Method and apparatus for portable transmitting devices

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to electronic monitoring systems. Particularly the present invention relates to an improved portable transmitting device known as a tag for improving tamper-evident detection capability. The present invention furthermore relates to three manipulation resistant methods and device.

Discussion of the Related Art [0002] Electronic monitoring systems for the portable monitoring and control of moving objects, and in particular for monitoring persons, are known in the art. The benefits of using such a system in a wide range of applications in various fields are known, including protection, law enforcement, medical and many others.

[0003] In the case of a distinctive identification code, reliance on the monitoring system depends on the ability of the system to identify the person being monitored. The use of tags to monitor criminal offenders, patients such as mentally ill patients or patients with Alzheimer's or patients with infectious diseases, children and others can cause difficulties because monitored people can get rid of the tags, interrupt the operating system or transfer to another person (premeditated in the case of criminal offenders or by mistake in the case of mentally ill patients or children). The currently available tag labels are equipped with tamper detection sensors to prevent tampering with the tag. Currently available tamper detection sensors can be divided into two groups: belt cut sensor and body or proximity sensor. There are currently no other types of tampering sensors that are involved or are used in labels

EP 1719085 B1 attachments.

[0004] US Patent Nos. 5,504,474, 5,831,535 and 5,936,529 all rewritten to the current assignee disclose a tamper-resistant tag of the type described above for use in monitoring systems.

[0005] Generally known systems include sensors that detect whether the strap is binding the device to the patient's limb, whether the device is placed on the patient's skin, whether the strap attaching the device to the patient's limb has not been cut, or whether the closure member that protects the ends of the strap has not been broken. Although it is not easy to fool two sensors detecting tampering, it is possible that when the object is out of range during an unmonitored period of time (which may be allowed), the patient may remove the monitoring device and reattach the monitoring device to itself or otherwise, before entering the monitored area again, as a result of which it can avoid surveillance and commit a crime.

[0006] US 2003/0210149 Reisman generally discloses a monitoring device, such as a watch for monitoring, in a remote position, the movements and activities of persons such as dementia patients. The device is worn around the wrist of the person who is being monitored and includes a housing, a strap connected to the housing to attach the device around the wrist of the person being monitored, and a manipulation sensor to detect manipulation or removal of the device from the person's wrist. The device further contains an electronic circuit enclosed within a housing. The circuit includes a microprocessor and memory device for receiving and processing data, and a relay for periodically transferring data to a remote location. The time display coupled with the clock mechanism is mounted in the housing so that it is displayed on the front wall of the housing.

[0007] The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a new tag. Further, the present invention provides a method and system for improving monitoring of a person's behavior by using a new tag. In addition, the present invention provides benefits such as monitoring the behavior of a monitored person and warning if specific behavior is monitored when a new tag is used.

EP 1719085 B1

Summary of the present invention.

[0008] In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, it provides a tag label for use in a monitoring system, the tag label having an identification code and being housed inside a housing, tag label comprising: a power supply; at least one strap for attaching the tag to the monitored person's limb; motion sensor for determining the movement of the monitored person, wearing a tag and producing a motion sensor signal in response to said movement; a second sensor for detecting actual or attempting to remove the tag from the monitored person; a processor for received signals from a motion sensor and a second sensor; and a transmitter for transmitting signals to the remote monitoring unit. With respect to US 2003/0210149, the tag of the invention is characterized in that the processor compares the motion sensor signal with a stored motion pattern regarding the signal behavior associated with the monitored person to detect the behavior of the monitored person as the monitored person moves.

[0009] The tag according to the invention may further comprise a receiver such as a radio frequency receiver for receiving information from a remote monitoring unit, said information comprising a certain threshold for the operation of the motion sensor and the second sensor.

[0010] The motion sensor may be one of the following: tilt sensor, acceleration sensor, angle sensor, inclination sensor, position sensor.

[0011] The second sensor may be a proximity sensor to detect the presence of the limb together with the strip or strips attached to the tag. The proximity sensor can be one of the following: capacity sensor, skin or body temperature detector, skin color detector, skin or body odor sensor, heart pulse detector, SpO2 detector, skin moisture sensor, transdermal blood alcohol sensor.

[0012] The second sensor could be a strip cut sensor to detect that at least one strip has been manipulated. Manipulation may involve cutting or removing the strip.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present invention, it provides a method

Monitoring and detecting the behavior of a person by means of a monitored person wearing a tag as part of a monitoring system comprising a remote monitoring unit, tag having a motion sensor for determining the movement of the monitored person and a second sensor for detecting actual or attempted removal of the tag from the monitored person, method includes the following: generating a motion sensor signal in response to the movement of the monitored person; periodically controlled motion sensor signal, motion sensor signal processing; sending a signal to the remote monitoring unit. With reference to US 2003/0210149, the method of the invention is characterized in that the motion sensor signal is compared to a stored pattern of motion signals associated with the movement of the monitored person to detect the behavior of the monitored person as the movement of the monitored person.

[0014] The method of the invention may further comprise determining whether at least the motion sensor and the second sensor transmit signals indicative of tampering with the monitoring system or tag.

[0015] According to a third aspect of the present invention, it provides a monitoring system for monitoring people, a system comprising: at least one tag; and remote monitoring team; where this or each tag has an identification code and is enclosed in a housing and includes: power supply; at least one strap for holding the tag on the limb of the monitored person; motion sensor for determining the movement of a person wearing a tag and generating a motion sensor signal in response to that movement; a second sensor for detecting actual or attempted removal of the tag from a person; processor for received signals from the motion sensor and the second sensor; and a transmitter for transmitting signals from the internal processing unit to the remote monitoring unit. With reference to US 2003/0210149, the method of the invention is characterized in that the motion sensor signal is compared to a stored pattern of behavior signal regarding the movement associated with the monitored person to detect the monitored person's behavior as the monitored person's movement.

EP 1719085 B1

Summary of the drawings [0016] The present invention will be understood and more fully recognized by a detailed description in connection with the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is an illustration depicting the system in which the devices and method of the present invention operate.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the main components of the tag, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3A is an example of an illustrative representation and diagram of a belt cut sensor, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3B is an example of an illustrative representation and diagram of a body or proximity sensor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an example of an illustrative representation of a motion sensor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the main activities of tag control according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an example of a local monitoring system presenting a report, calculated using an tag containing a motion sensor, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an example of a local monitoring system showing a diagram showing the amount of deflection in relation to the measurement time calculated from the use of an tag containing a motion sensor in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

A detailed description of your preferred character.

[0017] The present invention relates to portable transmitting devices, known as tags, mainly used as part of electronic monitoring systems. A typical monitoring system includes a plurality of portable transmitting devices, known as tags (one or more fixed or mobile), a local monitoring unit and a central monitoring base. The tag is a device worn by

A monitored person; the tag is capable of transmitting and receiving signals from a local monitoring team. Each tag has an identification code. The identification code may be a unique code specific to the person with whom the tag is attached so that the person can be identified distinctively. Alternatively, the identification code may be a code typical of a certain group. A portable tag is usually wrapped around the limb of the person being monitored. Currently, tags have a processor (CPU) that allows programming of the use of the tag in relation to various parameters to meet the requirements of the person to whom the tag is attached. So, parameters such as measurement frequency, measurement transmission time, monitored time, allowable and prohibited areas, thresholds for sending manipulation signal and the like can be selected according to specific needs. The tag periodically transmits appropriate signals, including the tag identification code and the tag information. These signals are to be received by one or more local monitoring teams, where they are processed and freely reported to a centrally monitoring base. The tamper signal is used, in the context of this invention, to indicate an attempt to remove or remove a tag from a person or attempt to remove or remove a receiver from its place or to attempt to remove or remove any part of the tag from a tag or receiver from a receiver. In the context of the present invention, attempting also means that any part of the monitoring system including, but not limited to, the tag, receiver or connection between them has been disturbed, interrupted, interfered with, or the like. In the context of personal monitoring, manipulation may mean any action that is specified or any exception or deviation from a particular behavior or behavioral principles, including any deviation from a behavioral pattern or the like. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the use of the word manipulation is intended in the widest possible manner to achieve the purpose of the present invention as illustrated in the drawings and accompanying description.

EP 1719085 B1 [0018] The present invention includes a new and novel tag. The tag includes a motion sensor in combination with at least one additional tamper detection sensor, which is not a motion detection sensor. The combination of a tamper detection sensor and another tamper detection sensor significantly improves tamper detection capabilities. A typical portable transmission device in which the new present invention can be used includes a power supply, housing, CPU or microprocessor, belt, RF transmitter and at least two tamper detection sensors where one of them is not a motion sensor. The strap cut sensor and the body or proximity sensor are two examples of a tamper detection sensor that may not be used as a motion sensor in conjunction with the present invention, therefore, the combination of a motion sensor used as a tamper detection sensor in conjunction with another tamper evident mechanism improves tamper detection. tag. The present invention further provides a new method for monitoring and detecting the behavior of the monitored person by using a new tag. Using a motion sensor as a tamper detection sensor improves tamper detection. For example, detecting the lack of movement from a motion sensor suggests that the tag was removed from the monitored person without being detected by other means. Alternatively, if the person did not move at all, suggesting that the monitored person may be incapacitated; the tag of the present invention provides guidance by using a motion sensor when current tampering sensors would not do so.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to record and store the movement pattern of the monitored person to distinguish between different monitored people and to use it in a similar way as a fingerprint. To monitor and detect patterns and behaviors of monitored people, an additional motion sensor as well as its monitoring and monitoring capabilities could probably prevent attempts to outwit the currently available tamper-evident means.

[0020] Fig. 1 illustratively illustrates the system in which the devices and method operate

EP 1719085 B1 according to the present invention. A typical transmitting tag, such as tag 12 (described in detail in Fig. 2), worn by a monitored person 10, transmitting signals to a monitoring assembly such as a remote site monitoring unit (HMRU) 13. Tag 20 can be used as disclosed in US Patent Nos. 5,504,474, 5,831,535 and 5,936,529 incorporated herein by reference. Tag 12 is capable of transmitting signals to various monitoring devices such as a mobile assembly (MU), pager, site monitoring assembly, personal tracking system (PLS), or any other monitoring assembly. HMRU 13 and similar devices transmit a signal to the central monitoring unit 15 to receive, either via wireless communication such as RF antenna 14, or through conventional communication lines (wired or wireless) such as telephone lines 16, cable TV, WAN, LAN and the like , for further processing.

[0021] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the main components of an tag, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Tag 12 in Fig. 1 includes a power supply 24, CPU or microprocessor 25, RF relay 26, motion detection sensor 23 and at least one other tamper detection sensor, such as belt cut sensor 21, body or proximity sensor 22 and the like. In other words, the tag may include one or more motion sensor 21 and one or more strap intersection sensor 21. Alternatively, the tag may include one or more motion sensor 21 and one or more body or proximity sensor 22. Operating principles set out in detail in Fig. .3A are an example of a belt cut sensor 21, the operating principles described in detail in Fig. 3B are an example of a body or proximity sensor 22. The proximity sensor is designed to detect the presence of a limb embedded in the adhesive label strips. One proximity sensor contemplated by the present invention is a proximity sensor designed to detect the capacity carried by the body of the monitored person. Capacitance is determined by detecting the existence of a dielectric substance (such as the human body) between two capacitor electrodes that are part of a capacitance manipulation sensor. Such a capacitance sensor could rather indicate a change in

EP 1719085 B1 and provide an alarm when the capacity drops below or exceeds a certain threshold. The body proximity sensor may also include a temperature sensor, skin color sensor, optical sensor, odor reading sensor identifying molecules or a sensor determining body resistance inside the strap, heart rate sensor or SpO2. The strap cut sensor is designed to detect attempts to cut or tear off any of the straps attached to the tag. The strap cut sensor also detects the removal of each strap while the tag still remains on the body. The belt cut sensor is preferably a belt cut sensor as described in US Patent No. 5,504,474 issued April 2, 1996. Other belt cut sensors can be fully utilized by the present invention. This one strip cut sensor can be a sensor that detects a low current in the strip while such current is constantly circulating through the strip. An example for the principles of operation of the motion sensor 23 is detailed in Fig. 4. Each tamper detection sensor sends independent signals to the CPU 25 tag for processing. The CPU 25 periodically forwards appropriate signals, including the tag identification code and sensor data signals to a remote monitoring assembly (not shown). The CPU 25 is programmable by the action of the tag with respect to various parameters to meet the specific requirements of the person to whom the tag is attached. Therefore, parameters such as the selection of break samples, break transmission data, periods of monitored time, parameters of various manipulations and restrictions, permitted and prohibited places and the like can be selected according to specific needs. Each of the three tamper detection sensors, strap cut 21, body 22 and robbery 23 send signals continuously or when needed for the CPU 25. CPU 25 compares each signal to a specific threshold or checks for signal parameters such as the pause time between passing a certain threshold, the amount of time passing through a threshold and the like to determine tamper detection for each sensor. The CPU 25 then transmits tampering detection to the remote monitoring assembly (not shown) using relay 26. The remote monitoring assembly, e.g. HMRU 13 in Fig. 1, further processes the information received from all sensors and decides

EP 1719085 B1 whether there has been an attempt to circumvent tampering detection. Alternatively, the reception of the tamper signal received by the CPU 25 from the motion sensor 23, in addition to at least one other tamper signal received from the belt cut sensor 21 or from the body sensor or proximity sensor 22, causes the CPU to transmit the counted tamper signal to the HMRU in Fig. 1. The counted tamper signal may include an indication of the tamper alert as well as the identification of the tag from which the alert is being sent. The tag through the CPU performs signal interpretation and determines which decisions should be made based on specific rules and sends an alert when generated and other data. When the tag makes a specific decision or interpretation of the received signal, or when an alarm should be generated, the tag can also send all information to the receiver assembly or a remote location. The counted manipulation signal may later be forwarded by HMRU13 via conventional communication lines as described in Fig. 1 to the central monitoring base for further processing and operations. A single tamper signal received by the CPU 25 from the motion sensor 23, without other signals from one of the other tamper detection sensors, will not cause the CPU 25 to transmit the tamper signal, but will transmit another specific signal. For example, a signal of high activity of prisoners during rest time, suggesting tunnel excavation, illegal assembly and the like. Another example of a different specific signal may be, for example, a low activity signal received from an elderly person in a day care medical program, suggesting that the monitored person may be incapacitated or freezing during a cold day and the like. In addition, when the security personnel are asleep or exhausted during operation, their behavior that is not adapted to standard requirements can be detected using a new tag having a motion sensor by comparing to specific behavior profiles. In addition, simply reading the tag motion sensor can show no movement due to lower activity of that person. A tag or other remote system as such can determine that the person is not moving enough to perform their duties. Fig. 3 illustrates examples of illustrative representation and diagram of the belt cut sensor,

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The strip cutting sensor 30 includes two strips 31, a housing 34 and an electrical circuit (not shown). The first strip has a free end 36 and an end that is attached to the structure 38. The first strip also includes a first portion of the electrical circuit 32 and a plurality of longitudinally arranged pairs of holes of the first strip (not shown). The second strip has a free end 40 and an end that is attached to the housing 42, the second strip also includes a second portion of the electrical circuit 32 being electrically connected to the first portion of the electrical circuit through the housing 33 and at least two pairs of longitudinally arranged strip holes corresponding to the holes of the first strip (not shown). The second strip further comprises at least one pair of contacts 46 corresponding to the holes of the first strip, each of the contacts electrically connected to one end of the circuit, the contacts are arranged between the holes of the second strip. These two strips are connected together by a mechanical and electrical connection and closing means to secure the housing around the limb of the monitored patient to form a circuit with resistivity that is electrically unbroken except when the circuit is electrically open close to the free end of the second strip. The resistivity of R1 44 is measured constantly at certain time intervals (e.g. every few microseconds) by measuring the voltage V 48 falling between the pair of contacts 46 of the second strip. The measured voltage as a function of the increase in test time until a certain level of 52 is reached. In the absence of tampering, the voltage will remain between V1 and V2 until the next test cycle.

[0022] Fig. 3B is an example of an illustrative representation and diagram of a body or proximity sensor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The body or proximity sensor 60 includes two straps 31, a housing 34 and an electrical circuit (not shown). Two strips have a free end 36 and 40 and an end that is attached to housing 36 and 40. In addition, two strips are connected to electrical circuit 64. These two strips are connected together by mechanical and electrical connection and closing means to secure the housing around the limb of the object being monitored to form a circuit with R2 resistivity. Electrical circuit 64 is grounded in

EP 1719085 B1 with reference to the power supply 24 in Fig. 2 while another part of the electric circuit 62 located in the housing 34 is electrically insulated from the electric circuit 64. The electric circuit (not shown) includes a standard oscillator to convert the measured capacitance between the electric circuit 64 and electrical circuit 62. A frequency counter (part of an electrical circuit that is not shown) is used to determine the electrical capacity. A specialist in the field would identify the low number of pulses as low capacity and the high number of pulses as high capacity. Similarly, the capacity of the C68 belt cut sensor is constantly measured at certain time intervals (e.g. every few microseconds) by counting the number of pulses that are counted by the frequency counter. Capacitance measurement 68 is achieved as a function of increasing trial time up to a fixed level of 70. In the absence of manipulation, the capacity will be reached above C1 until the next test cycle. In the event that the monitored person manipulated the strip, for example, cuts or removes the strip, the capacity would not reach C1 70. In the case of cutting or removing the strip when the tag is present in an electrically conductive environment, such as a conductive solution, the electrical capacity would further increase above C1 72. In summary, if the capacity does not reach the assumed level of C1 70, after a certain time, the body or proximity sensor will send a manipulation signal to the CPU 25 in Fig. 2.

[0023] It will be readily recognized by one of skill in the art that other types of body or proximity sensors such as body or skin temperature sensor, skin color sensor, body or skin odor sensor and the like can also be used.

[0024] Fig. 4 is an example of an illustrative representation of a motion sensor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The motion sensor is a detector that has the ability to detect the movements of the monitored person to which the motion sensor is attached. It will be readily recognized by one of skill in the art that tilt sensors, acceleration sensors, angle sensor, inclination sensors, position sensors and the like can be used separately as motion sensors.

[0025] The motion sensor may be CW 1620-3 or a tilt sensor manufactured by Compus Group companies composed of Assemtech Europe Limited, E. Bachem GmbH, W. Gunther GmbH, Gunther Belgium, Gunther France,

STG Motion sensor can also be an ADXL202 / ADXL210 acceleration sensor manufactured by Analog Devices Inc. from the USA. A person skilled in the art will readily recognize that any combination of two sensors of the same type contained together, or at least two different sensors contained together, can be used as a motion sensor. A simple, relatively cheap, motion sensor with low energy consumption is a tilt sensor. The tilt sensor 78 comprises an electrically conductive outer surface of the ball disposed in a sealed tube 80, preferably a vacuum filled inside with a gas such as nitrogen or the like. The two conductive ends of the tube 84 are connected to the electrodes 92. The tube body 80 is grounded and electrically insulated 82 from the conductive ends of the tube 84. The deflection sensor 78 also includes an electrical circuit comprising resistivity R3 94 and power supply 96. The conductive ball 86 can touch one of the conductive ends of the tube 84 or can be positioned 88 without touching the conductive ends of the tube 84. If the conductive ball 86 touches one of the conductive ends 84, the coupled electrode 92 is grounded. If the conductive ball 88 does not touch one of the conductive ends 84, the coupled electrode 92 receives an energy supply of 96. Measuring the voltage of the electrodes 92 over time would change the grounding according to the number of moves of the conductive ball 88 from the center of the tube 80 to the position where the conductive ball 86 touches one of the conductive ends 84. When the monitored patient moves the tilt sensor, the conductive ball 88 also moves, causing changes voltages measured on electrodes 92.

[0026] Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the main activities of inspecting the tag, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The tamper signal 100 is an indication of no tampering. The system initiates independently, by using the clock 102, all manipulation sensors that are in the tag, checks its signals within specified intervals. The motion sensor signal is checked in step 106. The signal is later further compared by the CPU in Fig. 2 or by the HMRU

EP 1719085 B1 in Fig. 1 with defined thresholds 110, to decide if the signal corresponds to specific criteria of violence. Alternatively, the motion sensor 23 in Fig. 2 updates and compares the signal with a database 112, which is updated on a regular basis or can be pre-programmed. The motion sensor signal is then further processed to cause regardless of whether a tamper violation or violation of the alarm 116 has occurred. If not, the CPU 25 in Fig. 2 is updated. If so, the CPU or HMRU later verifies that at least one of the other sensors has detected a tamper signal.

[0027] The body or proximity sensor signal is checked in step 104 to compare the signal by the CPU 25 in Fig. 2 or by the HMRU 13 in Fig. 1 with the specified thresholds 114. If the measurement signal reaches a certain threshold 70 in Fig. 3B, the CPU 25 in Fig. 2 is updated. If the measured signal does not reach the threshold, the CPU or HMRU then checks if the motion sensor has detected a tamper signal.

[0028] The belt cut sensor signal is checked in proceeding 108 to compare the voltage signal 48 in Fig. 3A by the CPU 25 in Fig. 2 of certain thresholds 118. The threshold can be programmed and changed and passed to the tag when necessary. If the measured signal after a certain time reaches a certain level 52 in Fig. 3A between two defined thresholds, the CPU 25 in Fig. 2 is updated. If the measured voltage is less than the smaller V1 threshold or higher than the V2 CPU or HMRU threshold then it checks if the motion sensor has not detected a tampering signal. Logic gates 120 and 122 check if at least one tamper signal occurred in conjunction with the tamper signal from the motion sensor. The tag label CPU can send a counted tamper signal or alarm signal to the HMRU if at least two tamper detection sensors send tamper signals. Alternatively, the CPU or HMRU can relay an alarm or tamper signal from each sensor independently as needed. The system is then reset to a state that precludes tampering 100 before the new test interval time.

[0029] In this way, the system of the present invention allows monitoring and detecting the behavior of the monitored person and distinguishing between different monitored people. As outlined above, the method further comprises

EP 1719085 B1 control signals received from a motion sensor placed inside a tag attached to the limb of a monitored person at specified intervals, processing the signals to determine a motion pattern regarding the behavior associated with the monitored person, storing a motion pattern regarding the behavior associated with the monitored person, and comparing the motion pattern regarding behavior associated with the monitored person with preserved movement regarding the behavior of the signal pattern. Stored traffic regarding a behavioral signal pattern may be accumulated sooner or later. Such a pattern can be the basis for comparison between signals collected in real time and previously collected signals that indicate detailed behavior. For example, the time when the signal indicates little or no movement can be accumulated and defined as the time of sleep or deep sleep. Accumulated traffic regarding the behavioral signal pattern can be determined. For example, a previously detected and recorded signal pattern from one person may be collected and compared with a signal pattern from another person. The signals may contain one or more data units; each data unit may contain the time and length of movement of the monitored person. The data unit may also contain average or median repetition frequencies and total number of motions, acceleration of frequency (using acceleration sensors) and the like. The behavioral pattern may also be a series of data units containing the time and length of movement of the described activities. For example, it can be determined that a number of data units have specific input containing a particular activity. The system and method of the present invention may then compare the movement of the monitored person compared to known operation.

[0030] Fig. 6 is an example of a local monitoring system producing a report, calculated using an tag, including a motion sensor, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The report contains basic information (not shown) about the monitored person, such as age, gender, name or tag label identification and the like. In addition, the report contains a list of events saved by the system. Such a list may contain an event time of 200 that indicates the time at which an event occurred,

A message 202 summarizing the event, the severity of the event 204 of this event and the event 206 of this event which may indicate whether the event is new or not and similar. The next contains an example of statuses and events generated by the devices and method of the present invention. One skilled in the art will recognize that the following example is not limiting and serves to better explain and describe the present invention for one of skill in the art. Low activity was detected during the 01:00 (210) CPU 25 event in Figure 2 or by HMRU 13 in Figure 1. Message 212 declares low customer activity. As such a declaration has not been previously declared, status 206 declares a new status 215. The system declares messages according to specific thresholds or patterns or another programmed database. Each status declared is the status of the system and / or tag and will be so reported. At 6:00 (220) the system declares day mode 222. Day mode can be declared when a certain activity was detected after a certain period of low activity, and can also be detected according to specific times obtained from a clock device that can be attached to the devices of the present invention. At 8:00 (230), the system declares TX to manipulate belt 232 to indicate that the belt cut sensor has sent a manipulation signal. Seriousness is reported as violation 237 indicating violation of at least one of the preprogrammed parameters. The status is reported as new 239. At 09:00 (240), the system declares TX body manipulation 242 to indicate that the body or proximity sensor has sent a manipulation signal. Seriousness is reported as a 247 violation and status is reported as a new 249 status. At 11:00 (250), the system detected activity below the programmed threshold and declared inactivity status 252. As inactivity status is a new event 259, the severity of the state is defined as alarm status 257 and not as violation status yet. After a specified pause time, such as several minutes, other 260 low activity detection occurs, and this declaration can be interpreted by the system as a violation of status 267. The status declaration violation is defined in accordance with specific parameters or thresholds, programmed or directly updated. At 00:00 (280) the system declares night mode 282 to indicate that the monitored person is active

EP 1719085 B1 has fallen below a certain threshold. Status 206 declares a new event 289. At 03:00 (290), the system detected and declared the status of high client activity 292. As the high client activity just received is a new event 299 the specified severity of the state is alarm state 297 (and not violation status). The alarm change profile may indicate that certain parameters such as thresholds, profile patterns and the like, programmed or directly updated are not the same when compared with the system database 112 in Fig. 5. After specifying break times such as 300 minutes, the detected activity is again compared to the database profile system. If there is no change in the declared status, the profile change violation status is declared 307 and the alarm is raised. Declaration of violation of the profile change implies that the monitored person gives the tag to another person trying to cheat the three manipulators of the new tag.

[0031] Fig. 7 is an example of a local monitoring showing a diagram showing the amount of deflection in relation to the measurement time calculated from the use of an tag containing a motion sensor in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The number of deflections 340 is plotted as a function of the time during which the monitored person is monitored. To distinguish between low activity, high activity, daytime mode, nighttime mode and the like, thresholds 344,346,348 can be defined. Threshold 1 (344) is defined as the number of wobbles below which the 252 inactivity message in Fig. 6 is declared. The threshold 1 should be set so that even a small number of oscillations during low activity of the monitored person, e.g. during night mode, will still be higher than threshold 1. Threshold 2 (346) is determined such that any number of deflections above threshold 2 suggests entering day mode. For example, at 6:00 the number of swings is higher than threshold 2 (350) and the system is changed from night mode to day mode. The tag further monitors the person and at 11:00 (352) the number of deflections increases below threshold 1 (344) and the system declares low activity. After a specified break time, if the activity is not continued, the system declares a violation. After about 1 hour, the number of deflections 340 increases with time. At 16:00 (354) the number of deflections is lower than threshold 2 (350) and the system changes from day mode to

EP 1719085 B1 at night. The tag further monitors the person and at 16:00 (356) the number of deflections increases below threshold 1 (344) and the system again declares low activity.

[0032] Threshold 3 (348) is defined as the number of wobbles above which the high activity message 292 in Fig. 6 is declared. Threshold 3 should be defined so that only a very high number of deflections, during the range of activity of the monitored person, should be higher than threshold 3. It will be readily recognized by a person skilled in the art that other types of thresholds or other parameters can also be used to define a new system declaration, and to define the private and distinguishable profile of the monitored person and the like. At 4:00 (358) the number of deflections is higher than threshold 3 and the system declares high activity. In addition, the system compares the swing profile to the system database 112 in Fig. 5 to find the differences between the two. It is easily seen by a person skilled in the art that there are differences between the profile between 0:00 and 9:00 on the left side of Fig.7 with the profile between 0:00 and 9:00 on the right side of Fig.7. The system then declares the violation status of the 307 profile change as explained in Fig. 6.

[0033] A person skilled in the art will recognize that what has been shown is not limited to the above description. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the examples shown herein in no way limit and are shown for a better and adequate description of the present invention. Those skilled in the art with whom this invention is associated will recognize many modifications and other forms of the invention. It will be obvious that the present invention is not limited to the specific form disclosed and these modifications and other forms are intended to be included within the scope of this invention. Although specific terms are used here, they are used in a general and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation. One skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to what has been specifically shown and described above. Rather, the scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims that follow.

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EP 1 719 085B1