Method and apparatus for portable transmitting devices

description

Method and Instrument for Portable Transmission Devices

Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to electronic surveillance systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improved portable transmitter device known as a tag to enhance change detection capability. The present invention also relates to a method and an instrument of resistance to three changes.

Background of the invention Electronic surveillance systems for remote monitoring and supervision of moving objects, and in particular for people monitoring, are known in the art. The advantages of employing such a system in a wide range of applications are known in a variety of fields including safety, law enforcement, medicine and the like.

In the case of a separate identification code, the credibility of the surveillance system depends on the ability of the identification system of the person being monitored. Using tags to monitor offenders and criminals, patients such as mentally ill patients or Alzheimer's patients or patients with infectious diseases, children and the like may cause difficulties as the monitored person may be tagged and disrupt the normal operating mode of the system. or hand it over to another person (deliberately in the case of offenders and criminals or by mistake in the case of mentally ill patients or children). Available tags are now equipped with change detection sensors to prevent tag change. The change detection sensors now available can be divided into two groups: a section sensor and a body or proximity sensor. At present no other type of related change sensors are employed or used in the Tags.

U.S. Pat. 5,504,474, 5,831,535 and 5,936,529, all assigned to the current applicant, disclose a change resistant tag of the type described above for use with surveillance systems.

Generally known arrangements include sensors that detect whether the strap attaching the device to the subject's limb or whether the device is placed against the subject's skin or whether the strap attaching the device to the subject's limb has been removed. cut or if the closure member securing the ends of the strap has been broken. While it is not easy to circumvent both change detection sensors, it is possible that when the subject is outside the monitoring zone for an unmonitored period of time (which may be allowed), the subject could remove the device from monitoring and resume monitoring device to itself or another before reentering a monitored area, and thereby to escape detection of escape if the subject commits an offense.

US 2003/0210149 for Reisman et al discloses a monitoring device, such as a clock, for monitoring, in a remote position, movements and activities of a person such as a patient with dementia. 0 The device is worn around the wrist of the person being monitored, and comprises a socket body, a strap attached to the socket to secure the device around the wrist of the person being monitored, and a change sensor for detecting changing or removing the device from the person's wrist. The device further includes electronic circuits enclosed within the socket. The circuits include a microprocessor and a memory device for receiving and processing data and a transmitter for periodically transmitted data to a remote position. A time dial, attached to a clock mechanism, is mounted on a socket to be shown on the front of the socket. [0007] The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of prior art by providing a new tag. The present invention further provides a method and system for enhancing the monitoring of a person's behavior through the use of a new tag. In addition, the present invention provides benefits such as monitoring the behavior of the monitored subject and alerting if predetermined behavior is monitored when using the new tag.

Description of the invention According to a first aspect of the present invention, a tag is provided for use with a surveillance system, the tag having an identification code and being placed within a socket, the tag comprising: a power supply; at least one strap for attaching the tag to a memo of a monitored person; a motion sensor for determining the movement of the monitored person using the tag and producing a motion sensor signal in response to said movement, a second sensor for detecting actual or attempted tag removal of the monitored person; a central processor unit for receiving signals from the motion sensor and the second sensor; and a transmitter for transmitting signals to a remote monitoring unit. With respect to US 2003/0210149, the tag of the invention is characterized in that the CPU unit compares the motion sensor signal to a motion pattern relative to behavioral signals associated with the monitored person to detect a person's monitored behavior. as the monitored movements of the person.

The tag of the invention may further comprise a receiver such as a radio frequency transceiver for receiving data from the remote monitoring unit, said data including predetermined thresholds for the operation of the motion sensor and the second sensor. ] The motion sensor can be one of the following: a tilt sensor; an acceleration sensor; an angular sensor; a tilt sensor; a position sensor. The second sensor may be a proximity sensor that detests the presence of a member within the strap or the straps attached to the tag. The proximity sensor may be one of the following: capacity sensor; skin or body temperature detector; skin color detector; body or skin odor sensor; heart pulse detector; SpO detector₂; skin unit sensor; skin transport blood alcohol sensor.

The second sensor could be a belt cut sensor to detect that at least one belt has been altered. Alteration may involve a cut or removal of the strap. According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for monitoring and detecting a subject's behavior by using a tag by the monitored person as part of a surveillance system including a monitoring unit. remote, the tag that has a motion sensor to determine the movement of the monitored person and a second sensor to detect the actual attempt or removal of the monitored person tag, the method comprising the steps of: producing a motion sensor signal in response to movement of the monitored person; at predetermined intervals by examining the motion sensor signal; processing the motion sensor signal; and transmitting a signal to the remote monitoring unit. With respect to US 2003/0210149, the method of the invention is characterized in that the motion sensor signal is compared to the behavioral signals relating to a movement pattern associated with the monitored person to detect the monitored person's behavior as monitored movements. person's. The method of the invention may further comprise determining at least whether the motion sensor and the second sensor transmit signals indicating change with the surveillance system or the tag.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a surveillance system for monitoring people is provided, the system comprising: at least one tag; and a remote monitoring unit; wherein the or each Tag has an identification code and is placed within a socket, and comprises: a power supply; at least one strap for attaching the tag to a member of a monitored person; a motion sensor for determining motion or the person using the tag and producing a motion sensor signal in response to said motion; a second sensor to detect actual or attempted removal of the person tag; a central processing unit for receiving motion sensor and second sensor signals; and a transmitter for transmitting signals from the CPU unit to the remote monitoring unit. With respect to US 2003/0210149, the system of the invention is characterized in that the motion sensor signal is compared to behavioral signals related to a motion pattern associated with the monitored person to detect the monitored person's behavior as the monitored movements of the motion. person.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be better understood and appreciated by the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a pictorial representation of the system in which the instrument and method of the present invention are operated.

Fig. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the main components of the tag according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3A illustrates an exemplary pictorial representation and a graph of a belt shear sensor according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3B illustrates an exemplary pictorial representation and graph of a body or proximity sensor according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 illustrates the example of a pictorial representation of a motion sensor according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a flowchart depicting the main steps of tag control according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an example for a report produced from a tag-derived local surveillance system comprising a motion sensor in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an example for a plot of local surveillance system showing the slope number versus measurement time derived using a tag comprising a motion sensor according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to portable transmitting devices, known as Tags used primarily as a part of electronic surveillance systems. A typical surveillance system comprises a plurality of portable transmitting devices, known as tags (one or more fixed or mobile), a local monitoring unit and a central monitoring station. A tag is a device used by a monitored person; The tag is capable of transmitting and receiving signals from a local monitoring unit. Each tag has an identification code. The identification code may be a specific code unique to the subject with whom the tag is associated, such that the subject can be easily identified. Alternatively, the identification code may be a typical code for a particular group. The portable tag is secured with lanes usually around a member of the person being monitored. Current tags typically include a central processing unit (CPU) that allows programming of tag operation with respect to various parameters in order to meet the specific requirements of the subject to whom the tag is attached. Thus, parameters such as sampling intervals, data transmission intervals, bus periods, and

With monitored time, allowed positions and thresholds to signal similar changes, can be selected according to specific needs. The tag periodically transmits matching signals, including the tag identification code and tag data. Those signals must be received by one or more local monitoring units, where they are processed and optionally reported to the central monitoring station. An alteration signal is used in the context of this invention to indicate an attempted removal or removal of the person's tag or an attempted removal or removal of the receiver from his position or an attempted removal or removal of any part of the tag from the tag itself or the receiver. from the receiver itself. In the context of the present invention an amendment also denotes that any part of the surveillance system that includes, but is not limited to the tag, receiver or link has been disturbed, interrupted, interfered with and the like. In the context of personal monitoring a change may denote any predetermined activity or any exception or deviation from a predetermined behavior or rules of behavior, including any deviation from a behavioral pattern and the like. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the use of the word alterations is intended in the widest possible manner in order to achieve the purposes of the present invention as described in the drawings and the accompanying description.

The present invention comprises a new and original tag. A tag comprising a motion sensor in a combination of at least one additional change detection sensor that is not a motion change detection sensor. The combination of a motion change detection sensor and another change detection sensor significantly improves detection change capabilities. Typically, the portable transmitting device, on which the new present invention can be performed, comprises a power supply, a socket, a CPU or a microprocessor, a strap, an RF transmitter and at least two non-detecting change sensors. It is a motion sensor. The strap cut sensor and the body or proximity sensor are two examples for the change detection sensor which

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changes in addition to another engine changes which enhances the ability changes of the tag. The present invention additionally provides a novel method for monitoring and detecting the behavior of a monitored person using the new tag. Using a motion sensor as a change detection sensor enables you to enhance change detection capabilities. For example not detecting any movement of the motion sensor implies that the tag has been removed from the monitored person without being detected by other means. Alternatively, if a person is not moving at all, suggesting that the monitored person may be disabled; The tag of the present invention will provide an indication through the use of the motion sensor, unlike presently existing change sensors.

It is another object of the present invention to record and save the monitored subject movement pattern in order to distinguish between different monitored subjects and to use it in a manner similar to a fingerprint. In order to monitor and detect standard tests and the behavior of the monitored subject the additional motion sensor as well as its capabilities to detect the monitored subject and the behavior would probably prevent attempts to bypass the available means of detecting changes now.

Fig. 1 is a pictorial representation of the system in which the instrument and method of the present invention are operated. A typical transmitter tag, such as tag 12 (detail described in Fig. 2), used by a monitored person 10, transmits signals to a monitored unit such as remote home monitoring unit (HMRU) 13. Tag 12 can be performed, as disclosed in US Patent Nos. 5,504,474, 5,831,535 and 5,936,529 incorporated herein by reference. Tag 12 is capable of transmitting signals to a variety of monitoring devices such as mobile unit (MU), pager, home monitoring unit, personal location system (PLS), or any other monitoring unit. monitoring. HMRU 13 and similar devices transmit the signal to a central monitoring unit 15 to be received by wireless communication, such as RF antenna 14, or by conventional (wired or wireless) communication lines such as telephone lines 16. , cable TV, WAN, LAN and the like for further processing.

Fig. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the main components of the tag according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Tag 12 in Fig. 1 is comprised of a power supply 24, a CPU or a microprocessor 25, a RF transmitter 26, a motion detection sensor 23, and at least one other change detection sensor, such as a sensor. 21 of the belt cutter, a body or proximity sensor 22 and the like. That is, the tag may comprise one or more motion sensors 21 and one or more belt cut-off sensors 21, alternatively, the tag may comprise one or more motion sensors 21 and one or more body or proximity sensors 22. An example for operating principles of a belt cut sensor 21 is described in detail in FIG. 3A as a principle example of a proximity or body sensor 22 is described in detail in FIG. 3B. A proximity sensor is designed to detect the presence of a member positioned within the tag straps. A proximity sensor contemplated by the present invention is a proximity sensor designed to detect the capacity transferred through the body of the monitored person. Capacity is determined by detecting the existence of the dielectric substance (such as the human body) between two plates of a capacitor that are parts of the condensation change sensor. Such a capacitance sensor would preferably indicate the change in capacitance and provide an alert when capacitance drops below or exceeds a predetermined threshold. The body proximity sensor may also include a temperature sensor, a skin color sensor, an optical sensor, a sensor that detects odor-identifying molecules, or a sensor that determines the resistance of the body within the straps, the heart rate or an SpO2. A strap cut sensor is designed to detect an attempt to cut or detach any of the straps attached to the tag. A strap cut sensor can also detect the removal of each strap while the tag still remains on the body. The strap cut sensor is preferably a single as described in US Patent No. 5,504,474 issued April 2, 1996. Other belt cut sensors may be used by the present invention. Such a belt cut sensor may be a sensor that detects the low absence of current in the belts whereby such current is continuously circulated through the belts. An example for operating principles of a motion sensor 23 is described in detail in FIG. 4. Each of the change detection sensors independently outputs signals to the CPU 25 tag for processing. CPU 25 periodically transmits corresponding signals, including tag identification code and sensor data signals, to a remote monitoring unit (not shown). The CPU 25 is programmable by tag operation with respect to the various parameters in order to meet the specific requirements of the subject to which the tag is attached. Thus, parameters such as sampling intervals, data transmission intervals, monitor time periods, different change parameters and allowed positions and limit bars, and the like, can be selected according to specific needs. Each of the three change detection sensors, the cutting belt 21, the body 22, and the tilt 23 output signals continuously or as needed to the CPU 25. CPU 25 compares each signal to a predetermined threshold or checks signal parameters such as the time interval between the predetermined threshold crossing, number of times crossing the threshold and the like in order to determine the detection of changes by each. sensor. The CPU 25 then transmits the change detections to the remote monitoring unit (not shown) using the transmitter 26. The remote monitoring unit, for example HMRU 13 in Fig. 1 further processes the information received from all sensors and decides if an attempt has been made to circumvent change detection. Alternatively, a shift signal received by the motion sensor 23 CPU 25 in addition to at least one other shift signal received from the belt cut off the sensor 21 or the body or proximity sensor 22 will cause the CPU 25 to transmit to the HMRU 13 in Fig. 1 the computerized signal of changes. The computerized change signal may include an indication of the change alert as well as the tag identification from which the change alert is issued. The CPU tag performs signal interpretation, determines which decisions to make based on predetermined rules, and alarms when generated and other data. Where the tag performs decision determination or interpretation of received signals or when an alarm should be generated, the tag may also send all information to the receiver unit or remote location. The computerized signal of the changes can then be transmitted by HMRU 13 by conventional communication lines as described in Fig. 1 to a central monitoring station for future process and action. A single change signal received by CPU 25 of motion sensor 23 without the other signal from one of the other change detection sensors will not cause CPU 25 to transmit a change signal but to transmit another predetermined signal. For example, the high signal of prisoners' activity during rest time, involving tunneling, illegal unionization and the like. Another example of a different predetermined signal may be, for example, low signal activity received from an elderly person in a day care program, suggests that the monitored person may be incapacitated or chilled during a cold day and equivalents. In addition, when security personnel sleep or are distressed during their working time, their behavior that does not conform to the required standards can be detected by using the new tag that has a motion sensor, by comparison with a profile. behaviors. In addition, a simple reading of the tag's motion sensor may show no movement or lower activity by such an individual. 0 Tag or the entire remote system can therefore determine that the person is not moving sufficiently to perform their duties. Fig. 3A illustrates an exemplary pictorial representation and graph of a shear belt sensor, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The strap cut sensor 30 comprises two straps 31, a socket 34 and the electrical circuits (not shown). The first strap has a free end 36 and an end that is attached to the socket 38. The first strap also includes a first portion of an electrical circuit 32 and a plurality of longitudinally arranged pairs of first strap holes (not shown). The second strap has a free end 40 and an end that is joined to the socket 42, the second strap also includes the second portion of the electrical circuit 32 being electrically connected to the first portion of the electrical circuit with the pairs of socket 33 and at least one. least two of the second longitudinally arranged strap holes corresponding to the first strap holes (not shown). The second strap further includes at least one pair of contacts 46 corresponding to the first strap holes, each of the contacts electrically connected to one end in the circuit, the contacts being situated between the second strap holes. These two straps are being mechanically and electrically connected together by braking means to join the socket around the member of the subject being monitored to form an electrically continuous resistor circuit unless the circuit is electrically close. open to the free end 40 of the second strap. Resistance RI 44 is being continuously measured at predetermined intervals (e.g. few microseconds) by measuring the voltage V 48 falling between pairs of second belt contacts 46. The voltage measured as a function of sampling time increases until a certain level 52 is reached. In case no change occurs the voltage will remain between VI and V2 until the next sampling cycle.

The Fig. 3B illustrates an exemplary pictorial representation and graph of a body or proximity sensor in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Body or proximity sensor 60 comprises two straps 31, a socket 34 and electrical circuits (not shown). The two straps have a free end 36 and 40 and an end that is joined to socket 36 and 42. In addition, both straps are being connected to electrical circuit 64. These two straps are being connected together mechanically and electrically by connections and braking means to snap together around the member of the subject being monitored to form a resistor circuit R2 66. The electrical circuit 64 is buried in reference to power supply 24 in Fig. 2 when another portion of electrical circuit 62 positioned in socket 34 is electrically isolated from electrical circuit 64. Electrical circuits (not shown) comprise a standard oscillator for converting the measured capacity between electrical circuit 64 and electrical circuit 62 to frequency. A frequency counter (part of the electrical circuits not shown) is being used to determine capacity. A person skilled in the art would identify low pulses as low capacity and high pulses as high capacity. Similarly in the shear belt sensor capacity C 68 is being measured continuously at predetermined time intervals (e.g. few microseconds) counting the number of pulses being counted by a frequency counter. The measured capacity 68 as a function of sampling time increases until a certain level 70 is reached. In the event that no change occurs the capacity will pass above Cl until the next sampling cycle. If the monitored person changed the strap, for example cutting or removing the strap, the capacity would not reach Cl 70. In the case of cutting or removing the strap when the Taq is present in an electrically conducting environment, such as a solution for driving capacity would increase further above Cl 72. To conclude, if the capacity does not reach a predetermined Cl 70 level, after a predetermined time, the body or proximity sensor will signal changes to CPU 25 in fiq. 2.

It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that other body types or proximity, such as skin or body temperature detector, skin color detector, body or skin odor sensor and

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preferred embodiment of the present invention. The motion sensor is a detector that has the ability to detect movements of the monitored object to which the motion sensor is attached. It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that balance sensors, acceleration sensors, angle sensors, tilt sensors, position sensors and the like can all be used separately as a motion sensor.

The motion sensor can be CW 1620-3 tilt sensor manufactured by the Comus group of companies consisting of Assemtech Europ Limited, E. Bachem GmbH, W. Gunther GmbH, Gunther Belgium, Gunther France, STG may also be ADXL202 / ADXL210 acceleration sensor manufactured by Analoq Devices Inc. of USA. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any combination of at least two sensors of the same type comprises together, or at least two different sensors together may be used as a motion sensor. A simple, relatively inexpensive, low power consumption of a motion sensor is a tilt sensor. Tilt sensor 78 comprises a spherical outer electrically conductive surface disposed within a clean sealed tube 80 preferably vacuum-filled or inert gas such as nitrogen and the like. The two conductive ends of tube 84 are connected to electrodes 92. The body of tube 80 is buried and electrically isolated 82 from the conductive ends of tube 84. The tilt sensor 78 also comprises electrical circuits comprising a resistor R394 and a power supply 96. The conductive sphere 86 may touch one of the conductive ends of tube 84 or may be positioned 88 without touching the conductive ends of tube 84. If the conductive sphere 86 touches one of the conductive ends 84, the conjugate electrode 92 is buried. If the conductive sphere 88 does not touch one of the conductive ends 84, the conjugate electrode 92 receives the power supply 96. The measured voltage of the electrodes 92 over time changes to be based on the number of conductive movements of the 88 sphere of the electrode. middle of the tube 80 to a position where the conductive sphere 86 touches one of the conductive ends 84. As the monitored subject moves the tilt sensor, the conductive sphere 88 also moves, forming the voltage changes measured at the electrodes 92. Fig. 5 is a flowchart depicting the main control steps of a Tag, according to the present invention. The default change signal from system 100 is an indication of no change. The system independently triggers, from use by watch 102, all the change sensors in the Tag to check their signals within predetermined ranges. The motion sensor signal is being checked at step 106. The signal is then further compared by CPU 25 in Fig. 2 or HMRU 13 in Fig. 1 at predetermined thresholds 110 in order to determine if the signal fits the signal. predetermined criteria of the violation. Alternatively, the motion sensor 23 in Fig. 2 updates and compares the signal with database 112 which is updated online or may be preprogrammed. The motion sensor signal is then further processed to determine if a change violation or a change alarm has occurred 116. If not CPU 25 in Fig. 2 is updated. If so, the CPU or HMRU then checks if at least one other sensor has detected the change signal.

The body or proximity sensor signal is being checked at step 104 to compare the signal by CPU 25 in Fig. 2 or by HMRU 13 in Fig. 1 to the predetermined thresholds 114. If the measured signal reaches certain starting point 70 in fig. 3B, CPU 25 in Fig. 2 is updated. If the measured signal does not reach the threshold, the CPU or HMRU checks whether the motion sensor has detected the change signal.

The strap cut sensor signal is being checked in step 108 to compare the tension signal 48 in FIG. 3A by CPU 25 in Fig. 2 to predetermine start points 118. The start point can be programmed and changed and transmitted to the Tag as needed. If the measured signal reaches after a predetermined time a certain level 52 in fig. 3A between two predetermined thresholds, CPU 25 in Fig. 2 is updated. If the measured voltage is less than the lowest threshold VI or higher than the threshold V2 then the CPU or HMRU will check whether the motion sensor has detected the change signal. Logic gates 120 and 122 examine whether at least one other change signal has occurred in conjunction with a motion sensor change signal. The CPU tag can transmit a computerized change signal or an alarm signal to the HMRU if at least two change detection sensors emit change signals. Alternatively the CPU or HMRU may transmit an alarm or change the signal of each sensor independently and as needed. The system is then restored to a change condition 100 prior to a time interval sampling.

Thus, the system of the present invention allows the monitoring and detection of behavior of a monitored subject; and the distinction between different monitored people. As shown above, the method further includes examination signals received from a motion sensor located within a strapped tag to a monitored person's member at predetermined intervals, processing the signals to determine a pattern of motion relative to the associated behavior. with the monitored person, storing the movement pattern related to the behavior associated with the monitored person, and comparing the movement pattern by relating the behavior associated with the monitored person with a signal pattern related to the movement of the behavior. The movement signal of the stored behavior-related pattern can be stored previously or later. Such a pattern may be the basis for comparison between real-time stored signals and previously stored signals indicating a particular behavior. For example, a period where signs indicate almost no movement can be stored and defined as a period of sleep or deep sleep. The movement signal of the stored behavioral pattern may be predetermined. For example, a previously detected and recorded pattern test signal from one person can be stored and compared to another person's signal pattern test. The signals may include one or more data units; Each data unit may include the time and length of movement by the monitored person. The data unit may also include the average or median repetition rate and the total number of motions, the acceleration rate (with the help of acceleration type sensors) and the like. The behavioral pattern of motion may also be a series of data units comprising time and length of motion describing actions. For example, it can be determined that a series of data units having a particular entry comprises a specific action. The system and method of the present invention can then compare movements of the monitored person against known actions. Fig. 6th is an example for a report produced for a tag-derived local surveillance system comprising a motion sensor in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention: The report includes basic information (not shown) about the monitored person. such as the age, gender, name or identification tag and the like. In addition, the report includes a list of events recorded by the system. Such a list may comprise event time 200 indicating the time at which a particular event occurred, message 202 summarizing the event, event severity 204, and event status 206 which may indicate whether the event is new or not. similar. The following comprises an example of the status and events generated by the instrument and the method of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following example is not restrictive and does not serve to further define and describe the present invention to the person skilled in the art. At CPU 25 at 01:00 of the time of event 210 of Fig. 2 or by HMRU 13 of Fig. 1 detected low activity. Message 212 declares low client activity. Since such a declaration has not been previously declared, status 206 declares new status 215. The system declares messages according to predefined thresholds or patterns or other preprogrammed data. Each declared status is the system and / or tag status and would be as it would report. At 06:00 (220), the system declares mode 222 of the day. The mode of the day may be declared when any activity is detected after a predetermined period of low activity, it may also be declared according to the predetermined times obtained by a clock that may be added to the instrument of the present invention. At 08:00 (230) the system declares TX belt changes 232 to indicate that the cutting belt sensor has emitted a change signal. Severity is being reported as violation 237 indicating a violation of at least one of the preprogrammed parameters. The status is being counted as 239 new cases. At 09:00 (240) the system declares TX body changes 242 to indicate that the body or proximity sensor has emitted a change signal. Severity is being reported while violation 247 and status is being reported as a new status 249. At 11:00 (250), the system detected an activity below a predetermined threshold and reported no activity status 252. Since the activity status is a new severity event 259 is set to an alarm status 257 and not as just and still a violation status. After a predetermined time interval such as a few minutes another low activity detection occurs 260, and this statement can be interpreted by the system as a violation status 267. The violation status statement is set according to predetermined parameters or thresholds, pre-programmed or updated online. At 00:00 (280) the system declares night mode 282 to indicate that the person's monitored activity has decreased below a certain threshold. Status 206 declares the new event 289. At 03:00 (290) the system has detected and declares the customer's high activity status 292. Since high client activity just received is a new event 299 the severity determined is that of an alarm status 297 (not breach status). A profile change alarm may indicate that predetermined parameters such as thresholds, profile pattern tests, and the like, preprogrammed or updated online are not the same when comparing system database 112 in FIG. 5 After a predetermined time interval such as a few minutes 300 the detected activity is being compared again with the system profile database. If there is no change in the status being declared, the profile change violation status is declared 307 and the alarm is raised. Declaring the profile change violation implies that the monitored person passes the tag to a different person trying to evade the new three-change tag.

Fig. 7 is an example of a graph produced for a local surveillance system, showing the tilt number against the measurement time, derived using a Tag, comprising a motion sensor, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The number of slopes 340 is plotted against the time the monitored person is monitored. In order to distinguish between low activity, high activity, day mode, night mode a few thresholds 344, 346, 348 can be set. Threshold 1 (344) is defined as number of slopes below that no message 252 of the activity in Fig. 6 is declared. Threshold 1 should be defined so that even the low number of slopes during the low activity of the monitored person, for example during night mode, are still higher than Threshold 2 of Threshold 1. (346 ) is defined so that any number of slopes above threshold 2 implies participating in a day mode. For example at 6:00 the number of slopes is higher than threshold 2 (350) and the system is changing from night mode to day mode. The tag further monitors the subject and at 11:00 (352) the number of slopes decreases below threshold 1 (344) and the system declares low activity. After a predetermined time interval, if no activity continues the system declares the violation. After approximately one hour, the number of slopes 340 increases as time goes on. At 16:00 (354) the number of slopes is lower than threshold 2 (350) and the system is changing from a day mode to a night mode. The tag further monitors the subject and at 16:00 (356) the number of slopes decreases below threshold 1 (344) and the system declares low activity again.

Threshold 3 (348) is defined as the number of slopes above which the elevated message 292 of the activity is declared in Fig. 6. Threshold 3 should be set so that only a very high number of slopes , during a monitored person extension activity is higher than the threshold 3. It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of thresholds or other parameters may also be used in order to define the new system statement in order to define a confidential and distinct profile of a monitored person and the like. At 4:00 (358), the number of slopes is higher than threshold 3 and the system reports high activity. In addition, the system compares the slope profile to the system database 112 in Fig. 5th in order to find differences between the two. It can be appreciated by one skilled in the art that there is a difference between the profile between 0:00 and 09:00 on the left side of Fig. 7 and the profile between 0:00 and 09:00 on the right side of Fig. fig. 7. The system then declares the profile change violation status 307 as explained in fig. 6

The skilled artisan will appreciate that what has been shown is not limited to the above description. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the examples shown above are by no means limiting and are shown to enhance and adequately describe the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs will appreciate many modifications and other embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and those modifications and other embodiments are intentionally intended to be included within the scope of the invention. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to what has been shown in particular and described above. Thus, the field of the present invention is defined only by the following claims.