, salad oil was applied slightly at a dose of 0.1-0.15 mg/cm² by using a paper. The quantity applied was calculated from the difference of the weight of the structure before and after an application of oil that were measured by using an accurate balance. As an index of soiling-resistant property, decomposed amounts of salad oil after predetermined time were determined by adjusting the distance between the sample and black light to take a point where an ultraviolet ray intensity on a surface of the sample becomes 3 mW/cm² and calculating the relationship between lapsing time and weight decrease amount after lighting black light. <tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="89mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Remaining rate (%) of Salad Oil after 24 Hours Light Irradiation</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Evaluated-rank</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">&lt;10%</entry><entry align="center">A</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">30 - 10%</entry><entry align="center">B</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">50 - 30%</entry><entry align="center">C</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">80 - 50%</entry><entry align="center">D</entry></row><row><entry align="center">80% &lt;</entry><entry align="center">E</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Examples

0089As a material for a substrate the following were used. <dl id="dl0001" compact="compact"><dt>(TA)</dt><dd>Primer-treated polyester film</dd><dt>(TB)</dt><dd>Vinyl chloride film</dd><dt>(TC)</dt><dd>Soda lime glass plate</dd><dt>(TD)</dt><dd>Metal aluminium plate</dd><dt>(TE)</dt><dd>High-density polyethylene mesh (Thickness of fibre: 0.2 mm, Mesh size: 0.6 mm)</dd><dt>(TF)</dt><dd>Polypropylene tube (Inner diameter: 30 mm, Outer diameter: 36 mm)</dd></dl>

0090As polysiloxane contained in an adhesive layer, the followings were used. <dl id="dl0002" compact="compact"><dt>(PS-1)</dt><dd>Silicon tetramethoxide monomer (Manufactured by Shinetsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)</dd><dt>(PS-2)</dt><dd>Polymethoxy siloxane (Manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd., Trade Name: Methyl silicate 51)</dd><dt>(PS-3)</dt><dd>Polyethoxy siloxane (Manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd., Trade Name: Ethyl silicate 40)</dd></dl>

0091As colloidal silica contained in an adhesive layer, the followings were used. <dl id="dl0003" compact="compact"><dt>(KS-1)</dt><dd>Trade Name: Cataloid SI-350 (Manufactured by Shokubai Kagaku Co., Ltd., Particle diameter: 7-9 nm)</dd><dt>(KS-2)</dt><dd>Trade Name: Snowtex ST-XS (Manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Particle diameter: 4-6 nm)</dd></dl>

0092As a resin solution whereto polysiloxane or colloidal silica is introduced, the followings were used. <dl id="dl0004" compact="compact"><dt>(J-1)</dt><dd>3% by weight of silicon containing acryl-silicon resin solution in xylene</dd><dt>(J-2)</dt><dd>10% by weight of silicon containing acryl-silicon resin solution in xylene</dd><dt>(J-3)</dt><dd>20% by weight of silicon containing acryl-silicon resin emulsion in water</dd><dt>(J-4)</dt><dd>50% by weight of silicon containing acryl-silicon resin emulsion in water</dd><dt>(J-5)</dt><dd>10% by weight of silicon containing polyester-silicon resin solution in xylene</dd><dt>(J-6)</dt><dd>Acryl resin solution in xylene</dd><dt>(J-7)</dt><dd>Polyester resin solution in xylene</dd><dt>(J-8)</dt><dd>3% by weight of silicon containing epoxy-silicon resin solution in methylethylketone</dd></dl>

0093Either polysiloxane or colloidal silica was mixed with a resin solution, and the mixture obtained was diluted to a certain concentration to thereby prepare a solution to be used for forming an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer was formed by employing dipping method when a thickness of the layer is 2 µm or less and the configuration thereof is other than plate-like, whereas it is formed by using baker applicator when the thickness is 2 µm or more and the configuration thereof is plate-like. In particular, the adhesive layer is formed according to dipping method when the configuration of the substrate is tubular or reticular. Drying process for the adhesive layer was taken place at 80°C when the material of the substrate is (TE) or (TF), and at 60°C when the material is (TB), and at 120°C in all other cases.

0094For the photocatalyst, the following materials were used. <dl id="dl0005" compact="compact"><dt>(C-1)</dt><dd>Fine powder of titanium dioxide (Manufactured by Nihon Aerozil Co., Ltd., Trade Name: P-25, diameter of crystallite size: 27 nm)</dd><dt>(C-2)</dt><dd>Titanium dioxide sol (sol acidified with nitric acid, diameter of crystallite size: 10 nm)</dd><dt>(C-3)</dt><dd>Titanium dioxide sol (weak alkaline sol of pH 9.0, diameter of crystallite size: 20 nm)</dd></dl>

0095A metal oxide sol or a metal hydroxide sol carried together with a photocatalyst was obtained by drying any of the following materials in sol. <dl id="dl0006" compact="compact"><dt>(Z-1)</dt><dd>Silica sol: Manufactured by Shokubai Kasei Co., Ltd.. Trade Name: Cataloid SI-30, specific surface area after drying at 150°C: 180 m²/g</dd><dt>(Z-2)</dt><dd>Alumina sol: Manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Trade Name: Alumina Sol-200, specific surface area after drying at 150°C : 400 m²/g</dd><dt>(Z-3)</dt><dd>Zirconia sol: This is obtainable by allowing zirconium tetrabutoxide (TBZR; Manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.,) to hydrolyzation in ethanol, drying at 150°C, then heating at 300-500°C, and further allowing to deflocculation with a diluted aqueous solution of nitric acid. Specific surface area of further dried product at 150°C of the deflocculated-sol is in a range of from 50 to 80 m²/g.</dd><dt>(Z-4)</dt><dd>Niobium oxide sol: This is obtainable by allowing aqueous solution of niobium oxalate manufactured by CBMM Co., Ltd. to neutralization with 10% aqueous ammonia, drying at 150°C, and then allowing to deflocculation with a diluted aqueous solution of nitric acid. Specific surface area of further dried product at 150°C of the deflocculated-sol is 60 m²/g.</dd><dt>(Z-5)</dt><dd>20% by weight of silicon containing acryl-silicon resin emulsion in water</dd><dt>(Z-6)</dt><dd>Silane coupler, tri(beta-methoxyethoxy)vinyl silane (Trade Name: A-1 72), manufactured by Nippon Uniker Co., Ltd.</dd></dl>

0096A solution used for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by dispersing titanium dioxide into the solution obtained as described above and adding a predetermined amount of a surfactant. The photocatalyst layer was formed by dipping method when the thickness of the layer is 2 µm or less and/or the configuration of a substrate is the one other than plate-like, whereas the photocatalyst layer was formed by using bar coater when the substrate is plate and its thickness is 2 µm or more. Drying process for the photocatalyst layer was taken place at the same temperature as for drying the adhesive layer.

0097Hereunder, compositions disclosed in the examples for the embodiment of the present invention and reference examples, wherein type, quantity and/or thickness of materials, and/or method for forming films are different, and performances of the photocatalyst-carrying structure are described in Tables 1 through 4. <tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="all"><title>Table 1</title><tgroup cols="15"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="11mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="12" colname="col12" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="13" colname="col13" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="14" colname="col14" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="15" colname="col15" colwidth="23mm" /><thead><row><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top" /><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Carrier</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Layer</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col9" align="center" valign="top">Photocatalyst Layer</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Thickness of Adhesive Layer (<i>µ</i>m)</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Thickness of Photocatalyst Layer (<i>µ</i>m)</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Photocatalytic Activity</entry><entry namest="col13" nameend="col14" align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Property</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Whole Light Transmittance (%)</entry></row><row><entry namest="col3" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">Polysiloxane</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col6" align="center" valign="top">Colloidal Silica</entry><entry morerows="1" align="center" valign="top">Resin Solution</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col9" align="center" valign="top">Metal Oxide Sol</entry><entry morerows="1" align="center" valign="top">Before Durability Test</entry><entry morerows="1" align="center" valign="top">After Durability Test</entry></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content. *1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry align="center">Example-1</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">82</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-2</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-5</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">75</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">75</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-3</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">82</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-4</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">75</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">80</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-5</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">90</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-6</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">85</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-7</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-6</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">70</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">90</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-8</entry><entry align="center">TE</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">(*3)</entry><entry align="center">(*3)</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">(*4)</entry><entry align="center">(*4)</entry><entry align="center">(*5)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-9</entry><entry align="center">TF</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">35</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-5</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">60</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">(*5)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-10</entry><entry align="center">TD</entry><entry align="center">PS-3</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">7</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">(*5)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-11</entry><entry align="center">TD</entry><entry align="center">PS-3</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">Z-2</entry><entry align="center">80</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">(*5)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-12</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-3</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-7</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">72</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-13</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">KS-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J-3</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">82</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-14</entry><entry align="center">Tb</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">KS-1</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">J-4</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">75</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-15</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J-3</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">82</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-16</entry><entry align="center">TD</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">35</entry><entry align="center">J-4</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">(*5)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-17</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">J-3</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">0.1</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">90</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-18</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J-7</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">70</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">72</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Reference Example-1</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">50</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Reference Example-2</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">70</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">E</entry><entry align="center">(*6)</entry><entry align="center">(*6)</entry><entry align="center">(*6)</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Reference Example-3</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">J-3</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Reference Example-4</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="15" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="11mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="23mm" /><colspec colnum="12" colname="col12" colwidth="23mm" /><colspec colnum="13" colname="col13" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="14" colname="col14" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="15" colname="col15" colwidth="24mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col15" align="justify">*1: Percent by weight as SiQ contained in a dried adhesive layer. *2: Percent by weight of either a metal oxide gel or a metal hydroxide gel contained in a dried adhesive layer. *3: The measurement of thickness could not be done. *4: No detachment wes observed after ultrasonification for 10 min. *5: The determination could not be made because of complex configuration and opaque property of the carrier. *6: The determination could not be made because the photocatalyst layer was exfoliated at the time of formation.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0098In the examples 1 through 18 and the reference examples 1 through 4, titanium dioxide (P-25) manufactured by Nihon Aerozil Co., Ltd., which is represented at (C-1), was used as a photocatalyst. The result is shown in Table 1.

0099In reference example 1, a structure carrying a photocatalyst layer without providing an adhesive layer is given. In this case, the photocatalyst layer has no sticking property and is easily defoliated. Furthermore, after durability test, the surface of polyester film deteriorated due to a photocatalytic effect, and holes and cracks were observed on the film.

0100In examples 1 and 2, a structure wherein either acryl-silicon resin or polyester-silicon resin is used as an adhesive layer is given. In this case, the adhesive property of a photocatalyst layer and durability of the structure was found to be excellent.

0101In examples 3 through 12, a structure wherein a resin containing polysiloxane is used as the adhesive layer is given. In this case, adhesive property and durability was improved. As well as the resin containing polysiloxane, acryl-silicon resin (see examples 3, 4 and 5) and polyester-silicon resin (see example 9) had also acquired good durability. Further, the resin containing polysiloxane was found to be replaceable with either acryl resin (see example 7) or polyester resin (example 12), both of which provided excellent property to the structure.

0102Contrary, as shown in reference example 2, even though using acryl-silicon resin containing polysiloxane for the adhesive layer, a photocatalyst layer lost its adhesive property and was defoliated from the adhesive layer when the content of polysiloxane in the adhesive layer is increased up to 70% by weight.

0103In examples 13 through 18, a structure wherein a resin containing colloidal silica was used as the adhesive layer is given. In these cases, all of photocatalytic activity, adhesive property and durability were found to be excellent. In particular, when acryl-silicon resin and colloidal silica in fine particle size (KS-2) were used (examples 15 and 16), the resulting adhesive layer was found to be very good.

0104Contrary, when increasing the content of colloidal silica in the adhesive layer up to 50% by weight, both adhesive property and durability were become worse radically.

0105In examples 1 through 18, titanium dioxide (P-25) manufactured by Nihon Aerozil Co., Ltd. represented by (C-1) was used as a photocatalyst, and silica sol was used in most cases as a metal oxide sol or a metal hydroxide sol to be compounded to the photocatalyst layer, and the structures in all examples are provided with excellent properties. In examples 8 and 9, the structures wherein both layers are carried on a substrate made of polyethylene mesh or polypropylene tube were disclosed, and it is demonstrated that these structures show excellent photocatalytic activity, adhesive property and durability. It is also found that such excellent property was still noticeable even decreasing the content of silica sol in the photocatalyst layer down to 30% by weight (see example 6), however, both adhesive property and durability radically deteriorated when reducing the content down to 20% by weight (see example 4).

0106In example 11, a structure wherein alumina sol was used instead of silica sol is given, and this structure is also found as excellent in the property as well as using silica sol. <tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="all"><title>Table 2</title><tgroup cols="13"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="12" colname="col12" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="13" colname="col13" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top" /><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Carrier</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">Adhesive layer</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">Photocatalyst Layer</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Thickness of Adhesive Layer (<i>µ</i>m)</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Thickness of Photocatalyst Layer (<i>µ</i>m)</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Photocatalytic Activity</entry><entry namest="col11" nameend="col12" align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Property</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Whole Light Transmittance (%)</entry></row><row><entry namest="col3" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">Polysiloxane</entry><entry morerows="1" align="center" valign="top">Resin Solution</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">Metal Oxide Sol</entry><entry morerows="1" align="center" valign="top">Before Durability Test</entry><entry morerows="1" align="center" valign="top">After Durability Test</entry></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry align="center">Example-19</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">35</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">93</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-20</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">35</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">Z-3 *3</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">82</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-21</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">35</entry><entry align="center">J-5</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">60</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">95</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-22</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">35</entry><entry align="center">J-5</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">60</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">90</entry></row><row><entry align="center">Example-23</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-3</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">J-8*⁴</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">80</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="13" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="16mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="12" colname="col12" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="13" colname="col13" colwidth="26mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col13" align="justify">*1: Percent by weight as SiO₂ contained in a dried adhesive layer. *2: Percent by weight of either a metal oxide gel or a metal hydroxide gel contained in a dried adhesive layer. *3: An uniform solution prepared by mixing alumina sol and silica sol at a mixing ratio of 1:1 was used. *4: Mtheyl ethyl ketone solution of epoxy-silicon resin containing 3% by weight of silicon was used.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0107In example 17, a structure wherein a thickness of an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer was set to 0.5 µm and 0.1 µm, respectively. In this case, both adhesive property and durability were excellent, and photocatalytic activity was found to be very high even the thickness of the photocatalyst layer was very thin.

0108Data obtained in examples 19 through 23 are shown in Table 2.

Example 19 Use of Titania Sol

0109A coating material to be used for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by adding and dispersing titania sol containing 12% by weight of titanium dioxide and acidified with nitric acid, which is a substitute of fine granule titanium dioxide (P-25) manufactured by Nihon Aerozil Co., Ltd.. into silica gel (Trade name: Cataloid SI-30; manufactured by Shokubai Kasei Co., Ltd.) being adjusted to pH 1.5 and then further adding a surfactant. Whereas, a solution to be used for an adhesive layer was prepared by adding polymethoxy siloxane (PS-2) into a resin solution used in the example 10 at a rate such that the content of silicon oxide in a dried adhesive layer becomes 35% by weight.

0110The solution for forming an adhesive layer was applied by using a baker applicator onto a soda lime glass substrate with a thickness of 1 mm and a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm, and the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer was also applied by using bar coater onto the same substrate. Drying temperature was set to the same employed in the examples described above.

0111The photocatalyst-carrying structure obtained was found to have very high whole light transmittance.

Example 20 Use of Silica-alumina Sol

0112A photocatalyst-carrying structure was prepared by using the same materials and according to the same method as described in the example 19 except replacing silica sol used in the example 19 with a mixed sol solution consisting of alumina sol manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. and silica sol.

0113The photocatalyst-carrying structure obtained was found to have high adhesive property and photocatalytic activity.

Example 21 Coating according to Gravure Printing Method

0114By using gravure printing system, the solution for forming an adhesive layer and the solution for forming a photocatalyst layer were applied onto a polyester film (Trade name: Cosmoshine A4100) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. at a speed of 10 m/min, and at dry zone temperature of 130°C such that the thickness of each layers become 3 µm, respectively. For the printing, a microgravure coater with a width of 70 cm manufactured by Yasui Seiki Co., Ltd. was used.

0115The photocatalyst-carrying structure obtained was found to have very high whole light transmittance of 95%.

Example 22 Coating according to Spraying Method

0116T he solution for forming an adhesive layer and the solution for forming a photocatalyst layer used in the example 9 were sprayed onto a substrate made of soda lime glass by using a spray gun (Type: WIDER 88, Manufactured by Iwata Tosoki Kogyo K.K.). Both solutions for forming adhesive layer and for photocatalyst layer were dried at 120°C for 30 minutes.

0117The photocatalyst-carrying structure obtained was found to have good adhesive property and photocatalytic activity.

Example 23 Use of Epoxy-silicon Resin

0118A photocatalyst-carrying structure was prepared by using the same materials and employing the same method as described in the example 12 except replacing the polyester resin solution in xylene with methyl ethyl ketone solution of epoxy resin containing 3% by weight of silicon.

0119The photocatalyst-carrying structure obtained was found to have good adhesive property and photocatalytic activity.

0120The compositions and the results of performance tests on the photocatalyst-carrying structures are presented in Table 3. <tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><img file="EP1955768A1_D0001.tif" /></tables>

Examples 24 - 25

0121In examples 24 and 25, a structure, wherein acryl-silicon resin is used for forming an adhesive layer, and a mixture prepared and composed with 50% by weight of fine granule titanium dioxide P-25 (C-1). 25% by weight of silica sol represented at (Z-1) and 25% by weight of alumina sol represented at (Z-2) are used for forming a photocatalyst layer, is disclosed. The structures disclosed in these examples were found to have good adhesive property as well as good durability and resistant property under accelerated weathering condition.

Examples 26 - 31

0122In examples 26 through 31, a structure, wherein a resin containing polysiloxane was used for forming an adhesive layer, and for forming a photocatalyst layer, fine granule titanium dioxide (C-1) was used in examples 26 through 28 while titania sol (C-2) was used in examples 29 through 31, and the type and the quantity of a sol for forming a compoundable gel were changed, is disclosed. The structures prepared in these examples were found to have good photocatalytic activity as well as good adhesive property, durability and resistant property against accelerated weathering tests following to receiving boiling water test. The resins introduced with polysiloxane, such as acryl-silicon resin (examples 26, 27 and 28) and epoxy-silicon resin (examples 29 and 30), were found to have good adhesive property, durability and resistance against accelerated weathering. Also, acryl resin introduced with polysiloxane (example 31) was found to have good properties.

Examples 32 - 35

0123In examples 32 and 33, a structure, wherein either polyethylene mesh or polypropylene tube was used as the substrate was presented, however, the photocatalyst-carrying structure having good photocatalytic activity, adhesive property and durability was not obtained.

0124In examples 32 through 35, structures, wherein a resin containing colloidal silica was used for forming an adhesive layer, are disclosed, and photocatalytic activity, adhesive property, durability and resistance against accelerated weathering of such structures were found to be excellent. In particular, when the structure is prepared with colloidal silica in fine particles (KS-2) and the colloidal silica is introduced into acryl-silicon resin emulsion (see examples 34 and 35), this type of structure was found to have very good properties. <tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><table frame="all"><title>Table 4</title><tgroup cols="14"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="12" colname="col12" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="13" colname="col13" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="14" colname="col14" colwidth="24mm" /><thead><row><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top" /><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Carrier</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Layer</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col12" align="center" valign="top">Photocatalyst Layer</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Layer Thickness (µ)</entry><entry morerows="2" align="center" valign="top">Photocatalyst Layer Thickness (µ)</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry morerows="1" rowsep="1" align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry morerows="1" rowsep="1" align="center" valign="top">Content *1</entry><entry morerows="1" rowsep="1" align="center" valign="top">Resin Sol.</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">Titaniun Dioxide</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Z-1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Z-2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Z-3</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Z-5</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Z-6</entry></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Example-36</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J- 1</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">6</entry></row><row><entry>Example-37</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">J- 1</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">6</entry></row><row><entry>Example-38</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">15</entry><entry align="center">J- 1</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">7</entry><entry align="center">7</entry></row><row><entry>Example-39</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">J- 1</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">25</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">7</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-40</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">45</entry><entry align="center">J- 2</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-41</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">J- 2</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">25</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">15</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-42</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J- 2</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">1</entry></row><row><entry>Example-43</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">J- 8</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">0.6</entry><entry align="center">0. 2</entry></row><row><entry>Example-44</entry><entry align="center">TD</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">45</entry><entry align="center">J- 7</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-45</entry><entry align="center">TE</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">6</entry></row><row><entry>Example-46</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J- 8</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">25</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">25</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-47</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">PS-3</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">J- 6</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">60</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">15</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-48</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">KS-1</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">J- 3</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">35</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">6</entry></row><row><entry>Example-49</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">KS-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J- 4</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-50</entry><entry align="center">TC</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">J- 3</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-51</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">J- 4</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-52</entry><entry align="center">TD</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J- 3</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">60</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-53</entry><entry align="center">TE</entry><entry align="center">KS-2</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">J- 3</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">2</entry></row><row><entry>Reference Example-5</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Reference Example-6</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">70</entry><entry align="center">J - 1</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">6</entry></row><row><entry>Reference Example-7</entry><entry align="center">TA</entry><entry align="center">KS-1</entry><entry align="center">50</entry><entry align="center">J- 3</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">40</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">6</entry></row><row><entry>Reference Example-8</entry><entry align="center">TB</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">J- 1</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">45</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">7</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="14" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="12" colname="col12" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="13" colname="col13" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="14" colname="col14" colwidth="24mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col14" align="justify">*1: % by weight as SiO₂ in a dried adhesive layer. * 2 : % by weight of titanium dioxide and either a metal oxide gel or a metal hydroxide gel in total in a dried photocatalyst layer.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0009" num="0009"><table frame="all"><title>Table 5</title><tgroup cols="8"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="23mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="27mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="30mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Photocatalytic Activity</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col4" align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Property</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Property</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">Sunshine Weather Meter</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Whole Light Transmittance (%)</entry></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Before Durability Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">After Dura-bility Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">After Boiling Water Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">State of Surface After Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Proerty After Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Example-36</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10 pt.</entry><entry align="center">8 pt.</entry><entry align="center">10 pt.</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8 pt.</entry><entry align="center">68</entry></row><row><entry>Example-37</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">65</entry></row><row><entry>Example-38</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">63</entry></row><row><entry>Example-39</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">75</entry></row><row><entry>Example-40</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">-*5</entry></row><row><entry>Example-41</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">71</entry></row><row><entry>Example-42</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">82</entry></row><row><entry>Example-43</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">87</entry></row><row><entry>Example-44</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">-*4</entry></row><row><entry>Example-45</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">-*4</entry></row><row><entry>Example-46</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">75</entry></row><row><entry>Example-47</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">70</entry></row><row><entry>Example-48</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">66</entry></row><row><entry>Example-49</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">77</entry></row><row><entry>Example-50</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">-*5</entry></row><row><entry>Example-51</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">83</entry></row><row><entry>Example-52</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">-*4</entry></row><row><entry>Example-53</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">-*4</entry></row><row><entry>Reference Example-5</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">54</entry></row><row><entry>Reference Example-6</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">52</entry></row><row><entry>Reference Example-7</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">48</entry></row><row><entry>Reference Example-8</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">C</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">51</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="8" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="28mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="28mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col8" align="justify">* 3 : Since cross-cut Scotch tape test cannot be employed, the observation was made on the surface of the sticking tape side by using binocular. As a result, a photocatalyst layer has not been sticked. * 4 : The determination of the light transmittance could not be made due to its abmormal configuration. *5 : The determination of the light transmittance could not be made because of an opaque carrier.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0125In example 29, a structure, wherein a photocatalyst layer was formed with a coating material prepared by dispersing titania sol containing 12% by weight of titanium dioxide, silica gel (Trade name: Cataloid SI-30, manufactured by Shokubai Hasei Co.. Ltd.) and alumina sol-200 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., adjusting the pH of the resulting mixture to 1.5 and adding a predetermined amount of a surfactant to the mixture, and the thickness of an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer was made to 0.5 µm and 0.3 µm by dipping method, respectively, is disclosed. The structure provided with the layers as described above was found to have good adhesive property and durability as well as high photocatalytic activity, nonetheless of the thin thickness of the photocatalyst layer.

0126A structure with excellent physical property was also obtained even if contents in total of silica gel and alumina sol in a photocatalyst were reduced down to 30% by weight (see example 30).

0127Photocatalytic activity was determined again on the samples, which were prepared in the examples 24 through 35 and were allowed to a durability test under black light at a high temperature and high humidity, dipping test in boiling water and accelerated weathering test by using Sunshine carbon arc weather meter, according to the same method as described above, namely based on the decomposed amount of acetaldehyde by light. As a result, it is found that all samples showed equivalent decomposing activity to the initial decomposed-amount of acetaldehyde, and it is found that the samples have fully kept their initial photocatalytic activity.

0128The compositions and performance test results on the photocatalyst-carrying structures disclosed in the examples 36 through 53 are presented in Tables 4 and 5.

0129In reference example 5, a structure, wherein a photocatalyst layer is carried but no adhesive layer is carried thereon, is disclosed. In this case, the photocatalyst layer has no adhesive property and is easily defoliated from the substrate, and it is observed that the surface of polyester film after receiving a durability test was deteriorated due to photocatalytic action, and the presence of holes and cracks were observed on the film through a binocular.

0130In examples 36 and 37, a structure, wherein acryl-silicon resin was used for forming an adhesive layer and a complex prepared and composed with 40-50% by weight of fine granule titanium dioxide P-25 manufactured by Nihon Aerozil Co.. Ltd., 40% by weight of silica sol represented at (Z-1) and 10-20% by weight of acryl-silicon resin emulsion was used for forming a photocatalyst layer, is disclosed. The structures disclosed in these examples were found to have good adhesive property after receiving boiling test as well as good durability and resistance against accelerated weathering. In examples 38 through 42, a structure, wherein acryl-silicon resin containing polysiloxane was used for forming an adhesive layer and the same photocatalyst powder as the one used in the example 36 was used for forming a photocatalyst layer, and type and content of a sol for forming compoundable gel were changed, is disclosed. The structures prepared in these examples were found to have good photocatalytic activity as well as good adhesive property, durability and resistance against accelerated weathering after receiving boiling water test. In both cases that the resin whereto polysiloxane was introduced was acryl-silicon resin containing 3% by weight of silicon (examples 38 and 39) or acryl-silicon resin containing 10% by weight of silicon (examples 40, 41 and 42), the adhesive property, durability and resistance against accelerated weathering of the structures were found to be excellent.

0131In examples 44 and 45, a structure, wherein an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer were carried on either polyethylene mesh or polypropylene tube, is disclosed, and the structures prepared in these examples were found to have good photocatalytic activity, adhesive property and durability.

0132Such good physical properties were also observed for the structures wherein the resin whereto polysiloxane was introduced is any of epoxy-silicon resin (examples 43 and 46), polyester resin (example 44) and acryl resin (example 47).

0133However, as shown in reference example 6, a photocatalyst layer lost its adhesive property and was defoliated, when the content of polysiloxane in an adhesive layer became 70% by weight even though acryl-silicon resin containing polysiloxane was used for the adhesive layer.

0134In examples 48 through 53, a structure, wherein a resin containing colloidal silica was used for forming an adhesive layer, and the structures prepared in these examples were found to have good photocatalytic activity, adhesive property after receiving boiling water test, durability and resistance against accelerated weathering. In particular, the structures, wherein colloidal silica having fine particle diameter (KS-2) and acryl-silicon emulsion resin introduced with said colloidal silica were used (examples 50 through 53), were found to have excellent physical properties.

0135Whereas, the adhesive property and the durability of the structure, wherein the content of colloidal silica in the adhesive layer was increased to 50% by weight (reference example 7), was found to be radically deteriorated.

0136In examples 44 through 47, a structure, wherein an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer were provided by bar coat method, and a coating material for forming the photocatalyst layer was prepared by dispersing titania sol acidified with nitric acid and containing 12% by weight of titanium dioxide, which was replaced from fine granule titanium dioxide (P-25) manufactured by Nihon Aerozil Co., Ltd.. silica gel (Trade name: Cataloid SI-30) manufactured by Shokubai Kasei Co., Ltd. and either alumina sol-200 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries Co.. Ltd. or zirconia sol manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., adjusting the pH of the resulting mixture to 1.5, and adding a predetermined amount of a surfactant to the said mixture. The structures prepared in these examples were found to have good adhesive property and durability as well as high photocatalytic activity even though the thickness of the photocatalytic layer is relatively thin.

0137In example 47, a structure having good physical properties was obtained even decreasing the content in total of acryl-silicon resin emulsion and silane coupler in a photocatalyst layer down to 20% by weight, however, in reference example 8, adhesive property and durability were radically decreased when such content in total was reduced down to 5% by weight even adding acryl-silicon resin emulsion to the photocatalyst layer.

0138The samples obtained in the examples 36 through 53 and allowed to all of a durability test under irradiation of black light at a high temperature and high humidity, dipping test in boiling water, and accelerated weathering test using Sunshine carbon arc weather meter, were checked again for their photocatalytic activity according to the same method employed at the start of this test based on decomposed-amount of acetaldehyde by light, and it is found that all samples showed the same decomposed-amount of acetaldehyde as the ones obtained at the start of this test and have maintained yet the initial photocatalytic activity with a full capacity.

Example 54

0139According to the method employed in the example 42, a sample of a titanium dioxide photocatalyst-carrying structure was prepared, and the antimicrobial activity of the sample was evaluated.

0140As a result, it was found that the survival rate of colon bacillus on the sample, which was left in a dark place, was 92%, 91% and 91% after 1, 2 and 3 hours, respectively, whereas such rate on the other sample, which was exposed to black light, was 52%, 22% and 11% after 1, 2 and 3 hours, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was noted even on the sample which was placed under a fluorescent lamp, and the survival rate of colon bacillus was 76%, 54% and 22% after 1, 2 and 3 hours, respectively, and those ratios were higher than the ones of the samples left in a dark place.

0141As a silicon compound used for a coating material of a photocatalyst, the followings were used: <dl id="dl0007" compact="compact"><dt>(S-1)</dt><dd>5% by weight ethanol solution of tetraethoxy silane (Super Reagent Grade, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Co.. Ltd.).</dd><dt>(S-2)</dt><dd>5% by weight ethanol solution of tetramethoxy silane (Manufactured by Shinetsu Chemical Industry Co.. Ltd.</dd><dt>(S-3)</dt><dd>5% by weight ethanol solution of methyltriethoxy silane (Super Reagent Grade, Manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Co.. Ltd.).</dd><dt>(S-4)</dt><dd>5% by weight ethanol solution of tri( beta -methoxyethoxy)vinyl silane (Manufactured by Nihon Unikar Co., Ltd.. Trade name: A-172).</dd></dl>

0142To a sol solution and a silicon compound solution represented at (Z -1) through (Z-3), either titanium dioxide powder or sol was dispersed as a photocatalyst together with either water or a mixed solvent of water and ethanol while adjusting the pH of the mixture to an appropriate value ranging from 1.5 to 9 depending upon the type of raw materials and additives, and was further added with a prefixed amount of a surfactant to thereby obtain a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer. The content of the components contained in the said coating material and viscosity and sedimentation state of the particles just after the preparation of the coating material and after 90 days from the sealing are presented in Table 6. <tables id="tabl0010" num="0010"><table frame="all"><title>Table 6</title><tgroup cols="11"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="32mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="center" valign="top">Photocatalyst</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">Metal Dioxide</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">Silicon Compound</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col9" align="center" valign="top">At Start</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col11" align="center" valign="top">After 90 days</entry></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content*¹</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content*1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content^*1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Viscosity</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Sedimentation</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Viscosity</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Sedimentation</entry></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Exampie</entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">wt%</entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">wt%</entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">wt%</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">cP</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">%</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">cP</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">%</entry></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">55</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">S-1</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">31</entry><entry align="center">100</entry><entry align="center">43</entry><entry align="center">90</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">56</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">S-1</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">14</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">16</entry><entry align="center">85</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">57</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">S-1</entry><entry align="center">0.2</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">95</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">58</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">S-1</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">33</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">37</entry><entry align="center">100</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">59</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">S-3</entry><entry align="center">0.1</entry><entry align="center">7</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">9</entry><entry align="center">100</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">Z-2</entry><entry align="center">0.3</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">60</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">S-3</entry><entry align="center">0.01</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">100</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">Z-2</entry><entry align="center">0.05</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">61</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">0.5</entry><entry align="center">S-2</entry><entry align="center">0.02</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">95</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">62</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">0. 1</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">0.1</entry><entry align="center">S-2</entry><entry align="center">0.002</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">95</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">63</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">S-1</entry><entry align="center">0.2</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">90</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">Z-3</entry><entry align="center">0.2</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center" /></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">64</entry><entry align="center">C-3</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">7</entry><entry align="center">S-4</entry><entry align="center">0.2</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">95</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry align="center">65</entry><entry align="center">C-3</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">S-3</entry><entry align="center">0.04</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">100</entry></row><row><entry align="center">66</entry><entry align="center">C-3</entry><entry align="center">0.2</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">0.2</entry><entry align="center">S-1</entry><entry align="center">0.01</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">100</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="11"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="32mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Reference Example</entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row><entry rowsep="0" align="center">9</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">C-1</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">5</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">Z-1</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">5</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">-</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center">3</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">100</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">12</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">45</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0" align="center">10</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">C-2</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">30</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">Z-1</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">10</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">-</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center">33</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">-</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">430</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">55</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0" align="center">11</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">C-2</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">10</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">Z-1</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">10</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">-</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center">7</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">-</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">23</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">65</entry></row><row><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center">Z-2</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">0.3</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">-</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /></row><row><entry rowsep="0" align="center">12</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">C-3</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">5</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">Z-1</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">7</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">-</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center" /><entry rowsep="0" align="center">3</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">-</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">9</entry><entry rowsep="0" align="center">50</entry></row><row><entry align="center">13</entry><entry align="center">C-3</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">Z-1</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center" /><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">60</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="11" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="32mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="13mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="26mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col11" align="justify">Note: Sedimentation of particles was indicated with a ratio of sedimentation volume relative to the whole volume of the coating solution. *1: The content is indicated with percent by weight based on the weight of dried coating solution.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0143In examples 55 through 57, a photocatalyst-carrying structure, wherein titanium dioxide powder (P-25) was used as a photocatalyst, is respectively disclosed. By the addition of a small amount of a silicon compound, the stability after 90 days of the coating material of a photocatalyst was improved very much.

0144In examples 58 through 60, titania sol acidified with nitric acid was used as a photocatalyst, silica gel and alumina sol were jointly used as the compoundable metal oxide sol, and methyltriethoxy silane was used as a silicon compound in examples 59 and 60. By employing this method, remarkable improvement in the resistant property to boiling water, particularly resistance to boiling water in tap water, of the structure formed with a film thereon by applying such coating material, was achieved.

0145In examples 61 and 62, a photocatalyst-carrying structure, wherein tetramethoxy silane was used as a silicon compound, and it is noted that this structure showed an advantage that it can keep the stability of the coating material, even the amount of tetramethoxy silane to add was so small.

0146In example 63, a photocatalyst-carrying structure, wherein powder titanium dioxide (P-25) and titania sol were jointly used for the photocatalyst, and silica sol and zirconia sol were jointly used for a compoundable metal oxide sol, is provided, whereas a coating material having good stability and sedimental property was obtained by adding tetramethoxy silane in the solution.

0147In examples 64 through 66, a photocatalyst-carrying structure, wherein a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by changing the type of silicon compounds, and each coating material prepared in these examples were found to be stable at any prefixed amount to add.

0148On the contrary, in examples 9 through 13, since no silicon compound was added to a coating material, the viscosity of the coating material was drastically increased after 90 days, and sedimentation of particles was certainly resulted in, and therefore, it was difficult to control the condition for forming films when such coating material was used, and it was not feasible to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying structure having stable quality.

Examples 67 through 71

0149By using the coating materials prepared in the examples 55 through 59, photocatalyst-carrying structures were prepared by using the substrates recited in the following. The materials used for the substrate were as follows: <dl id="dl0008" compact="compact"><dt>(SA)</dt><dd>Primer-treated polyester film</dd><dt>(SB)</dt><dd>Soda lime-made glass plate</dd><dt>(SC)</dt><dd>Metal aluminium plate</dd><dt>(SD)</dt><dd>High-density polyethylene mesh (Thickness of fibre: 0.2 mm, mesh size: 0.6 mm)</dd><dt>(SE)</dt><dd>Polypropylene-made mesh (Inner diameter: 30 mm, Outer diameter: 36 mm)</dd></dl>

0150The adhesive layer was formed by dipping method when the thickness thereof was 2 µm or less or the configuration of the substrate was other than plate-shaped, or by a method using a baker applicator when the substrate was plate-shaped and the thickness thereof was formed to 2 µm or more. Temperature used for drying the adhesive layer was 80°C only when the material of the substrate was (SD) or (SE), and it was at 120°C in all other cases. The photocatalyst layer was formed by dipping method when the thickness thereof was 2 µm or less or the configuration of the substrate was other than plate-shaped, or by a method using a bar coater when the substrate was plate-shaped and the thickness thereof was formed to 2 µm or more. Drying of the photocatalyst layer was performed at the same temperature as the one for drying the adhesive layer. Hereunder, physical properties of the photocatalyst-carrying structures prepared in the examples and the reference examples, wherein type and content of the materials described above, the thickness of a film coated, method to form films, etc. were each modified, are presented in Tables 7 and 8. <tables id="tabl0011" num="0011"><table frame="all"><title>Table 7</title><tgroup cols="11"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="21mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="39mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="40mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Example</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Carrier</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">Coating Solution for Adhesive Layer</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col9" align="center" valign="top">Coating Solution for Photocatalyst Layer</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Thickness of Adhesive Layer (µ)</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Thickness of Photocatalyst Layer (µ)</entry></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">TiO₂</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Z-1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Z-2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *1</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Resin Sol.</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Type</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Content *2</entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Example-67</entry><entry align="center">SA</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Example-68</entry><entry align="center">SA</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">J-1</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">0</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Example-69</entry><entry align="center">SC</entry><entry align="center">PS-1</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">C-1</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">2</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Example-70</entry><entry align="center">SD</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">20</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">3</entry></row><row><entry>Example-71</entry><entry align="center">SE</entry><entry align="center">PS-2</entry><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">J-2</entry><entry align="center">C-2</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">0.3</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">2</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="11" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="17mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="21mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="12mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="39mm" /><colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="40mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col11" align="justify">* 1 : Concentration of solid component of the resin in the coating solution. * 2 : Concentration of solid component in the coating solution.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0012" num="0012"><table frame="all"><title>Table 8</title><tgroup cols="8"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="23mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="18mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="21mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="26mm" /><thead><row><entry align="center" valign="top">Example</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Photocatalytic Activity</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col5" align="center" valign="top">Adhesive Property</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col7" align="center" valign="top">Sunshine Weather Meter</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Whole light Transmittance (%)</entry></row><row><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top" /><entry align="center" valign="top">Before Durability Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">After Durability Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">After Boiling Water Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Surface State aft. Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top">Adh.Pro. after Test</entry><entry align="center" valign="top" /></row></thead><tbody><row rowsep="0"><entry>Example-67</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-* 6</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">63</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Example-68</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-* 6</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">75</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Example-69</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-* 6</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-*5</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry>Example-70</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">-* 6</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">-*3</entry><entry align="center">-*4</entry></row><row><entry>Example-71</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">82</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="8" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="21mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="26mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col8" align="justify">* 3 : Since cross-cut Scotch tape test could not be employed, the surface of the sticking tape was observed by using a binocular, however, no adhesion of the photocatalyst layer was observed. * 4 : The determination could not be made due to the difference in configuration. * 5 : The determination could not be made because of an opaque carrier. * 6 : No evaluation has been made.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0151For the samples obtained in the examples 67 through 71 and allowed to black light resistance test under a high temperature and high humidity, dipping test in boiling water and accelerated weathering test by using Sunshine carbon arc weather meter, photocatalytic activity was respectively determined again based on decomposed-amount of acetaldehyde by light that was the method employed for such determination before starting the tests described above. From the result that the same level of decomposed-amount of acetaldehyde as the ones obtained before allowing the samples to such tests above was obtained, it is demonstrated that the original photocatalytic activity has been fully maintained in the structures.

Example 72

0152A photocatalyst-carrying structure comprising titanium dioxide was prepared according to the same method as described in the example 67, and an antimicrobial test was carried out for the structure according to the method described above. The survival rate of colon bacillus on the structure with no radiation of light was 92%, 91 % and 91 % after 1, 2 and 3 hours, respectively, whereas the survival rate on the structure which was exposed to radiation of black light was 52%, 29% and 11% after 1, 2 and 3 hours, respectively. Further, the survival rate of colon bacillus on the structure exposed to radiation of fluorescent lamp was 76%, 54% and 22% after 1, 2 and 3 hours, respectively, which showed higher antimicrobial activity than the structure placed in a dark site.

Example 73: Films processed with sticker

0153A solution for forming an adhesive layer was prepared by mixing 30% by weight of polysiloxane (Manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd., Trade name: Methyl Silicate 51) based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin and 5% by weight of a curing agent (silane coupler) based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin to a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) containing 25% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which contains 3% by weight of silicon, and was diluted with methyl ethyl ketone to adjust the concentration to 10% by weight on the solid component basis.

0154The diluted solution obtained was applied by gravure printing onto a polyester film (Trade name: Cosmoshine 50 µm) A4100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. so as to form a film having a thickness of 1 µm after drying by using a microgravure coater (width: 70 cm) manufactured by Yasui Seiki Co., Ltd. at a speed of 15 m/sec and at dry zone temperature of 13.

0155The polyester film whereto an adhesive layer was formed was then applied with a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer, which was prepared by dispersing titania sol acidified with nitric acid containing 20% by weight of titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst into silica sol acidified with nitric acid containing 20% of silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant, and then diluting the dispersion with a mixture of ion-exchanged water and ethanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) to a concentration of 10% by weight on the solid components basis, by gravure printing same as for the adhesive layer to thereby obtain a polyester film formed with a photocatalyst layer having dried-thickness of 1 µm.

0156Next, to the surface of the photocatalyst-carrying structure comprisinng polyester film whereto a photocatalyst was not applied, a solution prepared by adding 5% by weight on the solid basis of a coating agent for blocking thermic rays, STS-500, manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. into a commercially-available sticker was applied by employing gravure printing method. The film applied with the sticker was winded while laminating the film with polyethylene film (Pyrene film-OT 20 µm) P-2161, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. at a process for drying and winding at the drying zone in the gravure printer, to thereby providing a sticking film.

0157This kind of films can be used for a sticking film for window glass for automobiles, home window glass, and window glass for medical facilities, and they are advantageously characterized from their properties, such as antimicrobial activity, soiling resistant property and deodorant property, as well as scattering-preventive films at breaking of glass.

Example 74 Plate glass

0158To a plate glass made of soda lime having thickness of 1 mm and cut into a piece with a dimension of 5 cm x 5cm, a solution prepared by mixing 30% by weight of polysiloxane (methyl silicate 51, manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) containing 25 % by weight of acryl-silicon resin which contains 3% by weight of silicon, was applied by using No. 7 bar coater and was dried at 100°C for 60 min. to form an adhesive layer. After allowing the plate glass to cooling under an ambient temperature, a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by dispersing titania sol acidified with nitric acid containing 20% by weight of titanium dioxide into silica sol acidified with nitric acid containing 20% by weight of silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant. The solution obtained was then applied onto the adhesive layer described above by using No. 7 bar coater as well, and was then dried for 60 min. at 100°C to thereby obtain a photocatalyst -carrying glass plate (Sample No. 1).

Example 75 Glass Fibre Papers

0159The solution for forming an adhesive layer used in the example 74 was diluted with xylene-propanol solution (mixing ratio, 50:50) to obtain a concentration of 5% by weight on the solid component basis. A glass fibre paper SAS-030 (weight: 30 g/m²) manufactured by Oribest Co., Ltd. was dipped in the diluted solution prepared as described above and was then pulled out, allowed to stand and dried at 100°C for 120 min. to form an adhesive layer on the surface of the said glass fibre paper. Then, the glass fibre paper whereto the adhesive layer was formed was dipped into a solution prepared by diluting the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer used in the example 74 with ion-exchanged water to a concentration of 10% by weight, and was pulled out and dried at 100°C for 120 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying glass fibre paper (Sample No. 2).

Example 76 Lens for Glasses

0160An adhesive layer was formed onto lens for glasses, PC pointal coat TC(+)1.00S 0.0065 mm ∅ (diameter) manufactured by Nikon Corporation, by applying a solution prepared by admixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51 manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 20% by weight based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) containing 10% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which contains 3% by weight of silicon onto the lens according to dipping method as described in the example 75, and the coated-lens were dried at 100°C for 20 min. After cooling the lens at an ambient temperature, a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by dispersing titania sol as a photocatalyst acidified with nitric acid and containing 5% by weight of titanium dioxide into silica sol acidified with nitric acid and containing 5% silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant. Using this coating material for photocatalyst layer and employing dipping method similarly, a photocatalyst layer was formed by coating the said coating material onto the surface of said adhesive layer and was dried at 100°C for 20 min. to obtain photocatalyst-carrying lens for glasses (Sample No. 3).

Example 77 Wall Papers made of Poly(vinyl chloride)

0161A solution prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51 manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 30% by weight based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) containing 25% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which contains 3% by weight of silicon was applied onto a wall paper made of poly(vinyl chloride)(SG 5328, manufactured by Sangetsu Co., Ltd.) cut into a piece with a dimension of 5 cm x 5 cm and a thickness of 1 mm by using a bar coater No. 7, and the applied-paper was then dried at 100°C for 20 min. to obtain an adhesive layer. After cooling the paper at an ambient temperature, a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by dispersing titania sol as a photocatalyst acidified with nitric acid and containing 20% by weight of titanium dioxide into silica sol acidified with nitric acid and containing 20% silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant. Applying this solution onto the surface of the adhesive layer by using a bar coater No. 7, and the paper coated was dried at 100°C for 20 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying wall paper (Sample No. 4).

Example 78 Polyester Films

0162The solution for forming an adhesive layer used in the example 77 was diluted with a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) to adjust the concentration of the mixture to 25% by weight on the solid components basis. The diluted solution was then applied by gravure printing at a speed of 10 m/min. and at dry zone temperature of 130 DEG C onto a polyester film (Cosmoshine) A4100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. by using a microgravure coater (width: 70 cm) manufactured by Yasui Seiki Co., Ltd. to form a film with a thickness after drying of 3 µm.

0163Then, the polyester film formed with an adhesive layer was further applied with the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer used in the example 77 according to gravure printing to thereby obtain a photocatalyst-carrying polyester film provided with a photocatalyst layer having a thickness after drying of µm (Sample No. 5).

Example 79 Protective Filters for Personal Computers

0164A solution for forming an adhesive layer was prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51 manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 30% by weight on the solid component basis relative to the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a xylene solution containing 20% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which contains 20% by weight of silicon and was diluted with an isopropanol solution to adjust the concentration to 20% by weight on the solid component basis. Then, the solution was applied by dipping onto VDT filter, E-filter III, manufactured by Toray Co., Ltd. and the filter coated was then dried at 100°C for 20 min. to form an adhesive layer on the surface of the filter. Subsequently, the VDT protective filter formed with adhesive layer was further allowed to dipping process in a solution prepared by diluting the coating material used in the example 77 with ion-exchanged water to the extent that the content of solid component in the coating material to be 10% by weight, pulled out there from and dried at 100°C for 20 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying VDT filter (Sample No. 6).

Example 80 Telephone Set Cases

0165The solution for forming an adhesive layer used in the example 77 was diluted with a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) to adjust the concentration of the solution to 20% by weight on the solid component basis. The diluted-solution was applied by spraying to a case for a telephone set (Type: HIT-1, Manufactured by Hitachi Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) by using a spray gun (Type: WIDER 88 Manufactured by Iwata Tosoki Kogyo Co., Ltd). After drying the sprayed-case at 100 DEG C for 20 min., a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer used in the example 1 was adjusted by dilution with ion-exchanged water to a concentration of 8% by weight on the solid component basis, and the diluted-coating material was applied by spraying as described above. After drying the case at 100 DEG C for 20 min., a photocatalyst-carrying telephone set case was obtained (Sample No. 7).

Example 81 Lens for Glasses

0166An adhesive layer was formed onto lens for glasses, NL70HCCTc(+)1.0 OS 0. 00 (70 mm ∅) manufactured by Nikon Corporation, by applying a solution prepared by admixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51 manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 20% by weight based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio. 50: 50) containing 10% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which contains 3% by weight of silicon onto the lens according to dipping method as described in the example 79, and the coated-lens were dried at 100°C for 20 min. After cooling the lens at an ambient temperature, a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer, which was prepared by dispersing titania sol as a photocatalyst acidified with nitric acid and containing 15% by weight of titanium dioxide into silica sol acidified with nitric acid and containing 15% silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant, was applied onto the lens to form a photocatalyst layer. Using this solution for photocatalyst layer and employing the same dipping method, a photocatalyst layer was formed by coating the solution onto the surface of said adhesive layer and was dried at 100°C for 20 min. to obtain photocatalyst-carrying lens for glasses (Sample No. 8).

Example 82 Curtains

0167Textile fabrics for curtains, trade name "Hospia" (for school and hospital use) manufactured by Kawashima Orimono Co., Ltd. were cut into a piece with a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm, and the pieces were dipped into a solution prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51 manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 20% by weight on the solid component basis relative to the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) containing 15% by weight of epoxy-silicon resin which contains 3% by weight of silicon, pulled out there from and dried at 80°C for 120 min. After cooling the fabrics at an ambient temperature, the textile fabrics whereto an adhesive layer was formed thereon was dipped into a coating material for forming photocatalyst layer which was prepared by dispersing titania sol produced by Ammonia Alkali containing 10% by weight of titanium dioxide into silica sol containing 10% by weight of silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant, pulled out there from and dried at 80 DEG C for 120 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying textile fabric for curtain use (Sample No. 9).

Example 83 Nonwoven Fabrics

0168Non-bleached nonwoven fabric made of cotton (Trade name: Orcos, Manufactured by Nisshinbo Co., Ltd.) was cut into pieces each having a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm, and each piece was sprayed with a solution prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51 manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 30% by weight based on the weight of acryl-slicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) containing 25% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which contains 3% by weight of silicon by using a spray gun (Type: WIDER 88, Manufactured by Iwata Tosoki Kogyo Co., Ltd.). After drying the sprayed fabric at 100 DEG C for 30 min., the solution for forming a photocatalyst layer used in the example 82 was applied to the said fabric, and the applied fabric was then dried at 100 DEG C for 30 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying cotton nonwoven fabric suitable for surgical gowns, table clothes, covers for a toilet seat, shoji papers, covering sheets for seedlings, food packaging materials, etc.

Example 84 Printed Polyester Cloth Fabrics for Umbrella

0169Using commercially available printed polyester cloth fabrics for umbrella use as a substrate, an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer were coated thereon according to the same method disclosed in the example 83. The photocatalyst-carrying printed polyester cloth fabric obtained here was found to have almost no difference in patterns and feeling from normal cloth fabrics (Sample No. 11).

Example 85 Wall Papers (Woven Cloth)

0170Using a plain woven cloth, SG 6758, manufactured by Sangetsu Co., Ltd. as a substrate, an adhesive layer and a photocatalyst layer were formed onto the cloth according to the method disclosed in the example 83.

0171The photocatalyst-carrying woven cloth wall paper did not give bad influence on the quality of the woven cloth (Sample No. 12).

Example 86 Aluminium Sash

0172A solution prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51, manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 30% by weight based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio. 50:50) containing 25% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which contains 3% by weight of silicon was applied onto a aluminium sash plate cut into a piece with a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm by using a bar coater No. 7 and the aluminium sash plate was dried at 100°C for 60 min. to form an adhesive layer on the plate. After cooling the plate at an ambient temperature, a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by dispersing titania sol acidified with nitric acid containing 20% by weight of titanium dioxide into silica sol acidified with nitric acid containing 20% by weight of silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant. The coating material was then applied onto the surface of the adhesive layer described above by using a bar coater No. 7, and the applied plate was dried at 130° C for 10 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying aluminium plate (Sample No. 13).

Example 87 Stainless Steel Plates

0173The solution for forming an adhesive layer used in the example 86 was adjusted by dilution with a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) to a concentration of 5% by weight on a solid component basis. A stainless steel plate made of SUS 316 (Thickness: 0.2 mm) cut into a piece with a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm was dipped into the solution described above, pulled out there from and dried at 120°C for 20 min. to form an adhesive layer on the surface of the stainless steel plate. Then, the stainless steel plate whereto an adhesive layer was formed was dipped into a solution prepared by adjusting the concentration of the coating material for a photocatalyst layer used in the example 86 with ion-exchanged water to a concentration of 10% by weight, pulled out there from and dried at 120°C for 20 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying stainless steel plate (Sample No. 14).

Example 88 Tin Plates

0174A tin plate having a thickness of 1 mm cut into a piece with a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm was dipped into a solution prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51, manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 30% by weight based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin into 20% by weight of xylene solution of acryl-silicon resin which contains 20% by weight of silicon and then diluting the mixture with isopropanol solution up to a concentration of 20% by weight on the solid component basis, pulled out therefrom and dried at 100°C for 60 min. to form an adhesive layer on the tin plate. The tin plate on which an adhesive layer was formed was then dipped into a solution prepared by adjusting the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer used in the example 86 by dilution with ion -exchanged water to a concentration of 10% by weight, pulled out from the solution and dried at 100°C for 60 min, to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying tin plate (Sample No. 15).

Example 89 Blinds

0175After removing a slat having a width of 800 mm and a height of 700 mm of a blind, "Silky Curtain" (15 mm slat width type) T-12 (white), manufactured by Tachikawa Blind Industry Co., Ltd. , a solution prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51, manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) of 30% by weight based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) containing 25% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which comprises 3% by weight of silicon was applied by spraying by using a spray gun, WIDER 88, manufactured by Iwata Tosoki Kogyo Co., Ltd. After drying the sprayed-blind at 120° C for 20 min., the blind was further applied by spraying with a solution prepared by diluting the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer used in the example 86 with ion-exchanged water to a concentration of 8% by weight on the solid component basis (Sample No. 16).

Example 90 Printed Plywood

0176A printed plywood, Neowood, having a thickness of 2.5 mm and cut into a piece with a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm, manufactured by Eidai Sangyo Co., Ltd. was applied with a solution prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51, manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 30% by weight based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin into a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio. 50:50) containing 25% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which comprises 3% by weight of silicon by using a bar coater No. 7 and was then dried at 100°C for 30 min. to form an adhesive layer on the printed plywood. After cooling the printed plywood at an ambient temperature, a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by dispersing titania sol acidified with nitric acid containing 20% by weight of titanium dioxide into silica sol acidified with nitric acid containing 20% silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant. Using this coating material and a bar coater No. 7, the coating material was applied on the surface of the adhesive layer and was dried at 100°C for 30 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying printed plywood (Sample No. 17).

Example 91 Synthetic Timbers

0177The solution for forming an adhesive layer used in the example 90 was diluted with a mixed solution of xylene and isopropanol (mixing ratio, 50:50) to a concentration of 5% by weight on the solid component basis.

0178A synthetic timber, Esron Neolamber FFU-50, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and cut into a piece with a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm was dipped into the diluted solution prepared above, pulled out there from and dried at 100 DEG C for 120 min. to form an adhesive layer on the surface of the timber. The timber on which the adhesive layer was formed was then dipped into a solution prepared by diluting the coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer used in the example 90 with ion-exchanged water to a concentration of 10% by weight, pulled out there from and dried at 100°C for 120 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying synthetic timber (Sample No. 18).

Example 92 Wooden Doors

0179An indoor use wooden door (Type 38 RC0202-IR6, Oak pattern) manufactured by Daiken Kogyo C. , Ltd. was cut into a piece with a dimension of 7 cm x 7 cm, and the piece was applied with a solution prepared by mixing polysiloxane (Methyl Silicate 51, manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.) 20% by weight based on the weight of acryl-silicon resin (mixing ratio, 50:50) containing 10% by weight of acryl-silicon resin which comprises 3% by weight of silicon according to the dipping method similar to the one as described in the example 91 to form an adhesive layer and was dried at 100°C for 20 min. After cooling the piece at an ambient temperature, a coating material for forming a photocatalyst layer was prepared by dispersing titania sol acidified with nitric acid containing 5% by weight of titanium dioxide into silica sol acidified with nitric acid containing 5% by weight of silicon oxide in the presence of a surfactant. This coating material was applied onto the surface of the adhesive layer by employing the dipping method described above and dried at 100°C for 20 min. to obtain a photocatalyst-carrying wooden door.

Evaluation for Photocatalytic Activity

0180Photocatalytic activity of the samples 1 through 19 was evaluated respectively, and the results in the evaluation were presented in Table 9.

Industrial Use

0181The photocatalyst-carrying structure according to the present invention has high photocatalytic activity, and glass, plastics, metallic materials, cloth fabrics, timbers and wooden materials, which respectively carry a photocatalyst being resistant to deterioration and highly durable, can be useful for lens, various types of window glass, adhesive films, sheets for decoration, wall papers, curtains, construction materials, such as blinds, interior goods, etc. <tables id="tabl0013" num="0013"><table frame="all"><title>Table 9</title><tgroup cols="7"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="26mm" /><tbody><row><entry /><entry align="center">Total Ray Transmissibity</entry><entry align="center">Aldehyde Decomposing Activity</entry><entry align="center">Salad Oil Decomposing Activity</entry><entry align="center">Antimicrobial Activity</entry><entry align="center">Initail Adhesive Property</entry><entry align="center">Durability</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 1</entry><entry align="center">85%</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry>10 Points</entry><entry>10 pt</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 2</entry><entry align="center">65</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry>5% or less weight reduction by 10 min. ultra-sonification</entry><entry>Same as Initail Adhesive Property</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 3</entry><entry align="center">90</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 4</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 5</entry><entry align="center">90</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 6</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 7</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 8</entry><entry align="center">95</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 9</entry><entry align="center">-%</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">*1</entry><entry align="center">*1</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 10</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">*1</entry><entry align="center">*1</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 11</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">*1</entry><entry align="center">*1</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 12</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">*1</entry><entry align="center">*1</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 13</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 14</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 15</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 16</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 17</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">B</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">8</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 18</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row><row><entry>Sample 19</entry><entry align="center">-</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">A</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">10</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="7" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="20mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="24mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="26mm" /><tbody><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify">* 1 : Since basic grain tape method could not be employed, the surface of the sticking tape was observed, however, no adhesion of the photocatalyst layer was recognized.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>