Process to obtain (implement and maintain) water bodies larger than 15,000 m3 for recreational use with color, transparency and cleanness characteristics similar to swimming pools or tropical seas at low cost
Abstract
This record has no abstract on file.
Term
1.1 yearsto projected expiry
Projected expiry 16 November 2027, counted from filing; an application has no term until it is granted.
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18 claims: 2 independent, 16 dependent
- 1REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Um processo para implementar e manter lagos artificiais e lagoas artificiais para uso recreativo de massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 com propriedades de cor, transparência e limpeza semelhantes a piscinas ou mares tropicais, a baixo custo, compreendendo o referido processo:a. - fornecer uma estrutura como escumadores slot de superfície [42] capazes de conter uma massa de água [41] superior a 15 000 m 3 ;b. - alimentar a estrutura do passo (a) com entrada de água com niveis de ferro e manganês inferiores a 1,5 ppm e turbidez inferior a 5 NTU;c. — medir o Ph da água;d. - adicionar um agente oxidante à água contida na estrutura do passo (a) , através do qual um ORP minimo de 600 mV é controlado na água por um periodo minimo de 4 horas e em ciclos máximos de 48 horas, em que o agente oxidante é selecionado de entre ozono, persulfato de sódio ou potássio, derivados de cloro, peróxido de hidrogénio, derivados de bromo ou cloro produzidos por eletrocloração;e. - adicionar um agente floculante em concentrações entre 0,02 e 1 ppm com frequências máximas de 6 dias e limpar o fundo da estrutura do passo (a) com um dispositivo de sucção para remover as impurezas precipitadas a partir do fundo da referida estrutura, juntamente com os floculantes adicionais, e;f. - gerar um deslocamento da água de superfície contendo impurezas e óleos de superfície através da injeção de água de entrada de acordo com o passo (b) , o qual origina o referido deslocamento para remover a referida água de superfície através de um sistema de remoção de impurezas e óleos de superfície organizados na estrutura do passo (a), o qual juntamente com o passo (e) substitui a filtração tradicional.
- 2Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por a referida água de alimentação do passo (b) ser água do mar, água do poço ou água da nascente.
- 3Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por, no caso em que o pH for maior que 7,8 é adicionado um sal de bromo e são mantidas concentrações de bromo superiores a 0,6 ppm.
- 4Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 3, caracterizado por o referido sal de bromo ser brometo de sódio.
- 5Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por o referido agente oxidativo ser adicionado para obter uma ORP mínima de 600 mV durante um período mínimo de 4 horas, em ciclos de 24 horas.
- 6Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por adicionalmente no passo (d) serem adicionados algicidas, incluindo amónios quaternários (poliquatérnios) e/ou níveis de cobre entre 1 ppb e 1,5 ppm.
- 7Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizado por os algicidas serem adicionados no intervalo entre 0,3 e 1,5 ppm de cobre para intervalos de temperaturas entre 10 °C e 30 °C respetivamente.
- 8Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por, no passo (e), o agente floculante ser um polímero catiónico adicionado em concentrações entre 0,02 e 1 ppm, em períodos máximos de 6 dias.
- 9Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por o referido agente floculante ser adicionado numa concentração de 0,05 ppm, a cada 24 horas.
- 10Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações anteriores, caracterizado por ser mantida uma taxa mínima de renovação total de água de 150 dias.
- 11Um processo para implementar e manter massas de água [41] superiores a 15 000 m 3 para uso recreativo, de acordo com a reivindicação 10, caracterizado por a referida taxa de renovação de água ser de 60 dias.
- 12Um processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 11, caracterizado por o referido dispositivo de sucção do passo (e) operar succionando sujidade através de um sistema de bombas da referida estrutura, o referido dispositivo compreendendo uma moldura estruturante [10], uma carcaça protetora [6] com meios unificantes para ser acoplada ao sistema de bombeamento, meios de rolamento para um deslocamento contínuo ao longo da superfície a ser limpa e meios de limpeza consistindo numa linha de sucção e uma linha de escova [16] para remover o material a ser limpo.
- 13Um processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizado por a carcaça protetora [6] compreender um corpo de resina laminar que protege a moldura estruturante [10], os meios de rolamento e os meios de limpeza;na sua secção superior, tem placas de suporte [1] para acoplar com tensores de tração, pegas [5] para puxar, manusear e elevar o dispositivo e séries de rebordos a partir dos quais são projetadas uma manta e uma membrana lateral [7] formando uma projeção do corpo de carcaça no sentido descendente.
- 14Um processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 13, caracterizado por um tubo de sucção [8] ser acoplado aos referidos rebordos protetores da carcaça, o qual é conectado, através da sua parte superior, com o sistema de bombeamento e, através da sua secção basal, aos meios de limpeza do dispositivo.
- 15Um processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizado por a moldura estruturante [10] compreender uma moldura de metal a qual tem, na sua secção basal, séries alinhadas de placas de suporte [19a] para suportar os eixos [19b] dos meios de rolamento, um disco de metal perfurado ou ranhurado [21] para suportar, por meios de parafusos, uma linha continua de escovas [16] com uma base de plástico e cerdas de polietileno sintéticas [20], enquanto as placas de suporte [1] para os tensores de tração que emergem através da secção de topo da carcaça protetora [6] se encontram fixados à sua parte superior.
- 16Um processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizado por os meios de rolamento compreenderem rolos de poliuretano de alta densidade [11] e rodas de plástico autolubrifiçadas [12].
- 17Um processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizado por os meios de limpeza compreenderem uma linha de sucção [8] formada por tubos PVC verticais, correspondendo a tubos de sucção que emergem no sentido ascendente a partir da carcaça protetora [6], em cuja parte basal são fixados tubos de PVC com formato em T [9], os quais são ligados, por sua vez, a tubos horizontais que têm aberturas de sucção [14] na sua parte basal através da qual o material removido entra para ser succionado e levado para fora da massa de água [41].
- 18Um processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 17, caracterizado por os tubos horizontais que possuem as aberturas de sucção conterem capas de encerramento [17] nas suas extremidades.
Independent claims18
274 paragraphs in 8 sections, as filed
DESCRIPTION
PROCESSING (IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE) OF WASTE MATERIALS OVER 15 000 M<sup>3</sup> FOR RECREATIONAL USE WITH COLOR, TRANSPARENCY AND CLEANING CHARACTERISTICS LIKE SWIMMING POOLS OR TROPICAL SEAS
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention describes a process for obtaining (ie, implementing and maintaining) large masses or volumes of recreational water exceeding 15,000 m<sup>3</sup>such as lakes or reservoirs with excellent color, high transparency and cleanliness properties similar to low cost swimming pools or tropical seas. An apparatus is provided for extracting a decanted particulate material from the water. Furthermore, a structure containing large masses or volumes of water is described which is specially designed to carry out such a process. The decanting process together with the apparatus for extracting a decanted material from the water, as well as the arrangement of the large volume structure with its functional water surface displacement characteristics, allows the replacement of traditional filtration as used in conventional pools. which would be very costly and inefficient in systems containing large masses or volumes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
When a nutrient is placed in water, aerobic organisms consume dissolved oxygen as a result of induced metabolic activity. Thus, the nutrient exerts a demand on the availability of dissolved oxygen, which is called biological oxygen demand (BOD). If the amount of organic material in the medium is too high, this may lead to a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration. At low oxygen levels, the aquatic environment promotes the growth of anaerobic species.
Anaerobic metabolism is much slower than aerobic processes (typically more than one order of magnitude), and generates various organic acidic organic compounds, alcohols, methane).
As a result of the low consumption rate of dissolved organic matter, this will accumulate in the aquatic environment.
less effective, intermediates (eg
If dissolved oxygen is consumed faster than it can be replenished, water begins to deoxygenate. No strict aerobic organism, from microorganism to fish, will survive in such water. Thus, organic contaminants will accumulate and subsequently establish anaerobic conditions which generate fetid substances (eg volatile sulfites and amines) and partially oxidized organic compounds.
In addition to stench, anaerobic conditions may raise public health considerations because many anaerobic bacteria are pathogenic (eg, tetanus and botulism). When water contains dissolved sulfates, reducing anaerobic bacteria produce H<sub>2</sub>S (corrosive and toxic).
Increasing the amount of nutrients needed for life in a body of water is called eutrophication. Eutrophication is defined as the process of nutrient enrichment in a body of water. It is a natural phenomenon in the aging process of reservoirs and lakes (eutrophic lakes). In contrast, a young body of water, poor in nutrients needed for life, is called oligotrophic. 0 increased nutrient in the reservoir promotes a high production of aquatic plants and animals. Said increase in organic matter in turn generates an increase in the organic content of sediments. Eutrophication can lead to serious problems in surface water bodies.
Photosynthesis implies the creation of organic matter from inorganic materials and consequently the production of large quantities of organic substances in which previously there were small quantities. When algae / plants die, their components are transformed into organic nutrients that exert oxygen demand.
During photosynthetic action, C0 is rapidly consumed<sub>2</sub>, thus producing an increase in pH, which may reach a value greater than 10. Overnight, the reverse reaction occurs, consuming oxygen and generating CO2, with which the pH tends to decrease. Photosynthetic activity has a significant effect on water body pH level as it affects the reversible reaction.
Hco<sup>3</sup>'+ H + ------ CO2 + H<sub>2</sub>O
Finally, the algal masses deposited on the shore die and rot, thus producing anaerobic conditions which pose a health hazard (eg formation of Clostridium botulinum, a strict anaerobic pathogenic microorganism). On the other hand, aquatic plant branches retain decomposing organic solids, which exert a concentrated oxygen demand.
Generally, nitrogen N and phosphorus P are the limiting factors. In growing microorganisms, P is consumed as phosphate, while most bacteria assimilate N as NH3, and only a few of these assimilate N as NO.<sub>3</sub><sup>_</sup>. Conversely, algae assimilate N as N0<sub>3</sub>~ and very few use NH<sub>3</sub>. Are there any bacteria capable of using N0<sub>3</sub>“As a source of oxygen instead of a source of N. According to the approximate algal photosynthesis stoichiometry, the N: P ratio is on the order of 7: 1. According to the Liebig Minimum Law, an N: P ratio much higher than 7 in a body of water indicates that P is the limiting nutrient; On the other hand, an N: P ratio value much lower than 7 implies a limitation of N. Some authors suggest that P and N concentrations higher than 0.015 and 0.3 mg / L, respectively, are sufficient to generate excessive algae growth in lake waters.
The main sources of organic N are proteins, amino acids and urea; on the other hand, inorganic N exists in the form of NH<sub>3</sub>, AT THE<sub>3</sub>“, NO2-. Ammonia is a characteristic decomposition product of organic matter, and can be microbiologically oxidized to nitrites and nitrates through the action of nitrifying bacteria. These processes occur naturally in water and make a major contribution to biological oxygen demand.
When artificial water bodies are formed, such as lakes or reservoirs, water quality deteriorates progressively. Depending on the contribution of nutrients, any state can be reached from equilibrium in which algae, aquatic plants, bacteria, insects and fish survive under stable conditions to eutrophication processes in which excessive nutrient input produces a high proliferation of algae and aquatic plants. When they die, they are broken down by bacteria into oxygen-consuming aerobic processes. When oxygen decreases, many remnants remain deposited in the bottom, thus increasing sediment and suffering processes that increase turbidity, bad odors are produced and the physicochemical and sanitary quality of water is reduced, which reduces the possibilities for recreational use.
To mitigate these effects, different techniques are used, such as aeration systems to increase oxygen levels, algicides and herbicides to control the excessive proliferation of algae and aquatic plants, the use of biological filters to decrease nutrient contribution, fish and zooplankton to reduce algae, nutrient capture through chemicals, inoculation of bacteria to digest organic matter, dyes to enhance aesthetic appearance, mechanical removal of algae and aquatic plants, the use of dredgers to decrease the amount of sediment, clarifying agents to decrease turbidity, etc.
The characteristics and water quality of these reservoirs are very different from those of swimming pools. In the first case, an ecological balance between different species must be achieved, while in the second case the objective is the removal of organisms and impurities. In this way, very different turbidity, color and characteristics are accepted.
To keep pool water transparent and suitable for bathing, filtration systems are used, especially sand, diatomaceous earth and cartridge filtration systems. All water should be filtered every 4 to 12 hours, depending on the type of pool.
In addition, organic matter oxidizers, disinfectants, algaecides and possibly pH regulators and clarifiers should be used to maintain aesthetic and sanitary conditions. Depending on country regulations, swimming pools need to maintain minimum residual disinfectant concentrations or permanent redox potential levels (ORP) between 650 mV and 750 mV.
Applying pool technology to large bodies of water for optimum water quality is not possible due to the high cost of the facilities and the operating costs involved.
To illustrate this situation, it may be recalled that if the volume of water to be filtered is one of those described below in the example of the 250 000 m patent application<sup>3</sup>, according to the Chilean Pools minimum regulations (T = 2 in NCh 209, example parents for the patent application), it is necessary to filter 2 983 liters per second, which corresponds to the volume of water treated by a plant. of drinking water for a city. An Olympic size pool is 2,500 m<sup>3</sup> (50x25x2 m), which corresponds to 1% of the volume considered in the application example of this patent application.
The same is true when pool chemicals are applied to these volumes. The water volume of the application example of this invention corresponds to 4 000 pools of 10 meters in length.
Disinfectant control in swimming pools and spas (ORP) has been used for many years with good results. ORP measures the oxidizing power of the disinfectant or, in other words, its true concentration-independent chemical activity. Direct measurement of disinfectant concentration may lead to error as activity may be decreased depending on pH and presence of contaminants even at high concentrations. In fact, studies have shown that bacterial life in water is more dependent on ORP than oxidative concentration. To remove unwanted microorganisms in swimming pools, an ORP value of between 650 mV and 750 mV is normally permanently maintained (public pool regulations in developed countries require more than 700 mV permanently) at a normal pH of 7, 2 and 7.6. This is not possible for large bodies of water due to the high costs involved.
The above facts make it largely impossible to maintain large bodies of water (over 15,000 m<sup>3</sup>) using filtration and disinfection technologies similar to those for swimming pools for recreational use.
Thus, there are no large reservoirs or artificial dams with the aesthetic and sanitary characteristics of swimming pools or tropical seas that have transparency levels greater than 25 and up to 40 meters.
The technical problem solved by the present invention is the realization of these characteristics in large water bodies at low cost.
TECHNICAL STATE
Patents have been found worldwide that protect treatment processes for large volumes of water such as reservoirs and dams. Next, an analysis of the most relevant documents and their relationship to the technology to be protected is performed.
JP4115008 and JP7310311 protect artificial sea-bound reservoirs for the purification of seawater. The system allows water to enter the reservoir, where it follows a specially designed path to remove contaminants or is led to a purification facility for subsequent return to the sea. Clearly, the Japanese invention has no relation to the type of reservoir that is to be protected in this application.
FR2740493 protects an artificial pool or pond constructed with a flexible button comprising a textile net and concrete. The invention includes a drainage system and nozzles around the edge which allows a liquid to diffuse into the drainage system. The present invention has no relation to the artificial reservoir or the process to be protected.
JP59222294 protects a purification process for river and lake water to remove N, P, BOD (biological oxygen demand), etc. This involves pumping water through a bed filled with a certain mineral. The Japanese invention allows reservoir water cleaning, but is based on pumping water through a packed bed, which is equivalent to filtering the liquid. Thus, the Japanese invention has no relation to the technology to be protected.
CN1256250 protects a water purification process that includes microflocculation with a high molecular weight inorganic flocculant and direct deep filtration. The process analyzed corresponds to assisted flocculation with faster and more efficient results, but in no case does it affect the innovation of the inventive level of the process of the present invention.
US 5,143,623 describes a method for capturing descendant particles in a body of water. The method requires the use of a set of funnel-shaped chambers which receive the descending particles, and thereafter a duct system allows the collection of the descending particles. The present invention requires the use of a suction apparatus circulating at the bottom of the water containing structure. The use of an apparatus such as that described in US 5,143,663 in the present invention would not be appropriate since the recreational end of the body of water would not be maintained. Moreover, US 5,143,663 requires a few hours to allow the reception of the falling particles, which is not comparable to the high speed at which the suction apparatus of the present invention is operated.
US 3,470,091 describes a system and method for reducing pollution of streams, rivers or canals by applying aeration and flocculants to water. The aeration system comprises oxygen or air gassing in water, and provision of different zones for flocculant application. The present invention utilizes oxidizing agents such as ozone, sodium or potassium persulfate, chlorine derivatives, hydrogen peroxide, bromine derivatives or chlorine produced by electrochlorination which are applied to an artificial pond. None of the chemicals used in the present invention is considered or suggested by this publication.
EP 1420130 is directed to the construction of the pool edge and the common pool liner arrangement, is not related to the construction of the complete structure, and there is no mention of the pool walls and bottom, but only the edge profile. Furthermore, the publication mentions that The present invention relates generally to a pool tile facing profile, and more particularly to a pool tile facing profile which is intended to constitute a peripheral edge of a swimming pool. 2, paragraph 1). Moreover, there is no suggestion of a process similar to that of the present invention. Furthermore, there are no suggestions that a pool should comprise a water inlet line and water inlet chambers through which water is extracted to feed the structure as defined in the present invention.
FR 2544005 is especially related to A method for the construction of a swimming pool characterized by the use of a dispensable form filled with concrete in situ. This document is directed to the construction of a method of a pool, but gives no indication or suggestion for constructing a structure suitable for the process described in the present invention. In addition, the resulting pool constructed according to the method described in this publication does not necessarily suit the need to achieve the process described in the present invention. Moreover, there is no suggestion that the pool should comprise a water inlet line through and water inlet chambers through which water is extracted to feed the structure as defined in the present invention.
DE 2141460 discloses A method for pool coating from concrete, cement, masonry with tensioned soft PVC sheets. This document is directed to a pool coating method, but gives no indication or suggestion for constructing a structure suitable for the process described in the present invention. Moreover, the resulting pool constructed according to the method of DE 21 41 460 does not necessarily suit the need to achieve the process of the present invention. Furthermore, there is no suggestion that the pool may comprise a water inlet line and water inlet chambers through which water is extracted to feed the structure as defined in the present invention.
All patent documents EP 1420130, FR 2544005 and DE 2141460 describe various concrete, masonry or cement based pool construction alternatives. The present invention utilizes materials that are not usual in the construction of swimming pools, such as bentonite or clay.
EP 0468876 defines a hydraulic pool cleaner and the like, in which a suction pump is provided for suction of the pool water through a tube comprising an open compartment at its bottom, which compartment is divided into two sections. with a partition that defines the intake of a turbine in which its rotor drives a shaft connected through a reduction and locomotion mechanism to support wheels. This apparatus cannot be used in the process of the present invention as further modification would be required. The apparatus must be modified to remove the turbine that drives the support wheels so that it can move at the bottom of the frame at the speed necessary to cover the frame of the present invention. As will be described in the specification of the present invention, cleaning is such that each section of the lake is cleaned at intervals of less than 7 days, preferably every 4 days. With this step, along with the use of skimmers, traditional filtration processes used in swimming pools are replaced. Since the apparatus described in the publication requires further modification in order to achieve the process of claim 1 of the present invention, it should not be considered as prior art for the suction apparatus described in the present invention.
US 2,923,954 defines an underwater suction aspirator that includes a mass adapted to be submerged under the liquid in a tank for cleaning the bottom surface of the tank, which comprises, among other things, a continuous suction pump in said mass. This apparatus cannot be used in the present invention, since a major modification would be required to allow it to move at the bottom of the structure at the speed necessary to encompass the structure of the present invention.
EP 0352487 defines a self-propelled automatic vacuum cleaner comprising a turbine hydraulic motor for moving two locomotion members with oppositely located wheels in one direction and at least one of them can be displaced by the engine and associated with one of said locomotion members. so as to lift it temporarily while the other walking member is secure in connection. This apparatus cannot function with the present invention as a major modification would be required to remove the turbine hydraulic motor that moves this apparatus so that it moves at the bottom of the structure at the speed necessary to encompass the structure of the present. invention. Furthermore, the apparatus described in EP 0352954 does not have suitable cleaning brushes in which high speed operation would lift the sedimented particles.
US 4,304,022 defines a device for cleaning a submerged surface and particularly the bottom of a swimming pool which comprises, among other things, the combination of a chassis, means for moving the chassis along the surface to be cleaned, a cleaning brush. rotatable supported by said chassis at its end for contact with the surface to be cleaned; a filter and a suction pump supported by said chassis to trigger flow of water and contaminants through said filter. This device includes a filter and a suction pump in the device itself, making it unsuitable for locomotion at the bottom of the frame at the speed required to encompass the frame of the present invention.
FR 2,685,374 defines a pool cleaning robot for use in all types of swimming pools, but mainly for medium or small sized pool cleaning, characterized by the combination of a suction robot equipped with a motor-driven pump. low-voltage electric power, said pump sucking water through a pipe by advancing the apparatus and distributing a portion to a displacement turbine acting on a known propulsion system, and another part in a venturi tube, or a suction turbine, creating a water flow that ensures the suction of fragments. On the one hand, the apparatus is intended for use in a medium or small sized pool (summary; page 1, paragraph 2 and claim 1). Thus, this apparatus is not suitable when a large body of water is considered, such as the case of the present invention where the smallest body of water considered is greater than 15 000 m.<sup>3</sup>. On the other hand, said apparatus includes a displacement turbine and a propulsion system which must be removed to allow it to move at the bottom of the structure at the speed necessary to encompass the structure of the present invention.
EP 0483470 defines an apparatus for cleaning submerged substrates comprising, among other things, a housing; locomotion means for moving said compartment; an engine coupled to said compartment for reversible motion of said locomotion means; a pump coupled to said motor. The presence of a motor and a pump coupled to the motor makes this apparatus unsuitable for covering the size of a structure as described in the present invention. Such an apparatus would not be able to travel at the bottom of the structure at the speed required to encompass the structure of the present invention.
US 5,337,434 describes, among other things, a directional control means for an automatic pool cleaner having a compartment, with rear and front ends and two sides, a pair of motor-driven cylindrical brushes rotatably coupled to the rear and front ends respectively for propelling the cleaner along the bottom surface of a pool. This apparatus is unsuitable for use in the present invention since the presence of an engine would not allow its use for locomotion at the bottom of the frame at the required speed of the present invention.
From the analysis of the previous documents, it can be concluded that there are no artificial processes or reservoirs similar to those to be protected, which allow to obtain water masses greater than 15 qqOOO m<sup>3</sup> for recreational use, with color, transparency and cleanliness characteristics similar to low cost swimming pools or tropical seas, since in the process of the present invention the traditional filtration step was replaced by a suspended solids flocculation step and subsequent cleaning with a suction apparatus for that purpose, together with the generation of a surface water displacement containing impurities and surface oils by injection of water inlet and evacuation of said water through skimmers (slots and surface discharges) comprised in the structure, and disinfection was achieved through of the application of controlled oxidation pulses.
The present invention relates to a process for obtaining large masses or volumes of water (wherein the term obtaining is to be understood as implementation and maintenance), wherein a structure is provided (having elements necessary for water treatment and characteristics that produce the same). desired results) to contain the water, and particle separation and flocculation (maintenance) processes are performed which make the water turbid and impure, such that flocculated material is aspirated by a suction apparatus as soon as flocculation has occurred, and fatty material is removed through skimmers (slots and surface discharges) from the structure of the present invention, said structure having conduits that feed fresh water. to fulfill the desired goal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Brief Description of the Figures.
Figure 1 shows a side view of the suction device.
<td>Figure 2</td><td>features</td><td>an</td><td>View</td><td>top</td><td>gives</td><td>structure</td><td>of</td>
<td>device</td><td>suction</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Figure 3a</td><td>features</td><td>an</td><td>View</td><td>front</td><td>gives</td><td>structure</td><td>of</td>
<td>device</td><td>suction</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Figure 3b</td><td>features</td><td>an</td><td>View</td><td>front</td><td>gives</td><td>structure</td><td>of</td>
<td>device</td><td>suction</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
Figure 4a shows a right side view of the suction device.
Figure 4b shows a left side view of the suction device.
Figure 4c shows a rear view of the suction device.
Figure 5a shows a top view of the structure of the suction device.
Figure 5b shows a top view of the suction device.
Figure 6 shows a schematic view of the cleaning system with the suction device.
Figure 7 shows a detailed schematic view of the suction system of the suction device.
Figure 8 shows a schematic view of the suction device.
Figure 9 shows a schematic view of the structure of the suction device;
Figure 10 shows a top view of the water body structure of the present invention.
Detailed description of the figures.
Figure 1 presents the following components: direction of movement (2) of suction device, PVC pipe for suction connection (8), bottom opening (14) in PVC pipe (27) for bottom suction, sanitary T pipe (9), metal frame (10), self-lubricating plastic wheels (12), support plate (19a) for wheel and roller axles (19b), synthetic bristled plastic brushes made of polyethylene or the like (20), perforated steel plate or slots (21) for fixing the brushes (20) in a continuous line.
Figure 2 shows the direction of movement (2); the frame (10) to which the support plates (19a) are fixed to support the wheel and roller axles (19b) for high density polyurethane rollers (11) which are interspersed with wheels (12) which are aligned and also supported by the support plates (19a); a brush line (16) attached to the perforated frame (21) provided with the frame; and the suction line (27) can be seen in the central area of the device, formed by a PVC tube with five rectangular lower openings in the wall (14), closed at both ends with a lid made of the same material (17).
Figures 3A and 3B show the structure of the device, in which a support plate (1) can be observed for the fractional tensors welded to the frame (10), a fiberglass reinforced resin cover over an iron mesh. galvanized (6), a side plastic membrane tab (7), rollers (11), wheels (12) and sanitary PVC tubing (8) with sanitary T-tubing (9) in its lower section, and a PVC suction pipe or line (27) attached to the open ends of said T-pipes, said suction pipe or line (27) having openings in which the opening area will be proportional to the installed suction capacity.
Figure 4a shows a right side view of the movement direction device (2), a support plate (1) for tensile tensioners, while from the center emerges a PVC suction tube (8) having a fiber rim resin base affixed to its base, said resin fiber rim being formed by fiberglass reinforcements (4) for tightening and drying the suction tubes, handles (5) for pulling, handling and raising the device, resin (6) and the side membrane flap (7). Figure 4b shows a left side view of the device indicating the direction of movement (2) and the device cover (6). Figure 4c shows a rear view of the device indicating the device cover (6).
Figure 5a shows a top view of the device structure indicating the direction of movement (2) and Figure 5b shows a top view of the device indicating the direction of movement (2).
Figure 6 shows the cleaning system with the suction device placed in the water body (41), in which there is a tube for draining the chamber (28), plastic floats (29) for the floating pipe (36), platform (30) for the helmsman and boat deck operator (31) for traction with a built-in four-stroke engine and protected propeller, a galvanized steel labeled tubular drive connection stern (32), a suction device (33), a connecting pipe (34) from the boat (31) to the device (33), a connecting piece (35) from the connecting pipe (34) to the suction pipe (36) and a suction pipe (36) connecting the mobile electric suction pump (37) on the lake shore to the boat (31).
Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of the suction device in which the partial configuration of the structural frame (10), the draw rod (32) connecting the device (33) (not shown in this figure) to the draw boat, is described; the set of symmetrical suction parts (38) connecting the suction tubing (27) of the cart with the tubing (34) connecting the device to the boat. Also shown in this figure are the projections of wheels (12) and rollers (11).
Figure 8 shows a side view of the traction boat (31), the suction device (33) placed at the bottom of the lake water body (41), the placement of the covered platform (30) for the boat operator, connecting rods (32) between the device (33) and the boat (31), the symmetrical suction elements (38), and the connecting pipe (34) with the coupling pipe in the boat (35).
Figure 9 shows a rear view of the system, indicating the connection tubing (34), the draw rod (32), the socket assembly (38) for symmetrical suction of all four device inlets in the direction from the connecting line (34), the line (36) with floats (29) connecting the boat connector (35) to the shore suction pump (37), and the line leading to the drain (28).
In Figure 10, the following structure elements can be observed: recycling duct (39) in which the injectors are arranged; the injectors (40) disposed along the entire perimeter of the water body; body of water (41) contained by the structure; skimmers (42) for the renewal of floating contaminants such as water with oils; water line and inlet chamber (43) in which water is extracted to feed the pond; restricted natural circulation zone (44); Fresh water feed point (45) to the pond.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention comprises a process for implementing and maintaining man-made lakes and man-made lakes for recreational use of water bodies [41] greater than 15 000 m<sup>3</sup> having similar color, transparency and cleanliness properties as swimming pools or tropical seas at low cost, comprising:
The. - provide a structure such as slot surface skimmers [42] capable of containing a body of water [41] greater than 15 000 m<sup>3</sup>;
B. - feed the structure of step (a) with water inlet with iron and manganese levels below 1.5 ppm and turbidity below 5 NTU;
ç. - measure the water pH; ideally it should be within a range of less than 7.8;
d. - adding an oxidizing agent to the water contained in the structure of step (a), whereby a minimum ORP of 600 mV is controlled in water for a minimum of 4 hours and at maximum cycles of 48 hours, in which the oxidizing agent is selected from ozone, sodium or potassium persulfate, chlorine derivatives, hydrogen peroxide, bromine or chlorine derivatives produced by electrochlorination;
e. adding a flocculating agent at concentrations between 0.02 and 1 ppm at maximum frequencies of 6 days and cleaning the base of the structure (a) with a suction device to remove precipitated impurities from the base together with the additional said flocculants, and;
f. generating a displacement of surface water containing impurities and surface oils by injecting inlet water according to step (b), which causes said displacement to remove said surface water through a system. removal of impurities and surface oils arranged in the structure of step (a), which together with step (e) replaces traditional filtration.
The process has a great advantage over the prior art in that the desired characteristics are achieved without the need for a filtration system or the addition of large quantities of chemicals, which opens the possibility to implement and maintain large crystalline water masses without Size limit.
It is worth mentioning that cleaning is carried out in such a way that each sector of the structure is cleaned at intervals of no more than 7 days.
In a preferred aspect, the disclosed structure or lake in step (a) maintains a minimum total water renewal rate of 150 days, preferably 60 days, to prevent the accumulation of oxidation (aging) products.
Each step of the process for implementing and maintaining large bodies of water is detailed separately in your preferred aspects below. In step (a), a structure or lake is provided to contain a body of water greater than 15 000 m<sup>3</sup>, with elements that allow the treatment and water characteristics required to achieve the desired aesthetic and sanitary results of having color, transparency and cleanness similar to low cost swimming pools or tropical seas. The features of the structure provided for carrying out steps (b) to (f) of the invention will be identified by the reader when the structure specially designed for this invention is specifically described.
In step (b), and only where necessary, pre-filtration and treatment may be carried out in the water which is incorporated into the lake, where the water contains inlaid micromolusks or turbidity levels above 5 ° C. NTU Still, the water inlet should not include micromolusks and metals such as iron or magnesium in order to maintain the above mentioned ranges. In other words, low turbidity of water is preferred because the process of the present invention lacks a traditional filtration process and the suction device and skimmers would be inefficient if they receive high levels of suspended particles including both organic and inorganic contaminants. .
If in step (c) the pH is greater than 7.8, it is necessary to add bromine salts such as sodium bromide, always maintaining the minimum bromine concentrations of 0.6 ppm. It is worth mentioning that in the case of seawater, because it has pH values greater than 7.8, it naturally contains high levels of bromine, so it is not necessary to add this element if the lake or artificial reservoir is filled with water. from the sea.
In step (d), the preferred maximum cycles are 24 hours. The amount of oxidant applied is controlled by permanent measurement of ORP during application such that it meets the minimum requirements, ie, oxidant is added to a minimum of 600 mV over a period of 4 hours.
The type of oxidant chosen depends on cost, among other factors. Hypochlorite produced by electrochlorination and ozone are economical because they are produced in situ but require high investments in equipment.
The amount applied depends on several factors that vary daily, such as, for example: temperature, solar radiation, environmental contamination, rain, storms, utilization levels, etc. Briefly, the amount of oxidant required is determined by measuring the ORP.
Notwithstanding the foregoing and without limiting the invention, it can be said that the usual concentrations used and the oxidant application ranges are those indicated in Table 1:
Table 1: Oxidant Application
<td>Oxidant</td><td>USER CONCENTRATION *</td><td>MIN RANGE</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>MAX</td>
<td>Ozone</td><td>0.05 ppm</td><td>0.01 - 0.58 ppm</td>
<td>Peroxide</td><td>0.04 ppm</td><td>0.01 - 0.46 ppm</td>
<td>hydrogen</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Sodium hypochlorite</td><td>0.16 ppm</td><td>0.04 - 1.50 ppm</td>
<td>Persulfate</td><td>0.28 ppm</td><td>0.07 - 3.30 ppm</td>
<td>Bromos</td><td>0.22 ppm</td><td>0.05 - 1.80 ppm</td>
<td colspan="3">* Total amount added to reach and maintain ORP</td>
<td colspan="3">600 mV for 4 hours divided by total volume</td>
<td>of the body of water.</td><td></td><td></td>
step (e) includes adding a flocculating agent and cleaning the bottom of the structure of step (a) with a suction device to remove precipitated impurities from the lake bottom along with the flocculating agents.
Cleaning is carried out such that each sector of the lake is cleaned at intervals of no more than 7 days, preferably every 4 days. With this step, along with the use of skimmers, the traditional filtration processes used in swimming pools are replaced.
Of the flocculants that may be added to this step (e), a cationic polymer is preferred, eg HICAT-1 ™, which is a 25% solids biodegradable cationic polyelectrolyte produced by Buckman Laboratories in the United States (is accepted by the Chilean National Health Service and recommended for use in swimming pools at 100-fold concentrations) at concentrations between 0.02 and 1 ppm with maximum frequencies of 6 days, preferably 0.05 ppm every 24 hours; or addition of Crystal Clear ™, which is a biodegradable cationic polyelectrolyte produced by AP Aquarium Products in the United States (used in aquariums at 100-fold higher concentrations) at concentrations of 0.16 ppm every 24 hours.
Additionally, in another preferred aspect of the invention this step includes adding algaecides such as quaternary ammonia (eg polyquaterns) and / or copper compounds (eg CuSCh · 5 H<sub>2</sub>(Or copper chelates), keep copper levels between 1 ppb and 1.5 ppm, depending on temperature and sunshine; 0.3 to 1.5 ppm copper for temperature ranges between 10 ° C and 30 ° C.
It is important to keep in mind that the purpose of the suction device is not only to clean the bottom in the described process, as is the case with vacuum devices in traditional pools, but said suction device completely replaces the traditional pool filtration system together. with the use of flocculants. Additionally, the fact that the process contemplates displacing and removing surface water with impurities in the direction of the frame slots complements the action of the suction device.
In other words, the suction device not only removes naturally deposited material at the bottom (leaves, branches, earth, etc.) but also any suspended particles that are filtered off in the case of swimming pools and which are converted to flakes (large particles). ) and are suctioned by the device in this invention, thereby decreasing its removal costs by two orders of magnitude.
In step (f) it is necessary to control clean water injection levels to ensure proper displacement and removal of surface water with impurities and oils through the skimmers of the structure provided in process step (a) of the invention.
As mentioned above, to carry out the process to implement and maintain large water bodies greater than 15 000 m<sup>3</sup> According to the present invention, it is necessary to provide a structure such as that shown as an example in Figure 10.
A suitable structure or reservoir for the process of the present invention includes bottoms and walls constructed of low permeability materials such as clays and bentonite, coated with a non-porous material such as a polyvinyl chloride membrane, low density linear polyethylene or high density cleanable polyethylene with a depth of at least 0.5 meters, a system for removing impurities and surface oils through skimmers, a feed pipe system that allows water to be replaced through the clean water inlet and a water inlet feed system.
In a preferred aspect, said feed water is marine water, well water or spring water; In the case of seawater the absorption system may be through sumps or wells positioned to a depth of more than 6 meters.
The frame has skimmers to remove surface oils and particles as they otherwise accumulate and deteriorate water quality even after carrying out all chemical treatment steps as they do not remove grease or floating solids. 0 The process of surface water movement towards the skimmers caused by fresh water entering together with the flocculant suction device system replaces the traditional pool filtration system.
The structure may have freshwater feed pipes that allow it to cause surface water movement that eliminates floating impurities and oils through the skimmers. These pipes also contribute the fresh water needed at the rates described, as otherwise oxidation by-products accumulate, rendering chemical treatments ineffective and deteriorating water quality.
The structure may have a network of injector tubes that allow efficient application of the products and homogenization of water. In swimming pools this is irrelevant, but in large volumes of water bodies the existence of isolated stagnant zones creates contamination centers that render disinfection treatments ineffective, deteriorating water quality.
Plastic liner may have non-porous special features. In pools this may be irrelevant, but in large volumes of water bodies cleaning would not be feasible causing sticky coatings and a dark layer.
The backs and walls may be constructed of low permeability materials such as clay and bentonite, lined with a non-porous material such as polyvinyl chloride membrane, etc. This is the economic way to build these large bodies of water.
Water may be introduced in such a way as to prevent micromoluscs, since in addition to blocking the recycling tubes, said micromoluscs adhere to surfaces giving a dark color.
Water ingress can prevent water with metals such as iron and manganese, as this reservoir has no traditional filtration and the flocculation treatment and suction device are inefficient in removing inorganic impurities including metal contaminants.
Crystal structures or lakes may have water inlets that allow the use of water at low cost since, in contrast to pools that recycle water through their filters, in this case water from skimmers and trolleys or suction devices is discarded.
The structure provided in step (a) for the process of the invention may additionally have:
1) the background color (light blue, white or light yellow coating to make the water the color of tropical seas. This is obvious in the case of swimming pools, but large lagoons use dark plastics due to their durability and lower cost; This is why there are no large bodies of water with the colors described, for example if the plastic were black (usual in ponds), the desired color would not be obtained even if the water had high quality and transparency.
2) a depth above 0.5 meters, preferably between 2 and 5 meters; Depth is important to achieve the desired color similar to tropical seas, as being too shallow the water does not reach turquoise tones and resembles a slightly colored body of water. In addition, due to the high water transparency of these ponds, if the depth is too low, UV light penetration deteriorates the coating rapidly.
3) a recycling system by means of injector piping to maintain water homogeneity while avoiding stagnant areas. This system can be avoided in windy areas.
4) The structure can be constructed in such a way as to avoid dragging organic matter such as leaves and soil by wind, irrigation, etc.
5) Optionally, it can be made of cement with coatings such as paint, polyurethanes or fiberglass.
Thus, in said structure it is also possible to generate a step consisting of displacing surface water containing impurities and oils by a stream generated by fresh water injections through the piping systems, thereby removing said impurities and oils through the said skimmers.
In the following, an optional suction device of the present invention is described in detail:
A suction device for cleaning the bottom of the structure, which is performed in step (e) of the process of the invention, may include: a backing plate, a fiberglass reinforced resin rim, pull handles, a resin cap, a side membrane flap, a steel frame, high density polyurethane rollers, self-lubricating plastic wheels, an opening in a PVC pipe for the bottom, a brush line consisting of plastic bristles with synthetic bristles and a steel disc with perforations or grooves to hold the brushes in a continuous line, support plates for the wheel axles and rollers, and a vented PVC suction line (see Description of figures for details).
The suction device operates by suctioning earth through connecting pipes through a pump system, said device being pulled by a system including a propulsion device for moving the suction device, such as a boat, for example. , a drainage chamber, plastic buoys to assist piping to float, a platform for the helmsman and the deck operator in the case of a boat being used as a propulsion device, tubular traction labeled with a galvanized steel stern connecting rod, a connecting pipe between boat and car, a connecting piece between connecting pipe and suction pipe that connects the pump placed at the edge of the frame. In either case, the propulsion device of the device may also be formed by an off-frame remote mechanical traction system or any other propulsion device useful for moving the suction device.
The suction device is mainly formed by a structuring frame [10], a protective housing [6] with unifying means to be coupled to the pumping system, rolling means for continuous displacement along the surface to be cleaned and cleaning means consisting of a suction line and a brush line [16] for removing material to be cleaned by suction means from the pumping system through the suction device.
The protective housing comprises a laminar resin body that protects the structuring frame [10], the rolling means and the suction means. From the upper section of the protective housing emerge support plates for the boat's tensile tensioners, which are internally joined to the structural frame; in its upper section, said casing also has PVC pipes which form coupling means with the pumping system and are affixed by their basal section to a casing edge formed of resin fiber molded with fiberglass reinforcements to support and sealing said suction tubes; while said housing edge projects a resin web and a side membrane flap to form the housing body. Additionally, its upper section has handles for pulling, handling and lifting the device.
The framing frame is a steel frame to which an aligned series of steel plates to support the rolling media, which make up the high density polyurethane roller axles and self-lubricating plastic wheels, is supported sustainably, and a perforated or grooved steel disc is also attached to the holder by screws a continuous line of brushes having a plastic base and synthetic polyethylene bristles, or the like, that assist in the task of removing material to be vacuumed. For the rear section, the aforementioned tensile tensioner support plates are joined.
The cleaning means comprise a suction line formed by vertical PVC pipes corresponding to the suction pipes emerging from the housing cover to which the T-shaped PVC pipes are attached at their bottom, which in turn are coupled. horizontal tubes having suction openings at their bottom through which the removed material enters to be aspirated and withdrawn from the pond.
It is important to keep in mind that the purpose of the suction device (suction trolley) is not only to clean the bottom in the process described, as is the case with pool vacuum devices, but that said suction device completely replaces the traditional one. pool filtration system along with the use of flocculants and the skimmer system.
PATENT APPLICATION EXAMPLE
An artificial lagoon-like structure was built on the central Chilean coast, with a length of 1 km, an area of 80 000 m<sup>2</sup> and a volume of 250 000 m<sup>3</sup> (33 20 59 59 91 S; 71 39 10 10 W). The bottom was constructed using clay and bentonite, and was lined with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) of white and yellow plastic. The walls were built of cement and clay and lined with LLDPE and HDPE membranes.
The minimum and maximum depths were 1.2 and 3.5 meters, with an average depth of 2.8 meters.
A 100 to 250 mm diameter piping system has been installed around the pond edges for ease of recycling. The system evenly distributed injectors every 10 meters around the entire pond that were placed at the bottom to inject the products and to maintain water homogeneity. Surface impurities and oil removal systems have been installed by skimmers.
Water inlet to this structure was achieved through collectors. The inlet water had 0.08 ppm iron and 0.15 ppm manganese, and a turbidity of 1.4 NTU. The water had a pH of 7.93 and natural bromine concentrations of 48 ppm, and consequently no addition of bromine salts was required. Water was reserved through collectors at a depth of 8 m off the coast of the sea. Entry was made at this depth to avoid micromolus fouling. The presence of micromoluscs in seawater causes problems of growth, development and adhesion to the tubular walls and structures of the lagoon. Another possible way to prevent micromolus fouling is to use water prefiltration.
The ORP value was maintained at 600 millivolts (MV) for 4 hours in 24 hour cycles. This was achieved by applying oxidizers such as, for example, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, electrochlorination or sodium hypochlorite. All of the above were tested with good results.
On an average September day, with an air temperature between 10 and 16 ° C and a water temperature of 17 ° C, 0.1 ppm sodium hypochlorite produced by electrochlorination was applied, which was sufficient to maintain the higher ORP. at 600 MV for more than 4 hours. This system is advantageous when working with salt water because the electrolytic process transforms seawater chloride into hypochlorite without the need to add additional chemicals.
Regulations set for swimming pools in other countries indicate higher ORP values (between 650 and 750 MV) permanently, but this is not economically feasible in large volumes of water and in this invention it has been shown that keeping the ORP above 600 MV for 4 hours at 24-hour cycles is sufficient to slow the growth of microalgae and microorganisms in large bodies of water, thus generating conditions of low contamination, suitable for swimming.
Escherichia coli bacteria, a bacterial pathogen marker, die after 100 seconds when exposed to a 600 MV ORP, and consequently 4-hour treatments have a high disinfectant power.
The volume of the water body in this example is equal to the volume of 6 000 family pools of 8 meters in length and is constructed in such a way that it does not receive visible contamination of the surroundings (leaves, soil, watercourses) and consequently the contamination. received from the environment is very low in relative terms compared to a pool. Proportionately, human contamination is also negligible given the high dilution power (eg 4 swimmers in a family pool equals 24,000 swimmers in the lagoon).
In addition, flocculation and bottom cleaning with the suction trolley, and the removal of grease and surface impurities through the skimmers allows low levels of organic matter to be maintained, which reduces the use of oxidants.
The algicidal action was achieved by maintaining an average copper level in water of about 0.3 ppm, and the application was made using copper salts (hydrated copper sulfate) in sealed bags, which is applied to the chambers through which water the recycling system passes so that the salts dissolve slowly, and also by a copper electrode ionization process in which an electric current is applied to said electrodes and copper ions are released into the medium in a controlled manner. Measured copper levels ranged from 0.1 ppm at a temperature of 10 ° C to 1.5 ppm at 30 ° C (2 ppm is acceptable in drinking water, see table 4).
A cationic flocculation polymer was added. The flocculant used was HICAT-1 ™ in daily 0.4 ppm applications through the recycling system.
With the help of the cart or suction device, the pond bottom plastic was cleaned subsequent to decantation. The device has a suction chamber system, thus removing all precipitated impurities along with the polymer, which allows the bottom of the pond (membrane) to be seen. The device that cleaned the plastic membrane was pulled by a boat and left no residual layer because it was a fine cleaning and not a dredging. This method of cleaning and suction was permanent and the bottom of the pond was cleaned daily, so that the suction system passes through each membrane sector every four days.
The water was kept moving through a recycling system that operated 8 hours a day in low wind seasons, thereby maintaining water homogeneity. The injectors distributed around the structure project water over a long distance and are placed every 10 meters. It should be mentioned that the water contained in the structure also has an important circulation as a wind effect and it must be possible to reduce the artificial recirculation requirements through appropriate structure design thus saving energy.
This recycling system was used to apply chemicals. The water of the structure was completely renewed in a period between 30 and 150 days. The aim of the renovation was to prevent water aging, which is the formation of secondary compounds derived from oxidation reactions. Renewal was performed by entering fresh water through the supply lines, regardless of the recycling lines that terminate in the injectors.
An outflow of surface water was maintained by means of skimmers that remove surface oils and impurities.
The amount of chemicals applied is largely temperature dependent and uses orders of magnitude lower than those required in swimming pools.
Total comparative costs per cubic meter were approximately 3% of the usual cost in swimming pools.
In this example of the patent application, the physicochemical conditions of the water have been determined to correspond not only to the direct contact recreational water regulations (see Table 2), which are the ones applied in this case, but also to the drinking water regulations. (see Table 4), except for inherent characteristics of seawater, and with regulations for swimming pools (see Table 3), with the exception of residual residual chlorine levels, which does not apply due to the technology applied.
Table 2: Comparison between water treated with the process of the invention and regulation for direct contact recreational waters (NCh 1333 *)
VALUE
PARAMETERS [MEASURED IN [POND
NCh 1333 pH [7.96
Maximum temperature, [[17,7 ° C, [
Minimum Clarity * [35 meters
Floating solids [visible and foams [Absent unnatural [
Floating oils and [fats, mg / L, [<5 max * [
Emulsified oils [and fats, mg / L, [<5 max * [
6.5 to 8.3
Except if natural water conditions differ, but in no case less than 5.0 or greater than 9.0
Viewing Secchi discs at a depth of 1.20 meters
Absent
<td>PARAMETERS</td><td>VALUE MEASURED IN LAGOON</td><td>NCh 1333</td>
<td>Color, Unit</td><td> 10</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Pc-Co Scale,</td><td></td><td>No color</td>
<td></td><td>Absent</td><td></td>
<td>maximum *</td><td></td><td>artificial</td>
<td>Turbidity,</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Silica Units,</td><td> 0,55</td><td> 50</td>
<td>maximum *</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Fecal coliforms</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> <2,0</td><td> 1,000</td>
<td>/ 100 ml, maximum *</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Substances that</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>cause odor or taste</td><td>Absent</td><td>Absent</td>
<td>inconvenient</td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="3">* Chilean official regulations were used (0 Chile</td>
<td colspan="3">was the country of the request example), Chilean regulation NCh 1333</td>
Table 3: Comparison between water treated with the process of the invention and pool regulation (NCh 209 *)
<td>PARAMETERS</td><td>[MEASURED VALUE | on POND</td><td>NCh 209</td>
<td>pH</td><td> | 7, 96</td><td> 7,2-8,2</td>
<td>Free residual chlorine</td><td> [ +</td><td>0.5-1.5 (ppm)</td>
<td>Copper (algaecides) mg / L</td><td> | 0,38</td><td>1.5 max</td>
<td>Bromine (disinfectant) mg / L</td><td> [ +</td><td> 1-3</td>
[MEASURED VALUE (
PARAMETERS [(NCh 209 [IN POND
Foam, fat and particles [[suspended fat and particles [Absent [Absent suspended [
Aerobic bacterial colonies / [([2 [<200 ml [[
Fecal Coliforms [Absent [Absent
Total coliforms colonies / (i [<2 [<20
100 ml [[
Algae, larvae or others [[[[Absent [Absent [living organisms [[[
Clarity [35 meters [1,4 meters [(* Chilean official regulations were used (Chile [was the country of the request example], Chilean regulation NCh 209] [+ Not applicable due to applied technology [
Table 4: Comparison between water treated with the process of the invention and drinking water regulation (NCh 409 *)
<td>(PARAMETERS</td><td>( UNITY</td><td>[METHOD | IN ( TEST</td><td>[ MEASURED VALUE [IN POND</td><td>[2005 NCh i [409 Official [</td>
<td>pH</td><td> [</td><td> 1 <sup>(I)</sup></td><td>i 7.96</td><td>[6.5 <pH <8.5 [</td>
<td>Turbidity</td><td>(NTU</td><td> 1 <sup>(I)</sup></td><td>i 0.55</td><td> | 2,0 [</td>
Real color at pH = 7.71
Pt-Co
Odor
Flavor (I) (10 | 2 0 (I) [[No odor [No odor (I); + [No flavor)
<td>PARAMETERS</td><td>UNITY ]</td><td>METHOD IN TEST</td><td>MEASURED VALUE IN POND</td><td>j 2005 NCh] 409 Official</td>
<td>Ammonia</td><td>ΐ mg / l NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>(I)</td><td> 0,12</td><td>I 1.5</td>
<td>Arsenic Total</td><td>ΐ mg / L As s</td><td>(I)</td><td> <0,005</td><td>| 0.01C)</td>
<td>Cadmium</td><td>ΐ mg / L Cd]</td><td>(I)</td><td> <0,002</td><td>1st, 01</td>
<td>Zinc</td><td>] mg / l Zn]</td><td>(I)</td><td> <0,05</td><td> | 3, 0</td>
<td>Cyanide total</td><td>] mg / l CN]</td><td>(I)</td><td> <0,05</td><td> 1 0, 05</td>
<td>Chlorides</td><td>ΐ mg / L Cl s</td><td>(I)</td><td> 18,914</td><td>] 400 h)</td>
<td></td><td colspan="3">MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS</td><td></td>
<td>PARAMETERS</td><td>EXPRESS]</td><td>METHOD</td><td>MEASURED VALUE</td><td>2005 NCh</td>
<td></td><td>| HOW |</td><td>IN</td><td>IN</td><td>] 4 0 9 Official</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>TEST</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>RESERVOIR</td><td></td>
<td>Total of coliforms</td><td>MPN / 100] ] ml]</td><td>(V)</td><td> <2,0</td><td> 1 <2,0</td>
<td>Escherichia coli</td><td>MPN / 100] ΐ ml]</td><td>(V) - (*)</td><td>ABSENT</td><td>] Absent</td>
<td colspan="3">na Indicates not detected</td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="3">* The regulations used</td><td colspan="2">Chilean officials (0 Chile</td>
<td>was the country of</td><td>example of</td><td>request)</td><td colspan="2">, Chilean Regulation NCh 409</td>
<td colspan="4">+ Inherent values of seawater.</td><td></td>
In this example it has been shown that it is possible to maintain a mass or volume of water similar to a large volume artificial seawater reservoir (250 000 m<sup>3</sup>) with a water quality similar to that of conventional pools and tropical seas, both in their aesthetic characteristics as in their physicochemical and bacteriological properties. The characteristics achieved have not been found in any artificial pond in the world to date (see Google Earth) and this can be demonstrated by satellite comparison of the transparency and color of the pond to be protected (3320'59.91S; 7139'10, 10W) with tens of thousands in the world, such as golf course and public park lakes, recreational dams, real estate and tourism lakes, and even dams over 15,000 m<sup>3</sup> built for the purpose of swimming pool (eg Ramos Pool in Brazil, Darwin Swimming Pool in Australia, Orthlieb Swimming Pool in Casablanca, Morocco).
We have not found any bodies of water in the world with a volume greater than 15 000 m<sup>3</sup> with crystalline water of this quality, except for an artificial pond-like structure that we want to protect, which is 250,000 m3.
In a forum of Google Earth ™ (Internet satellite photography software in the world) people have been searching for two years for the world's largest observable pool from space. The conclusion, when reviewing the results, is that the pond of the patent application example is by far the largest body of crystalline water found.
The largest known pool in the world using traditional filtration and recycling systems is the Sunlite Pool of Coney Island, United States, having 11 350 cubic meters of water. In the remaining tens of thousands of large artificial water bodies in the world, water is either unfiltered or only partially filtered. As previously mentioned, the water characteristics of these masses are very different from those of swimming pools or tropical seas and their uses are limited.
Filtering high volumes of water is technically complex and highly expensive, and as a result this is a barrier to the scaling of crystalline water bodies. The process of the present invention removes suspended solids (turbidity) that flocculate together with the polymer in an efficient and economical manner, thereby replacing filtration.
In addition to the high costs, the traditional filtration system does not solve the pond bottom cleaning.
The technology described in the present invention allows the barrier that prevents the construction of crystalline lagoons of unlimited length and volume to be broken, thus opening a new field of tourist applications.
The main advantage of the implemented process is evidenced by the comparison of the regulations for recreational waters and the results obtained in the artificial pond of the example. In addition, the level of transparency obtained in water is extremely important, with clarity of 35 meters or more, which is a result not found in any other water body larger than 15 000 m.<sup>3</sup> not in most pools; in fact, swimming pool regulation requires only 1.4 meters of clarity (see Table 3).
Other advantages of the described process of the present invention are:
• Low maintenance costs.
• The regulations established for direct contact recreational waters are largely met (see Table 2) and comparable parameters for pool and drinking water regulations are also met (see Tables 3 and 4).
• The water in the lagoon is always absolutely transparent, without turbidity, with the turquoise color of swimming pools or tropical seas and the clean bottom, which are great visual characteristics for the acceptance of the public using them.
• Use of oxidant, algicide and disinfectant concentrations up to 100 times lower than recommended for conventional swimming pools; This advantage favors users and is more environmentally friendly.
• Since these water bodies are offshore or near natural lakes, they are not affected by temperature variations produced by ocean currents, ice thawing, etc., but only by environmental variables (temperature, solar radiation, wind). . In practical terms, in the lagoon of the summer patent application example, temperatures of more than 10 ° C higher than those of the sea are obtained.
• Flocculation and suction bottom cleaning together with skimmers replace the conventional pool filter system, thus resulting in high transparency at a very low cost. Sediment removal prevents such sediments from consuming oxidants and generating anoxic zones, and allows the bottom membrane to give an attractive shade to the pond water.
• Water bodies can be built without size limit with optimal aesthetic, physicochemical and sanitary conditions, which generates great tourist attraction centers.
In order to make the surprising effect of the process described in the present invention more apparent, Table 5 is shown, which illustrates the costs for both water body cleaning methods in the example of the patent application (250,000 m<sup>3</sup>) .
Table 5: Comparison of traditional filtration method * and suction device
Specifications
Volume circulated through pumps] Costs
Installation] Costs monthly
Traditional filter • 120 15 HP Three-phase Aral-C 3000 pumps (Astral Code
01206) • filters 60
Prague 3000 (Astral Code 15781) • 714 000 kilograms of sand (Astral Code 905000)
893 L / sec
$ 2,686,648 +
US $ 119 246 • valves 60 250 mm batteries (Astral Code 19133)
Specifications
Circulated Volume ii Costs through iPumps Installation i Costs [of] Operation} Monthly • Installation Work • 2 500 m Shed<sup>2</sup>
Energy
<td>monthly</td><td>total</td>
<td>required,</td><td> 24</td>
<td>hours * 30</td><td></td>
<td>days * 1343</td><td> 28</td>
<td>kW / hour</td><td></td>
<td> (967 164</td><td> 18</td>
<td>kW / hour)</td><td></td>
• Operators
Maintenance
Suction Device • Boat Windglider • 9.5 HP Protected Outboard • Suction Device • 7.5 HP Suction Pump • Piping, Accessories
L / sec
$ 25 166
$ 2 242
Specifications
Volume circulated through pumps s Costs
] Installation Costs] Operation] Monthly • Fuel • Flocculant i · Operator ii] i · Maintenance iis
Considering T = 2 (minimum rate for pool filtration) according to regulation NCh 209 + Does not consider the cost of land for the 2 500 m shed<sup>2</sup>.
It is important to keep in mind that in order to obtain the desired end result of color, transparency and cleanness characteristics similar to low cost swimming pools or tropical seas, it is preferable to have water treatment and characteristics to achieve the desired results. Isolated application of the physicochemical process for water treatment would not be possible or produce the desired results.
Contents8
103 members in 38 offices
Priority claims4
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006003225 | Chile | A | |
| 2006003225 | Chile | A | |
| 200603225 | – | – | – |
| CL20060003225 | – | – | – |
Members103
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| UY30184A1 | Uruguay | A1 | |
| IL187370D0 | Israel | D0 | |
| CA2610542A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2737013A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| NO20075880L | Norway | L | |
| NO20111057L | Norway | L | |
| US2008116142A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| KR20080046131A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| AR060106A1 | Argentina | A1 | |
| CN101186403A | China | A | |
| EP1925593A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| AU2007203016A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| CO5930073A1 | Colombia | A1 | |
| SG143192A1 | Singapore | A1 | |
| EA200702291A2 | Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) | A2 | |
| ECSP077916A | Ecuador | A | |
| MA29589B1 | Morocco | B1 | |
| BRPI0705498A | Brazil | A | |
| TW200831168A | Taiwan Province of China | A | |
| JP2008194676A | Japan | A | |
| EA200702291A3 | Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) | A3 | |
| ZA200710014B | South Africa | B | |
| CR9535A | Costa Rica | A | |
| PE20081640A1 | Peru | A1 | |
| MX2007014361A | Mexico | A | |
| HK1120253A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| AU2007203016B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| HRP20070521A2 | Croatia | A2 | |
| NZ563512A | New Zealand | A | |
| EP1925593A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| EA013383B1 | Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) | B1 | |
| US7820055B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| TWI335833B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| PE20100823A1 | Peru | A1 | |
| PE20100843A1 | Peru | A1 | |
| KR101015449B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| US2011061194A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2011062067A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2610542C | Canada | C | |
| SG172611A1 | Singapore | A1 | |
| SG172657A1 | Singapore | A1 | |
| US2011210076A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JO2621B1 | Jordan | B1 | |
| US8062514B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| IL187370A | Israel | A | |
| US8070942B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AP2346A | African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) | A | |
| NO331589B1 | Norway | B1 | |
| AR079637A2 | Argentina | A2 | |
| AR079638A2 | Argentina | A2 | |
| JP2012066247A | Japan | A | |
| JP4927687B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| PH12011000422A1 | Philippines | A1 | |
| UY34424A | Uruguay | A | |
| UY34425A | Uruguay | A | |
| JP5129386B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| EG26151A | Egypt | A | |
| EG26227A | Egypt | A | |
| CN101186403B | China | B | |
| CN103435177A | China | A | |
| CN103437573A | China | A | |
| CA2737013C | Canada | C | |
| PY0738869A | Paraguay | A | |
| US8790518B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| HK1191928A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| NO335000B1 | Norway | B1 | |
| EG26773A | Egypt | A | |
| US2014332472A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| PH12011000421A1 | Philippines | A1 | |
| CN103435177B | China | B | |
| CN103437573B | China | B | |
| JO3033B1 | Jordan | B1 | |
| JO3038B1 | Jordan | B1 | |
| BRPI0705498A8 | Brazil | A8 | |
| US9708822B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1925593B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| PT1925593TThis record | Portugal | T | |
| DK1925593T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| EP3263530A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP3266750A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| LT1925593T | Lithuania | T | |
| ES2651351T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| HUE034893T2 | Hungary | T2 | |
| SI1925593T1 | Slovenia | T1 | |
| PL1925593T3 | Poland | T3 | |
| CY1120043T1 | Cyprus | T1 | |
| BRPI0705498B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| HRP20180980A2 | Croatia | A2 | |
| BR122018013221B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| BR122018013226B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| HRP20180981A2 | Croatia | A2 | |
| HRP20070521B1 | Croatia | B1 | |
| HRPK20180981B3 | Croatia | B3 | |
| EP3263530B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| PT3263530T | Portugal | T | |
| DK3263530T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| SI3263530T1 | Slovenia | T1 | |
| HRP20180980B1 | Croatia | B1 | |
| LT3263530T | Lithuania | T | |
| PL3263530T3 | Poland | T3 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 1925593
- Publication, DOCDB
- 1925593
- Publication, EPODOC
- PT1925593T
- Application
- 70759956
- Application, DOCDB
- 07075995
- Application, EPODOC
- PT20070075995T
Titles2
- English
- PROCESS TO OBTAIN (IMPLEMENT AND MAINTAIN) WATER BODIES LARGER THAN 15,000 M3 FOR RECREATIONAL USE WITH COLOR, TRANSPARENCY AND CLEANNESS CHARACTERISTICS SIMILAR TO SWIMMING POOLS OR TROPICAL SEAS AT LOW COST
- Portuguese
- PROCESSO DE OBTENÇÃO (IMPLEMENTAÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO) DE MASSAS DE ÁGUA SUPERIORES A 15 000 M3 PARA USO RECREATIVO COM CARACTERÍSTICAS DE COR, TRANSPARÊNCIA E LIMPEZA SEMELHANTES ÀS DE PISCINAS OU MARES TROPICAIS A BAIXO CUSTO
Classification
- CPC, 25
- C02F1/56
- C02F9/00
- E04H4/00
- C02F1/40
- C02F1/46
- C02F1/505
- C02F1/72
- C02F1/722
- C02F1/76
- C02F1/78
- C02F7/00
- E02F3/885
- E02F3/8866
- E02F3/9243
- E02B1/003
- E02B3/00
- C02F2103/007
- C02F2209/04
- C02F2209/06
- C02F2209/11
- Y02W10/37
- C02F1/766
- C02F2103/42
- Y02W10/10
- C02F1/00
- IPC, 6
- C02F1 56
- C02F1 72
- C02F103 42
- E02B15 04
- E04H4 00
- E04H4 16