Device for producing and using biogas

The invention relates to a device for the production and utilization of biogas according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a device is known for example from the prospectus of Consultants Claus Rückert, biogas plants, 92259 Neukirchen. - The known device requires a relatively high production effort. There must be two separate buildings are constructed. One building forms the shell of a biogas reactor and also comprises, if necessary, a biogas storage. A second commonly removed from built building is used to accommodate a cogeneration unit, which is operated with the biogas produced in the first building. The necessity of building two buildings requires a relatively large amount of space. This makes expensive conventional devices for the generation and utilization of biogas.

From DE 199 58 142 A1 a mobile biogas plant is known. Instead of two separate buildings, two separate containers are provided here. In a container, a fermenter is housed. In another container, there is a biogas storage and a device for generating energy. To start such a mobile biogas plant it is necessary to install between the two containers electricity and gas interconnections. Such containers can coexist and also partly superimposed be set up. For details of the arrangement of the container are the EN not refer 199 58 142 A1.

Another mobile biogas plant is known from DE 197 44 653 A1. Here, a biogas reactor, a biogas collection system and a cogeneration unit are provided in a modular construction made of prefabricated elements, which are integrated into a single housing. The housing can be transported together with the modules received therein. Although the proposed modular design facilitates disassembly of the proposed biogas plant as well as their re-establishment in a different place. The production of a modular biogas plant is however relatively expensive.

EP 1069174 A1 describes a gas generator for the production of methane gas. Through recovery of a powered with biogas engine discharged exhaust dehydration of biomass is made possible. The motor is disposed outside a building surrounding the reactor.

EP 1088885 A2 describes another biogas reactor. About a pipeline network, the gas thus produced is transported to a gas recovery facility. The provision and maintenance of a pipeline system for transporting biogas is complex.

The DE 197 46 636 A discloses a partially above-ground building that has a space that acts as a fermenter, a second (space below the roof), which is completed with a film and is used as a gas storage and a third space (21 ), where a CHP is arranged. Furthermore, the building has an intended for pumpable part of the biomass heater on (heating coil in the fermenter) and in a fourth space on a device for on / and removal of biomass.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. It should be particularly indicated an as simple and inexpensive to produce apparatus for the production and utilization of biogas. According to another object of the invention, the device should be as compact as possible. The device is also possible easily be charged with biomass and emissions from the process residues should be as simple as possible, can be removed and transported away.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Useful embodiments result from the features of claims 2 to 16th

According to the invention it is provided that in the biogas reactor is a reel agitator for stirring was added and comminuting solid biomass.

Appropriately, the first space part of the basement of the building and the second and third room are part of an upper level. Here, the second and / or third space above the first space may be arranged. In this embodiment, the device is designed particularly compact.

According to another particularly advantageous embodiment, the building has a concrete, preferably reinforced concrete, building prepared. At least one wall of the building may form a supporting wall for supporting a head up to the level of the upper floor landfill. Such landfill to the level of the upper floor allows for easy starting of vehicles. The structure may be arranged to further that on an opposite example, the bulkhead wall, the ground level corresponds approximately to the level of the basement. This facilitates starting of vehicles for loading the provided in the basement of the biogas reactor with biomass and for receiving removed from the biogas reactor waste.

Advantageously, the biogas storage is in a second space recorded foil gas storage. In foil gas storage can be added to a device for cleaning the biogas. The device may be soluble sulfur and ammonia-compounds a gas washing device, in particular for the removal. Apart from this, the device may include growth surfaces for microorganisms for the removal of contained in the biogas pollutants, in particular sulfur compounds. A biogas storage having the aforementioned features provides a relatively clean, essentially consisting of methane and carbon dioxide biogas, which, once can be converted for example by combustion in a cogeneration plant, a motor and the like. In energy, particularly electrical energy.

According to another embodiment it is provided that a second separated from the third chamber wall is designed as a fire wall. This ensures that there can be no explosion of the device at a spark or flame in the third room.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a heater is provided for heating a pumpable ingredient of biomass. The heater may comprise a heat exchanger and / or a comminuting device. It is conveniently located outside the building. This makes the heater easy to access. In case of repair or maintenance of the biogas reactor does not have to be emptied.

According to a further embodiment, in the basement next to the first chamber, a fourth space can be provided, in which a pumping device is provided for drawing off fermented residues. Upstairs above the fourth compartment, a fifth space be provided in the means for separating the removed waste is provided. By means of such a device for the separation, which is also referred to as "separator", which drawn-off from the biogas reactor residual substances are separated in a substantially solid and a substantially liquid phase. The liquid phase is expediently recirculated, ie zuzurückgeführt in the biogas reactor. This allows a particularly effective fermentation and consequently a particularly high yield of biogas is achieved.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the biogas reactor can be designed such that it is exclusively with solid biomass, such as corn and the like, charged for fermentation.. It is in this case to a biogas reactor with which the method of "dry fermentation" or "dry fermentation" is feasible. The liquid required for the fermentation of the aforementioned processes is held here by recirculation of the liquid phase separator obtained in transition.

Conveniently, a means for supplying of biomass to the bioreactor is provided outside the building. This facilitates their feeding. In addition, it is particularly easy to access in case of maintenance or repair. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the means for supplying biomass forms a, recorded, for example in a container module which can be replaced if necessary.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:<dl id="dl0001"><dt>Fig. 1</dt><dd>a floor plan of the basement of a building first, </dd><dt>FIG. 2</dt><dd>a ground plan of the upper floor of the first building,</dd><dt>Fig. 3</dt><dd>a first cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 and 2, and</dd><dt>Fig. 4</dt><dd>a second cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 and 2,</dd><dt>Fig. 5</dt><dd>a floor plan of the basement of a second building,</dd><dt>Fig. 6</dt><dd>a ground plan of the upper floor of the second building,</dd><dt>Fig. 7</dt><dd>a first cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 and 6 and</dd><dt>Fig. 8</dt><dd>a second cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 and 6.</dd></dl>

In FIGS. 1-4, a first embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown. A generally designated by the numeral 1 first building is surrounded by two long 2, 2a and two short outer walls 3, 3a. The long 2, 2a and the short outer walls 3, 3a form, together with the in Figs. 3 and 4 apparent bottom plate 4 as well as the ceiling 5, a first space 6, the outer walls 2, 2a, 3, 3a, the base plate 4 and the cover 5 constitute a structure which can be made ​​of concrete, in particular reinforced concrete. The first space 6 also forms the shell of a biogas reactor BG. Between the two short outer walls 3, 3a are added to substantially horizontal axes 7, 7a rotatable Haspelrührwerke 8, 8a. The proposed Haspelrührwerke 8, 8a enable ultra power efficient mixing of the recorded in the biogas reactor BG biomass. An ef reaches fective implementation of stirring.

Unwanted settling and floating layers can be reliably prevented. By the reference numeral 9 is a means for feeding the biogas reactor BG with a (not shown here) is denoted biomass.

In the floor shown in FIG. 2 a section at the long outer walls 2, 2a and the short outer wall 3 define a second space 10, in which a biogas storage BS is housed. In particular, the biogas storage BS includes two gas storage film 11, 11a. In the foil gas storage 11, 11a growing surfaces (not shown here) for receiving micro-organisms as well as a gas washing device can be provided. Such devices are used to remove pollutants, in particular sulfur-containing compounds from the biogas.

An upstairs each sections of the short outer wall 3a and the long outer wall 2 limited third space 12 is building inside limited by fire protection walls 13, 13a. In the third room 12 a cogeneration unit 14 is added. Instead of the cogeneration unit 14 may, of course, other suitable means for generating energy, in particular electrical energy, be provided. In the third chamber 12 may also be one of the CHP 14 provided upstream means for increasing the biogas pressure. Further, from the third chamber 12 by a roof of the device through a device for flaring of biogas, a so-called "flare" extend. Adjacent to the second and / or third space, a fifth space 16 is provided in the (not shown here) is received separator for separating removed from the biogas reactor BG residues. Below the fifth space 16 can -. As shown in Fig 4 can be seen - a fourth space 15 may be provided, which can for example serve to receive pump. By means of the pump, it is possible to selectively peel fermented biomass or residue from the biogas reactor BG. The pumps can be automatically controlled or regulated. Upstairs is adjacent to the second chamber 10, a sixth area to be 17 provided, (not shown here) can be used for receiving switchgear.

As shown particularly in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be seen, a first ground level N1 is approximately at the level of the basement. A second ground level N2 is formed by an embankment against acting as a retaining wall long wall. 2 The second ground level N2 corresponds approximately to the level of the upper floor. All walls 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 13, 13a and the bottom plate 4 and the cover 5 are expediently made of reinforced concrete.

The arrangement of the spaces 6, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17 is selected so that the length of connecting pipes is minimal mass transport. So the fourth space 15 for receiving the pump is arranged directly adjacent to the first space. 6 This facilitates the discharge and transport of waste materials from the first space 6 and transport to the overlying fifth space 16, in which a separator is added to separate the waste materials. The biogas formed in the biogas reactor BG can be transferred without the provision of a particularly long lines in the overlying biogas storage BS readily. Similarly, the stored in the biogas storage BS biogas can be immediately supplied to the recorded in the third chamber 12 CHP 14 without the provision of long lines.

The envisaged at the first level N1 means 9 for feeding the biogas reactor BG may be designed as a module in the form of a container. It is conveniently located outside of the first building. 1 This facilitates their accessibility and the feed of the biogas reactor BG. A second ground level N2 is designed such that with it, can be worn readily obtained upstairs residues, in particular by means of the separator separated solids.

For example, at the short outside wall 3 may further comprise a (not shown) double-pipe heat exchanger may be provided to preheat pumpable biomass. By means of the double-tube heat exchanger can be pumped in circulation a pumpable part of the biomass through the biogas reactor BG and constantly maintained at a desired predetermined temperature. The double-tube heat exchanger may include a crusher, can be dissolved or disintegrated with the particularly energy-saving contained in pumpable part of the biogas fibrous components. With such a crushing of the fibrous components can be further increased biogas yield.

FIGS. 5 to 8 show a second embodiment of a biogas plant according to the invention. A generally designated by the numeral 18 second building has the basement again a first space 6, which is surrounded by two long 2, 2a and two short outer walls 3, 3a. The first space 6, in turn, forms the shell of the biogas reactor BG. Therein is housed one about the horizontal axis 7 rotatable reel agitator eighth The device 9 for feeding the biogas reactor BG is housed here in an annexe to the first chamber 6 seventh room 19th Opposite the seventh room adjoins the first space 6, the fourth chamber 15 to, in the (not shown here) pumps are housed for actively discharging fermented residues from the biogas reactor BG.

In particular from FIG. 6 can be seen, is located above the fourth compartment turn the fifth chamber 16, where a Designated by the numeral 20 a separator is added. The fire wall 13 separates the received in the second chamber 10 biogas storage BS from the third space 12, in which the cogeneration unit 14 is located. Furthermore, two sixth chambers 17 are provided in the floor shown in Fig. 6, which are used for example as an assembly or control room.

The second space 10 is provided to vent with vent stacks 21st From the third chamber 12 extending through a roof 22, a gas torch 23rd

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

<dl id="dl0002" compact="compact"><dt>1</dt><dd>first building</dd><dt>2, 2a</dt><dd>long outer walls</dd><dt>3, 3a</dt><dd>short external walls</dd><dt>4</dt><dd>baseplate</dd><dt>5</dt><dd>blanket</dd><dt>6</dt><dd>first space</dd><dt>7, 7a</dt><dd>axis</dd><dt>8, 8a</dt><dd>reel agitator</dd><dt>9</dt><dd>Means for feeding</dd><dt>10</dt><dd>second room</dd><dt>11, 11a</dt><dd>Foil gas storage</dd><dt>12</dt><dd>third space</dd><dt>13, 13a</dt><dd>Fire screen</dd><dt>14</dt><dd>CHP</dd><dt>15</dt><dd>fourth room</dd><dt>16</dt><dd>fifth space</dd><dt>17</dt><dd>sixth space</dd><dt>18</dt><dd>second building</dd><dt>19</dt><dd>seventh space</dd><dt>20</dt><dd>separator</dd><dt>21</dt><dd>exhaust chamber</dd><dt>22</dt><dd>roof</dd><dt>23</dt><dd>gas flare</dd></dl><dl id="dl0003" compact="compact"><dt>BG</dt><dd>biogas reactor</dd><dt>BS</dt><dd>biogas storage</dd><dt>N1</dt><dd>first ground level</dd><dt>N2</dt><dd>Second ground level</dd></dl>