Hybrid drill bit

Technical field The present invention relates generally to drilling tools for drilling in the ground, and in particular to a drilling tool having a combined rotary and fixed bits of a drilling tool and cutting elements as further described in the independent claims.

2. Description of related field [0002] The success of rotary drilling has enabled the discovery of deep oil and gas fields and the production of enormous amounts of crude oil. Rotary rock drilling tools constituted an important invention that made success in the field of rotary drilling possible. Earlier cutting and impact drills on an industrial scale could drill soft earthworks, but a two-headed rock drill developed by Howard R. Hughes, US Patent No. 930,759, pierced the rock deposit at Spindletop, near Beaumont, Texas, with relative ease . During the first decade of the last century this strange invention was able to drill a small fragment of depth and at a speed comparable to modern rotary bite bits. Hughes' original drilling tool drilled for hours, modern drilling tools drilled for a few days. Modern drills sometimes drill through thousands of feet instead of just a few. Many improvements have contributed to the impressive improvements in the rotary grits.

[0003] When drilling boreholes in earth formations using rotary-conical and rotary-boring drills, bite augers having one, two, or three rotating bits of auger mounted on them rotatably have been used. The borer is mounted to the lower end of the drill pipe with keystones which is driven from the surface or through a deep engine or turbine. The drill bits mounted on the auger rotate and slide over the bottom of the borehole while the drill pipe with the keystones is rotated, thereby penetrating and shredding the formation material, which is then removed for removal. Rotary bit bits have cutting or tooth elements that penetrate into the bottom of the bore hole under the weight of the drill pipe with keystones and then perform gouging.

[0004] The rotary bit bits dominated in the drilling of oil wells throughout much of the 20th century. With the improvements in synthetic diamond technology that occurred in the 70's and 80's, it became a bite worm or a "drag" worm, it became popular again in the second half of the twentieth century. Contemporary fixed-cutter fixed-cutter bits are often called "diamond" or "PDC" drills (polycrystalline diamond compact) and are very far from the original borers cutting the 19th and early 20th centuries. Diamond or PDC drills include cutting elements comprising polycrystalline diamond layers or "coatings" shaped into or connected to a supportive support, typically of sintered tungsten carbide, wherein the cutting elements are arranged at selected locations on the wings or other elements of the blade body with diamond coatings directed substantially in the direction of rotation of the bit. Diamond bits have an advantage over rotating cutting bits because they basically do not have moving parts. The mechanics and dynamics of drilling with diamond drills are different to those of rotary saws because they do not have any moving parts. During drilling, diamond drills are used in a similar manner as for rotary cutting augers, wherein the diamond widgets are rotated in a formation drilled under a weight applied to the drill to remove the formation material. Toothing between diamond cutting elements, with the bottom of the borehole and sides cut and take the material from the formation, instead of crumbling it as it happens in rotary and bite drillters. Each of the spin-bite and diamond widgets has special applications for which they are more suitable than for others; however, no type of widower can completely replace another in the near future.

[0005] Some rods use a combination of one or more rotatable cutting paths and one or more fixed wings. Some of these types of drill tool connections are called hybrid widgets. Previous designs of hybrid designs, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,343,371 to Baker, III, have rotary-bite saws for making most of the formation drills, in particular from the center of the bore or bit. Other types of drill bits are known as "core bits", such as in US Pat. No. 4,006,788 to Garner. Core crowns usually have a conical swivel bit bits that do not extend into the inside of the bit and are designed to remove the core sample of the formation by drilling downwards,

Another type of hybrid auger is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,695,019 to Shamburger, Jr., in which the rotary bits of the fork extend almost completely inside. The inserts 50 of the fixed bit bits (Figures 2 and 3) are placed in the dome region or in the "fork" of the tube to complete the removal of the drilled formation. Yet another type of hybrid auger is sometimes referred to as a "reamer", an example of which is described in US Patent No. 6,527,066. A reamer has a threaded cutter that extends axially beyond the rotary bit bits for attaching a pilot drill that can be a rotating bit or drill bit cutting bit. In the last two cases, the agent is cut using the fixed bit of cutting bit,

[0007] The goal of all drills is stable operation. The bite and rotary bite bits have different dynamic properties when drilling a borehole, and therefore the different characteristics of the borer contribute to stable or unstable operation. In a stable configuration, the borer drills substantially around its geometrical center, which corresponds to the axial center of the borehole, and the drill and its cutting elements avoid lateral or other dynamic loads. Stabilizing inserts may be used to increase the contact area between the bit body and the side walls of the borehole, contributing to stable operation. Such stabilizing inserts can be effective in saw blades, but they can properly contribute to unstable work in the rotary-breeze auger because the point of contact between the insert and the side wall of the bore hole becomes the instantaneous center of rotation of the bit, causing the auger to move away from the center. Commonly assigned Pessier et al. U.S. Patent Nos. 4,953,641 and 5,996,731 disclose the arrangement of a stabilizing insert for rotary-bite augers, free from defects in the stabilizing inserts. None of the above disclosures of "hybrid" augers indicates the issue of stable work. 731 disclose the arrangement of a stabilizing insert for rotary-bite augers, free from defects in the stabilizing inserts. None of the above disclosures of "hybrid" augers indicates the issue of stable work. 731 disclose the arrangement of a stabilizing insert for rotary-bite augers, free from defects in the stabilizing inserts. None of the above disclosures of "hybrid" augers indicates the issue of stable work.

[0008] Drills for drilling in the ground including a combination of rotatable and fixed bits ś widra are known from Japanese dossier No. 2001 159289 A and American dossier No. 2,297,157 A, which further discloses a stabilizer extending radially adjacent to a fixed grinder 20 against the bore of the dilator. 17. Furthermore, the provision of stabilizers in combination with rotary bits of a bit is known from US 2002/0092684 A1 and US 6,116,357 A

[0009] Although each of these drills is useful in a limited number of applications, it would be desirable to have an advanced ground drill borer with advanced stabilization to improve drilling performance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0010] Embodiments of the present invention include an improved hybrid ground drilling tool. One embodiment includes a drill tool body configured in its upper part to connect in a drilling pipe with keystones. At least one fixed wing extends downwardly from the drill body, and has a radially outermost measuring surface. A plurality of solid cutting elements are fixed on fixed wings, preferably in a row on their rotatably guided edge, and the radially outermost cutting elements on the radially outermost surface of the fixed wing define the diameter of the drill tool and bore hole. At least one rivet of the drill tool is attached to the body of the drill tool and the rotary bite of the bit is secured to rotate in the claw of the drilling tool. At least one stabilizer insert is disposed between the periphery of the drill tool and the fixed wing, the stabilizer insert extending radially outwardly to the principal measuring surface.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the stabilizer insert is formed entirely of fixed wings and extends towards the foot of the drill tool in a rotatably directed direction.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the drill tool leg extends radially outwardly to the principal measuring surface and stabilizer insert, the measurement surface of each fixed wing, and a portion of the drill tool leg extends to the measurement surface together, describes a circumference segment a borehole that corresponds to an angle of 180 degrees or more.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each stabilizing insert has a same area.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there may be a plurality of fixed wings and fingers of a drill tool and associated rotary bits of a bit.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radial outer surface of the drill bit and stationary wings are connected or shaped inseparably to define the stabilizer insert.

[0016] Other elements and advantages of an embodiment of a ground drilling tool of the present invention will be better understood with reference to the drawings and detailed description of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To achieve and understand in more detail how the elements and advantages of the present invention, which will be more clearly understood, a more detailed description of an embodiment of the invention may be required which is briefly summarized above with reference to its embodiments, which are illustrated in the attached drawings, and which form part of this description. It should be noted, however, that the drawings only show some embodiments of the invention and thus can not be regarded as limiting its scope, since the invention may be admitted to other equally preferred embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a ground-drilling hy- draulic drilling tool constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of an embodiment of the ground drilling hy- draulic drill of Fig. 1 constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the ground drill hy- draulic drilling tool in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 4 shows a bottom view of an embodiment of the ground drilling hybride tool of Fig. 3 constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a side view of an embodiment of the ground drill hy- draulic drilling tool in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a bottom view of an embodiment of the ground drill hy- draulic drill of Fig. 5 constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a side view of another embodiment of the ground drill hy- draulic drilling tool in accordance with the present invention; and Fig. 8 is a bottom view of an embodiment of the ground drilling hybride drill of Fig. 7 constructed in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0018] With reference to Figs. 1 to 8, and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, a drilling tool 11 for drilling in the ground is disclosed in accordance with the shown embodiment of the present invention. The drilling tool 11 includes a drill bit body 13 having a central longitudinal axis 15 which defines an axial center of the drill bit body 13. In the embodiment shown, the drill bit body 13 is steel, but it may be such that the matrix material is shaped with steel reinforcements, or a sintered carbide material. The drill tool body 13 includes at its upper or rear end a threaded or otherwise shaped shank for connection to a hollow drill pipe (not shown),

[0019] At least one (two are shown) the drill bit 17 extends downwardly from the body 13 of the drilling tool in the axial direction. The drill body 13 has a plurality of (e.g., two shown) stationary wings 19 that extend downward in the axial direction. The number of legs 17 of the drilling tool and the stationary wings 19 is at least one, but also possibly more than two. In the embodiment shown, both the drill bit 17 (and the associated rotary bits of the drill) and the fixed wings 19 are not directly opposite each other (the paws are spaced apart from about 191 degrees and the wings about 169 degrees measured in the direction of the rotational movement) drilling tool 11). Other spacing and spacing of the paws 17 and wings 19 may be appropriate.

[0020] The rotary bite of the drill 21 is mounted on a sealed radial bead that is part of each of the shanks 17 of the drilling tool. According to the embodiment of the invention, the rotational axis of each rotary bit of the bit intersects with the axial center 15 of the drilling tool. An unsealed plug or sealed or unsealed rotating bearing element can be used in addition to seal the radial bearing. The radially outermost surface of each rotary slit 21 of the drill bit (commonly referred to as the measuring surface of the strawber rod in a conventional rotary bite and drill bit) is spaced slightly radially inwardly from the outer measuring surface of the drill body 13, but the radially outermost surfaces of the drill tool legs may extend to the full measurement diameter (typically within 0.127-0.635 cm (0.050-0.250 inch) of the full measurement diameter) so that the drill chuck contacts the side wall of the borehole during the drilling operation, supporting the stabilization of the drilling tool during the drilling operation. The radially outermost surface of each of the shafts 17 of the drill tool can be so withdrawn from the full measurement diameter, which in this case results in less stabilization or lack thereof. In the embodiment shown, the pivoting rotary knives do not have any slants or angles and displacements, that the axis of rotation of each rotary slit 21 of the fork intersects with the axial center (center axis) 15 of the drill body 13. Alternatively, the rotary cutters 21 of the drill may have inclinations and / or displacements to induce a displacement of the rotary bands 21 of the drill rod, while these rotate at the bottom of the borehole.

[0021] At least one (many are shown) of the cutting elements of the rotating bit bore is arranged on the rotary bands 21 of the fork in substantially peripheral rows. The cutting elements of the rotary bit bite need not be arranged in rows, but instead can be "irregularly" placed on each rotary bite 21 of the drill bit. Furthermore, the cutting elements of the rotary slice may take the form of one or more discs or "cogging rings", which may also be referred to as cutting elements of the rotary gripper.

[0022] Tungsten carbide inserts are shown, fixed by interference fit to the openings in the rotating bit bore 21, but in some applications milled or steel teeth of the drill bit having hardened cutting elements (25) inseparable and protruding may be used. from the rotary slice of a fork and the term "cutting elements of a rotating bite of a bit" as used herein includes such teeth. The inserts or cutting elements may be formed into auger shape as shown, conically, round or ovally, or other shapes and combinations of shapes depending on the application. The cutting elements of the rotary gripper may be formed or coated with a super-abrasive or super hard material such as a polycrystalline diamond, regular boron nitride, and the like.

[0023] In addition, a plurality of cutting elements of the fixed wing are arranged in a row and fixed to each of the fixed wings 19 at their rotating rubbing edges (the advancing wings are defined in the direction of rotation of the drill tool 11). Each of the cutting elements of the stationary wing comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer or a coating on the front of the rotatingly supporting tungsten carbide substrate, the diamond layer or coating forming a cutting face having a cutting edge on its periphery for bonding to the formation. The radially outermost cutting elements 31 on the radially outermost surface of each of the stationary wings 19 define the diameter of the drill tool and borehole (shown in outline in Fig.

In addition to the cutting elements of the stationary wing (and spare cutting elements 33) comprising polycrystalline diamond coatings fixed on a tungsten carbide substrate, the term as used herein includes thermally stable polycrystalline diamond (TSP) plates or coatings deposited on substrates tungsten carbide, and other similar superabrasive or superhard materials such as regular boron nitride and diamond-like carbon. The cutting elements of the stationary wings can be soldered on hard or otherwise secured in the seats or "sockets" on each wing 19 so that their peripheral or cutting edges on the cutting heads are directed to the formation.

[0025] The upper, radially outermost (measured) surface of each fixed wing 19 is stretched to the full measurement diameter (typically within 0.127-0.635 cm (0.050-0.250 inch) of the full measurement diameter) and acts as a stabilizer. This surface may have a plurality of flattened inserts 41 that may or may not be formed with relatively sharp cutting edges. The inserts 41 without sharp cutting edges act as a protective layer against wear of the upper part of each fixed leaf. With sharp cutting edges, as disclosed in commonly issued U.S. Patent Nos. 5,287,936,

5,346,026, 5,467,836, 5,655,612, and 6,050,354, the inserts 41 assist in reaming and maintaining the borehole's measuring diameter. The inserts 41 can be formed only from tungsten carbide or other hard metal, or in combination with a polycrystalline or synthetic or natural diamond or other superabrasive material. Preferred, but not necessary, are superabrasive materials if the inserts 41 are provided with sharp cutting edges for actively cutting the side walls of the borehole. The inserts may be hard-soldered or press-fitted, or otherwise conventionally attached to fixed wings 19 (and may also be provided on the radially outermost surfaces of the drill bit 17).

According to the shown embodiment, at least one part of at least one attached cutting element 31 is placed close to or in the axial center 15 of the drill body 13 and thus arranged to remove the formation material in the axial center of the borehole (usually, an axial center the drilling tool will generally coincide with the center of the borehole during drilling, with small variations due to lateral displacement of the drill tool during drilling). In a 20 centimeter (7-7 / 8 inch) drilling tool, as shown at least one of the attached cutting elements 31 has its lateral deepest tangent edge or being in close proximity to the axial center 15 of the drilling tool 11.

A stabilizer insert 51, 151 is disposed on the drill bit body 13 between each drill bit 17 and a stationary wing 19, preferably rotationally guiding or in front of each fixed wing 19 and midway between the wing 19 and the tool paw 17. drilling. Each stabilizer pad extends radially outward to the full measurement diameter (again, typically 0.127-0.635 cm (0.050-0.250 inch)) of the drill tool 11 to ensure that each insert 51, 151 remains in contact with the side wall of the borehole during drilling operation to achieve stabilization of the drilling tool. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the stabilizer pads 51 are separate and spaced from the fixed wing 19 and the foot 17 of the drill tool. Alternatively, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the stabilizer inserts 151 are integral with each fixed leaf and extend from each wing in a rotating rubbing direction. The term "inseparably" is intended to cover any manufacturing processes resulting from the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The inserts may also be a plurality of discrete inserts between the chuck 17 of the drilling tool and the wings 19.

[0028] Each liner 51, 151 has a side surface that engages the side wall of the borehole as described in co-pending U.S. Patent No. 5,996,713 to Pessier, et al. In addition, the area (exposed to the side wall of the borehole during drilling) of each insert 51, 151 should be identical such that no single insert has a greater contact area than any other insert, and therefore it is less likely that the inserts will become a temporary means of movement. rotary drilling tool 11.

[0029] Figs. 5 and 6 show a further embodiment of the invention that is substantially similar to the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 4 (similar elements are numbered in a similar manner, for example, drill bit 17, 217; wings 19, 219, etc. .), excluding that the measuring surface or the radially outermost surface of each fixed wing 219 is made wider than usual and instead of extending axially downward and transverse to the longitudinal axis 215 extends helically or spirally or linearly at an angle to (no or non-parallel to) the longitudinal axis 215, i.e. under an angle other than zero. Both the incident edge 219A and the final surface 219B of the measurement surface of each wing 219 extend downwards at a selected angle (approximately 20 degrees as shown in Fig. 5). Alternatively,

[0030] As shown in Fig. 6, then each wing acts as a stabilizer insert that defines a much larger section or circular portion (labeled B "and D") than a "straight" wing that extends downwardly parallel to the longitudinal side. Axis 215 of the drilling tool 211. Such an embodiment is particularly useful when there are relatively few wings 219 and provides stabilization in the area of ​​rotation after each wing 219, which may be useful in preventing a counter-current vortex. In addition, the spiral or angular configuration of the sash forms the stabilizer inserts of the large area without blocking or braking the return movement to the same extent as the separate stabilizer insert of the same area, allowing free return of the drilling fluid and cuttings through the waste opening to the ring. However, as shown in Fig. 6, the angular or spiral wings 219 leave a significant number of "wrenches along the string chord" in the advancing region of each wing 219. Pulling along the chord is measured by drawing a strand between the edge of the incoming wing 219 and the end edge of the paw. 217 drilling tool (this is the diameter band of the borehole). The maximum distance between the band and the measurement or diameter of the borehole, measured perpendicular to the band, is breaking along the string chord. It is desired that the pulling along the length of the continuous strand is minimized, and that the same between each paw 217 of the drill bit and the wing 219. In the case of a spiral or angular embodiment of the wing,g. 6) between each sash 219 and paw 217 of the drill tool to avoid excessive strand break. Preferably, such a stabilizer pad is separated from the wing 219, but can be formed as non-integral as described above in connection with Figs. 3 and 4.

[0031] Figures 7 and 8 disclose a further illustrative embodiment in which stabilization is achieved by connecting the radially outermost parts of each drill bit (317) to a fixed wing that rotates the paw (like elements are numbered in a similar manner, for example Paws 17, 317 of the drilling tool, wings 19, 319, etc.). As described, the radially outboard faces 317 of the drill tool and the fixed wing 319 are in line with the measuring diameter of the drill tool and are connected by a circumferential or non-detachable connection, so that no scrap hole is formed between the wing 319 and the drill bit 317, who would follow them. This combined construction creates a stabilizer insert (without giving a number). Although the terms "joined" or "combined" are used, they are intended to cover any production processes resulting in a single radially outermost surface for each wing and foot 317 that follows it, regardless of whether the process involves actual assembly of the structure or shaping thereof inseparable as a single unit. The illustrative embodiment shows two pawls 317 (and associated cutting elements 321, 323) and two wings 319, in addition to drilling tools having more wings and more paws (and associated cutting elements). However, this embodiment as well as the embodiment in Figs. 1 to 6 is not easily adaptable to drilling tools having an odd number of wings and fingers of a drilling tool (and associated cutting elements).

[0032] Każda wkładka 51, 151, 251 stabilizatora (i części każdej łapy 17, 217, 317 narzędzia wiertniczego i nieruchome skrzydła 19, 219, 319, które rozciągają się promieniowo na zewnątrz do pełnej średnicy pomiarowej narzędzia wiertniczego 11) wyznacza odcinek lub okrężną część (A, B, C, D, E, i F, na Fig. 2; A', B', C', i D' na Fig. 4; oraz A”, B”, C”, i D” na Fig. 6) obwodu wierconego otworu wiertniczego (przedstawioną w zarysie na Fig. 2 i 4). Wielkość (i ilość) wkładek jest korzystnie dobrana tak, że cały odcinek lub okrężna część obwodu pomiarowego narzędzia wiertniczego jest odpowiada k ątowi 180 stopni lub więcej. Do powyższego zalicza się odcinek lub okrężną część wyznaczoną przez pomiar lub promieniowo najbardziej oddalona część nieruchomych skrzydeł 19, oraz przez łapy 17 narzędzia wiertniczego, jeśli ich pomiar lub promieniowo najbardziej oddalona część rozciąga się do pełnej średnicy pomiarowej, ale nie zalicza się wymienionych jeśli te elementy nie rozciągają się do pełnej średnicy pomiarowej aby działać jako wkładki stabilizatora.

[0033] For example, the sections or circular portions delineated by the various stabilizer inserts 51, the full-length feet 17 of the drilling tool, and the full-sized wings 19 in Fig. 2 are:

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Sections or circular portions delineated by the full-gauge lugs 17 of the drilling tool and the sash 19 with the built-in stabilizer inserts 151 in Fig. 4 are:

A '= C' = 34 °

B '= D' = 66 ° [0034] Sections or circular parts delineated by the full-bore lugs 217 of the drilling tool and sash 219 in Fig. 6 are:

A "= C" = 34 °

B "= D" = 81^C [0035] In the case of the embodiments in Figs. 7 and 8, where the stabilizer insert is formed by the fixed or non-detachably fixed fixed wings 319 and the drill bit 317, the drawn sections or circular parts are:

_AND'"= B'" = 96 ° [0036] The invention has many advantages and includes the provision of a hybrid drilling tool that is stable in drilling operation, avoiding action outside the drilling center. A stable drilling tool prevents damage to the cutting elements that can cause premature failure of the drilling tool.

Although the invention has been described and described in only some of its forms, it should be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible to many changes without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed herein.

26950 / EP / 17

EP 2 430 278