Monocoque concrete structures

MONOTECH INTERNATIONAL, INC.

MPK⁶: E 04 B 2/02

Shell concrete assemblies

This application is a so-called continuation-in part. supplementary patent application based on U.S. patent application no. US 08 / 928,398, filed September 12, 1997, which is also a so-called continuation-in part application based on US patent application no. No. 08 / 570,754, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,771,649, granted June 30, 1998, to which we refer in this application.

The invention relates to a concrete assembly, and in particular to a shell concrete assembly, in which a layer of hardened concrete applied to the edible assembly forms a load-bearing lining or. shell.

According to the shell concrete construction technique described in our prior U.S. Patent Application US 08 / 570,754, now US Patent No. 5,771,649, granted June 30, 1998, light foamed boards or blocks forming different walls are placed on previously executed concrete foundations, floors and / or roofs of the building. The foam panels cut out the openings for windows and doors, and then the foam panels on either side are sprayed or hand-plastered with reinforced concrete to give a double shell concrete structure. Concrete contains polymeric additives that increase adhesion to foam boards and foundations, and it also contains fibers and other additives to increase flexural and impact resistance, as well as toughness, abrasion resistance, strength and crack resistance. Upon completion, the concrete forms a shell lining that forms the load-bearing shells of the building, while the foamed panels, with their excellent insulating properties, are inserted between the concrete shells.

In terms of further refinement of the double-shell concrete construction technique, it was found that different conventional structural materials can be integrated with the double-shell concrete slabs, thus providing increased strength of various structural parts such as walls, floors and roofing, and also improving flexibility in the execution of details of the building, including openings for windows and doors, while still maintaining the cost of building layout and optimizing the time it takes to complete a building.

The invention deals with the technique of shell concrete construction with increased flexibility and while maintaining the cost of construction.

It is a further object of the invention to integrate conventional structural materials with the technique of shell concrete structures, thereby improving the strength of the structure and the execution of structural details.

The aforementioned and other objects of the invention are achieved by the invention according to the design of a shell concrete structure comprising a dish assembly consisting of foamed boards which form an opposite surface and are adapted to the desired final shape for the implementation of the shell concrete assembly, and further comprising a layer of reinforced concrete on each of the opposite surfaces of the core assembly, thereby allowing the construction of a double shell concrete assembly with a load-bearing concrete lining or. shell on each of the opposite sides or. surfaces of the core assembly.

In a preferred embodiment of the dishes, the assembly comprises a frame or a frame. frame for holding the plates in the desired position before applying the concrete. The frame may consist of supports of Hprofiles and / or of supports of C-profiles, which are preferably metallic. In addition to holding the panels in the desired position, the frame is used to transfer loads between the shell concrete coverings. Load transfer mechanisms in addition to, or instead of, H-profile and C-profile supports may be designed as end members arranged on opposite sides of the foam and at least partially incorporated into each of the respective concrete coverings, or also as a through part, extending along the width of the foamed panels and is connected to the ends.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a wall (which may be either a free-standing wall or the wall of a dwelling or other building) is provided, comprising a previously described shell-like concrete structure, with the wall supported by a concrete foundation. In one embodiment of the wall, a plurality of C-profile beams are fastened to the foundation, with the C-profile webs extending upwards to form a groove to receive the lower end of the foamed panels. In a preferred embodiment of the wall according to the invention, a plurality of spaced H-profile beams are mounted in the concrete foundation and run vertically. The corresponding ends of the adjacent foam plates are inserted into each other opposite the open grooves of the H-profile beams. In other embodiments, the H-profile beams can be replaced by columns that are built into the foundation and located at the corresponding ends of the foamed boards. Alternatively, the gaps between the ends of adjacent panels may be filled with concrete terminations, preferably by adding a wire mesh, the concrete in the gaps providing an integral connection with the shell concrete coverings along the sides of the foamed panels.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the wall comprises an opening for receiving a window frame. The C-profile brackets surround the vertical edges of the foam panels, which limit the opening to which the window frames are attached. Shell concrete coverings cover the arms or joints. C-profile lanes.

According to a still further embodiment of the invention, the wall comprises an opening for receiving a door frame. Vertical edges of foam panels are inserted into the H-profile brackets to restrict the door opening. In the grooves of the H-profile brackets facing each other, wooden brackets are attached to form the door frames.

According to a further variant of the invention, there is provided a method of construction of buildings in which the previously described shell concrete assembly is used as a load-bearing wall component of the building. In a further embodiment of the process according to the invention, the building is constructed of hybrid materials including the use of the previously described shell concrete assembly as at least one load-bearing component of the building and further using conventional materials including e.g. wood as further from the load-bearing components of the building. The invention will now be described in further detail based on the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a double-shell concrete wall constructed in accordance with the invention, in an outline and partly cut away;

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section in the plane 2 - 2 of FIG. 1, FIG. 2A shows as FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment of a double shell wall according to the invention; 3 shows a cross-section in the plane 3 - 3 of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 A shows a similar view to FIG. 3 is a further cross-sectional view of the invention, FIG. Fig. 4 shows a vertical cross-section of a double-walled concrete wall in the area of ​​a support according to a further embodiment of the invention; 5 shows a partial cross-section in the plane 5 - 5 of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 shows a partial outline of a double-shell concrete wall using load-bearing inserts according to a further embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7 shows a cross-section in the plane 7 -7 according to FIG. 6, FIG. 8 shows, similar to FIG. 7 is a further sectional view of the invention; 9 is a perspective view of the load transfer insert according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, FIG. Fig. 10 shows an exploded view of a foamed plate and a load transfer cartridge according to a further embodiment of the invention; 11 shows in FIG. 10 shows a cross-section load transfer insert similar to FIG. 7 and 8, when assembled in a double shell concrete wall, FIG. 12 is a perspective and partially cut-off view of a double-shell concrete construction panel illustrating a further embodiment of the load transfer insert, FIG. Fig. 13 shows a partial outline view of a double-shell concrete structural panel with load transfer inserts according to a further embodiment of the invention; 14 shows a cross-section in the plane 14 -14 according to FIG. 13, fig. 15 shows a cross-section in the plane 15 -15 according to FIG. 13, fig. 16-18 show in similar respects the same as FIG. 13-15, but in accordance with a still further embodiment of the invention, FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a window in the intermediate construction phase, which is incorporated in double-shell concrete structural slabs in accordance with further aspects of the invention; FIG. 20 is an enlarged, perspective view, partly in cross section and partly cut away, showing the corner area of ​​the window frame according to FIG. 19, FIG. 21 in perspective shows a door during construction which is incorporated in double-shell concrete structural slabs in accordance with further aspects of the invention; 22 shows a cross-section in the plane 21 - 21 of FIG. 21, in addition, the concrete shells of the completed building, FIG. 23 shows the door frame shown in FIG. 21 and 22, in an enlarged perspective view, partly in cross section and partly in cross section, FIG. 24 in partial section shows a double shell concrete wall supported by a concrete foundation according to a further aspect of the invention; 25 shows, in partly perspective, partly cross-sectional and partially cut-out manner, two double-walled concrete structural walls, which fold into a corner and which are mounted on the foundation in accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, FIG. 26 shows a partial perspective view of wall and perforated panels using the technique of double-shell concrete structures according to the invention, in the intermediate construction phase, FIG. 27 shows a vertical cross-section of finished walls and roofs made in accordance with the double-shell concrete slab technique of the invention, FIG. 28 shows a vertical cross-section of walls and an intermediate floor and a ceiling using the technique of double-shell concrete structures together with other materials within a hybrid construction in accordance with further variants of the invention; 29 shows the hybrid construction of FIG. 28 in the intermediate construction phase and in partial perspective view, partly in cross section and partly cut out, FIG. 30 shows a wall and a roof in which a hybrid construction according to a further variant of the invention is used, in the intermediate construction phase and in partial perspective view, partly in cross section and partly cut, FIG. 31 shows a vertical cross-section of the hybrid wall and sharper construction shown in FIG. 30, in the final stage of construction, FIG. 32 shows a double-shell concrete wall in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention; 33 shows a cross-section along plane 33 - 33 of FIG. 32, FIG. 34, similar to FIG. 33 shows further modification in cross section.

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The invention will now be described by way of example examples, which should be understood only as an illustration and not as a limitation of the scope of the invention, which is otherwise determined by the appended claims. Double shell construction techniques are widely used for the construction of freestanding walls, exterior and interior house walls, floors and roofing. The freestanding wall is relatively straightforward, but incorporates many features of the invention that are generally applicable to house walls, floors and roofs. Therefore, a freestanding wall will be considered as the first. The common elements in the drawings will be identified by the same reference marks.

In FIG. 1 to 3 show a wall 1 which is made in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Wall 1 is supported by a concrete foundation 3 consisting of commercial grade precast concrete 5 previously grounded. The foundation 3 is provided with a longitudinal groove 7 comprising lateral walls 7A and 7B and a bottom 7C whose depth is variable but generally about two feet, extending below the surface of the earth 5. In the concrete foundation 3, they are spaced vertically apart from each other. , e.g. for about 4 feet, numerous 4-inch sections of metallic Hprofiles 6, hereafter referred to as H profiles. As can be seen in FIG. 3, each H-profile comprises end regions or lanes 6A and 6B connected to a central region or a web 6C, thereby providing one another with opposite grooves or joints. channels 6D, which are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the groove 7. When the concrete foundation 3 is ready, with (not shown) concrete nails between each pair of H-sections 5 spaced apart, a carrier 9 of a conventional 4-inch metal C-profile, hereinafter referred to as the C-profile comprising the side walls 9A, is installed and 9B, connected to the bottom 9C, thereby forming a groove or. channel 9D so that its bottom 9C is secured to the bottom 7C of the groove 7 and that the sidewalls 9A and 9B extend upwards. Channels 6D of each pair of adjacent H-profiles and channel 9D of said C-profile between each pair of adjacent H-profiles are interconnected to form a continuous plate groove 10, which is made in the vertical plane in the longitudinal direction of the foundation 3 in U. each continuous groove 10 is inserted 4 inches thick and four feet wide foamed plate 11, which is inserted into the corresponding channels 6D along two adjacent H-profiles and into the channel 9D between the C-profile. Foam panels 11 may be made of conventional expanded polystyrene foam and are commercially available.

The upper edges of the plates 11 are cut so that they are aligned with the upper edges of the Hprofiles, and are surrounded by further C-profiles 15, whose lateral walls 15A, 15B extend downwards, thus forming a channel into which the upper edges of the plates are inserted

11. The H-profiles 6 together with the C-profiles 9 and 15 form a frame for holding foamed panels 11 and thus together with the foamed panels 11 form a core or inner shell having the desired shape of the concrete wall that we want to form.

If necessary, a reinforcement or a reinforcement can be attached to the vertical surfaces of the panels 11. reinforcing wire mesh 17 to provide additional strength, which is otherwise known in the art. Then, by spraying or plastering, the concrete is applied to the lateral and upper surface of the wall core, thus obtaining a concrete lateral shell or. linings 19A, 19B, covered with a top shell 19C.

Preferably, cement-based concrete, preferably reinforced concrete, coarse-grained sand aggregate, and polymeric additives with fibrous based particles, e.g., are used in the manufacture of shells 19A, 19B and 19C. steels, plastics, glass or other materials designed to improve the flexural strength of concrete, impact resistance, toughness, abrasion resistance and cracking resistance. The polymer acts as an adhesive and increases the adhesiveness of the concrete in contact with the foamed boards and helps to minimize non-load bearing areas.

The polymers may comprise thermoplastic and elastomy latexes and / or epoxies. latex improves ductility, durability, adhesion, chloride penetration resistance, shear strength and tensile strength as well as the flexural strength of concrete. Latex modified concrete can also be used. Latex modified concrete has excellent freeze-thrust abrasion resistance. Some latex-modified concrete materials may also be resistant to certain acids, alkyl and organic solvents. Commercially available concrete additives with suitable properties for use in the present invention are available from Monotech International, Inc. under the mark MONOCRETE. Cement-based concrete with these additives is usable from about 3/8 inch to about 1 inch thick. The derived concrete liners 19A, 19B on the opposite sides of the foam plates 11 form supporting shells. The H-profiles 6 and C-profiles 9 and 15, among other things, serve to transfer loads between concrete shells 19A, 19B. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, from a mechanical point of view, wall 1 represents an analogy with Iprofil, with shells 19A, 19B representing the bands of the I-profile, while the Hprofiles and C-profiles represent the web of such an I-profile.

FIG. 2A, similar to FIG. 2 shows a modified cross-sectional embodiment, wherein the Cprofiles 9 are eliminated and the foamed panels 11 have their lower regions 12 wedged in a gap 8 extending in the longitudinal direction of the foundation. For this purpose, the gap 8 is provided with opposite lateral sides 8A and 8B, which approach each other in the direction towards the bottom 8C of the gap. In this embodiment, as in FIG. 1, the adjacent edges of the plates 11 can be joined to each other by means of H-profiles 6.

Fig. 3A, similar to Figs. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a further variation in which the bands 17 'of the wire mesh are attached to the straps of the H-profiles 6 by means of nail fasteners. Such wire mesh bands are usable with the wire mesh screens 17 shown in FIG. 1, or even without them.

FIG. 4 and 5 show a further embodiment of the wall according to the invention, wherein the H-profiles of the embodiments of FIG. 1-3 are replaced by an assembly comprising a metal tubular support or. pillar 21, concrete 22, which fills about 1/4 of the aeolian gap 23 between the vertical edges of the panels 11 and the wire mesh belt or screen 24 that is mounted adjacent to the panels 11 forming the gap 23 and which is then embedded in the concrete shells 19A, 19B made on the side walls of panels 11. It is also possible to insert a wire mesh 26 into the gap 23 on both sides of the carrier 21. 4, the support 21 is embedded in the concrete foundations 3 'and is inserted into the grooves 27, which form them at an angle of the executed wedges in the respective vertical edges of the slabs 11. As regards the transfer of loads between the concrete shells 19A, 19B of the double shell wall structure according to the invention, the concrete in the gap 23 together with the support 21 and the wire mesh 26 offers similar mechanical properties to the H-profiles 6 shown in FIG. 1-3.

FIG. 6 and 7 show a further embodiment for transferring loads between concrete shells 19A, 19B according to the invention of a double wall. In this embodiment, a plurality of inserts 29 are used to transfer loads arranged in vertical series and spaced apart between the top and bottom of wall 1, comprising a core of foamed panel 11, flanked by lower or lower panels. upper C-profiles 9 and 15. Suitable load transfer strings can be spaced approximately four feet apart, and in terms of load transfer between formwork concrete shells, can be used in addition to the H-profiles and, in some cases, instead.

Each of the load transfer pads 29 comprises a pole or rod 31 extending through the foamed plate 11 and projecting from its surface on each side of the foamed plate 11, as well as a piece of wire mesh 33, e.g. in the form of a square inserted on each side of the bar 31 between the metal washer 35 and the one-sided retaining washer 37. The wire mesh and washers are embedded in concrete when applied to the surface of the foamed plate. Load transfer pads 29 are intended for group load transfer between concrete shells 19A and 19B.

FIG. 8 and 9 show the further implementation of load transfer pads. Each load transfer insert 39 comprises a square or circular tube 41 fitted with extended and radially extending attachments 43 and protruding from the remaining end 11 from the plate 11, with an alignment insert 45 inserted on the other side of the plate 11. comprising a flat end 46 for holding a metal washer 47. The reinforced square parts or the wire mesh 33 may be attached (not shown) to the foamed panels 11 via the ends of the load inserts 39 shown or inserted between the foamed plate and the ends of the inserts 39 in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 and 11 show a modified embodiment of load-carrying inserts, where a piece of dashboard 22 connected by a holding tube 49 at one end penetrates the foamed plate 11 on one side, while a rod 50 on which it is attached at one of its ends with its it penetrates the remaining ends into the foamed plate 11 on the opposite side, being interconnected in the holding tube 49.

FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment for transferring loads between shell concrete coverings. According to FIG. 12, a zigzag-shaped wire 51 runs along a vertical wall and is inserted between adjacent vertical edges of adjacent foam plates 11.

Angled sections 53 of the zigzag wire 51 are formed by varying the direction of the wire projecting from the surface of the panels 11 and are embedded in the concrete applied to the panels 11 during the implementation of the concrete shells 19A, 19B.

FIG. 13-15 show a further embodiment for transferring loads between concrete shells. In this embodiment, the load transfer pins 55 are interconnected by means of plates 57 and form rods. Each of the load transfer inserts is located below 45 degrees relative to the foam plate plane, and their ends are connected to the corresponding plates 57 by means of nuts 58 screwed to the ends of the inserts. The plates 57 are preferably partially embedded in the recesses in the foam face of the foam plate.

FIG. 16-18 show a further embodiment for transferring loads between shell concrete coverings. It is a belt of wire mesh that is curved along a longitudinal line to form an angular web 59, one arm of which is located in the gap between adjacent panels 11, and the remaining arm is located near the surface of one of the adjacent panels 11. Similar angular grid with arms 61 'and 64' inserted into a gap 63 on the other side of the foamed boards. The remaining gap 63 is then filled with concrete, which is thus integrated with the corresponding concrete shells 19A, 19B.

FIG. 19 and 20 show a structural detail in the construction of a double-shell concrete wall window according to the invention. In FIG. 19 shows a wall 65 in the intermediate construction phase; this includes an opening 68 into which a window frame 66 is embedded. Foamed panels 11 Ai and 11A₂ are vertically spaced apart from one another to form an opening 68. Between the vertical edges of the panels llAi and 11A₂ and, on the other hand, the corresponding H-profiles 67A, 67B, 67C and 67D are mounted between the vertical edges of adjacent panels 11B and 11C, similar to that shown in FIG. 1-3. C-sections are arranged in the vertical slots between the H-profiles 67A and 67B and in similar vertical slots between the H-profiles 67C and 67D. In FIG. 20 is a guide portion of the right C-profile 69.

The window frame 66 comprises a frame opposite to the side, 71, 73, a lintel 75 and a backrest 77 adapted to hold one or more glass windows. The radially extending recess 79 surrounds the entire window frame and is provided with mounting openings into which fasteners such as screws 81 can be inserted, thereby securing the window frame to the arms of the corresponding C-profiles 69. The window frame is surrounded by a groove 83 with an insert 85 J-shaped During the implementation of the shell concrete cladding 19B, the concrete on the surface of the foamed plate 11 fills the groove 83 and creates a final appearance and reinforces the attachment of the window frame 66 around the circumference of the opening 68.

FIG. 21-23 show the construction details of a door in a double-walled concrete wall according to the invention. In FIG. 21, a portion of panel IVA is cut off to form an opening 91. Panel 11A is connected to panels ll'B and ll'C by means of H-profiles 93A, 93B. The H-profiles 93 A and 93B extend from the ground upwards and are used to form opposite door frames by inserting 2 times 4 wooden laths 95 into the channels facing H-profiles 93A and 93B facing each other by means of screws or nails, inserted through the openings provided in the H-section arms. A rectangular cross-section belt 96 smaller than the cross-section of the wooden laths 95 is attached to each lath 95 to form a neck support. At the top of the door opening 91, it is possible to attach a C-profile 101 to the bottom edge of the panel 11A to form a door opening cover. It is possible to attach a border or one groove shaped piece to the one or both of the H-profile belts so that the concrete applied to the surface of the board can fill the groove 103, thus giving a final appearance and further stabilizing the door frame.

In FIG. 24 and 25 show the structural details of the fastening of a double-walled concrete wall according to the invention to a concrete slab, thereby forming the exterior wall of a building such as a house. As shown in FIG. 24, we produce a concrete slab with a continuous edge around its perimeter. In the concrete slab, a wire mesh 119 is inserted which extends from the slab in the area of ​​its outer edge 117 and protrudes from it to a sufficient length that it can be installed in a subsequently exterior concrete cladding or. shell. The C-profile 120 is fixed to the concrete slab 115 with the nails 121 for the concrete, whose arms 123 extend upwards. Foam plates 125 are inserted into the C-profiles 120, which are interconnected in the region of their vertical edges by means of the H-profiles 126, as previously described (see Fig. 25). External or internal concrete shells 127A, 127B are made on each side of the foamed concrete slabs. The exterior concrete shell 127 has a projecting projection of wire mesh 119 in it, and in a reliable manner connects the wall thus obtained with the concrete slab 115. FIG. 25 shows an intermediate construction phase where the foamed panels 125, 125 'are supported on a concrete slab 115' by means of C-profiles 123, 123 'and fold and form a corner. The ends of the foamed panels are defined by vertical C-profiles 128, 128 '. The wire mesh 119 is embedded in the base and comprises a projecting edge from the edge 117, which is fixed on the foamed plate and subsequently embedded in concrete, which is subsequently applied to the surface of the foamed plates.

In FIG. 26 and 27 illustrate examples of wall and roof details using the double-shell concrete construction technique according to the invention. In FIG. 26 is a partial view showing an intermediate construction phase, wherein the core walls and roofs are made of foamed panels 211 interconnected by means of H-profiles 206. The exposed upper and end edges are covered by C-profiles 215. In FIG. 27 is a vertical cross-section showing a roof with a roof. Shown a sharp foam board 21 IR is fixed to the wall foam board 211W by nails 231, one of which is shown in FIG. 27. The wedge slit formed by obliquely extending sharpening boards 21 IR, where they touch and overlap wall panels 21 IR, can be closed with foam 233. The exposed ends of the sharpening board 21 IR can be reinforced with wire mesh 234. Concrete is applied to the surfaces of the 21 IR sharp boards and to the surfaces of the 211W wall panels, thereby double-walled and sharpened panels of the invention are applied.

The dual formwork concrete building panels of the invention can be further combined with conventional materials such as wood or plywood to perform various hybrid structures. E.g. FIG. 28 and 29 show a hybrid structure where, in a multi-storey building, the wooden shutters 251 and the wooden support 153 are supported by 255 slabs arranged between the exterior double shell concrete walls 258A, 258B. In addition, traditional plasters or plasters are attached to the underside of the brackets 253. lining, creating the finished ceiling of the first floor of the building. As can be seen in FIG. 29, it is possible to use reinforcement wire mesh 260 to bridge foamed boards and wood prior to the application of concrete in the execution of the exterior concrete lining 261, thereby minimizing cracking in the event of temperature changes due to different material expansion coefficients.

FIG. 30-31 show a hybrid roofing assembly where a roof of double glazed concrete slabs is constructed with a roof of conventional piles, boards, roofing and roofing. In FIG. 30 shows an intermediate construction phase, wherein the foamed panels 311 are interconnected by means of H-profiles 306 and terminated at their upper edge by a C-profile 315. A wooden crown 317 is attached to the C-profile 315 by means of suitable screw fasteners. in the traditional way, shackles 319 are attached to the wreath. The boards 321, the roofing board 323 and the wooden or bituminous roof are then installed in the usual way. The entire shingle assembly is supported by the previously described double shell concrete walls 300.

FIG. 32 and 33 show a second embodiment of a freestanding wall using the dual shell construction techniques of the invention. This embodiment stands out after the reduction of the total construction costs due to the reduction of the amount of concrete required for the construction of the foundation as well as after the use of as few frames or as possible. frames for supporting foamed panels in the structure structure prior to application of concrete layers forming concrete shells.

In FIG. 32 shows a double shell concrete wall 100, which is made by mounting galvanized and vertically oriented metal supports or. columns 102 into individual concrete foundations 104. The upper surfaces of concrete foundations 104 are preferably located about 8 inches below the local ground level. The distance between the centers of the metal supports 102 may be, e.g. four feet. As more clearly illustrated in FIG. 33, metal supports 102 are positioned between the outer foam plates 108A and 108B. The upper ends of the metal supports 102 are connected to a thin-walled metal C-profile 110 extending horizontally in the longitudinal direction of the wall, thereby ensuring the stability of the metal columns during placement in concrete foundations. Panels 108A and 108B, if necessary, extend upstream of the C-profile 110. As shown in the cross-section of FIG. 33, the outer plates 108A and 108B are spaced apart by the width of the windscreen beams 102, so that there is a gap 112. The gap 112 is visible above the metal beams in FIG. 33, where it is filled with foamed plate 108C. A gap 112 also exists between adjacent vertical beams 102 below the C-profile level 110, not visible in the drawings. The gap formed by the outer panels 1908A and 108B between adjacent metal supports 102 is also filled with the inner foam plates, which are not visible in the drawings. The foam inner and outer foam panels are interconnected by means of fasteners 114 for connecting foamed materials. In addition, the outer panels are secured to the metal supports by means of self-tapping screws 116. If necessary, a foamed upper end portion 118 may be used to complete the upper end of the wall. To this end, the upper end portion 118 is provided with a T-shaped projection 120, inserted into a gap 112 at the upper end of the wall. The outer surface of the core assembly is then coated with about half an inch thick layer of previously described concrete mix, which after application forms a double shell concrete structure, where concrete shells 122A and 122B are located on both opposite sides of the core.

In FIG. 34 shows a further modification of the wall shown in FIG. 32 and 33, with reinforcement wire mesh 124 being installed on both sides of the wall in the concrete foundation 104, which, due to the installation in the concrete lining or the flooring, is a part of the wall. shells 122A and 122B protrude upwards. The built-in wire mesh 124 increases the strength of the wall and allows the dimensions of the vertical metal supports to be reduced.

The invention has been described in greater detail on the basis of preferred embodiments, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and modifications are possible without going beyond the scope of the invention in its most versatile versions, and the purpose of the appended claims of the defined invention is to capture all these changes and modifications, which should therefore be captured in the actual spirit of the invention.

For: