Electronic-monetary system

Electronic money system with (1) banks or financial institutions affiliated with a money-generating device for generating and issuing electronic money, including electronic currency financed with credit deposits and electronic credit authorizations, to subscribing customers; (2) communicating banks that accept and distribute the electronic money; (3) a plurality of transaction devices used by subscribers to store electronic money, to identify money transactions with the directly connected systems of the participating banks, or to exchange electronic money with other similar transaction devices in non-directly connected transactions. tions; (4) cashier devices associated with the issuing and communicating banks, for process management and adaptation of the transaction arrangements for the issuing and communicating banks, and for adaptation between the unsecured and communicating banks in and of themselves; (5) a clearance bank for reconciling the electronic money accounts of the various issuing banks; (6) a data communications network for providing communication services to all components of the system; and (7) a security device for maintaining the integrity of the system and for detecting forgery and tampering within the system. An embodiment of the invention comprises a customer service module that handles claims for lost money and which links accounts to money modules to provide bank access.