Immediate release abuse-deterrent granulated dosage forms.
Abstract
Described are immediate release oral dosage forms that contain abuse-deterrent features. In particular, the disclosed dosage forms provide deterrence of abuse by ingestion of multiple individual doses. In addition, the disclosed dosage forms provide protection from overdose in the event of accidental or intentional ingestion of multiple individual doses.

Term
9.6 yearsleft in the term
Expires 27 April 2036.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
26 claims: 2 independent, 24 dependent
- 1NOVEDAD DE LA INVENCIÓN Habiendo descrito la presente invención, se considera como novedad, y por lo tanto se reclama como propiedad lo contenido en las siguientes:REIVINDICACIONES 1. Una forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata X que evita el abuso, caracterizada porque comprende: a) partículas que cubren el núcleo, las partículas que cubren el núcleo comprenden: un núcleo, el núcleo que comprende un polímero gelificante, en donde el polímero gelificante en el núcleo es seleccionado de un almidón natural, un almidón sintético, una celulosa natural, una celulosa sintética, un acrilato, un óxido de polialquileno, un carbómero y combinaciones de los mismos;una capa farmacéutica activa que rodea el núcleo, la capa farmacéutica activa que comprende un analgésico narcótico;al menos una capa que rodea la capa farmacéutica activa, al menos una capa que comprende una película sensible a pH que comprende polímero sensible a pH que es insoluble en agua a un pH mayor que 5 y es soluble en agua a un pH debajo de 5;220 b) una matriz que comprende un desintegrante y un polímero gelificante;en,donde el polímero gelificante en la combinaciones de los mismos.
- 2La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque menos de 5 por ciento en peso de la cantidad total del analqésico narcótico en las partículas que cubre el núcleo está contenida en el núcleo.
- 3La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque al menos 90 por ciento de la cantidad total del analgésico narcótico en las partículas que cubre el núcleo está contenida en la capa farmacéutica activa. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada además porque comprende un segundo tipo de partículas que cubren el núcleo que no contiene una capa farmacéutica activa, el segundo tipo de partículas que cubre el núcleo comprende:un núcleo, el núcleo que comprende un polímero gelificante, en donde el polímero gelificante en el núcleo es 221 seleccionado de un almidón natural, un almidón sintético, una celulosa natural, una celulosa sintética, un acrilato, un óxido de polialquileno, un carbómero y combinaciones de los mismos;y al menos una capa que rodea el núcleo, al menos una capa que comprende una película sensible a pH que comprende polímero sensible a pH que es insoluble a un pH mayor que 5 y no esteroidal. sales farmacéuticamente aceptables de los mismos.
- 48. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 6, caracterizada porque el fármaco analgésico no esteroidal es 222 seleccionado de acetaminofeno, aspirina, ibuprofeno y naproxeno.
- 59. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el polímero gelificante en el núcleo es seleccionado de etilcelulosa, acetato de celulosa, propionato de acetato de celulosa, butirato de acetato de celulosa, ftalato de acetato de celulosa, triacetato de celulosa, éter de celulosa, éster de celulosa, éter de éster de celulosa, celulosa, un copolímero de ácido acrílico y ácido metacrílico, un copolímero de metil metacrilato, un etoxietil metacrilato, un cianoetil metacrilato, poli (ácido acrílico), poli(ácido metacrílico), copolímero de alquilamida de ácido metacrílico, poli(metil metacrilato), polimetacrilato, copolímero de poli(metil metacrilato), poliacrilamida, copolímero de aminoalquil metacrilato, poli(anhídrido de ácido metacrílico), copolímero de glicidil metacrilato, agar, acacia, karaya, tragacanto, algin, guar;poliacrilamida;polímero anhídrido inden maleico hinchable en agua, hidroxipropil metil celulosa, hidroxi metil celulosa, metil celulosa, hidroxietilmetil celulosa, carboximetil celulosa de sodio, un polímero de carbómero, óxido de polietileno, alcohol polivinílico y combinaciones de los mismos.
- 610. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata 223 que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque el polímero gelificante en el núcleo es seleccionado de hidroxipropil metil celulosa, hidroxi metil celulosa, metil celulosa, hidroxietilmetil celulosa, carboximetil celulosa de sodio, un polímero de carbómero, óxido de polietileno, alcohol polivinílico y combinaciones de los mismos. forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata
- 711. La dosificación.
- 812. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el polímero gelificante en la matriz es seleccionado de etil celulosa, acetato de celulosa, propionato de acetato de celulosa, butirato de acetato de celulosa, ftalato de acetato de celulosa, triacetato de celulosa, éter de celulosa, éster de celulosa, éter de éster de celulosa, celulosa, un copolímero de ácido acrílico y ácido metacrílico, un copolímero de metil metacrilato, un etoxietil metacrilato, un cianoetil metacrilato, poli(ácido acrílico), poli(ácido metacrílico), copolímero de alquilamida 224 de ácido metacrilico, poli(metil polimetacrilato, copolimero metacrilato), poliacrilamida, copolimero de aminoalquil metacrilato, poli(anhídrido de ácido metacrilico), copolimero de glicidil metacrilato, agar, acacia, karaya, tragacanto, algin, guar;poliacrilamida;polímero anhídrido inden maleico hinchable en agua, hidroxipropil metil celulosa, hidroxi metil celulosa, metil celulosa, hidroxietilmetil celulosa, carboximetil celulosa de sodio, un polímero de carbómero, óxido de polietileno, alcohol polivinílico combinaciones de los mismos.
- 913. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 12, caracterizada porque el polímero gelificante en la matriz es seleccionado de hidroxipropil metil celulosa, hidroxi metil celulosa, metil celulosa, etil celulosa, hidroxietilmetil celulosa, carboximetil celulosa de sodio, un polímero de carbómero, y combinaciones de los mismos.
- 1014. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el polímero gelificante en la matriz se presenta en una cantidad desde 0.5 hasta 15 por ciento en peso de con base en el peso total de la forma de dosificación. 225
- 1115. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el desintegrante en la matriz es seleccionado de almidón de maíz, croscarmelosa de sodio, crospovidona, glicolato de almidón de sodio, y combinaciones de los mismos.
- 1216. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 15, caracterizada porque la forma de dosificación comprende desde 0.5 hasta 50 por ciento en peso de desintegrante con base en el peso total de la forma de dosificación.
- 1317. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el polímero sensible a pH es un copolímero de dimetil aminoetil metacrilato, butil metacrilato, y monómeros de metil metacrilato.
- 1418. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la forma de dosificación excluye un emético, un irritante nasal, un antagonista de opioide, y un efervescente.
- 1519. La forma de dosificación de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la forma de dosificación, si se muele y se combina con un volumen pequeño 226 de un solvente seleccionado de etanol, metanol, agua, o una mezcla de las mismas forma una composición que tiene una viscosidad que previene la absorción de la composición por una jeringa hipodérmica.
- 1620. La forma de dosificación de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la forma de dosificación reduce el riesgo de una sobredosis del analgésico narcótico por ingestión oral simultánea de unidades múltiples de la forma de dosificación oral.
- 1721. La forma de dosificación de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la forma de dosificación reduce el potencial para abuso por ingestión oral simultánea de múltiples unidades de la forma de dosificación oral.
- 1822. La forma de dosificación de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la forma de dosificación es capaz de liberarse al menos 75 por ciento en peso del analgésico narcótico en una solución de ácido clorhídrico acuoso dentro de 240 minutos, la solución que tiene un pH entre 1 y 2 y una temperatura de alrededor de 37 grados Celsius.
- 1923. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque demuestra un perfil de liberación 227 inmediata cuando se administra en dosis terapéuticas, pero que demuestran un perfil de liberación extendida cuano se administra en dosis supraterapéuticas.
- 2024. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 23, caracterizada porque el perfil de liberación inmediata se define como no menos de 90% de API liberado en 60 minutos, y el perfil de liberación extendida se define como no más de 95% liberado en 60 minutos, en donde los perfiles de liberación pueden evaluarse por disolución en 300 mL de medio HCI 0. IN usando el aparato USP II en velocidad de paleta de 50 RPM y 37°C.
- 2125. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 23, caracterizada porque la dosis supraterapéutica es cinco o más comprimidos.
- 2226. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque la forma de dosificación está en una forma de supositorio, cápsula, comprimido oblongo, pildora, gel, cápsula de gelatina suave, o comprimido.
- 2327. La forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 26, caracterizaada porque la forma de dosificación está en una 228 forma de comprimido.
- 2428. Un método para prevenir, aliviar, o aminorar un nivel de dolor en un sujeto, el método caracterizado porque comprende administrar al sujeto una forma de dosificación de conformidad con la reivindicación 1.
- 2529. Un método para prevenir el abuso de un fármaco de analgésico narcótico, caracterizado porque comprende proporcionar una forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1.
- 2630. Un método para prevenir sobredosis por administración accidental o intencional de una dosis supraterapéutica de un fármaco analgésico narcótico, caracterizado porque comprende proporcionar una forma de dosificación de liberación inmediata que evita el abuso de conformidad con la reivindicación 1. 229
Independent claims26
2,494 paragraphs in 10 sections, as filed
(54) Title: DISSUASIVE GRANULATED DOSAGE FORMS OF THE ABUSE OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE.
(54) Title: IMMEDIATE RELEASE ABUSE-DETERRENT GRANULATED DOSAGE FORMS.
(57) Summary
Immediate-release oral dosage forms containing deterrent characteristics of abuse are described. In particular, the disclosed dosage forms provide deterrence of abuse by ingestion of multiple individual doses. Furthermore, the described dosage forms provide overdose protection in the event of accidental or intentional ingestion of multiple individual doses.
(57) Abstract
Described are immediate release oral dosage forms that contain abuse-deterrent features. In particular, the disclosed dosage forms provide deterrence of abuse by ingestion of multiple individual doses. In addition, the disclosed dosage forms provide protection from overdose in the event of accidental or intentional ingestion of multiple individual doses.
DISSUASIVE GRANULATED DOSAGE FORMS OF ABUSE
IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of oral dosage forms containing deterrent characteristics of abuse, in particular including immediate release dosage forms containing a drug that is commonly susceptible to abuse.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pharmaceuticals, including both prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, while helpful in improving the health of a person in need, are also susceptible to intentional and unintentional abuse and overdose.
Examples of commonly abused active pharmaceutical ingredients include psychoactive drugs, anxiolytics, sedative hypnotics, stimulants, depressants, pain relievers such as narcotic pain relievers, among others. A complete list of specific drug compounds that are commonly abused would be very long; A short list of some commonly abused drug drugs include opioids and morphine derivatives, barbiturates, amphetamines, ketamine, and other drugs that can cause physical or psychological dependence.
Some common techniques for intentional drug abuse start with an addict getting a solid dosage form such as an orally administered capsule or tablet, and crushing the solid dosage form into a powder. The powder can be administered by an addict by nasal insufflation (ie, aspirating through the nose) to introduce the drug into the addict's bloodstream intranasally. Alternately, the crushed dosage form can be combined with a solvent that is capable of dissolving the drug (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, or API), and the solvent with the dissolved drug can be injected directly into a blood stream of the addict.
Alternatively, with immediate-release oral dosage forms, an addict could simply ingest multiple units (eg, tablets) of the dosage form together, eg, simultaneously. Each of the multiple dosage form units immediately releases an amount of the drug to produce a short-term peak of drug concentration in the user's bloodstream and a desired high in the user.
The pharmaceutical industry has identified several mechanisms for tailoring drug compositions and oral dosage forms that may be useful in preventing abuse of oral dosage forms. Pharmaceutical companies have studied dosage forms that contain a nasal irritant or an effervescent agent, which can cause irritation or pain in a nasal passage if the dosage form is crushed and then aspirated through the nose, thereby discouraging the nasal insufflation abuse. Pharmaceutical companies are studying the addition of gelling polymers to dosage forms to prevent abuse by injection. If the dosage form is ground to a powder and combined with a small amount of solvent, the gelling polymer may cause the combination to take the form of a highly viscous liquid or gel that cannot be administered by injection. Another possible deterrent to abuse may be the addition of an emetic agent which can deter abuse by causing emesis in ingestion of multiple doses. Another deterrent to abuse involves adding an API antagonist to a dosage form that will substantially block the effect of the drug.
Although the pharmaceutical industry has identified a variety of deterrent features of abuse (sometimes referred to as abuse resistant) useful with oral dosage forms, there is a continuing need to improve and identify new deterrent features of abuse to inhibit or prevent abuse or overdose of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following description relates to oral dosage forms that are useful for immediate release of an active pharmaceutical ingredient or API.
The dosage form can be designed to release the API as desired in an immediate release dosage form, and can also include one or a combination of features that will prevent or deter abuse of the API. The deterrent features of abuse described herein can be included simply or in any combination in an immediate release dosage form.
As a first type of deterrent to abuse, a dosage form as described may include a gelling polymer to prevent or compromise abuse practices where the dosage form is crushed and then combined with a small amount of a solvent to produce a liquid composition that contains a concentrated amount of API and that can be delivered to an addict using a syringe. The gelling polymer can be any useful polymer to achieve this functionality, and can be placed in the dosage form at any location to allow the gelling polymer to perform as described and still allow immediate release of the API. A gelling polymer can be included in a core of a particle that covers the core or in a mixture of a dosage form that suspends the particles from the core shell. The core may contain any amount of gelling polymer, such as from 0 to 100 percent gelling polymer based on a total weight of the core. Alternately, the core in a core shell particle may comprise a filler, for example, up to 100 percent filler, such as a sugar sphere or microcrystalline cellulose sphere (up to 100 percent microcrystalline cellulose spheres such such as those available under the trade name Celphere®).
Another type of deterrent to abuse may be a wax that alone or with other ingredients, for example, the gelling polymer, is effective in compromising abuse practices where a dosage form is crushed and combined with a solvent to produce a β
Liquid composition that can be abused by nasal insufflation or given to an addict using a syringe. Wax can further inhibit or prevent an addict from grinding the dosage form into a powder because grinding of the wax will stain unlike fracturing or spraying. Similar to the gelling polymer, the wax can be included in a dosage form at any location that allows the wax to function as a deterrent to abuse while not interfering with an immediate API release profile. For example, a wax can be included in a core of a coated particle. A core may contain any amount of wax, such as from 0 to 100 percent wax based on a total weight of the core, such as up to 50, 75, or 80 weight percent wax based on a total weight of the core.
Still another type of deterrent to abuse may be a filler or binder that alone or in combination with other ingredients may compromise abuse practices where a dosage form is being crushed and combined with a small amount of a solvent to produce a liquid composition that can be supplied to an addict using a syringe. The filler or binder can inhibit or prevent an addict from grinding the dosage form into a powder because grinding, the binder or polymeric filler will stain unlike fracturing or spraying. The filler or binder can be included in a dosage form in any way and location that allows the filler or binder to function as a deterrent to abuse as long as it does not interfere with an immediate API release profile. For example, a filler or binder can be included in a core of a coated particle. A core may contain any amount of polymeric binder or filler such as from 0 to 100 percent filler or binder in total weight of the core, or up to 50, 75, or 80 weight percent filler or binder based on a total weight of the core.
Still another type of deterrent to abuse may be a film layer that surrounds or covers the API in a dosage form and is optionally resistant to being dissolved by one or more of the solvents commonly used by addicts to dissolve an API by injection, including water and alcohols of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, and mixtures thereof. The film layer can be prepared from any film material that is placed as a continuous layer on a coated particle in a location to enclose and surround the API. The examples of film layers can optionally and preferably provide properties of a solvent resistant film, which is a film that is slow or difficult to dissolve in a small or limited volume of one of the solvents commonly used by API-dissolving addicts. of a dosage form. To access an API from a dosage form an addict can grind the dosage form and combine the ground dosage form with a solvent (as described) in an attempt to produce a solution containing the concentrated API and solvent, and which can be efficiently injected or aspirated through the nose. Being slow to dissolve or insoluble in one or more of water, or an alcohol of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, etc., a solvent resistant film layer surrounding the API in a dosage form can prevent an addict from easy access and thus manipulate the API.
In exemplary embodiments, an immediate release dosage form can include these characteristics in a coated particle, such as a core-covering particle. An exemplary core covering particle may include a core and one or more layers surrounding the core. For such a particle covering the nucleus, the API may be included in the nucleus, or in one or more layers surrounding the nucleus, or both the nucleus and one or more layers surrounding the nucleus. The dosage form may additionally contain core-covering particles that do not include the API in either the core, or in any layer surrounding the core. The core may include any one or more of: a gelling polymer, wax, binder, or filler, alone or in combination. Alternately, the core may comprise a microcrystalline cellulose or sugar sphere.
A layer of film can surround and wax the core, or a layer containing API that is arranged around the core. The film layer may preferably be a solvent resistant film in the form of a continuous core-covering, API-containing coating, or covering an API-containing layer or coating placed around the core, or covering a core that is not has an API-containing layer or overlay placed around the core and no API.
In accordance with various other embodiments, a coated particle as described herein may be useful in a dosage form that includes one or more optional abuse deterrent features, and a matrix such as a compressed matrix that is formed to allow release. Immediate API present in the coated particles. An exemplary matrix composition may comprise additional gelling, disintegrating polymer, or both additional gelling and disintegrating polymer. The term "additional gelling polymer" as used above means an amount of gelling polymer that is in addition to an amount of gelling polymer present in the coated particles. The additional gelling polymer may be the same or different in nature, chemistry, molecular weight, etc., as compared to the gelling polymer that is included in the coated particles. A disintegrant as a component of the matrix may be useful in facilitating the release of the API from the dosage form, eg, API present in the coated particles.
The active pharmaceutical ingredient included in the dosage form, especially in the coated particle surrounded by a film layer (eg, a solvent resistant film), may be any desired active pharmaceutical ingredient to be administered orally, and may in particular be a type of active pharmaceutical ingredient that is commonly susceptible to abuse. Examples of active pharmaceutical ingredients that are considered to be commonly susceptible to abuse include psychoactive drugs, tranquilizers, sedative hypnotics, anxiolytics, stimulants, depressants, and narcotic pain relievers, among others. Certain more specific classes of drugs that are commonly abused include opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, as well as many other drugs that are known to cause physical or psychological dependence.
The dosage forms of the present disclosure may be useful as immediate release dosage forms, and may also include deterrent features of abuse as described. The deterrent features of abuse can prevent or prevent abuse by nasal insufflation, injection, and can also be effective in preventing or significantly limiting the success of abuse by common methods (especially with immediate-release oral dosage forms) of orally take multiple dosage units together. The final mode of abuse (sometimes referred to herein as multiple tablet dosage) is often particularly difficult to deter, especially in immediate-release oral dosage forms, causing them to describe dosage forms particularly useful as dosage forms. for immediate oral deterrence of abuse.
The described dosage form modalities may be effective in the absence of other types of deterrent features of abuse such as nasal irritants, emetic agents, bitter agents, and effervescent agents, to inhibit nasal insufflation or other forms of abuse, or inclusion of drug antagonist of the subject drug.
In one aspect, the invention relates to an immediate release dosage form that includes core-covering particles. The particles covering the core include: an inner core containing a gelling polymer; at least one layer surrounding the core, at least one layer including a film layer surrounding the core; and an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The active pharmaceutical ingredient is also surrounded by the film layer that surrounds the core.
In another aspect, the invention relates to an immediate release dosage form that includes core-covering particles. The particles that cover the nucleus include a nucleus and an active pharmaceutical layer that surrounds the nucleus. The active pharmaceutical layer contains an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The core contains less than 5 weight percent of a total amount of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in the particles covering the core.
In yet another aspect the invention relates to an immediate release dosage form containing particles covering the core. The particles that cover the nucleus include: a nucleus and an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The dosage form further includes a matrix. The matrix includes disintegrant and an additional amount of gelling polymer.
In yet another aspect, the invention relates to an immediate release dosage form that includes two types of particles covering the core. One type of particle covering the nucleus includes a nucleus and an active pharmaceutical layer that surrounds the nucleus as discussed above. The core of these particles optionally contains less than 5 weight percent of the total amount of API in such a particle covering the core, and in some cases contains less than 1 weight percent of the total amount of API in such a particle that it covers the core, or does not contain a significant amount of API yet. The other type of particles that cover the nucleus comprise the nucleus, but do not contain an active pharmaceutical layer that surrounds the nucleus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
<td>The figures</td><td>1A,</td><td>IB,</td><td>and</td><td>IC illustrate</td><td>modalities</td><td>of</td><td>the</td>
<td colspan="2">particles covering</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">core as it</td><td>describes in</td><td colspan="2">section</td>
<td>cross.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The figures</td><td>2A</td><td>and</td><td>2B</td><td>illustrate</td><td>modalities</td><td>of</td><td>the</td>
particles covering the nucleus as described, in cross section.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a dosage form as described.
Figure 4 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (Supra-therapeutic dosage)
- Dissolution of Hydrocodone Bitartrate in HC1 0.1N medium as a function of time.
Figure 5 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- dissolution of acetaminophen in HC1 0.1N medium as a function of time.
Figure 6 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- dissolution of Hydrocodone Bitartrate in HC1 0. IN medium as a function of time.
Figure 7 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- dissolution of acetaminophen in HC1 0.1N medium as a function of time.
Figure 8 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- dissolution of Hydrocodone Bitartrate in HC1 0.1N medium as a function of time.
Figure 9 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- dissolution of acetaminophen in HCI 0.1N medium as a function of time.
Figure 10 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- Oxycodone hydrochloride solution of oxycodone hydrochloride / acetaminophen tablets (5/325 mg / tablet and 7.5 / 325 mg / tablet oxycodone hydrochloride / acetaminophen) in 0.1N HCI medium as a function of time.
Figure 11 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- dissolution of acetaminophen from oxycodone hydrochloride / acetaminophen tablets (5/325 mg / tablet and 7.5 / 325 mg / tablet from oxycodone hydrochloride / acetaminophen) in HCI 0.IN medium as a function of time.
Figure 12 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- Hydrocodone Bitartrate solution of tablets
Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen (5/325 mg / tablet and 7.5 / 325 mg / tablet Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Bitartrate) in HCI 0.IN medium as a function of time.
Figure 13 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- dissolving acetaminophen of Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen tablets (5/325 mg / tablet and 7.5 / 325 mg / tablet of Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Bitartrate) in 0.1N HCI medium as a function of time.
Figure 14 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- Solution of Hydrocodone Bitartrate of Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Bitartrate Tablets (10/325 mg / tablet of Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen, tested both as intact tablets and crushed tablets) in 0.1N HCI medium as a function of time.
Figure 15 shows a graph of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets (supra-therapeutic dosage).
- dissolution of acetaminophen Hydrocodone Bitartrate / acetaminophen tablets (10/325 mg / hydrocodone bitartrate / acetaminophen tablet, tested both as intact tablets and crushed tablets) in 0.1N HCI medium as a function of time.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure relates to immediate release dosage forms that include one or more deterrent features of abuse to reduce the potential for a) parenteral abuse, b) nasal insufflation abuse (sniffing through the nose), and c) oral ingestion abuse Simultaneous multiple oral dosage form units (tablets or capsules) of a drug. These deterrent features of abuse are accomplished by preparing the dosage form to include certain structural features and certain ingredients that have now been determined to effectively prevent an addict from realizing the intended biological effect of drug abuse by using certain currently common methods used to abuse the API. Advantageously, a dosage form prepared to contain one or more of the abuse deterrents described, such as a deterrent to abuse of one or more APIs that is commonly susceptible to abuse, can still be constructed to provide immediate release of one or more API in the normal therapeutic use by oral ingestion.
As used herein, the terms "abuse deterrence processes and practices and prevention or deterrence or inhibition associated with drug abuse and overdose" refer to characteristics of the claimed formulations that provide significant physical and chemical impediments to these practices. and processes. The goal in such a deterrent includes both making abuse practices significantly more difficult to carry out, and making any product that results from an attempt to carry out such abuse practices in the claimed formulations significantly less desirable, less cost-effective, and less addictive for the potential addict.
The term "immediate release" refers to a dosage form which, upon oral administration by a human, releases substantially all of an active pharmaceutical ingredient contained in a gastrointestinal tract for biological absorption in a short time. In vitro methods for measuring a release profile of a dosage form, for the purpose of determining whether a dosage form exhibits an extended release or immediate release dissolution profile, are known in the pharmaceutical arts. By such methods, the examples of dosage forms of
<td colspan="3">immediate release as</td><td colspan="4">described herein may</td>
<td>measure for</td><td colspan="2">be able to</td><td colspan="4">release substantially everything from</td>
<td>an amount</td><td>total</td><td>from to</td><td>minus one</td><td>type</td><td>of</td><td>ingredient</td>
<td>pharmacist</td><td>active</td><td>(by</td><td>example,</td><td>a</td><td>API</td><td>Commonly</td>
<td>susceptible to</td><td>abuse)</td><td colspan="2">contained in the</td><td>shape</td><td>of</td><td>dosage</td>
(eg, at least 75, 80, or 90 percent by weight of the total amount of API in a dosage form) in a solution (eg, acidic aqueous solution) of a suitable pH within 240 minutes, eg. , in less than 180 minutes, less than 90 minutes, or less than 60, 30, 15, or 5 minutes. For example, a release profile of a dosage form of the present disclosure can be measured by a method that exposes the dosage form to a volume of up to 900 milliliters (eg, 300 milliliters, or 900 milliliters, based on various methods test) of hydrochloric acid (0.01 to 0.1N) (eg, aqueous hydrochloric acid) at a pH of 1 to 2, and at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. According to some modalities, the dosage forms described herein do not demonstrate less than 90% API released in 60 minutes when administered in therapeutic doses, where the release profiles can be evaluated by dissolving in 300 mL of HCI medium 0. IN using the USP II apparatus at a paddle speed of 50 RPM and 37 ° C. A release profile of a dosage form of the present disclosure may alternatively be measured by a method that exposes the dosage form to a volume of up to 900 milliliters (eg, 300 milliliters, or 900 milliliters, based on various test methods ) of hydrochloric acid (0.01 to 0.1N) (eg, aqueous hydrochloric acid) at a pH of about 4.5 (representative of the pH conditions of a fed stomach), and at a temperature of 37 degrees
Celsius.
The term extended release can be defined as no more than 95% API release in 60 minutes, where release profiles can be evaluated, for example, by dissolving in 300 mL of HC1 0.IN medium using the USP II apparatus at high speed. paddle 50 RPM and 37 ° C. According to some modalities, the dosage forms described herein demonstrate:
• not less than 90% API released in 60 minutes when administered in therapeutic doses; and • no more than 95% API release in 60 minutes when administered in supra-therapeutic doses;
where the release profiles can be evaluated by dissolving in 300 mL of HC1 0.IN medium using the USP II apparatus at a paddle speed of 50 RPM and 37 ° C. In this context, a supra-therapeutic dose will be understood to correspond to the administration of five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, or twelve or more dose units. individual, eg tablets, simultaneously. It will also be understood that administering multiple individual dose units simultaneously could reasonably include administering those multiple doses sequentially over a short time interval, for example, over an interval of less than 60 minutes, less than 30 minutes, less than 15 minutes, less than 5 minutes or less than a minute.
Dosage forms as described can be formulated to provide an immediate release profile of an API, and can also be prepared to include effective or advantageous deterrents of abuse that are effective in deterring abuse of the API itself (eg, someone who inhibits the profile of is commonly susceptible to abuse) than immediate release. The combination of immediate release of a
API with broad abuse resistance of the same API for multiple abuse modalities including multiple tablet dosing, as described herein, not believed to be previously known. More particularly, dosage forms as described herein can provide an immediate release profile of an API, and can at the same time include deterrent features of abuse that provide resistance to abuse or deterrence of general abuse of the same API. Dosage forms can also be more specifically characterized as resistant to
<td colspan="2">certain common methods</td><td>of</td><td>abuse such</td><td>how</td><td> 1)</td><td>abuse</td><td>by</td>
<td>injection</td><td>(for example,</td><td>by</td><td>stages that</td><td colspan="2">include</td><td>Grind</td><td>a</td>
<td>form of</td><td>dosage</td><td>and</td><td>dissolve API</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>shape</td><td>of</td>
dosage), 2) abuse by nasal insufflation (for example, also by grinding and optionally dissolving API in a dosage form), and 3) abuse by multiple tablet dosage due to oral consumption, which means simultaneous oral ingestion of excessive amounts or multiple of orally administered dosage forms such as tablets or capsules. The third mode of abuse, multiple tablet dosage, is particularly common with immediate release dosage forms and is particularly difficult to defend against for the design of a dosage form structure or formulation. Accordingly, those currently described dosage forms may be effective in preventing or deterring abuse (or even accidental overdose) by the multiple tablet dosage mode may be a useful feature particularly of the dosage forms described herein.
In vitro testing of exemplary dosage forms as described herein indicates that exemplary dosage forms provide deterrence against abuse by multiple tablet dosing. More specifically, in vitro testing of exemplary dosage forms was performed by conducting the dissolution test of one or more dosage forms (tablets) in 300 milliliters of 0.1N HCI maintained at 37 degrees Celsius using a paddle speed of 50 RPM. See, Example 26 (a) and Figures 4 and 5 herein. As shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, the amount (percent per tablet) of API (opioid) or APAP (acetaminophen) released into the media is reduced with an increase in the number of tablets. The data also suggests that the proven dosage forms are effective in preventing increased levels of API absorption in an individual who could ingest substantially multiple tablets, preventing or reducing the risk of unintentional overdose of the drug.
API. (In the
Figures 4 and 5, the dosage forms of tablet 1 and tablet 2 are as prepared in the
Example 3, below, and the dosage forms of the tablet
5, tablet 8, and tablet are as prepared in
Example 5, below.
The tablets used in Figures 6,
7, and 9 are as prepared as per Example 17.)
Furthermore, in vitro testing as described herein indicates that exemplary dosage forms provide deterrence against abuse by multiple tablet dosing, even if the dosage form is crushed prior to administration / testing.
Specifically, the in vitro test was performed by conducting the dissolution test according to the multiple (twelve) crushed tablets of the same protocol as described above to test the intact tablets (that is, in 300 or 900 milliliters of 0.1N HC1 maintained at 37 degrees Celsius using a paddle speed of 50 RPM). See Example 93 and Figures 14-15 herein. As shown in Figures 14-15, the percentage of API (opioid and APAP) that was released into the media decreased with an increase in the number of crushed tablets. These data suggest that the dosage forms are effective in preventing increased API absorption levels in an individual who may be ingesting multiple crushed tablets, thereby preventing or reducing the risk of an API overdose. The tablets used in Example 94, which provide the data shown in Figures 14-15 were prepared as per Example 93.)
Accordingly, dosage forms as described herein provide a method of preventing a short-term spike in drug concentration in the bloodstream of a patient who is prescribed the drug, or in the bloodstream of an addict who consumes the drug. drug for recreational purposes, in the event that a patient or the addict intentionally or unintentionally consumes a supra-therapeutic dose of the drug. Furthermore, dosage forms as described herein provide a method whereby an overdose of drug can be prevented in the event that a patient intentionally or unintentionally consumes a supra-therapeutic dose of the drug. By supra-therapeutic it means a dose that exceeds what might normally be prescribed for therapy, for example a dose in excess of four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven or twelve units of individual doses (for example, tablets, capsules , etc.).
As a type of deterrent to abuse, a dosage form as described can include one or more gelling polymers. A gelling polymer can act as a deterrent to abuse by compromising abuse practices where an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a dosage form is being dissolved in a small volume of solvent or is accessible or easily isolatable if combined with solvent with the gelling polymer also present. A gelling polymer can also deter or prevent abuse of an API in a dosage form by increasing the viscosity of a combination of the solvent-milled dosage form (especially a small volume of solvent) to a viscosity that is high enough to prevent the combination or API from being taken by and injected using a syringe. A preferred gelling polymer contained in a milled dosage form, when exposed to a limited volume (or small volume) of solvent such as an alcohol of 1 to 4 carbon atoms (eg, ethanol or methanol) or water, can form a non-injectable mass in the range of an insoluble mass, to a gel, to a thick viscous mixture, each of which exhibits a viscosity that substantially prevents either absorption by or injection of a needle from a hypodermic syringe.
Suitable gelling polymers include one or a combination of polymers that, as part of a dosage form, on contact of the dosage form with a small volume of solvent, will absorb the solvent and swell to a viscous or semi-sub- viscose that significantly reduces or minimizes the amount of free solvent that can contain a quantity of a solubilized API and that can be withdrawn in a syringe. The gelled polymer can also reduce the overall amount of solvent extractable drug by trapping the drug in a gel matrix.
The gelling polymer may be present in the dosage form at a location and in an amount that together allow the gelling polymer to produce a viscous gel in the case of an addict who grinds the dosage form and combines the crushed dosage form with a solvent.
On the other hand, the gelling polymer, as presented in the dosage form, preferably will not interfere with the desired dissolution of the dosage form, the desired release (immediate release) of API from the dosage form, or absorption of the API by a patient who ingests the intact immediate-release dosage form for an intended therapeutic purpose. An exemplary location for the gelling polymer is in a coated particle that also includes the active pharmaceutical ingredient, such as in a core or in a coated layer surrounding the core; wherein an amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient is contained in either the core, or a coated layer surrounding the core, or is contained in both. Another exemplary location is within a matrix used to form a compressed tablet, a capsule (eg, a compressed capsule), a caplet, or other type of dosage form containing a coated particle containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The gelling polymer may also be present, in the core, or in a layer surrounding the core, of a coated particle that does not include an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
The gelling polymer may be present in a dosage form in any desired amount and in any portion of, or location in, a dosage form structure. The amount of gelling polymer can be any useful amount, meaning an amount that can produce a viscous deterrent to abuse or gel if the dosage form is crushed, ground, or powdered, etc., and mixed with the solvent. . A useful amount of total gelling polymer in a dosage form can be in a range of from 0.5 to 90 weight percent of gelling polymer based on a total weight of the dosage form, for example, from 0.7 to 20, or 2 up to 15 weight percent of gelling polymer based on the total weight of the dosage form.
These amounts of total gelling polymer may be present at one or more locations in the dosage form, to achieve the specific total amount, such as in a portion in a coated particle (eg, core), a matrix (eg, matrix compressed) structure that supports and contains the coated particles, or both coated particles and the matrix.
A (uncoated) core of a core-covering particle can contain any useful amount of gelling polymer, such as from 0 to and including 100 percent gelling polymer in a core of a core-covering particle, for example, from 10 to 95 weight percent gelling polymer based on total core weight, such as from 40 to 85 or 50 to 75 weight percent gelling polymer based on total core weight.
Described in terms of total weight of a dosage form, an amount of gelling polymer present in a core of a core-covering polymer can be, for example, in a range of from 0.5 to 15 weight percent of gelling polymer (present in the core) by total weight of the dosage form, such as from 1 to 10 weight percent of gelling polymer (present in the core) by total weight of the dosage form. An amount of gelling polymer present in a matrix of a dosage form can be any desired amount, such as an amount ranging from 0.5 to 15 weight percent of gelling polymer (as an excipient in a matrix) based on a weight Total dosage form, such as from 1 to 10 weight percent of gelling polymer (present as an excipient in a matrix) based on the total weight of the dosage form.
A useful gelling polymer can be any polymeric material that inhibits the ability to maintain a significant fraction of adsorbed solvent in its molecular structure, for example, the solvent being an otherwise useful solvent for an addict to extract the API from a dosage form. or a powdered or crushed dosage form, the solvent for example being water or an alcohol of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol or methanol, etc. Examples of gelling polymers include materials that can swell or expand to a very high degree when contacted with such a solvent. Swelling or expansion can cause the gelling polymer to experience from two to a thousand fold volume increase in a dry state. Examples of more specific gelling polymers include swellable polymers sometimes referred to as osmopolymers or hydrogels. The gelling polymer may be uncrosslinked, lightly crosslinked, or highly crosslinked. Crosslinking may involve covalent or ionic bonds with the polymer that has the ability to swell in the presence of a solvent, and when crosslinked it will not dissolve in the solvent.
A gelling polymer, after dissolving or dispersing in an aqueous dispersion or solution (eg, water) at a concentration of 2% w / w (based on dry material), creates a solution / dispersion with a viscosity from about 100 to around 200,000 mPa-s (for example, 4,000 to 175,000 mPa-s, and 4,000 to 50,000 mPa-s) as measured at 20 degrees Celsius (+/- 0.2 degree
Celsius) using the analysis method described in USP 33 monograph for hypromellose (incorporated herein by reference).
Suitable gelling polymers generally include pharmaceutically acceptable polymers that experience an increase in viscosity upon contact with a solvent, as described. Various examples of polymers are known to be useful in this manner, generally including natural and synthetic starches (ie, modified or pregelatinized modified starch), natural and synthetic cellulose, acrylates, and polyalkylene oxides. Examples of natural starches include corn starch, potato starch, rice starch, tapioca starch, and wheat starch, hydroxypropyl starches such as hydroxypropyl corn starch, hydroxypropyl pea starch, and hydropropyl potato starch (derived of natural starch). Examples of synthetic starches, that is, modified or pregelatinized modified starch, include acetylated dial starch adipate, waxy corn base, acid treated maize starch, acid treated waxy maize starch, dialmidon phosphate, waxy maize base, oxidized waxy corn starch, octenyl succinate sodium starch. Examples of celluloses include calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose. Examples of acrylates include Eudragit RS, RL, NE, NM. Examples of polyalkylene oxides include polyethylene oxide such as POLYOX N10, N80, N60K, WSR-1105 LEO, or WSR-301 LEO, or WSR-303 LEO.
Accordingly, examples of suitable gelling polymers include polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, and polyvinyl carboxy polymers such as those commercially available under the name commercial Carbopol®, and other high molecular weight polymers capable of reaching an effective viscosity level to prevent absorption into a syringe, if combined with a small volume of solvent as described.
Other examples of suitable gelling polymers may include, if they are of sufficiently high molecular weight: ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate phthalate and cellulose triacetate, cellulose ether, ester cellulose, cellulose ester ether, cellulose; acrylic resins comprising synthesized copolymers of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, for example copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, copolymers of methyl methacrylate, ethoxyethyl methacrylates, poly (acrylic acid), poly (methacrylic acid), copolymer of methacrylic acid alkylamide, poly (methyl methacrylate), polymethacrylate, poly (methyl methacrylate) copolymer, polyacrylamide, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, poly (methacrylic acid anhydride), and copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate.
Exemplary gelling polymers can include natural polymers such as those derived from a plant or animal, as well as synthetically prepared polymers. Examples include polyhydroalkyl cellulose having a molecular weight greater than 50,000; poly (hydroxyalkylmethacrylate) having a molecular weight from 5,000 to 5,000,000; poly (vinylpyrrolidone) having a molecular weight from 100,000 to 3,000,000; anionic and cationic hydrogels; poly (electrolyte) complexes; poly (vinyl alcohol) having a low acetate residual; an inflatable mixture of agar and carboxymethyl cellulose; an inflatable composition comprising methyl cellulose mixed with sparingly crosslinked agar; a polyether having a molecular weight from 10,000 to 6,000,000; water swellable copolymer produced by a dispersion of finely divided copolymer of maleic anhydride with styrene, ethylene, propylene, or isobutylene; Nvinil lactams water-swellable polymer; and the like.
Other polymers useful as a gelling polymer include pectin which has a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 to 300,000; polysaccharides such as agar, acacia, karaya, tragacanth, algin and guar; polyacrylamides; water swellable maleic indene anhydride polymers; Good-rite® polyacrylic acid having a molecular weight of 80,000 to 200,000; Polyox® polyethylene oxide polymers having a molecular weight of 100,000 to 7,000,000; graft copolymers of starch; Aqua-Keep® acrylate polymers with water absorption 400 times their original weight; polyglucan diesters; a mixture of cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol and poly (vinyl-2-pyrrolidone); poly (ethylene glycol) that has a molecular weight of 4,000 to 100,000.
In various specific embodiments, a gelling polymer can be, or can include, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (eg, Hypromellose or HPMC), and hydroxy methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose can have a molecular weight in the range from 10,000 to 1,500,000. Examples of suitable, commercially available hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymers include HPMC K100M, Metocel K100LV, and Metocel K4M.
A specific class of gelling polymer is the class of carbomer polymers, which are polymers derived from acrylic acid (eg, acrylic acid homopolymers) and crosslinked with polyalcoyl allyl ethers, eg, crosslinked with polyalkenyl ethers of pentaerythritol or saccharose. The carbomer polymers are hydrophilic and are not substantially soluble in water. Rather, these polymers swell when dispersed in water to form a colloidal, mucilage-like dispersion. The carboxyl groups provided by acrylic acid residues of the polymer structure are responsible for some behavior of the polymers. The particles of this polymer can be visualized as a network structure of the polymer chains interconnected by crosslinks. The structure can swell in water for up to a thousand times of an original (dry) volume (and ten times of an original diameter of the polymer particles) to form a gel when exposed to an environment above pH 4-6. The pKa of these polymers can be 6 ± 0.5. Consequently, the pendant carboxylate groups in the polymer structure can ionize at a pH above 6, causing a repulsion between negatively charged particles, which add to the swelling of the polymer if exposed to the solvent at this pH range. . For this reason, a dosage form as described herein may preferably include a pH adjuster in an amount and location within the dosage form to raise the pH of a carbomer polymer to at least 6, to substantially neutralize the carboxylate groups. A suitable amount of a pH adjuster can be from about 1 to about 10 millimoles, or from about 5 to
<td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 9</td><td>millimoles, or</td><td>since</td><td>around</td><td>Of 6</td><td>until</td>
<td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 8</td><td>millimoles, or</td><td>since</td><td>around</td><td>of 7</td><td>until</td>
<td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 7.5</td><td>millimoles of</td><td colspan="2">pH adjuster</td><td colspan="2">per gram of</td>
carbomer polymer that occurs in the dosage form. Typically, the pH adjuster is presented in a dosage form according to the invention in an amount that is from about 1 to about 5 weight percent, or from about 2 to about 4 weight percent, or about 3 to 4 percent by weight based on the total weight of the dosage form.
Carbomer polymers are often referred to in the art using alternative terminology such as, for example, carbomer homopolymer, acrylic acid polymers, carbomer, Carbopol, carboxy polymethylene, carboxyvinyl polymer, Pemulen, polyacrylic acid, and poly (acrylic acid ), USP-NF lists three broad monographs this is for carbomer copolymer, for carbomer homopolymer, and for carbomer interpolymer.
Certain carbopol (carbomer) polymers that may be useful as a gelling polymer can have an average equivalent weight of 76 per carboxyl group. Examples of suitable commercially available carbomers include Carbopol® 934, 934P NF, Carbopol® 974P NF and Carbopol® 971P NF, Carbopol® 940, and Carbopol® 941, Carbopol® 71G, commercially available from Lubrizol. Examples of such polymers are described in US Patent Nos. 2,798,053 and 2,909,462, the totals of which are incorporated herein by reference. The theoretical molecular weight ranges for Carbopol® products range from 700,000 to 3 billion, theoretical estimate. For dosage forms as described herein, a gelling polymer (eg, Carbopol®) can have a viscosity-increasing molecular weight and performance that will reduce or substantially inhibit an addict's ability to extract API from a combination In a dosage form as described, although and a small volume of solvent, it is also capable of being processed into a compressed dosage form.
A gelling polymer can also be characterized by the viscosity of a prepared solution of the gelling polymer. Product information for polymers
Commercially available Carbopol® reports viscosities of different Carbopol® polymers which are as follows:
<td>Carbomer type</td><td>Specific viscosity (cP)</td>
<td>Type A carbomer homopolymer (name of the compendium for Carbopol 71G, Carbopol 971P and Carbopol 981)</td><td> 4,000 - 11,000</td>
<td>Type B carbomer homopolymer (abbreviated name for Carbopol 934P, and Carbopol 934)</td><td> 25,000 - 45,000</td>
<td>Type C carbomer homopolymer (name of the compendium for Carbopol 980)</td><td> 40,000 - 60,000</td>
(Type A and Type B viscosities measured using a Brookfield
RVT, 20rpm, neutralized to pH 7.3-7.8, 0.5 weight percent mucilage, spindle # 5.)
Another example of a preferred type of gelling polymer is the class of xanthan gum polymers, which include natural polymers useful as hydrocolloids, and fermentation derivatives of a carbohydrate. A molecular weight of a xanthan gum can be approximately 1,000,000. Xanthan gum has been shown to provide particularly useful extraction resistance in a dosage form as described, and therefore may be preferred in dosage forms as described, especially if it is presented in an amount of at least 2 or 3 weight percent based on a total weight of a dosage form.
Without limiting the scope of useful gelling polymers to any specific molecular weight or type, examples of useful gelling polymers, and respective useful molecular weights, are shown in the Table below.
<td>Gelling polymer</td><td>Average molecular weight in weight</td>
<td>Carbomer</td><td>700,000 to 3 billion (Dear) '</td>
<td>HPMC 2910 K types</td><td> 164,000 - 1,200,000</td>
<td>HPMC 2910 types E</td><td> 20,000 - 746,000</td>
<td>hydroxyethyl cellulose</td><td> 90,000 - 1,300,000</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 75,000 - 215,000</td>
<td>carboxymethyl cellulose</td><td> 49,000 - 725,000</td>
<td>carboxymethyl cellulose from sodium</td><td> 49,000 - 725,000</td>
<td>povidone</td><td> 4,000 - 1,300,000</td>
<td>copovidone</td><td> 47,000</td>
<td>hydroxypropyl cellulose</td><td> 40,000 - 1,150,000</td>
<td>xanthan gum</td><td> 1,000,000</td>
Average molecular weight:
polyethylene oxide
100,000 - 7,000,000
The dosage form may optionally include another deterrent of abuse in the form of a wax, such as a wax / grease material as described in the co-pending United States of America patent application.
Applicant
2008/0311205, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Wax can be a solid wax material that is presented in the dosage form at a location that inhibits an addict from grinding, grinding, or otherwise forming the dosage form into a ground powder that could be abused by a mode of nasal insufflation, or from which the active pharmaceutical agent can be easily removed and accessed such as by dissolution or extraction using a solvent.
The wax may be present in the dosage form at one location and in an amount also so as not to interfere with the desired absorption of the active pharmaceutical ingredient by a patient after oral ingestion, in an immediate release dosage form.
An exemplary location is in a core of a particle that covers the core, especially a core that also contains gelling polymer and which may or may not contain the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Wax located in a nucleus of a particle (for example, a particle that covers the nucleus) that also includes the active pharmaceutical ingredient (for example, in a layer that covers the nucleus, or inside the nucleus) will become mixed with the active pharmaceutical ingredient during crushing or grinding, etc., of the particle. As previously discussed, the dosage form may also include core-covering particles that do not contain an API. Wax that is located in a core of such a particle (for example, a particle that covers the core) that does not contain API will also become mixed with the API (for example, API present in particles that contain API that cover the core that they are also present in the dosage form) during grinding, milling, etc., of the dosage form. When the wax is mixed with the pharmaceutical active ingredient, the active ingredient is inhibited or prevented from becoming hitherto dissolved in a solvent such as water, or otherwise efficiently accessed by an addict.
A (uncoated) core of a particle covering the core can contain any useful amount of wax, up to and including 100 percent wax, for example, from 0.1 to 85 weight percent wax based on a total weight of the core, such as from 15 to 60 or 25 to 50 weight percent wax based on total core weight. More generally, a useful amount of wax in a dosage form (for example, with the wax located in the coated particle, for example, in the core) may range from 0.05 to 15 weight percent of wax based on weight Total of a dosage form, for example, from 0.1 to 10 or from 2 to 5 weight percent wax based on the total weight of the dosage form.
Wax can be a wax material (eg, grease) that is generally hydrophobic and can be either solid or liquid at room temperature, preferably solid at room temperature (25 degrees Celsius). Generally useful fats include those hydrophobic materials that are generally fatty acid-based compounds that have a hydrophilic / lipophilic balance (HLB) of 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and most preferably 2 or less. A fat can have any melting temperature, with preferred fats being solid at room temperature and having a melting point that is at least 30 degrees Celsius, for example, at least 40 degrees Celsius, for example, at least 50 degrees Celsius. Useful fats include fatty acids and fatty esters that can be substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, and that have a chain length of at least 10, 12, or 14 carbons. Esters can include a fatty acid group bond for any one of an alcohol, glycol, or glycerol. With respect to glycerols, for example, mono, di, and fatty substituted tri-glycerols may be useful as well as mixtures thereof.
Suitable wax ingredients include fatty acid esters, fatty acid esters of glycerol, derived from fatty glycerides, waxes, and fatty alcohols such as, for example, glycerol behenate (also called glyceryl behenate, glycerol behenate, docosanoate of glycerol) (eg COMPRITOL®), glycerol palmitostearate (PRECIROL®), glycerol monostearate, stearoyl macroglycerides (GELUCIRE® 50/13). Other waxes more generally include insect and animal waxes, vegetable waxes, mineral waxes, petroleum waxes, and synthetic waxes; particularly examples include beeswax, carnauba wax, condelilla wax, montana wax, ouricuri wax, rice bran wax, jojoba wax, microcrystalline wax, cetyl ester wax, cetyl alcohol, anionic emulsifying wax, emulsifying wax nonionic and paraffin wax.
The dosage form may optionally include another deterrent of abuse in the form of a filler or binder material provided in a way to compromise abuse practices where an addict crushes, grinds, or otherwise forms the dosage form into a powder. ground which could be abused by a mode of nasal insufflation, or of which the active pharmaceutical agent can be easily removed and accessed such as by dissolution or extraction using a solvent.
The binder or filler may be present in the dosage form at one location and in an amount also so as not to interfere with the desired absorption of the active pharmaceutical ingredient by a patient after oral ingestion, in an immediate release dosage form. An exemplary location is in a nucleus of a particle that covers the nucleus. The suitable filler or binder located in a core of a particle (eg, a particle covering the core) that also includes an active pharmaceutical ingredient (eg, in a layer covering the core, or within the core) will become a mixture with the active pharmaceutical ingredient during crushing or grinding, etc., of the particle. As previously discussed, the shape of. Dosage can also include particles covering the core that does not contain an API. The filler or binder that is located in a core of such a particle (for example, a particle that covers the core) that does not contain API will also become mixed with the API (for example, API present in particles that contain API that cover the core that are also present in the dosage form) during grinding, grinding, etc., of the dosage form. When a filler or binder is mixed with the active pharmaceutical ingredient, the active pharmaceutical ingredient is inhibited or prevented from
<td>become</td><td colspan="2">until now</td><td>in dissolved</td><td colspan="2">in a solvent such as</td>
<td>water or</td><td>other</td><td>way</td><td>accessed from</td><td>efficiently by</td><td>a</td>
<td>addict.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>When</td><td>I know</td><td>presents</td><td colspan="2">inside a nucleus or particle</td><td>of</td>
a dosage form, for example, in a core of a particle covering the core, filler or binder may be present in any useful amount, such as from 0 to and including 100 percent filler or binder (either plainly or in combination) in a core of a particle that covers the core, for example, from 10 to 95 weight percent filler or binder (either singly or in combination) based on total core weight, such as from 40 to 85 or 50 to 75 weight percent based on total core weight. Examples of cores containing high levels of filler include spherical particles containing 100 percent sugar, and spherical particles containing 100 percent microcrystalline cellulose. Inert spherical filler products such as these, having useful particle sizes, are commercially available under the tradename Celphere®, and under the tradename Suglets® (sugar spheres, which also contain starch), are included as follows: CELPHERE SCP-100 (Particle Size (qm) 75-212); CELPHERE SCP-102 (Particle Size (qm) 106212); CELPHERE SCP-203 (Particle size (qm) 150-300); CELPHERE SCP-305 (Particle Size (qm) 300-500); CELPHERE SCP-507 (Particle size (qm) 500-710); CELPHERE SCP-708 (Particle size (qm) 710-850). The particle sizes of these can be considered to be useful for any core as described herein, prepared from any single filler, gelling polymer, binder, any combination thereof, or any single or combination of materials combined with API.
Another optional abuse deterrent that can be included in a dosage form as described is a layer of film or coating as part of a core-covering particle that sits on top of and surrounds an API. The film layer may also be present as a core coating or particulate coating which does not contain an API or API layer. The film layer can be any film layer capable of being applied as a film layer for core-surrounding, API-surrounding particles, or for core-covering particles that do not contain an API or API layer.
The film layer can be made of, and will include any pharmaceutically acceptable film-forming polymer material, such as one or more of a binder (eg, as described herein, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, poly (methyl methacrylates), ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like), a solvent resistant coating, and a pH sensitive layer (also sometimes referred to as a reverse enteric material or layer), eg, Eudragit® E 100. The film layer may include any one of these materials alone (eg, a film layer may include 100 percent of a single of one of these types of materials), or a layer of film may include a combination of two or more of these types of materials.
A solvent resistant layer is a film layer that slows or prevents the release of a drug in a solvent (for example, one or more of water, ethanol, and methanol) although it still allows the drug to release normally in a gastrointestinal tract when ingest as an immediate-release oral dosage form. This type of deterrent of abuse, for example, solvent resistant film, can inhibit access to an API from a dosage form by preventing or preventing an addict from dissolving a powder or intact dosage form in a solvent type that will Often used by an addict (eg, water, ethanol, methanol). At the same time, the solvent resistant film can be dissolved in a human gastrointestinal tractor fast enough to allow an immediate release profile. As a deterrent to abuse this type of solvent resistant film covers and encloses API from a particle that covers the core and acts as a retardant or barrier film to prevent or delay access to the API by the use of solvent.
A solvent resistant film is one that does not readily or immediately dissolve in a small volume of a solvent of the type often used by an addict to dissolve an API, such as any one of water or a 1-4 atom alcohol. carbon such as ethanol or methanol. A small volume refers to an amount of such solvent that it can contain an amount of dissolved API that is concentrated enough to be useful to an addict to perform the intended biological effect of drug abuse, and is also capable of being administered for abuse. API, for example, a volume that may contain a quantity (concentration) of API that is effective in achieving a desired height if administered by injection or nasal insufflation, the volume also being small enough to allow the volume to be administered by injection or nasal insufflation. For a dosage form to be useful for abuse as such, an API in the dosage form should be able to be accessed and dissolved in sufficient concentration by an addict without undue complication, in a small volume of solvent, which is a volume that It can be administered by injection or by nasal insufflation. Generally, a small volume of solvent means 50 milliliters or less, or 20 milliliters or less, or 10 milliliters or less, or 5 milliliters or less (volumes that could be injected or used for nasal insufflation).
A solvent resistant film layer can be a film placed on a particle covering the core that is difficult to dissolve in a small volume of water or 1 to 4 carbon atoms alcohol such as ethanol or methanol, for example, that it does not immediately dissolve in one or more of water or any of one of 1 to 4 carbon atoms alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. The solvent resistant film thereby retards or prevents an addict from accessing an API portion of a core covering particle if the core covering particle is placed in one of these solvents. The solvent resistant film does not need to be completely or substantially insoluble in any one of these solvents, or in all of the solvents, and should be capable of allowing the API to be accessed quickly enough, in a gastrointestinal tract, for the dosage form to be useful as an immediate release dosage form.
A particular example of a solvent resistant film is a film that inhibits the pH-dependent solubility properties of a solvent. An example of a solvent resistant film may be a film that is substantially or completely insoluble at a pH that is greater than a pH condition of a human stomach, and that is sufficiently soluble to a pH condition of a stomach (and tract Gastrointestinal) to allow the film to dissolve and release the API quickly enough that the dosage form can be useful as an immediate-release oral dosage form. A pH sensitive film is a type of solvent resistant film, and can be placed in a dosage form that surrounds an active pharmaceutical ingredient and inhibits or prevents access to and dissolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a solvent outside of a stomach (eg. example, in a neutral pH environment), while still allowing the active pharmaceutical ingredient to be efficiently released from an immediate release dosage form in a lower pH environment of a user's stomach. This type of deterrent of abuse can significantly prevent or impede access by the addict to an active pharmaceutical agent in a dosage form (for example, in the nucleus of a particle covering the nucleus or in a layer placed in the nucleus, or in both the core and the layer placed in the core) by use of a solvent that is outside a stomach and that does not have a relatively acidic pH, such as water or an alcohol of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, etc., or a mixture thereof, having a pH that is greater than a pH found in a human stomach, for example a pH greater than 4; higher
6.
than 5; or greater than 5.5; or greater than
<td>A sensitive film</td><td>to</td><td>pH can be</td><td>Useful</td><td>how</td><td>a</td>
<td colspan="2">solvent resistant film</td><td>, placed in</td><td>a</td><td>shape</td><td>of</td>
<td>dosage as a layer</td><td>of</td><td>a particle</td><td>than</td><td>it covers</td><td>the</td>
<td>core to surround, cover,</td><td>or</td><td>enclose a</td><td colspan="2">portion of</td><td>the</td>
the ingredient the core particle coating that contains active pharmaceutical.
For example, in a core-covering particle, an active pharmaceutical ingredient may be located as desired in a core or in an outer layer of an uncoated or coated core; A solvent resistant film in the form of a pH sensitive film can be placed as a separate layer that surrounds or covers the portion of the particle that covers the core containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The pH sensitive layer may be in direct contact with (adjacent to) a core or a layer including active pharmaceutical ingredient; alternatively a core covering particle may include one or more intermediate layers between a pH sensitive film and a core or layer that includes the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Furthermore, a pH sensitive film can be included in the dosage form as a layer of a core-covering particle that contains neither an API layer nor any API.
A useful pH sensitive layer may include a polymer or other material that can be placed as a layer of a particle as described herein, such as to cover an innermost layer or core containing active pharmaceutical ingredient, to form a sensitive film. at pH surrounding or covering the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The pH sensitive film can be solubilized by exposure to a liquid that inhibits a pH that may be present in the stomach of a user of the dosage form, such as a pH below 6 or below 5.5. To function as a deterrent feature of abuse, that is, to inhibit or prevent efficient access to the active pharmaceutical ingredient by exposing the dosage form (optionally ground or powder) to an readily available solvent, the pH sensitive layer may contain polymer that it is not readily or substantially soluble at a pH that is greater than a pH found in a human stomach, eg, a pH greater than 6; Being insoluble at a pH greater than 6, the pH sensitive polymer will not dissolve in many solvents readily available and commonly used by an addict to extract a water soluble drug in a dosage form such as water, ethanol, methane! etc.
Examples of useful pH sensitive polymer in a pH sensitive film include the class of reverse enteric polymers that contain cationic functional groups and that exhibit pH dependent solubility as described herein. Examples include polymers that contain basic functional groups such as amino groups, and that exhibit solubility under pH conditions found in a (human) stomach but not under relatively pH conditions.
<td>superiors,</td><td>by</td><td colspan="2">example not above a</td><td colspan="2">pH of 4, 5, or</td>
<td>5.5, or not</td><td>by</td><td>over</td><td>with a pH of 6.</td><td>examples</td><td>plus</td>
<td>specific</td><td>of</td><td>such</td><td>polymers sensitive to</td><td colspan="2">pH include</td>
<td>copolymers</td><td>of</td><td>dimethyl</td><td>aminoethyl methacrylates,</td><td>and esters</td><td>of</td>
neutral methacrylic acid; for example, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylates, and methyl methacrylates, such as in a 2: 1: 1 ratio. Examples of such polymers are commercially available under the tradename Eudragit® E-100, Eudragit® PO, Eudragit® E 12.5, and similar amino functional pH sensitive polymers. A preferred pH sensitive polymer is the Eudragit E100 polymer, but any polymer that is sufficiently hydrophilic at a low pH and hydrophobic at a higher pH to exhibit pH dependent solubility as described, may also be effective if it is otherwise acceptable for use in a pharmaceutical dosage form, for example as a non-toxic ingredient in an oral dosage form. Reverse enteric compositions are also described in EP 1694724 Bl, entitled pH-sensitive polymer and process for the preparation thereof.
When presented as a coating of a particle containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient, a solvent resistant film layer may be present in any amount useful as a deterrent to abuse, such as in a range of 0.1 to 90 weight percent of a total weight of a particle covering the nucleus, for example from 3 to 50 or 4 to 40 percent by weight of solvent resistant polymer per total weight of the particle covering the core. More generally, a useful amount of solvent or polymer resistant film layer in a dosage form can range from 1 to 50 weight percent of solvent or polymer resistant film layer based on a total weight of one dosage form, for example, from 2 to 30 or from 3 to 15 weight percent of solvent resistant polymer based on the total weight of the dosage form. Similarly, when presented as a coating of a particle that does not contain an API, a solvent resistant film layer can be present in any amount useful as a deterrent to abuse, for example in the same numerical ranges as described above for coating particles containing API.
A dosage form as currently described may also preferably include a disintegrant, which functions to cause the dosage form to expand and rupture during use, for example, under conditions of a human stomach, to allow the active pharmaceutical ingredient to the dosage form released in a way to achieve an immediate release profile. Disintegrants are known as ingredients of pharmaceutical dosage forms, with several examples being known and commercially available. Examples of disintegrants include compositions of or containing
<td>glycolate</td><td>of sodium starch, starch (for example, starch</td>
<td>corn,</td><td>potato starch, rice starch, starch</td>
<td>tapioca,</td><td>wheat starch, corn starch and starch</td>
pregelatinized), croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone (cross-linked polyvinyl N-pyrrolidone or PVP) (polyplasdone XL
10), sodium starch glycolate (EXPLOTAB® or PRIMOJEL®), any combination of two or more of the above, and other pharmaceutically acceptable particulate materials having a particle size, density, etc., to allow processing of the disintegrant in a useful immediate release dosage form.
The disintegrant can be present in an immediate release dosage form at any location that allows the disintegrant to function as desired, to expand into the intact dosage form, after ingestion, to cause the ingested dosage form to break. and is allowed for the immediate desired release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient from the dosage form, in a stomach. A useful location for a disintegrant may be as a component of an excipient used to contain particles covering the core containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient, as described herein, in a dosage form such as a compressed tablet or capsule.
When included as an excipient in a dosage form, the disintegrant may be present in a useful amount to achieve immediate release of an API from a dosage form. Examples of useful amounts of disintegrant in an immediate release dosage form as described herein can range from 0.5 to 50 weight percent disintegrant based on a total weight of the dosage form, for example , from 1 to 30 weight percent disintegrant based on the total weight of the dosage form. The amount of disintegrant in a matrix of a dosage form can be consistent with these amounts, for example, the disintegrant can be included in a matrix (eg, total of a dosage form that is different from coated particles or API) of a dosage form in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 50 weight percent disintegrant based on a total weight of the matrix, for example, from 1 to 30 weight percent disintegrant based on the total weight of the matrix.
A dosage form as described can also include any of several known and conventional pharmaceutical excipients that may be useful in achieving the desired performance and processing properties of an immediate release dosage form. These excipients include fillers, binders, lubricants, glides, coloring agents, pH adjusters, etc., and can be included in core-covering particles or in a matrix (eg, compressed matrix) of a tablet or capsule. A more detailed description of pharmaceutical excipients that can also be included in the tablets of the present invention can be found in The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 5<sup>to</sup> ed. (2006).
A pH adjuster may be included in an immediate release dosage form as described, for example at a location to affect pH at a specific location on the dosage form that is only a portion of a total dosage form. As an example, a pH adjuster in the form of a base can be included at a location of a gelling polymer containing acidic functionalities, to neutralize acidic functionalities. The amount of the pH adjuster included in the gelling polymer location can be an effective amount to neutralize the acidic functionalities of the gelling polymer at such location. More specifically, a component of a dosage form as described that includes an acidic functional gelling polymer such as a carbopol can include a base in an amount and location to neutralize the acidic functionalities of such a polymer. The pH adjuster may be located at a location effective to cause such neutralization, for example, at the location of the dosage form containing the acidic functional gelling polymer, for example in a core of a particle covering the core or as part of an excipient that includes acidic functional gelling polymer and that functions to bind the particles together as a dosage form.
Examples of fillers that may be useful in an immediate release dosage form as described include lactose, starch, dextrose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol, kaolin, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose powder, calcium sulfate, phosphate. calcium, calcium diphosphate, lactitol or any combination of the above. As compared to non-filler ingredients such as gelling polymer, a filler will have a molecular weight that does not result in a substantial viscosity increase or gel formation as described herein for a gelling polymer, if combined with such a solvent. like water.
A filler can be present in any portion of a dosage form as described, including a particle covering the core; The filler may be present in a core, in a layer containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient that is placed in the core, in a solvent resistant film, in the matrix, or in two or more of these portions of the dosage form. The filler may be present in any one or more of these portions of a dosage form in an amount to provide functional properties or desired processing of a portion of the dosage form and of the entire dosage form. The amount of total filler in a dosage form may also be as desired to provide the desired functionality, including an immediate release profile, for example in an amount ranging from 0 to 80 percent by weight of then-based filler. of the total weight of the dosage form, for example from 5 to 50 percent filler based on the total weight of the dosage form.
Examples of binders that can be included in a dosage form as described include polymeric material such as alginic acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, dextrin, ethyl cellulose, gelatin, starch, pregelatinized starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamides, polyvinyloxoazolidone, polyvinyl alcohols, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose and any combination of two or more of these. A binder can be a water soluble material; As compared to non-binder ingredients such as a gelling polymer, a binder is of a molecular weight that does not result in the formation of a highly viscous gel or composition after combining with a small volume of water. A binder can exhibit a relatively low molecular weight as compared to a gelling polymer, and a relatively lower viscosity (eg, when measured in a 2% aqueous solution). The polymer useful as a binder can typically have a molecular weight of less than 50,000, for example, less than 30,000, or less than 10,000.
A binder may be present in any portion of a dosage form as described, including a core or a film or coating of a particle that covers the core, or as part of an excipient to contain or bind particles that cover the core in a dosage form. The filler can be included in a core of a particle that covers the core in combination with the active pharmaceutical ingredient, gelling polymer, or both; as part of an active pharmaceutical layer located on a nucleus or another layer of a particle that covers the nucleus; as part of a solvent resistant film; or within an excipient useful for binding particles in a dosage form. A binder may be present in any one or more of these portions of an immediate release dosage form as described, in an amount to provide desired processing functional properties in each portion of the dosage form and of the general dosage form. .
The amount of total binder in a dosage form may also be as desired to provide desired functionality, including immediate release functionality, for example in an amount in a range from
0.1 to 10 weight percent binder based on a total weight of a dosage form, eg, from
0.5 to 7 weight percent binder based on the total weight of the dosage form.
Examples of lubricants include inorganic materials such as talc (a hydrated magnesium silicate; polymers, such as, PEG 4000; fatty acids, such as stearic acid; fatty acid esters, such as glyceride esters (eg, glyceryl monostearate , glyceryl tribehenate, and glyceryl dibehenate);
sugar esters (eg, sorbitan monostearate and sucrose monopalmitate); glyceryl dibehenate (Compritol® 888 ATO); and metal salts of fatty acids (eg, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, and zinc stearate). Accordingly, commonly used lubricants include talc, glyceryl monostearates, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, glyceryl behenate, polyethylene glycol, poloxamer, and combinations of the foregoing.
The lubricant can be included in an immediate release dosage form as described in any useful amount such as an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10 weight percent of lubricant based on a total weight of a dosage form, for example , from 0.5 to 7 percent by weight of lubricant based on the total weight of the dosage form.
Examples of glides include colloidal silicon dioxide, untreated fumed silica (eg, as available under the trade name Cab-O-Sil®), and fused or crystalline quartz. The slider can be included in an immediate release dosage form as described, in any useful amount.
Examples of coloring agents include FDyC type lacquers and pigments, fruit and vegetable extracts, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and mixtures thereof. A coloring agent can be incorporated into a dosage form by mixing the coloring agent with any other ingredient. Alternately, the coloring agent can be applied to an outer surface in a dosage form.
Any active pharmaceutical ingredient alone or in combination can be included in an immediate release dosage form as described herein. With deterrent characteristics of abuse as described herein, some being operational based on specific compositional or structural characteristics of a particle covering the core, APIs that may be particularly useful may be those types of active pharmaceutical ingredients that can be subjected to abuse, addiction, overdose, or two or more of these; Such APIs can be located in the dosage form at a location to cause the API to undergo deterrent abuse of the core-covering particle, for example, in a core or inner layer of a core-covering particle.
Drugs commonly susceptible to abuse include sedative hypnotics, stimulants (eg, central nervous system stimulants (CNS)), anxiolytics, antipsychotics, dissociative anesthetics, and narcotic pain relievers including but not limited to drugs that can cause physical or psychological dependence on the drug. An API can include any therapeutically acceptable drug salt, drug derivative, drug analog, drug homolog, or polymorph of an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Sedative hypnotics include, for example, barbiturates, for example phenobarbital, methobarbital, amobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; benzodiazepines, for example diazepam, chlorodiazepoxide, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, alprazolam and flurazepam and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; phenothiazines, such as, for example, alimentamazine, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and sleep medications, eszopiclone, and such as, for example, zolpidem, zaleplon, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Anxiolytics include, for example, benzodiazepines, for example diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, estazolam, lorazepam, triazolam, alprazolam, clonazepam, and flurazepam, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. CNS stimulants include, for example, amphetamines, such as, for example, dextroamphetamine, levoamphetamine (benzadrine), methamphetamine (methadrine), pseudoephedrine, and Adderall (salts mixed with amphetamine) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and amphetamine-free psychostimulants such as methylphenidate, modafinil and armodafinil and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Narcotic pain relievers include opioids such as, for example, buprenorphine, butorphanol, codeine, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, methadone, fentanyl, meperidine, tramadol, propoxyphene, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Antipsychotic agents can include, for example, phenothiazines as listed above, butyrophenones, such as, for example, droperidol and haloperidol, dibenzoxazepines such as loxapine, and atypical antipsychotic agents such as aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, quetiapine, quetiapine. and remoxipride.
Other specific drugs that may be susceptible to abuse include, for example, muscle relaxants such as for example cyclobenzaprine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, cannabinols (for example, Δ<sup>1</sup>Canabidiol. to<sup>2</sup>-canabidiol, Á<sup>3</sup>-canabidiol, ñ<sup>3</sup>'<sup>7</sup>-canabidiol, Δ<sup>4</sup>Canabidiol, A<sup>5</sup>-canabidiol, and A<sup>6</sup>-canabidiol); cannabinoids, such as dronabinol, delta-9-tetrahydrocanabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), nabilone, dexanabinol, ajulemic acid, cannabinor, rimonabant, and taranabant, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and dissociative anesthetic agents such as ketamine and Esketamine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
The amount of the active pharmaceutical ingredient included in an immediate release dosage form can be any useful amount, as known and as can be found in relevant literature such as Goodman & Gillman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9<sup>to</sup> ed. Pages 219-222, 361-396, 521-535 1996. For example, typical therapeutic amounts of oxycodone in the range of 5 mg, 10 mg, or up to 400 mg, for the hydrochloride salt. Often, when processed into a suitable immediate-release dosage form, the active pharmaceutical ingredient may be present in such a dosage form in a normally prescribed amount, typically 0.5 to 25 percent of a dry weight basis, based on the total weight of the dosage form. With respect to narcotic pain relievers such as opioids in a single unit dosage form, such as at a level of from about 1 to about 500 mg, or from about 1 to about 250 mg, or from about 1 to about 100 mg; for example, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, or 30, milligram (mg) per unit dosage form. In other embodiments, a dosage form contains any appropriate amount of an API to provide a therapeutic effect.
The present invention is also directed to treatment methods, which comprise orally administering an effective amount of the immediate release abuse deterrent dosage form described herein. For example, provided herein is a method of treating or preventing pain or discomfort in a subject in need of it by administering an effective amount of the immediate release abuse deterrent dosage form described herein that contains an API that is a narcotic analgesic drug such as an opioid drug.
Also provided herein is a method of treating sleep disorders in a subject in need of it by administering an effective amount of the immediate release abuse deterrent dosage form described herein which contains an API which is a sedative hypnotic drug. such as a barbiturate.
Also proportion herein is a method of treating anxiety in a subject in need of it by administering an effective amount of the immediate release abuse deterrent dosage form described herein which contains an API which is an anxiolytic drug such as an benzodiazepine.
Also provided herein is a method of treating psychosis in a subject in need thereof by administering an effective amount of the immediate release abuse deterrent dosage form described herein containing an API which is an antipsychotic drug such as quetiapine .
An effective amount of when used in connection with the composition described herein is an amount sufficient to produce a therapeutic result in a subject in need thereof. For example, a therapeutic result may include, but is not limited to treating or preventing pain, sleep disorders, anxiety, or psychotic symptoms by a subject.
A dosage form as described may optionally include one or more additional APIs of a type that is not commonly susceptible to abuse. These additional APIs can be any desired or suitable APIs, such as those in the non-spheroidal analgesic drug class.
The term "non-spheroidal analgesic drugs" as used herein refers to drugs including those commonly referred to as non-spheroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDS, and acetaminophen, which is not spheroidal but does not act by means of an inflammation mechanism . Accordingly, the term non-spheroidal analgesic drugs should include acetaminophen, and also include NSAIDS such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. The dosage form also exhibits immediate release properties with respect to these APIs not commonly abused. And these APIs can be present in the dosage form at any useful level, typically 0.5 to 25, per
<td>example 1 to 10 percent</td><td>API weight</td><td colspan="2">on a basis of</td>
<td>dry weight, based on</td><td>total weight of</td><td>the</td><td>form of</td>
<td>dosage, for example in</td><td colspan="2">a level of or between</td><td> 5, 25, 50,</td>
<td> 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200,</td><td> 300, 325, 500,</td><td> 750</td><td>or until or</td>
<td>exceeding 1000 milligrams</td><td>(mg) per unit</td><td>of</td><td>form of</td>
dosage. In other embodiments, a dosage form contains an appropriate amount of an API to provide a therapeutic effect.
An immediate-release dosage form as described can include one or more of the described deterrent features of abuse, alone or in combination; for example, one or more of: gelling polymer as part of a core-covering particle (eg, in a core of the core-covering particle); wax as part of a particle that covers the nucleus (for example, in a nucleus of the particle that covers the nucleus); binder or filler as part of a core-covering particle (eg, in a core of the core-covering particle); a film layer that may optionally be a solvent resistant film (eg, pH sensitive film) as part of a layer covering the core; or gelling polymer as a component of an excipient or binder used to hold the core covering particles together as part of an immediate release dosage form. With these deterrent features of abuse, other types of known deterrent features of abuse may not be necessary and may be specifically excluded from an immediate-release dosage form as described. Certain modalities of the described dosage forms may specifically exclude other types of deterrents of abuse.
Specifically, some dosage forms include nasal irritant to prevent or prevent abuse by nasal insufflation. Nasal irritahte may be a mucous membrane irritant or a nasal irritant which, if inhaled through the nasal route when contained in a powdered or milled dosage form, may induce pain or irritation of the tissue of the the addict's nasal passage. Examples include surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, poloxamer, sorbitan monoesters, and glyceryl monooleates. Certain particular embodiments of the dosage forms of the present disclosure are not required, and may specifically exclude, nasal irritants such as those described above.
Alternately, the dosage forms may include an emetic agent, to induce vomiting. Certain particular embodiments of the dosage forms of the present disclosure are not required and can specifically exclude an emetic agent.
Alternately, some dosage forms include an effervescent agent that acts as a deterrent to abuse by nasal insufflation. The effervescent includes an acidic component and a basic component that releases a gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide when combined in the presence of an aqueous medium, such as after nasal insufflation. See, eg, patent publication WO 2013/077851, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. The acidic source may be, for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, ascorbic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. The base can be, for example, a carbonate or bicarbonate. The dosage forms of the present disclosure are not required, and can specifically exclude, an effervescent agent in the form of an acid and a base that can combine a gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide.
Still other dosage forms include a biologically active chemical compound that functions as an antagonist to an active pharmaceutical ingredient. An antagonist can prevent potential abuse of a dosage form in one way, including the method of consuming multiple or multiple or more dosage form units at once. Antagonists are compounds that block or nullify the effect of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, and are available and known for various classes of drugs including opioids and other pharmaceutical agents.
Examples of antagonistic agents for opioids include compounds such as naltrexone, naloxone, nalmefene, cyclazacin, levalorfan.
Specific examples of antagonist agents and methods of preparing antagonist agents for incorporation in a dosage form are provided in US Patent Nos. 7,682,633 and 7,658,939, which are incorporated herein by reference. In accordance with the present disclosure, an immediate release dosage form that includes an opioid and that includes one or more deterrent features of abuse as described herein (eg, a gelling polymer, wax, solvent resistant film, or a combination thereof), can be formulated not to contain and to specifically exclude an API antagonist that is also included in the dosage form, for example, an opioid antagonist in a dosage form containing an opioid.
Referring to Figures IA and IB, a dosage form may include the API-containing particles 10A. The particle (eg, coated particle or core-covering particle) can include a core 12a (or uncoated core), which can be coated with one or more layers, films, or coatings, eg, 14a, 16a, or any coating or additional layer that is covered over, under, or in between. In Figures IB and IC, the designated layer 16a may be a layer-containing API, and the layer designated 14a may be a resistive solvent, eg, a pH sensitive layer film. Particle 10A may contain one or more of the ingredients described herein, such as any one or more of API (especially an API that is susceptible to abuse), a gelling polymer, optional wax, optional solvent resistant layer, as well as one or more additional layer (s) below, above, or intermediate these layers or between either the layer and the core. Each layer may be present in size or quantity (eg, thickness) which will result in a useful immediate release dosage form having one or more of the abuse deterrent characteristics previously described. Other optional components of a core or particle layer 10a may be filler, binder, other excipient, or solvent (no more than a residual amount, if any) such as water or ethanol for use in preparing the coated particle, and removing it. substantially after the formation of the core, coating, or coated particle. Examples of the 10A core may include any amount of the different ingredients of: a gelling polymer (eg from 0 to 100 percent of a core), filler as described herein such as sugar (mannitol) or microcrystalline cellulose (eg example, from 0 to 100 percent of a core), binder (for example, from 0 to 100 percent of a core), and wax (for example, from 0 to 100 percent of a core).
Although the particles covering the core 10a are believed to be new and inventive, certain steps in the method useful for preparing these novel coated particles may be known. Available methods include certain methods and processing steps known to be useful for preparing particles and coated particles in pharmaceutical techniques. A core covering particle 10a can be prepared by an initial step to mix core ingredients 12a with a solvent such as water or ethanol and form the mixture into a spherical core particle by known methods. The particle can be dried and separated by size, and then one or more coatings in the form of a layer or continuous film can be applied to the core, optionally successively to produce multiple layers surrounding the core. General processing to produce a multilayer coated particle can include a series of steps such as compounding, mixing, granulating, wet milling, coating (by any method such as fluidized bed coating, spray coating, etc.), and one or more drying steps such as by use of a fluidized bed or other drying method. Intermittently between the coating and core forming stages, for example, after a drying stage, the coated or uncoated particles can be sorted or separated on the basis of size to produce a composition or collection of particles having a range of desired size and distribution. Consequently, the coated qranulate compositions according to the invention can be prepared by a process comprising:
(i) granulating a wax or a gelling polymer, or a mixture thereof, in the presence of a hydroalcoholic suspension or solution comprising a suitable binder, to form granules;
(ii) layering the granules formed in step (i) with a solution or suspension comprising an API; and (iii) coating the layered granules formed in step (ii) with a solution or suspension comprising a film-forming polymer material to form a coated layered granulate.
The above process may further comprise the steps of grinding and drying the granulate formed in step (i).
In cases where the core comprises a sugar sphere or a microcrystalline cellulose sphere, the above process steps could be modified as follows:
(i) providing a sugar sphere (or microcrystalline cellulose sphere);
(ii) layering the sugar sphere (or microcrystalline cellulose sphere) with a solution or suspension comprising an API; and (iii) coating the layered sphere formed in step (ii) with a solution or suspension comprising a film-forming polymer material to form a coated layered sphere.
Tablets according to the invention can be prepared by a process comprising:
(i) combining the coated layered granulate (or the coated layered sphere) prepared according to any of the above processes with a second API (eg, acetaminophen), a gelling polymer, and a disintegrant, and optionally , with at least one additional excipient selected from a filler, a colorant, and a pH adjusting agent, to form a first mixture and then mix the first mixture for a suitable time;
(ii) adding a lubricant to the mixed mixture formed in step (i) to form a second mixture, and then mixing the second mixture for a suitable time;
(iii) compressing the mixed mixture formed in step (ii) to form tablets.
A suitable time for mixing in step (i) can
<td>be by</td><td>example,</td><td colspan="5">from around 5 to around</td><td>of</td><td> 90</td>
<td>minutes,</td><td>or from</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 10</td><td>until</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 60</td>
<td>minutes,</td><td>or from</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 20</td><td>until</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 40</td>
minutes, or about 30 minutes. A suitable time for mixing in step (ii) can be, for example, from about 1 to about 30 minutes, or from about 5 to about 20 minutes, or about 10 minutes.
In certain embodiments as shown in Figures IA, IB, and 1C, an immediate release dosage form as described may include a core-covering particle 10A that includes a core 12A that contains only a minor amount of API or that it contains a non-substantial amount of API. Core 12A may contain less than 5 weight percent, eg, less than 1 or less than 0.5 weight percent of active pharmaceutical ingredient based on a total core weight of the core-covering particle. Alternatively, core 12A may contain less than 5 weight percent of a total amount of pharmaceutical ingredient in a core-covering polymer, for example, less than 5, less than 1, or less than 0.5 weight percent ingredient. Active pharmaceutical based on the total weight of API in the particle that covers the nucleus. In these embodiments, a major portion of API may be contained within core 12A, for example, in an API layer 16a, which may contain at least 50, at least 75, or at least 90, or at least 95 weight percent of a total amount of the API in a polymer that covers the core.
Core 12A may include binder, gelling polymer (eg, HPMC), wax, or filler, optionally alone or in combination, each in an amount to allow core materials to function as one or more abuse deterrent features as described here. See accompanying examples for examples of useful amounts and ranges of amounts of these ingredients.
Referring to Figure 1A, core 12A contains the gelling polymer, wax, binder, or filler, or any combination of these, and no API (meaning no more than a negligible amount, such as less than 0.5 or less than 0.1 weight percent based on 12A core weight). As shown in Figures IB and 1C, the core 12A, which does not contain API, can be coated with a coating layer containing API, for example, an active pharmaceutical layer or API layer 16A. As shown in Figure IB, the particle covering core 10A includes core 12A, which does not contain any APIs, and API layer 16A, which contains a number of APIs, such as a total amount of APIs (for example , API Commonly Susceptible to Abuse) to be contained in a prepared dosage form of the 10A particles. API layer 16A may contain one or more ingredients as described herein useful for forming API layer 16A as a layer on an outer surface of core 12A. (API at API layer 16A can be a type of API that is commonly susceptible to abuse, such as an opioid, and can account for all or most of (for example, at least 70, at least 80, at least 90 , or at least 95 percent) the total amount of such API in the particles that cover the core and in the dosage form; In this embodiment, the core may contain less than 10, less than 5, or less than 1 percent of the total amount of API in the particles that cover the core, and less than 10, 5, or 1 percent of the total amount. API in dosage form.) Non-API ingredients useful in an API layer may include a binder along with the API. The API and binder can be carried out in a solvent (eg, water, ethanol, or both) and coated and dried to form a preferably continuous film layer on an outer surface of the core 12A, that is, API layer 16A. See accompanying examples for examples of useful amounts and ranges of amounts of these ingredients.
A core covering particle 10A may also optionally include a film layer, eg, a solvent resistant layer (eg, a pH sensitive layer) 14A as described herein.
In certain alternative embodiments, a dosage form as described may include a core-covering particle 10B that includes a core 12B that does not contain a useful amount of API, such as a useful amount of API in an immediate-release dosage form that it has one or more abuse deterrent characteristics as described herein, prepared to include 10B particles. See Figures 2A and 2B. In accordance with such embodiments, the core 12B of particle 10B may contain an optional gelling polymer, wax, optional filler or binder, and an amount of API.
Referring to Figure 2A, core 12B contains gelling polymer, optional wax, optional binder, and API. Referring to Figure 2B, core 12B, containing API, can optionally be coated with the solvent resistant layer (eg, a pH sensitive layer) 14B as described herein for use in a release dosage form immediate. Core 12B may also optionally be coated with an API-containing coating layer, eg, an active pharmaceutical layer or API layer prior to application of the solvent resistant layer. Accordingly, the API containing core-covering particles as described herein may contain APIs of a type that is susceptible to abuse:
• in an API layer surrounding the core and in a substantial amount in the core;
• in an API layer surrounding the core and in a non-substantial amount in the core;
• only in an API layer surrounding the core; or • only in the core.
In certain alternative embodiments, a dosage form as described may include a particle covering the core 10B, as depicted in Figure 2B, which does not contain an API layer, and which does not contain any APIs. Referring to Figure 2C, such an API-free particle 10B may include core 12B containing gelling polymer, optional wax, and optional binder, whose core 12B may optionally be coated with the solvent resistant layer (eg, a pH sensitive layer) 14B as described herein for use in an immediate release dosage form.
A coated particle 10a or 10b that includes API, and optionally, a coated particle 10B that does not include API, can be included in any of a variety of dosage forms, examples include a compressed tablet or capsule, a suppository, capsule, tablet. oblong, pill, gel, soft gelatin capsule etc. As an example, a dosage form 12 can be prepared as a compressed tablet or compressed capsule. The tablet or capsule 12 may contain particles covering the core 10 (eg, 10A or 10B) distributed within a matrix 20, compressed to form the capsule or tablet 12. The particles covering the core 10A or 10B may be as described herein, generally or specifically, and may contain a suitable amount of API to provide a desired dosage after ingestion of the tablet or capsule 12; for example, matrix 20 does not include any substantial amount of API.
Matrix 20 can include ingredients useful in combination with the core coating particles 10A, 10B, to produce an immediate release dosage form. Examples of useful excipients in an immediate release dosage form may include ingredients that allow the dosage form to rupture or disintegrate upon ingestion and facilitate exposure to flow in a stomach, such as a useful amount of disintegrant. Examples of such excipients for
Such a dosage form may also include one or more ingredients that act as a deterrent to abuse, such as a gelling polymer as described herein. Other excipients may be useful for processing to form a compressed dosage form, and may also allow the compressed dosage form to function as an immediate release dosage form, with one or more abuse-deterrent characteristics.
EXAMPLES
The following non-limiting examples show various dosage forms as described herein. The exemplified and described dosage forms can be made from methods including granulation, coating, and compression steps as follows.
General procedure
Granulation
one. Glyceryl Behenate and Hypromellose K100M are dry blended in a high shear granulator. Hydroalcoholic ethyl cellulose solution is added.
Alternatively granulation can occur through high spray of the hydroalcoholic solution in a fluid bed granulator. Optionally, a portion of the ethyl cellulose, for example from around
<td>of</td><td> 10</td><td>until</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 50%</td><td>in</td><td>weight, or</td><td>since</td><td>around</td>
<td>of</td><td> 10</td><td>until</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 40%</td><td>in</td><td>weight, or</td><td>since</td><td>around</td>
<td>of</td><td> 15</td><td>until</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 30 %</td><td>in</td><td colspan="3">weight, dry mix</td>
with glyceryl behenate and hypromellose K100M before adding the hydroalcoholic solution containing the ethyl cellulose balance
one. (alternatively when API is included in the core) Glyceryl and hypromellose K100M and API are dry mixed in a high shear granulator. Hydroalcoholic ethyl cellulose solution is added. Alternatively granulation can occur through high spray of the hydroalcoholic solution in a fluid bed granulator. Optionally, a portion of the ethyl cellulose, for example from around
<td>of</td><td> 10</td><td>until</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 50%</td><td>in</td><td>weight, or from</td><td>around</td>
<td>of</td><td> 10</td><td>until</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 40%</td><td>in</td><td>weight, or from</td><td>around</td>
<td>of</td><td> 15</td><td>until</td><td>around</td><td>of</td><td> 30 %</td><td>in</td><td colspan="2">weight, dry mix</td>
with glyceryl behenate and hypromellose K100M before adding the hydroalcoholic solution containing the ethyl cellulose balance.
2. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and then dried using a fluid bed, and optionally selected.
Layer formation
3. The polymer granules are then layered using API Wurster Fluid Layer Forming Process (or alternatively, granulated using high shear granulation or spray fluid bed granulation process).
3. (alternatively when the coated granule will not contain API). The layering step is omitted and the coating from Step 4 below is applied to the granulate prepared in Step 1.
Covering
Four. The granules formed in layer from Stage 3 (or alternatively, when the coated granule will not contain API, the granules prepared in Stage
1) then overcoated using a fluid bed coater equipped with a Wurster insert (bottom spray assembly) with ethanolic copolymer suspension
Eudragit E100 and magnesium stearate. The coated particles are then selected and mixed.
Compressed mixing and compressing
The mixing, compression and bottling process for hydrocodone and acetaminophen tablets manufactured using the coated intermediate is as follows:
one. The coated granules containing API, APAP, crospovidone, Carbopol 71G, Sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, optionally non-API coated granules, and optionally a desired colorant, are then added to the mixer and mixed.
2. Magnesium stearate (and optionally dye) is then added to the mixer and mixed. The mixture is compressed into tablets using a rotary tablet press.
Example 1: Preparation of coated granules
Table 1: Components for granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules were made in a high shear granulator, where hypromellose and glyceryl behenate were dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then, a 10% hydroalcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose N10 was added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution was continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose was added. The granules were then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying.
Table 2: Components for granule formulation formed in layer
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydrocodone Bitartrate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The prepared granules were then layered in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with a 12% aqueous solution of Hydrocodone Bitartrate and HPMC 2910.
Table 3: Components for the formulation of coated granules
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in layer of hydrocodone bitartrate, 10%</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The Hydrocodone Bitartrate layered granules were then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated granules were subsequently used for the compression and further mixing process.
Example 2: Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Tablets
Table 4:
Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Tablet Formulation
<td>Component</td><td> %</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated hydrocodone bitartrate, 5%</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Ί Paracetamol</td><td> 33.7</td><td> 337</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 10.3</td><td> 103</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 12.0</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 15.0</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
<td colspan="3"><sup>1</sup> Contains 95% acetaminophen (APAP) and 5% gelatin</td>
The coated granules were prepared according to Example 1 above and mixed with paracetamol and other excipients (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Example 3: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
Table 5: Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Granule Formulation
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>tng / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>Core</td><td> 51.1</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td>Core</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>Core</td><td> 12</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 10</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>Movie</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>Movie</td><td> 33.3</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 200</td>
Table 6:
Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Tablet Formulation
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 200</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.1</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 42.9</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 130</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000</td>
Table 7: Composition of general hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablet
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 51.1</td>
<td>compritol</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 12</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>APAP *</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.1</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 42.9</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 130</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 43.3</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000</td>
<td colspan="2">* acetaminophen (acetyl-para- aminophenol).</td>
The coated granules were prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1. The prepared coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in mixer V for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Example 4: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
Table 8: Composition of hydrocodone / acetaminophen granule
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>Core</td><td> 25.5</td>
<td>compritol</td><td>Core</td><td> 10.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>Core</td><td> 6</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>Movie</td><td> 33.4</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td>Movie</td><td> 16.7</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 100</td>
Table 9: Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Tablets
<td>Component</td><td>mg / comp.</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 100</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 34.88</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 96</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 144</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 8</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 800.02</td>
The coated granules were prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1. The prepared coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in mixer V for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 10: Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Tablet Composition
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>ng / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 25.5</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td> 10.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 6</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td>
<td>AP AP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 34.88</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 96</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 144</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 24.7</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 800.02</td>
Example 5: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
Table 11: Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Granule Composition
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>Core</td><td> 50.1</td>
<td>compritol</td><td>Core</td><td> 21.5</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>Core</td><td> 11.8</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 9.8</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 4.9</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>Movie</td><td> 65.4</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>Movie</td><td> 32.7</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 196.2</td>
Table 12:
Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Tablet Composition
<td>Component</td><td>mg / comp.</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 196.1</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 46.2</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 130</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 200</td>
<td>red iron oxide</td><td> 0.6</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000</td>
The coated granules were prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1. The prepared coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, red iron oxide, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 13:
Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Tablet Composition
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 50.1</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td> 21.5</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 11.8</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 9.8</td>
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 4.9</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 65.4</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 46.2</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 130</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 200</td>
<td>red iron oxide</td><td> 0.6</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 42.7</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.14</td>
Example 6: Oxycodone Hydrochloride (Simple API) (core
Celphere)
Table 14: Composition of the oxycodone granule
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Components</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet s</td>
<td>Celphere (MCC)</td><td>core</td><td> 42</td>
<td>hydrochloride oxycodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5.2</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 1.7</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 1.9</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>movie</td><td> 0.6</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 51.4</td>
Microcrystalline cellulose particles were layered in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with a 12% aqueous solution of oxycodone hydrochloride and HPMC 2910.
The oxycodone hydrochloride layer-formed particles were then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated particles were subsequently used for compression and further mixing.
Table 15: Composition of oxycodone tablet
<td>Component</td><td>tng / comp.</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 51.54</td>
<td>lactose</td><td> 96.46</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 40</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 10</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 2</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 200</td>
The coated particles were mixed with other excipients (crospovidone and lactose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into oxycodone tablets.
Table 16: Oxycodone tablet composition hydrochloride
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 82</td>
<td>oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 5.2</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 1.7</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 1.9</td>
<td>lactose</td><td> 96.46</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 10</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 2.6</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 199.86</td>
Example 7: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen (sugar sphere core)
Table 17: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>sugar sphere</td><td>core</td><td> 47.3</td>
<td>PEO</td><td>core</td><td> 24.7</td>
<td>EPO</td><td>core</td><td> 20.5</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 75</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>movie</td><td> 25</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 200</td>
100
The sugar sphere particles were layered in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with an aqueous solution of Hydrocodone Bitartrate and HPMC 2910.
The hydrocodone bitartrate layered particles were then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated particles were subsequently used for compression and further mixing.
Table 18: Composition of hydrocodone bitartrate tablet
<td rowspan="2">core covering composition (above)</td><td rowspan="2">the</td><td>tng / tablet</td>
<td> 200</td>
<td colspan="2">APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td colspan="2">binder</td><td> 17.8</td>
<td colspan="2">mannitol</td><td> 192.2</td>
<td colspan="2">microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 200</td>
<td colspan="2">crospovidone</td><td> 50</td>
<td colspan="2">magnesium stearate</td><td> 15</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 1000</td>
The coated spheres were mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, binder, and crospovidone) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for about 5
101 additional minutes before compressing into oxycodone tablets.
Table 19: Composition of hydrocodone bitartrate tablet
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>sugar</td><td> 47.3</td>
<td>PEO (polyethylene oxide)</td><td> 24.7</td>
<td>EPO (Eudragit E-PO)</td><td> 20.5</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 75</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>binder</td><td> 17.8</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 192.2</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 200</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 50</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 40</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000</td>
Example 8: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen (Celphere core)
Table 20: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>tag / tablet</td>
<td>Celphere (MCC)</td><td>core</td><td> 117.5</td>
102
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td>of</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td colspan="2">HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td colspan="2">Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td colspan="2">magnesium stearate</td><td>movie</td><td> 41.6</td>
<td colspan="3">Total</td><td> 250</td>
Table 21: Composition of hydrocodone bitartrate tablet
<td>Component</td><td>tng / tablet</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 250</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 102.9</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 120</td>
<td>xanthan gum</td><td> 30</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
The coated spheres were prepared as in Example 7, and mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, xanthan gum, and crospovidone) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone tablets.
103
Table 22: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 237.5</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 102.9</td>
<td>xanthan gum</td><td> 30</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 51.6</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
Example 9: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen (Celphere Core)
Table 23: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Celphere (MCC)</td><td>core</td><td> 117.5</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>movie</td><td> 41.6</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 250</td>
104
Table 24: Composition of hydrocodone bitartrate tablet
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Composition covering the</td><td rowspan="2"> 250</td>
<td>core (above)</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 84.9</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 120</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 18</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
The coated spheres were prepared as in Example
7, and mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, carbopol, sodium bicarbonate, and crospovidone) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into tablets.
105
Table 25: Composition of hydrocodone bitartrate tablet
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 84.9</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 237.5</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 18</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 51.6</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
Example 10: Oxycodone hydrochloride / acetaminophen
Table 26: Composition of oxycodone bitartrate granule
<td colspan="4">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td></td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td></td><td>core</td><td> 71</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td></td><td>core</td><td> 30.5</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td></td><td>core</td><td> 16.8</td>
<td>hydrochloride oxycodone</td><td>of</td><td>API layer</td><td> 4.5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td></td><td>API layer</td><td> 2.2</td>
106
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>movie</td><td> 41.6</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 250</td>
Table 27: Composition of oxycodone tablet
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 250</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>lactose</td><td> 84.9</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 30</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 18</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
The granules were prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for about 5 minutes
107 additional before compressing into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 28: Composition of the oxycodone / acetaminophen tablet
<td>Tablet composition</td><td>do general</td>
<td>Components</td><td>pig / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 71</td>
<td>compritol</td><td> 30.5</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 16.8</td>
<td>hydrochloride oxycodone</td><td> 4.5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 2.2</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>lactose</td><td> 84.9</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 30</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 18</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 51.6</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000</td>
Example 11: Oxycodone hydrochloride / acetaminophen
Table 29: Composition hydrochloride of oxycodone granule
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>tng / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>core</td><td> 71</td>
108
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>compritol</td><td>core</td><td> 30.3</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>core</td><td> 16.7</td>
<td>hydrochloride oxycodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td>movie</td><td> 41.6</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 250.5</td>
Table 30:
Composition of the oxycodone / acetaminophen tablet
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 250</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 82.9</td>
<td>xanthan gum</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
The granules were prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (gum
109 xanthan, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 31: Composition of the oxycodone / acetaminophen tablet
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 71</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td> 30.3</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 16.7</td>
<td>oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 82.9</td>
<td>xanthan gum</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 51.6</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.54</td>
110
Example 12: Oxycodone hydrochloride / acetaminophen
Table 32: Composition hydrochloride of oxycodone granule
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>core</td><td> 71</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td>core</td><td> 30.5</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>core</td><td> 16.8</td>
<td>hydrochloride oxycodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 4.5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 2.2</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>movie</td><td> 41.6</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 250</td>
Table 33:
Composition of the oxycodone / acetaminophen tablet
<td>Component</td><td>oig / tablet</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 250</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 52.9</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 120</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
111
The granules were prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 34: Composition of the oxycodone / acetaminophen tablet
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 71</td>
<td>compritol</td><td> 30.5</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 16.8</td>
<td>oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 4.5</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 2.2</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 83.4</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 52.9</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 51.6</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000</td>
112
Example 13: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
Table 35: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>core</td><td> 51</td>
<td>compritol</td><td>core</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>core</td><td> 12</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 10</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td>movie</td><td> 33.3</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 199.9</td>
Table 36: Composition of hydrocodone bitartrate / APAP tablet
<td>Component</td><td>mg / COMP</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 200</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 74.86</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 80</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 100</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 48</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000</td>
113
The granules were prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 37: Composition of hydrocodone bitartrate / APAP tablet
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 51</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 12</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td> 10</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 74.86</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 80</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 100</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
114
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 48</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 43.3</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 999.9</td>
Example 14: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
Table 38: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule of
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>core</td><td> 42</td>
<td>compritol</td><td>core</td><td> 18.1</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>core</td><td> 9.9</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 10</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 56.8</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>movie</td><td> 28.4</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 170.2</td>
Table 39: Composition of the hydrocodone / APAP tablet
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Covering composition the core (above)</td><td> 170</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 24.905</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 49.98</td>
115
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 102</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 127.5</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30.005</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 8.5</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 850.03</td>
The granules were prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 40: Composition of the hydrocodone / APAP tablet
<td colspan="3">General tablet composition</td>
<td colspan="2">Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td colspan="2">HPMC K100M</td><td> 42</td>
<td colspan="2">compritol</td><td> 18.1</td>
<td colspan="2">Etocel</td><td> 9.9</td>
<td>bitartrate</td><td>of</td><td rowspan="2"> 10</td>
<td>hydrocodone</td><td></td>
<td colspan="2">HPMC 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td colspan="2">Eudragit E-100</td><td> 56.8</td>
<td colspan="2">APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td colspan="2">Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
116
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>ag / tablet</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 24.905</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 49.98</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 102</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 127.5</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30.005</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 36.9</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 850.23</td>
Example 15: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
Table 41: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule of
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>ng / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>core</td><td> 51</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td>core</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>core</td><td> 12</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 10</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>Movie</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>Movie</td><td> 33.3</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 199.9</td>
Table 42: Composition of the hydrocodone / APAP tablet
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 200</td>
117
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 134.9</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 30</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 18</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
The granules were prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 43: Composition of the hydrocodone / APAP tablet
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 51</td>
<td>compritol</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 12</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td> 10</td>
118
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 134.9</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 30</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 18</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 43.3</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 999.94</td>
Example 16: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
Table 44: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule of
<td colspan="3">Composition covering the core</td>
<td>Component</td><td>Location</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td>core</td><td> 51</td>
<td>compritol</td><td>core</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td>core</td><td> 12</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td>API layer</td><td> 10</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td>API layer</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td>movie</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td>movie</td><td> 33.3</td>
<td colspan="2">Total</td><td> 199.9</td>
119
Table 45: Composition of the hydrocodone / APAP tablet
<td>Component</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Composition covering the core (above)</td><td> 200</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 102.9</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 120</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 1000.04</td>
The granules were prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules were then mixed with acetaminophen and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
120
Table 46: Composition of the hydrocodone / APAP tablet
<td colspan="2">General tablet composition</td>
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>HPMC K100M</td><td> 51</td>
<td>Compritol</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>Etocel</td><td> 12</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td> 10</td>
<td>HPMC 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>APAP</td><td> 325</td>
<td>Jelly</td><td> 12.14</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 102.9</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 120</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 43.3</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 999.94</td>
Example 17; Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
Table 47: Composition of the hydrocodone / APAP tablet
<td>Components (mg / comp.)</td><td>5/325 mg</td><td> 7.5/325</td><td> 10/325</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M PH</td><td> 25.5</td><td> 38.3</td><td> 51.1</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 11</td><td> 16.4</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 6</td><td> 9</td><td> 12</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td> 5</td><td> 7.5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 3.8</td><td> 5</td>
121
<td>Components (mg / comp.)</td><td>5/325 mg</td><td> 7.5/325</td><td> 10/325</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td><td> 50</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>Paracetamol Dc272n **</td><td> 342.11</td><td> 342.11</td><td> 342.11</td>
<td>mannitol Ez</td><td> 29.89</td><td> 38.81</td><td> 37.29</td>
<td>carbopol 71g</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 96</td><td> 108</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 144</td><td> 171</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate #one</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>FD&C Blue # 2 Ht</td><td>NA</td><td> 0.54</td><td>NA</td>
<td>Oxide yellow</td><td>NA</td><td> 0.54</td><td>NA</td>
<td>Oxide red</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td><td> 0.6</td>
<td>magnesium stearate not bovine</td><td> 24.6</td><td> 34</td><td> 43.3</td>
<td>alcohol SDA-3A, anhydrous*</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td>purified water*</td><td> *</td><td> ★</td><td> ★</td>
<td>Tablet weight</td><td> 800</td><td> 900</td><td> 1000</td>
* Removed during processing
The granules were prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules were then mixed with Paracetamol and other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and coloring agents) and mixed in a mixer V for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
122
Table 48: Composition of the hydrocodone bitartrate granule
<td></td><td>5/325 mg dose</td><td>7.5 / 325 mg Dose</td><td>10/325 mg Dose</td>
<td>Granulation</td><td>0, Ό</td><td>0. O</td><td>O, o</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 3.19</td><td> 4.26</td><td> 5.11</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 1.37</td><td> 1.83</td><td> 2.19</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 0.75</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.2</td>
<td>alcohol SDA-3A, anhydrous</td><td> *</td><td> ★</td><td> ★</td>
<td>purified water</td><td>Ar</td><td>TO-</td><td> *</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 5.31</td><td> 7.09</td><td> 8.5</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>O o</td><td> %</td><td> %</td>
<td>Bitartrate Hydrocodone</td><td> 0.63</td><td> 0.83</td><td> 1</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 5.31</td><td> 7.09</td><td> 8.5</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 0.31</td><td> 0.42</td><td> 0.5</td>
<td>purified water</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 6.25</td><td> 8.34</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Covering</td><td> %</td><td> %</td><td>or. or</td>
<td>Granules placed in hydrocodone, 10%</td><td> 6.25</td><td> 8.34</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 4.17</td><td> 5.56</td><td> 6.67</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 2.08</td><td> 2.77</td><td> 3.33</td>
<td>alcohol, SDA-3A, anhydrous</td><td> ★</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 12.5</td><td> 16.67</td><td> 20</td>
* Removed during processing
123
Example 18: Armodafinil
Table 49: Composition of the Armodafinil tablet
<td colspan="4">Armodafinil:</td>
<td>Components (mg / comp.)</td><td>50 mg</td><td>150 mg</td><td>200 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 64.26</td><td> 36</td><td> 48</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 17.85</td><td> 10</td><td> 14</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 10.71</td><td> 10</td><td> 14</td>
<td>armodafinil</td><td> 50</td><td> 150</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 21</td><td> 30</td><td> 40</td>
<td>Mannitol Ez</td><td> 17</td><td> 25</td><td> 25</td>
<td>Carbopol 71g</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose mierocrystalline</td><td> 100</td><td> 125</td><td> 125</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate #one</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate not bovine</td><td> 71</td><td> 25</td><td> 32</td>
<td>Lutrol F68 (1: 5)</td><td> 150</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td>
<td>lauryl sulfate sodium (3%)</td><td> 23</td><td> 30</td><td> 40</td>
<td>SDA-3A alcohol, anhydrous*</td><td> *</td><td></td><td> *</td>
<td>purified water*</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td></td>
<td>Tablet weight total</td><td> 754.82</td><td> 921</td><td> 1018</td>
* Removed during processing
The granules are prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules are then mixed with the other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, Bicarbonate of
124 sodium, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate (non-bovine) is then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture is mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into armodafinil tablets.
Table 50: Compositions of the Armodafinil granule
<td></td><td colspan="2">50mg Dose</td><td colspan="2">150mg Dose</td><td colspan="2">200mg Dose</td>
<td>Granulation</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / c</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / c</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / c</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 450</td><td> 64.2</td><td> 175</td><td> 36</td><td> 175</td><td> 48</td>
<td>armodafinil</td><td> 350</td><td> 49.9</td><td> 725</td><td> 150</td><td> 725</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 125</td><td> 17.8</td><td> 50</td><td> 10</td><td> 50</td><td> 14</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 75</td><td> 10.7</td><td> 50</td><td> 10</td><td> 50</td><td> 14</td>
<td>SDA-3A alcohol, anhydrous</td><td> ★</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td><td>k</td>
<td>purified water</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 142.</td><td> 1000</td><td> 206</td><td> 1000</td><td> 276</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / c</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / c</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / c</td>
<td>granules of armodafinil, 35%</td><td> 820</td><td> 142. 84</td><td> 820</td><td> 207</td><td> 820</td><td> 276</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 120</td><td> 20.9</td><td> 120</td><td> 30</td><td> 120</td><td> 40</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td> 60</td><td> 10.4 5</td><td> 60</td><td> 15</td><td> 60</td><td> 20</td>
<td>Alcohol, SDA-3A,</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td> *</td><td>k</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 174.</td><td> 1000</td><td> 252</td><td> 1000</td><td> 336</td>
* Removed during processing
125
Example 19: Phenobarbital
Table 51: Compositions of the Phenobarbital tablet
<td>Components (mg / comp.)</td><td>15 mg</td><td>30 mg</td><td>60 mg</td><td>100 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 19.3</td><td> 38.6</td><td> 77.2</td><td> 128.52</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 5.4</td><td> 10.7</td><td> 21.4</td><td> 35.7</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 3.2</td><td> 6.4</td><td> 12.9</td><td> 21.43</td>
<td>phenobarbital</td><td> 15</td><td> 30</td><td> 60</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 6.3</td><td> 15.5</td><td> 25.1</td><td> 42</td>
<td>Mannitol Ez</td><td> 20</td><td> 20</td><td> 20</td><td> 20.1</td>
<td>Carbopol 71g</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Baking soda # 1</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>non-bovine magnesium stearate</td><td> 9.1</td><td> 12.3</td><td> 19.1</td><td> 31</td>
<td>Lutrol F68 (1: 5)</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td><td> 200</td>
<td>sodium lauryl sulfate</td><td> 22.8</td><td> 28</td><td> 35</td><td> 50</td>
<td>SDA-3A alcohol, anhydrous *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> ★</td>
<td>purified water*</td><td>λ ·</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 511.1</td><td> 571.5</td><td> 700.7</td><td> 1008.75</td>
* Removed during processing
Table 52: Compositions of the phenobarbital granule
<td></td><td colspan="2">15 mg dose</td><td colspan="2">30 mg dose</td><td colspan="2">60 mg dose</td><td colspan="2">100 mg Dose</td>
<td>Granulation</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 450</td><td> 19.31</td><td> 450</td><td> 38.57</td><td> 450</td><td> 77.18</td><td> 450</td><td> 128.57</td>
<td>Phenobarbital</td><td> 350</td><td> 15.02</td><td> 350</td><td> 30</td><td> 350</td><td> 60.03</td><td> 350</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 125</td><td> 5.36</td><td> 125</td><td> 10.71</td><td> 125</td><td> 21.44</td><td> 125</td><td> 35.71</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 75</td><td> 3.22</td><td> 75</td><td> 6.43</td><td> 75</td><td> 12.86</td><td> 75</td><td> 21.43</td>
126
<td>SDA-3A alcohol, Anhid</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td> *</td><td> ★</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td>
<td>Purified water</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td> ★</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td><td>k</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 42.91</td><td> 1000</td><td> 85.71</td><td> 1000</td><td> 171.51</td><td> 1000</td><td> 285.71</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td>
<td>phenobarbital, 35%</td><td> 820</td><td> 42.89</td><td> 820</td><td> 85.69</td><td> 820</td><td> 171.46</td><td> 820</td><td> 285.69</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 120</td><td> 6.28</td><td> 120</td><td> 12.54</td><td> 120</td><td> 25.09</td><td> 120</td><td> 41.81</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td> 60</td><td> 3.14</td><td> 60</td><td> 6.27</td><td> 60</td><td> 12.55</td><td> 60</td><td> 20.90</td>
<td>Alcohol, SDA-3A, Anhid.</td><td> *</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td><td> *</td><td>k</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td><td> *</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 52.3</td><td> 1000</td><td> 104.5</td><td> 1000</td><td> 209.1</td><td> 1000</td><td> 348.4</td>
* Removed during processing
The granules are prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules are then mixed with the other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate (non-bovine) is then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture is mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into phenobarbital tablets.
Example 20: Diazepam
Table 53; Diazepam tablet compositions
<td>Components</td><td>2 mg (mg / comp.)</td><td>5 mg (mg / comp.)</td><td>10 mg (mg / comp.)</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M PH</td><td> 22.2</td><td> 55.6</td><td> 111.2</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 9.5</td><td> 23.8</td><td> 47.64</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose N10</td><td> 5.2</td><td> 13.1</td><td> 26.2</td>
127
<td>Components</td><td>2 mg (mg / comp.)</td><td>5 mg (mg / comp.)</td><td>10 mg (mg / comp.)</td>
<td>diazepam</td><td> 2</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 1</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 26.7</td><td> 66.7</td><td> 133.4</td>
<td>mannitol Ez</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol 71g</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 95</td><td> 95</td><td> 94</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 90</td><td> 95</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate #one</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate not bovine</td><td> 18.1</td><td> 38.6</td><td> 74.6</td>
<td>SDA-3A alcohol, Anhydrous*</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td>purified water*</td><td> *</td><td>k</td><td> *</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 419.7</td><td> 545.3</td><td> 802.04</td>
* Removed during processing
The granules are prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules are then mixed with the other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate (non-bovine) is then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture is mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into Diazepam tablets.
128
Table 54: Diazepam coated granule compositions
<td></td><td colspan="2">2 mg dose</td><td colspan="2">5 mg dose</td><td colspan="2">2 mg dose</td>
<td>Granulation</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 600.86</td><td> 22.23</td><td> 600.86</td><td> 55.58</td><td> 600.86</td><td> 111.16</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 257.51</td><td> 9.53</td><td> 257.51</td><td> 23.82</td><td> 257.51</td><td> 47 . 64</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 141.63</td><td> 5.24</td><td> 141.63</td><td> 13.10</td><td> 141.63</td><td> 26.20</td>
<td>SDA-3A alcohol, anhydrous</td><td> *</td><td></td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td>
<td>purified water</td><td> ★</td><td> * ♦</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 37</td><td> 1000</td><td> 92.5</td><td> 1000</td><td> 185</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td>
<td>Diazepam</td><td> 50</td><td> 2</td><td> 50</td><td> 5</td><td> 50</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 925</td><td> 37</td><td> 925</td><td> 92.5</td><td> 925</td><td> 185</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 25</td><td> 1</td><td> 25</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 25</td><td> 5</td>
<td>purified water</td><td> *</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td> ★</td><td>k</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 40</td><td> 1000</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Coated, 2.5%</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp.</td>
<td>Granules placed in diazepam layer, 5%</td><td> 500</td><td> 40</td><td> 500</td><td> 100</td><td> 500</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 333.6</td><td> 26.69</td><td> 333.6</td><td> 66.71</td><td> 333.6</td><td> 133.43</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td> 166.4</td><td> 13.31</td><td> 166.4</td><td> 33.29</td><td> 166.4</td><td> 66.57</td>
<td>Alcohol, SDA-3A, anhydrous</td><td></td><td> *</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 80</td><td> 1000</td><td> 200</td><td> 1000</td><td> 400</td>
129
Example 21: Hydrocodone (simple API)
The granules are prepared and coated as described in Example 1. The coated granules are then mixed with the other excipients (carbopol, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate (non-bovine) is then added to lubricate the mixture and the mixture is mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone tablets.
Example 22: Hydrocodone (simple API) - (continuation of Example 21 above)
Table 55: Compositions of the Hydrocodone tablet
<td>Components</td><td>5 mg</td><td> 10</td><td>mg</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M PH</td><td> 25.5</td><td colspan="2"> 51.1</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 11</td><td colspan="2"> 21.9</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose N10</td><td> 6</td><td colspan="2"> 12.04</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 5</td><td colspan="2"> 10</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td><td colspan="2"> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td><td colspan="2"> 66.7</td>
<td>Mannitol Ez</td><td> 70</td><td colspan="2"> 70</td>
<td>Carbopol 71g</td><td> 50</td><td colspan="2"> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 95</td><td colspan="2"> 95</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 100</td><td colspan="2"> 120</td>
<td>Baking soda # 1</td><td> 30</td><td colspan="2"> 30</td>
<td>Non-bovine magnesium stearate</td><td> 21.6</td><td colspan="2"> 39.3</td>
<td>SDA-3A Alcohol, Anhydrous *</td><td> *</td><td colspan="2">Ά ·</td>
130
<td>Components</td><td> 5</td><td>mg</td><td> 10</td><td>mg</td>
<td>purified water*</td><td colspan="2"> *</td><td colspan="2"> *</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td colspan="2"> 450</td><td colspan="2"> 571.04</td>
* Removed during processing
Table 56: Compositions of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Coated Granule
<td></td><td colspan="2">5 mg dose</td><td colspan="2">10 mg dose</td>
<td>Granulation</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 600.8</td><td> 25.54</td><td> 600.8</td><td> 51.07</td>
<td>Compritol 888 ATO</td><td> 257.5</td><td> 10.94</td><td> 257.5</td><td> 21.89</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 141.6</td><td> 6.02</td><td> 141.6</td><td> 12.04</td>
<td>SDA-3A alcohol, anhydrous</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td></td>
<td>purified water</td><td></td><td> *</td><td> *·</td><td></td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 42.5</td><td> 1000</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 100</td><td> 5</td><td> 100</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 850</td><td> 42.5</td><td> 850</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 50</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 50</td><td> 5</td>
<td>purified water</td><td>Λ</td><td> ★</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 1000</td><td> 50</td><td> 1000</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / com</td><td>mg / g</td><td>mg / comp</td>
<td>Granules formed in hydrocodone bitartrate layer, 10%</td><td> 500</td><td> 50</td><td> 500</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 333.6</td><td> 33.36</td><td> 333.6</td><td> 66.71</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 166.4</td><td> 16.64</td><td> 166.4</td><td> 33.29</td>
<td>Alcohol, SDA-3A, anhydrous</td><td></td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
131
<td>TOTAL * (removed during processing)</td><td> 1000</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td><td> 200</td>
Example 23: Hydrocodone Bitartrate / Acetaminophen
The coated granules were prepared according to Example 1 above. The prepared coated granules were then mixed with Paracetamol and other excipients (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, colorants such as FD and C blue iron, red iron oxide or yellow iron oxide are premixed and mixed in a mixer bin for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and the resulting mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 57: Compositions of the hydrocodone / APAP tablet
<td>Component (% p / p)</td><td>5/325 mg</td><td>7.5 / 325 mg</td><td>10/325 mg</td>
<td>Hydrocodone bitartrate coated granules</td><td> 12.5</td><td> 16.7</td><td> 20.0</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 42.76</td><td> 38.0</td><td> 34.21</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 3.74</td><td> 4.3</td><td> 3.73</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 6.25</td><td> 5.6</td><td> 5.0</td>
<td>cellulose</td><td> 12.0</td><td> 12.0</td><td> 13.0</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 18.0</td><td> 19.0</td><td> 20.0</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.75</td><td> 3.3</td><td> 3.0</td>
132
<td>Component (% p / p)</td><td>5/325 mg</td><td>7.5 / 325 mg</td><td>10/325 mg</td>
<td>FDyC Blue Lacquer # 2 HT</td><td>NA</td><td>or. oe</td><td>NA</td>
<td>Oxide red 212P iron</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td><td> 0.06</td>
<td>Iron oxide yellow 510P</td><td>NA</td><td> 0.06</td><td>NA</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 1.0</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td>
Example 24: Extraction study of the formulations according to Examples 3
The dosage form (intact and milled) prepared according to Example 3 above (10 / 325mg hydrocodone bitartrate / acetaminophen tablet) was taken in a small volume of water and extracted to simulate the amount of hydrocodone that was available for addicts by intravenous (IV) route. The resulting mixture was evaluated for the ability to withdraw the mixture through a filter material in a syringe by means of IV injection. Various extraction volumes and needle sizes were evaluated. Filtrates were assayed by HPLC for hydrocodone bitartrate content.
133
Table 58: Amount of hydrocodone extracted from two batches of
10 / 325mg hydrocodone / acetaminophen bitartrate tablets at 100 ° C and room temperature (RT)
<td rowspan="2">Lot #</td><td colspan="2">Intact tablet (mg)</td><td colspan="2">Ground tablet (mg)</td>
<td>100 ° C</td><td>TA</td><td>100 ° C</td><td>TA</td>
<td> 1</td><td>0 mg</td><td>0.09 mg</td><td>0 mg</td><td>0 mg</td>
<td> 2</td><td>0 mg</td><td>0.07 mg</td><td>0 mg</td><td>0 mg</td>
Example 25: Simulated nasal fluid extraction study of the formulations according to Example 3
The dosage form prepared according to Example 3 above (10 / 325mg hydrocodone / acetaminophen bitartrate tablets) was ground using a mortar and poured into 10 mL of simulated nasal fluid at 37 ° C, with gentle agitation to simulate the amount of Hydrocodone Bitartrate available for abuse by nasal insufflation. Aliquots were removed at 10 and 30 minutes for HPLC analysis of Hydrocodone Bitartrate. The amount of Hydrocodone Bitartrate extracted from crushed tablets for simulated nasal insufflation is provided in the Table below.
This method is for the determination of Hydrocodone Bitartrate released from simulated nasal fluid extractions.
134 Bitartrate Extended Released Tablets
Hydrocodone
A. PARAMETERS OF HPLC ANALYSIS
<td>Column</td><td>GL Sciences Inertsil phenyl-3, 4.6 mm x 50 mm, 5-pm</td>
<td>Temperature of</td><td>45 ° C</td>
<td>column</td><td></td>
<td>Detection</td><td>UV at 280nm</td>
<td>Solvent A</td><td>0.1% HFBA in water</td>
<td>Solvent B</td><td>MeOH</td>
<td>Mobile phase</td><td>70:30 Solvent A: Solvent B</td>
<td>Flush Injector</td><td>50:50 MeOH: water</td>
<td>Flow Ratio</td><td>2.0 mL / min</td>
<td>Injection volume</td><td>50 pL</td>
<td>Execution time</td><td>4 min</td>
<td>Peak response</td><td>area</td>
<td>Thinner</td><td>0.1 N HC1</td>
B. PREPARATION OF HPLC SOLUTION
Solvent A (0.1% HFBA in H<sub>2</sub>O): Combine 1 mL of HFBA and 1 L of HPLC grade water, and mix well. Solvent A is stable for 14 days. Proportional volumes can be prepared.
Mobile phase (70:30 Solvent A: MeOH): Combine 700 mL of solvent A and 300 mL of MeOH, and mix well. The prepared solutions are stable for 1 month. Proportional volumes can be prepared. Alternatively, the pump
135
HPLC can be used to mix the mobile phase.
Diluent / Medium (HCI 0.1 N): Combine 25 mL of HCI 12 N and 3 L of DI water, and mix well. HCI 0.1N is stable for 4 weeks. Proportional volumes can be prepared.
Flush Injector (50:50 MeOH: H<sub>2</sub>O): Combine 500 mL of MeOH and 500 mL of HPLC grade water, and mix well. 50:50 ΜθΟΗ: Η<sub>2</sub>Ο is stable for 1 month. Proportional volumes can be prepared.
C. Simulated Nasal Fluid Preparation (SNF)
Add 8.7 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) 3.0 g of potassium chloride (KC1), 0.6 g of calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>),
4.4 g of dibasic sodium phosphate (Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>), and 1.1 g of monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) in one liter of water. Mix well. Measure and record pH (must be between 6.0 and 7.0). Store at room temperature. SNF is stable for 2 weeks. Proportional volumes can be prepared.
D. Hydrocodone Bitartrate Standard Solution
Reserve Standard Solution: Dry a portion of Hydrocodone Bitartrate Standard 2 hours under vacuum at 105 ° C by USP. In duplicate, exact weight 30 mg ± 5 mg of Hydrocodone Bitartrate in separate 100-mL volumetric flasks. Add approximately 50 mL of HCI 0.1 N diluent. Dissolve by sonication for approximately 10
6 minutes. Dilute to volume with diluent, and mix well. These are the standard stock solutions of approximately 300 micrograms / mL (as anhydrous hydrocodone bitartrate) and are stable for 29 days under ambient laboratory conditions (not protected from light). Proportional volumes can be prepared.
Standard working solution: Pipette 15 mL of each stock standard solution into separate 50mL volumetric flasks. Dilute to volume with 0.1 N HC1 Diluent, and mix well. These working standard solutions are approximately 90 micrograms / mL (as anhydrous hydrocodone bitartrate) and are stable for 43 days under ambient laboratory conditions (not protected from light). Proportional volumes can be prepared.
E. Preparation of Simulated Nasal Insufflation Extraction Sample
one. Crush one tablet and transfer approximately 575 mg, accurately weighed, of the pre-labeled 20 mL glass vial crushed material. For drug substance controls, weigh an appropriate mass of material and transfer to a pre-labeled 20 mL glass vial.
2. Heat the simulated nasal fluid and water bath at 37 ° C.
3. Pipette 10 mL of the simulated nasal fluid to
137 ° C pre-warmed in each vial containing material from the ground tablet.
Four. Cover and invert twice in wet powder. Place the vial on the metal rack in the water bath and shake at 100 rpm.
5. After 10 min, take the vial off the shelf.
6. Uncap and remove a 3-mL solution from each of the vials using a micropipette.
7. Transfer the solution into a 5-mL polypropylene syringe and filter the solution through a 25-mm diameter, 1-qm porosity glass filter in a glass test tube (lSxlOOmm).
8. Place the vial back in the water bath and continue to shake.
9. At 30 min, stop shaking, uncap and remove a 3-mL solution from each of the vials using a micropipette.
10. Transfer the solution into a 5-mL polypropylene syringe and filter the solution through a 25-mm diameter, 1-qm porosity glass filter in a glass test tube (16xl00mm).
eleven. Pipette 1 mL of solution from each test tube into separate 50-mL volumetric flasks and dilute to volume with 0.1 N HC1. Mix by inverting 10 times.
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12. Pass and discard a 1-mL aliquot of the sample solution through a 25-mm diameter glass syringe filter, 1-pm porosity before collecting a second aliquot in a glass HPLC vial and cover.
13. Inject each sample once.
Table 59: Simulated nasal fluid withdrawal of 10 / 325mg of hydrocodone / acetaminophen bitartrate tablets
<td>Lot</td><td>Quantity extracted in 10</td><td>Quantity extracted in 30</td>
<td></td><td>tablets minutes</td><td>tablets minutes</td>
<td></td><td>crushed containing</td><td>crushed containing</td>
<td></td><td>10 / 325mg bitartrate</td><td>10 / 325mg bitartrate</td>
<td></td><td>hydrocodone / acetaminophen</td><td>hydrocodone / acetaminophen</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 14%</td><td> 45%</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 60%</td><td> 66%</td>
Example 26 (a): Assessment of multiple tablet ingestion abuse
The dosage form prepared according to Example 3 and 5 above was evaluated for resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets by shaking the selected number of tablets in 300 mL of 0.1N HCI. Dissolution was performed using the ÜSP II Apparatus at 50 rpm and 37 ° C. One to twelve tablets were added to the container simultaneously and the aliquots were removed after 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes of stirring and
139 analyzed for Hydrocodone Bitartrate (Figure 4) and APAP (Figure 5) by HPLC. The results were plotted against time and appear in Figures 4 and 5.
Example 26 (b): Assessment of multiple tablet ingestion abuse
The dosage form prepared according to Example 17 above was evaluated for resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets by shaking the selected number of tablets in 300 mL of 0.1N HC1. Dissolution was performed using USP II Apparatus at 50 rpm and 37 ° C. One to twelve tablets were added to the container simultaneously and the aliquots were removed after 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes of stirring and analyzed for Hydrocodone Bitartrate (Figure 6) and APAP (Figure 7) by HPLC. The results were plotted against time and appear in Figures 6 and 7.
Example 26 (c): Assessment of multiple tablet ingestion abuse
The dosage form prepared according to Example 17 above was evaluated for resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets by shaking the selected number of tablets in 300 mL of 0.1N HC1. Dissolution was performed using USP II Apparatus at 50 rpm and 37 ° C. One to twelve tablets were added to the container simultaneously and
140 aliquots were removed after 5, 10, 15, 30, 60,
120, 240 and 360 minutes of agitation and analyzed to
Hydrocodone Bitartrate and APAP by HPLC. The results were plotted against time and appear in Figure 8 (hydrocodone bitartrate) and Figure 9 (APAP).
Example 27: Coated Skelamine Granules
The coated sclamine granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 with slight variation of Example 1 in components as illustrated below. Table 60: Compositions of the schlatamine hydrochloride granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% P / P</td>
<td>Schaetamine hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 92.5</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in a schlatamine layer</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
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<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 28: Sclamine HCI Tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 27 above are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and the resulting mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into tablets.
Table 61: Compositions of the schlatamine hydrochloride tablet
<td>Components mg / comp</td><td>1 mg</td><td>2 mg</td><td>5 mg</td><td>10 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 11.1</td><td> 22.2</td><td> 55.6</td><td> 111.2</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 4.8</td><td> 9.5</td><td> 23.8</td><td> 47.64</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 2.6</td><td> 5.2</td><td> 13.1</td><td> 26.2</td>
<td>Schaetamine hydrochloride</td><td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 0.5</td><td> 1</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 13.3</td><td> 26.7</td><td> 66.7</td><td> 133.4</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 94</td><td> 95</td><td> 95</td><td> 94</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 90</td><td> 90</td><td> 95</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 11</td><td> 18</td><td> 38.6</td><td> 74.6</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 378.3</td><td> 419.6</td><td> 545.3</td><td> 802.04</td>
142
Example 29: Coated Schlatamine Granules
The coated sclamine granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 with slight variation of Example 1 in components as illustrated in the Table below.
Table 62: Compositions of the granule coated with skethamine hydrochloride
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Schaetamine hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>granules formed in a schlatamine layer</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 30: Scylamine HCI Tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 29 above are subsequently mixed with other components
143 (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and the resulting mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into tablets.
Table 53: Composition of Skethamine Hydrochloride Tablet
<td>Components (mg / comp)</td><td>14 mg</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 71.5</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 30.6</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 16.9</td>
<td>hydrochloride sclamine</td><td> 14</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 7</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 93.4</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 55</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 718.4</td>
Example 31: Coated Schlatamine Granules
Schaetamine granules are manufactured using a process similar to that described in Example 1 above with some modification to the process. The active ingredient in
144 instead of layering on the granules it resides in the nucleus where it is granulated with other excipients such as
Table below, and is subsequently covered with
Eudragit E-100.
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator where Hypromellose, Sketamine Hydrochloride and Glyceryl Behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% hydroalcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose is added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide sufficient shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution continues until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into the drying fluid bed.
The schistamine hydrochloride granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate (2: 1). The coated granules are subsequently used in the mixing and compression process.
145
Table 64: Composition of the schaetamine hydrochloride granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Schaetamine hydrochloride</td><td> 35</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 45</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 12.5</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 7.5</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>sclamine granules</td><td> 82</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 12</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 6</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 32: Sclamine HCI Tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 31 above are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and the resulting mixture was mixed for an additional 5 minutes before being compressed into tablets.
Table 65: Composition of Skethamine Hydrochloride Tablet
<td>Components</td><td>28 mg</td><td>56 mg</td><td>84 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 36</td><td> 72</td><td> 108</td>
6
<td>Components</td><td>28 mg</td><td>56 mg</td><td>84 mg</td>
<td>behenate of glyceryl</td><td> 10</td><td> 20</td><td> 30</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 6</td><td> 12</td><td> 18</td>
<td>hydrochloride sclamine</td><td> 28</td><td> 56</td><td> 84</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 11.7</td><td> 23.4</td><td> 35.1</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 17</td><td> 17</td><td> 20.1</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td><td> 150</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Bicarbonate sodium</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td> 12</td><td> 20</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Tablet weight</td><td> 450.7</td><td> 550.4</td><td> 655.2</td>
Example 33: Coated Schlatamine Granules
The schaetamine granules are manufactured using a process similar to that described in Example 1 and Example 32 above with some modification to the process, The active ingredient is granulated with other excipients by the Table below, and is subsequently coated with Eudragit E -100.
The granules containing Skethamine Hydrochloride are manufactured in a high shear granulator where Hypromellose, Sketamine Hydrochloride and Glyceryl Behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% hydroalcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose is added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller
147
and. blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution continues until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and then loaded into a fluid bed for drying.
The granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate (2: 1). The resulting coated granules are subsequently used by the mixing and compression process.
Table 66: Composition of the schaetamine hydrochloride granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Schaetamine hydrochloride</td><td> 72.5</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 17.5</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 5</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>sclamine granules</td><td> 82</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 12</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 6</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td>
148
Example 34: Schaemine HC1 Tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 33 above are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 67: Compositions of the schlatamine hydrochloride tablet
<td>Make-up</td><td>200 mg</td><td>300 mg</td><td>400 mg</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 48</td><td> 72</td><td> 96.4</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 14</td><td> 21</td><td> 27.6</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td><td> 21</td><td> 27.6</td>
<td>hydrochloride sclamine</td><td> 200</td><td> 300</td><td> 400</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 40</td><td> 61</td><td> 81</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 25</td><td> 25</td><td> 25</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 75</td><td> 75</td><td> 75</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 125</td><td> 125</td><td> 125</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 300</td><td> 300</td><td> 300</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 45</td><td> 45</td><td> 45</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 140</td><td> 150</td><td> 160</td>
<td>Tablet weight</td><td> 1026</td><td> 1195</td><td> 1362.6</td>
149
Example 35: Zolpidem coated granules
The coated Zolpidem tartrate granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 as per the composition illustrated in the Table below. Table 68: Zolpidem Tartrate Granule Compositions
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>zolpidem tartrate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>granules formed in layer of</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 36: zolpidem tartrate tablets
The compressed zolpidem granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 35 above. The coated granules are mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol,
150 microcrystalline cellulose and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 69: Zolpidem Tartrate Tablet Compositions
<td>Components (mg / comp)</td><td>5 mg</td><td>10 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 25.5</td><td> 51.1</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 11</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 6</td><td> 12</td>
<td>zolpidem tartrate</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 95</td><td> 94</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 21.6</td><td> 39.3</td>
<td>Tablet weight</td><td> 450</td><td> 550</td>
Example 37: Quetiapine fumarate granules coated
Quetiapine granules are manufactured using a process similar to that described in Example 1 above with some modification to the process. Quetiapine umarate, instead of layering over the granules, resides in the nucleus where it is granulated along with other excipients per Table 70
151 (Granulation) and is subsequently coated with Eudragit E-100 and magnesium stearate.
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator where hypromellose, Quetiapine fumarate, a portion of Lutrol, sodium lauryl sulfate and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% hydroalcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose is added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide sufficient shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution continues until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and then loaded into a fluid bed for drying.
The quetiapine fumarate granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with alcoholic suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated granules are then used in the mixing and compression process.
Table 70: Composition of Quetiapine fumarate coated granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Quetiapine fumarate</td><td> 23.7</td>
152
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 37.6</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 13.4</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 8.1</td>
<td>Sodium Lauil Sulfate</td><td> 9.1</td>
<td>Lutrol</td><td> 8.1</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Quetiapine granules</td><td> 62.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 25</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 12.5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 38: Quetiapine fumarate tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 37 above are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, remaining portion of Lutrol, sodium bicarbonate , mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in mixer V for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 71: Compositions of quetiapine fumarate tablet
<td rowspan="2">Components (mg / compressed)</td><td>25 mg</td><td>50 mg</td><td>100 mg</td>
<td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 16</td><td> 32</td><td> 63</td>
153
<td rowspan="2">Components (mg / compressed)</td><td>25 mg</td><td>50 mg</td><td>100 mg</td>
<td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td>
<td>behenate of glyceryl</td><td> 9</td><td> 18</td><td> 36</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 5</td><td> 11</td><td> 22</td>
<td>Fumarate quetiapine</td><td> 25</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 27</td><td> 53</td><td> 107</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 17</td><td> 17</td><td> 20.1</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 150</td><td> 150</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Bicarbonate sodium</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td> 18</td><td> 31</td><td> 63</td>
<td>Lutrol</td><td> 45</td><td> 51</td><td> 62</td>
<td>lauryl sulfate sodium</td><td> 6</td><td> 12</td><td> 24</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 498</td><td> 605</td><td> 877.1</td>
Example 39: Coated Quetiapine Granules
Quetiapine granules are manufactured using a process similar to that described in Example 1 and with some modification to the process. Quetiapine fumarate, instead of being layered on the granules, resides in the nucleus where it is granulated together with other excipients by Table 72 and is subsequently coated with Eudragit E-100.
154
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator where hypromellose, Quetiapine fumarate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Lutrol portion, and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% hydroalcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose is added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide sufficient shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution continues until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and then loaded into a fluid bed for drying.
The Quetiapine fumarate granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with alcoholic suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated granules are subsequently used by the mixing and compression process.
Table 72: Compositions of the quetiapine fumarate granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>quetiapine fumarate</td><td> 14.3</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 59.2</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 4.1</td>
155
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 4.1</td>
<td>sodium lauryl sulfate</td><td> 10.1</td>
<td>Lutrol</td><td> 8.2</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>quetiapine granules</td><td> 82</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 12</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 6</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 40: Quetiapine fumarate tablets
The coated granules prepared as per Example 39 above are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, and remaining portion of Lutrol) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 73: Compositions of quetiapine fumarate tablet
<td>Components (mg / comp)</td><td>200 mg</td><td>300 mg</td><td>400 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 48</td><td> 72.5</td><td> 97</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 14</td><td> 20.8</td><td> 28</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td><td> 20.8</td><td> 28</td>
<td>quetiapine fumarate</td><td> 200</td><td> 300</td><td> 400</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 40</td><td> 74</td><td> 99</td>
156
<td>Components (mg / comp)</td><td>200 mg</td><td>300 mg</td><td>400 mg</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 25</td><td> 25</td><td> 25</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 65</td><td> 65</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 125</td><td> 125</td><td> 125</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 200</td><td> 275</td><td> 275</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 45</td><td> 45</td><td> 45</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 36</td><td> 48</td><td> 64</td>
<td>Lutrol</td><td> 78</td><td> 91.6</td><td> 105</td>
<td>sodium lauryl sulfate</td><td> 34</td><td> 51.2</td><td> 69</td>
<td>Tablet weight total</td><td> 909</td><td> 1213.9</td><td> 1425</td>
Example 41: Coated Hydromorphone Granules
The coated hydromorphone granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 with slight variation of Example 1 in components as illustrated below.
Table 74: Composition of the hydromorphone hydrochloride granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydromorphone hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 92.5</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
157
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in hydromorphone layer</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 42: Hydromorphone hydrochloride tablets
The coated hydromorphone granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 41 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 75: Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Tablet Compositions
<td>Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>2 mg</td><td>4 mg</td><td>8 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 22.2</td><td> 44.4</td><td> 88.9</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 9.5</td><td> 19.1</td><td> 38.1</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 5.2</td><td> 10.5</td><td> 21</td>
<td>Hydromorphone hydrochloride</td><td> 2</td><td> 4</td><td> 8</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 4</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 26.7</td><td> 53.4</td><td> 106.7</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
158
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 95</td><td> 95</td><td> 94</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 90</td><td> 95</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 18.1</td><td> 58.3</td><td> 60.4</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 419.7</td><td> 531.7</td><td> 721.1</td>
Example 43: Coated methamphetamine granules
The coated methamphetamine granules are prepared according to the process described in Example 1.
Table 76: Composition of the methamphetamine hydrochloride granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Methamphetamine hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 92.5</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in layer of methamphetamine</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
159
Example 44: Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets
The coated methamphetamine granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 43 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 77: Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablet Composition
<td>Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>5 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 55.6</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 23.8</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 13.1</td>
<td>Methamphetamine hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 95</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 39</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 550.7</td>
160
Example 45: Coated Oxymorphone Granules
The coated oxymorphone granules are prepared by the process described in Example 1.
Table 78: Composition of Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Oxymorphone hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in oxymorphone layer</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 46: Oxymorphone hydrochloride tablets
The coated oxymorphone granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 45 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed
161 with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 79: Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Tablet Compositions
<td>Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>5 mg</td><td>10 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 25.5</td><td> 51.1</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 11</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 6</td><td> 12</td>
<td>Oxymorphone hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 45</td><td> 45</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 95</td><td> 94</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 27</td><td> 27</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 21.6</td><td> 39.3</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 442</td><td> 542</td>
Example 47: coated oxycodone granules
The coated oxycodone granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1.
162
Table 80: composition of the oxycodone hydrochloride granule
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethylcellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in oxycodone layer</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 48: oxycodone hydrochloride tablets
The coated oxycodone granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 47 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
163
Table 81: Oxycodone Hydrochloride Tablet Composition
<td>Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>5 mg</td><td>15 mg</td><td>30 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 25.5</td><td> 76.6</td><td> 153.3</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 11</td><td> 32.8</td><td> 65.7</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 6</td><td> 18.1</td><td> 36.1</td>
<td>hydrochloride oxycodone</td><td> 5</td><td> 15</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 7.5</td><td> 15</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td><td> 100.1</td><td> 200.1</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 37.29</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 45</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 95</td><td> 130</td><td> 94</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 100</td><td> 150</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 27</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 21.6</td><td> 57</td><td> 110</td>
<td>Tablet weight total</td><td> 442</td><td> 704.39</td><td> 1054.2</td>
Example 49: Morphine Sulfate Coated Granules
The coated morphine granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1.
Table 82: Morphine Sulfate Tablet Compositions
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
164
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Morphine sulfate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in layer of morphine</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 50: Morphine Sulfate Tablets
The coated morphine granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 49 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 83: Morphine Sulfate Tablet Compositions
<td>Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>6 mg</td><td>15 mg</td><td>30 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 30.6</td><td> 76.6</td><td> 153.3</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 13.1</td><td> 32.8</td><td> 65.7</td>
165
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 7.2</td><td> 18.1</td><td> 36.1</td>
<td>Morphine sulfate</td><td> 6</td><td> 15</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 3</td><td> 7.5</td><td> 15</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 40.02</td><td> 100.1</td><td> 200.1</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 45</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 95</td><td> 130</td><td> 94</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 100</td><td> 150</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 27</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 24.5</td><td> 57</td><td> 110</td>
<td>Tablet weight</td><td> 461.42</td><td> 737.1</td><td> 1054.2</td>
Example 51: Coated Mixed Amphetamine Salt Granules
The coated granules containing mixed amphetamine salts (dextroamphetamine sucrate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate) are prepared as per the process described in Example 1.
Table 84: Mixed Amphetamine Salt Granule Formulation
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
166
<td>Mixed amphetamine salts (* dextroamphetamine sucrate, amphetamine aspartate)</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Mixed amphetamine salt layer granules</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 52: amphetamine salt tablets mixed
The coated granules containing mixed amphetamine salts are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 51 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed with other components such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
167
Table 85: Mixed Amphetamine Salt Tablet Formulation
<td>Total amphetamine / base equivalency</td><td>3.13 mg 5 mg</td><td>4.7 mg 7.5 mg</td><td>6.3 mg 10 mg</td><td>7.8 mg 12.5 mg</td><td>9.4 mg 15 mg</td><td>12.6 mg 20 mg</td><td>18.8 mg 30 mg</td>
<td>Components (mg / tablet)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 25.5</td><td> 38.3</td><td> 51.1</td><td> 63.8</td><td> 76.6</td><td> 102.15</td><td> 153.3</td>
<td>qliceril behenate</td><td> 10.9</td><td> 16.4</td><td> 21.9</td><td> 27.4</td><td> 32.8</td><td> 43.8</td><td> 65.7</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 6.02</td><td> 9.03</td><td> 12.04</td><td> 15.05</td><td> 18.1</td><td> 24.1</td><td> 36.1</td>
<td>Amphetamine salts mixed *</td><td> 5</td><td> 7.5</td><td> 10</td><td> 12.5</td><td> 15</td><td> 20</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 3.75</td><td> 5</td><td> 6.25</td><td> 7.5</td><td> 10</td><td> 15</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td><td> 50.04</td><td> 66.7</td><td> 83.4</td><td> 100.1</td><td> 133.4</td><td> 200.1</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 45</td><td> 45</td><td> 45</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 95</td><td> 95</td><td> 95</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 150</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 150</td><td> 150</td><td> 160</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 27</td><td> 27</td><td> 27</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 21.5</td><td> 30</td><td> 38.6</td><td> 48</td><td> 57</td><td> 75</td><td> 110</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 441.82</td><td> 492.02</td><td> 542.34</td><td> 686.4</td><td> 737.1</td><td> 848.45</td><td> 1110.2</td>
<td colspan="8">* dextroamphetamine sucrate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate equivalent, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate.</td>
Example 53: Codeine Phosphate Granules
Phosphate-coated granules containing
Codeine are prepared as per the process described in
168
Example 1 with some modifications for the composition as described below.
Table 86: Codeine Phosphate Granule Formulation
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Codeine phosphate</td><td> 20</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 70</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 10</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in layer of</td><td rowspan="2"> 70</td>
<td>codeine phosphate</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 20</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 54: Codeine phosphate tablets
Codeine phosphate containing coated granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 53 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed with another active ingredient (paracetamol), and other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, dye, cellulose
169 microcrystalline), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 87: Codeine Phosphate / APAP Tablet Formulation
<td rowspan="2">Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>30/300 mg</td><td>60/300 mg</td>
<td></td><td></td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 63.1</td><td> 126.2</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 27</td><td> 54.1</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14.9</td><td> 29.7</td>
<td>Codeine phosphate</td><td> 30</td><td> 60</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 15</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 42.9</td><td> 85.7</td>
<td>paracetamol*</td><td> 315.8</td><td> 315.8</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 29.4</td><td> 29.4</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 180</td><td> 180</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Blue FD&C # 2</td><td>NA</td><td> 0.6</td>
<td>Iron oxide yellow 510P</td><td> 0.5</td><td>NA</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 31.5</td><td> 57</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 1030.1</td><td> 1248.5</td>
<td colspan="3">* E1 paracetamol grade Contains 300 mg of APAP and 15.8 mg of gelatin</td>
170
Example 55: Methylphenidate hydrochloride granule
The coated granules containing methylphenidate hydrochloride are prepared as per the process described in Example 1.
Table 88: Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Granule Formulation
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Methylphenidate hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in methylphenidate hydrochloride</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 56: Methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets
The coated granules containing methylphenidate hydrochloride are prepared as per the process described in
Example 1 and Example 55 above. The coated granules are
171 They are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 89: Methylphenidate hydrochloride tablet formulation
<td>Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>5 mg</td><td>20 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 25.5</td><td> 102.15</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 10.9</td><td> 43.8</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 6.02</td><td> 24.1</td>
<td>Methylphenidate hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td><td> 20</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td><td> 133.4</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 45</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 95</td><td> 150</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 100</td><td> 160</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 27</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 21.5</td><td> 75</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 441.82</td><td> 868.45</td>
Example 57: oxycodone hydrochloride granules
The coated granules containing oxycodone hydrochloride were prepared and coated as per the process described in Example 1.
172
Table 90: Oxycodone hydrochloride granule formulation
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in layer of oxycodone, 10%</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules were made in a high shear granulator where hypromellose and glyceryl behenate were dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% hydroalcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose N10 was added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide sufficient shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution was continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose was added. The
173 Granules were then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying. The prepared granules were then layered in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with a 12% aqueous solution of oxycodone hydrochloride and HPMC 2910 (2: 1).
The oxycodone hydrochloride layer formulated granules were then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate (2: 1). The resulting coated granules were subsequently used for the compression and further mixing process.
Example 58: oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The coated granules prepared according to Example 57 above were mixed with another active agent, Paracetamol, and other excipients (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, blue FDyC, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a mixer V for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into oxycodone / APAP tablets.
174
Table 91: Oxycodone Hydrochloride Tablet Formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules coated with oxycodone</td><td> 20.0</td>
<td>paracetamol*</td><td> 33.7</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 4.2</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td>
<td>FD&C blue</td><td> 0.06</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td>
<td colspan="2">* Contains 95% acetaminophen and 5% gelatin</td>
Example 59: oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The coated granules prepared according to Example 57 above were mixed with another active agent, Paracetamol, and other excipients (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, blue FDyC, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a mixer V for 30 minutes. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into oxycodone / APAP tablets.
175
Table 92: Oxycodone / Acetaminophen Tablet Formulations
<td rowspan="2">Component (% p / p)</td><td>5/325 mg</td><td>7.5 / 325 mg</td><td>10/325 mg</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Coated granules oxycodone</td><td> 12.5</td><td> 16.7</td><td> 20.0</td>
<td>paracetamol*</td><td> 42.8</td><td> 38.0</td><td> 34.2</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 3.7</td><td> 4.37</td><td> 3.79</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 6.25</td><td> 5.6</td><td> 5</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 12</td><td> 12</td><td> 13</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 18</td><td> 19</td><td> 20</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.75</td><td> 3.3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>Iron oxide yellow</td><td> 0.06</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td>
<td>FDyC blue # 2</td><td>NA</td><td> 0.06</td><td>NA</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 1.0</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td>
<td colspan="4">'Contains 95% acetaminophen and 5% gelatin</td>
Example 60: armodafinil granules
Armodafinil granules are manufactured using a process similar to that described in Example 1 and with some modification to the process. The active ingredient, Armodafinil, instead of being layered on the granules, resides in the nucleus where it is granulated together with other excipients as per Table 93, and is subsequently coated with Eudragit E100.
176
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator where Hypromellose, Armodafinil, Povidone and Glyceryl Behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% hydroalcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose is added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at preselected values that provide sufficient shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution continues until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying.
The armodafinil granules are then coated in a lower rock fluid bed coating with alcoholic suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated granules are subsequently used by the mixing and compression process.
Table 93: Armodafinil Granule Formulation
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Armodafinil</td><td> 66.99</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 16.75</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 3.83</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 3.83</td>
<td>povidone</td><td> 8.61</td>
177
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>armodafinil granules</td><td> 70</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 20</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 61: armodafinil tablets
The coated granules prepared as per Example 60 above are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 94: Armodafinil Tablet Formulations
<td rowspan="2">Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>50 mg</td><td>150 mg</td><td>200 mg</td>
<td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 12.5</td><td> 37.5</td><td> 50</td>
<td>behenate of glyceryl</td><td> 2.9</td><td> 8.6</td><td> 11</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 2.9</td><td> 8.6</td><td> 11</td>
<td>Armodafinil</td><td> 50</td><td> 150</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 21.3</td><td> 64</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 17</td><td> 25</td><td> 25</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
178
<td rowspan="2">Components (mg / tablet)</td><td>50 mg</td><td>150 mg</td><td>200 mg</td>
<td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 100</td><td> 125</td><td> 125</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 150</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Bicarbonate sodium</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td> 16</td><td> 40</td><td> 52</td>
<td>Povidone</td><td> 6.4</td><td> 19.3</td><td> 26</td>
<td>Weight of total tablet</td><td> 459</td><td> 758</td><td> 865</td>
Example 62: phenobarbital granules
Phenobarbital granules are manufactured using a process similar to that described in Example 1 and with some modification to the process. The active ingredient, Phenobarbital, instead of being layered on the granules, resides in the nucleus where it is granulated together with other excipients by the Table below, and is subsequently coated with Eudragit E-100.
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator where hypromellose, phenobarbital, povidone and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% hydroalcoholic solution of ethyl cellulose is added slowly while maintaining the impeller of
179 granulator and blade speed at preselected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution continues until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying.
The phenobarbital granules are then coated in a lower rock fluid bed coating with alcoholic suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated granules are subsequently used by the mixing and compression process.
Table 95: Phenobarbital granule formulation
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>phenobarbital</td><td> 66.99</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 16.75</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 3.83</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 3.83</td>
<td>povidone</td><td> 8.61</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Phenobarbital granules</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
180
Example 63: phenobarbital tablets
The coated granules prepared as per Example 62 above are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 96: Phenobarbital tablet formulations
<td rowspan="2">Components</td><td>15 mg</td><td>30 mg</td><td>60 mg</td><td>100 mg</td>
<td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td><td>(mg / compressed)</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 3.8</td><td> 7.5</td><td> 15</td><td> 25.01</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 3.4</td><td> 5.72</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 3.4</td><td> 5.72</td>
<td>Phenobarbital</td><td> 15</td><td> 30</td><td> 60</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 15</td><td> 30</td><td> 59</td><td> 98.5</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 20</td><td> 20</td><td> 20</td><td> 20</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 75</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td> 12</td><td> 20</td><td> 36</td><td> 59</td>
<td>povidone</td><td> 2</td><td> 4</td><td> 7.7</td><td> 12.9</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 354.8</td><td> 425.5</td><td> 584.5</td><td> 706.85</td>
181
Example 64: diazepam granules
The coated diazepam granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 with slight variation of Example 1 in components as illustrated in the Table below.
Table 97: Diazepam granule formulation
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>diazepam</td><td> 5</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 92.5</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Diazepam layer granules</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 65: diazepam tablets
The coated diazepam granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 64 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, bicarbonate
182 sodium, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose), and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 98: Diazepam tablet formulation
<td>Components</td><td>2 mg</td><td>5 mg</td><td>10 mg</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 22.2</td><td> 55.6</td><td> 111.2</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 9.5</td><td> 23.8</td><td> 47.64</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 5.2</td><td> 13.1</td><td> 26.2</td>
<td>diazepam</td><td> 2</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 1</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 26.7</td><td> 66.7</td><td> 133.4</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 95</td><td> 95</td><td> 94</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 120</td><td> 120</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 18.1</td><td> 38.6</td><td> 74.6</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 449.7</td><td> 570.3</td><td> 802.04</td>
Example 66: Hydrocodone bitartrate granules
Coated granules containing Bitartrate
Hydrocodone are prepared as per the process described in
Example 1.
183
Table 99: Formulation of bitartrate granules of
Hydrocodone
<td>Granulation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Layer formation</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
<td>Covering</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in layer of hydrocodone bitartrate</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 67: Hydrocodone bitartrate tablets
Hydrocodone Bitartrate-containing coated granules are prepared as per the process described in Example 1 and Example 66 above. The coated granules are subsequently mixed with other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed in a V mixer for 30 minutes. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the
184 Mix and mix for an additional 5 minutes before compressing into tablets.
Table 100: Hydrocodone tablet formulations
<td rowspan="2">Components</td><td>5 mg</td><td>10 mg</td>
<td>(mg / tablet)</td><td>(mg / tablet)</td>
<td>hypromellose</td><td> 25.5</td><td> 51.1</td>
<td>behenate of glyceryl</td><td> 11</td><td> 21.9</td>
<td>ethyl cellulose</td><td> 6</td><td> 12.04</td>
<td>bitartrate hydrocodone</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33.4</td><td> 66.7</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 95</td><td> 95</td>
<td>crospovidone</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td>
<td>Bicarbonate sodium</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>stearate magnesium</td><td> 21.6</td><td> 39.3</td>
<td>Weight of total tablet</td><td> 450</td><td> 571.04</td>
Example 68: Oxycodone hydrochloride coated granules
Table 201: Granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 60</td>
<td>glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
185
<td>ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 102: Layered Granule Formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910 E3</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 103: formulation of coated granules
<td colspan="2">Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Layered granules oxycodone hydrochloride, 10%</td><td>of</td><td> 50</td>
<td colspan="2">Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td colspan="2">magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td colspan="2">TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules were made in a high shear granulator, where hypromellose, glyceryl behenate, and a portion (67%) of ethyl cellulose were dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then, a hydroalcoholic solution (~ 28 parts water and ~ 72 parts alcohol) of ethylcellulose (10% w / w) was added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear
186 for the growth and formation of the granule. The addition of the solution was continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose was added. The granules were then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying.
The prepared granules were then layered in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with a 12% w / w aqueous solution of oxycodone hydrochloride and HPMC.
The oxycodone bitartrate layer granules were then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated granules were subsequently mixed for homogeneity and used for compression and further mixing.
Example 69: Oxycodone Acetaminophen Tablet Formation
The coated granules were prepared according to Example 68 above, and mixed with Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients (as listed in Table 104 below), and mixed for approximately 270 revolutions. Then magnesium stearate was added to lubricate the mixture and mixed for 45
187 additional revolutions. The mixture was then compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 104: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td> %</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated oxycodone hydrochloride, 5%</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>paracetamol</td><td> 33.7</td><td> 337*</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 10.3</td><td> 103</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 12.0</td><td> 120</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 15.0</td><td> 150</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 70: Oxycodone granules coated, 5%
The granules were prepared, API coated and subsequently coated. These coated particles are then mixed with other components and compressed into tablets.
Table 305: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 60</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
188
Table 106: Layered Granule Formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910 (HPMC 2910 E3)</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 107: formulation of coated granules
<td colspan="2">Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Layered granules oxycodone hydrochloride, 10%</td><td>of</td><td> 50</td>
<td colspan="2">Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td colspan="2">Magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td colspan="2">TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules were made in a high shear granulator, where hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate were dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% w / w hydroalkolic solution (—28 parts water and ~ 72 parts ethanol) of ethyl cellulose 10 cP was added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at preselected values providing sufficient shear for growth and granule formation. The addition of the solution was continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose was added. The granules were then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and
189 they were subsequently loaded into a drying fluid bed.
The prepared granules were then layered in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with a 12% w / w aqueous solution of oxycodone hydrochloride and HPMC 2910 E3.
The oxycodone hydrochloride layer formed granules were then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. The resulting coated granules were subsequently mixed for homogeneity and used for compression and further mixing.
Example 71: Coated Polymer Granules
The granules were made in a high shear granulator, where hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate were dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% w / w hydroalcoholic solution (~ 28 parts water and ~ 72 parts ethanol) of ethyl cellulose 10 cP was added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at preselected values providing sufficient shear for growth and granule formation. The addition of the solution was continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose was added. The granules were then ground into
190 wet using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into fluid bed for drying.
The granules were then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcoholic suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate. Table 108: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 60</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 109: formulation of coated polymer granules
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Polymer granules</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 72A and Example 72B:
The oxycodone hydrochloride coated granules were prepared according to Example 70 and mixed with coated polymer granules prepared according to Example 71. Another active agent this is Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone , Baking soda
191 sodium, mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose were added and mixed for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 110: tablet formulation
<td rowspan="2">Component</td><td colspan="2">Example 72A</td><td colspan="2">Example 72B</td>
<td>% p / p</td><td>mg / compressed</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated oxycodone hydrochloride, 5%</td><td> 10.87</td><td> 108.7</td><td> 16.3</td><td> 163</td>
<td>Polymer granules coated</td><td> 9.13</td><td> 91.3</td><td> 3.7</td><td> 37</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 33.7</td><td> 337*</td><td> 33.71</td><td> 337.1*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 4.29</td><td> 42.9</td><td> 4.29</td><td> 42.9</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50.0</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130.0</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200.</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 73: In vitro analysis of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets
The dosage form prepared according to
Example 72A and Example 72B were evaluated for resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets in vitro by shaking the number
192 selected from tablets in 300 mL of HCI 0.1N. Dissolution was performed using the USP II Apparatus at 50 RPM and 37 ° C. One to twelve tablets were added to the container simultaneously and aliquots were periodically removed and analyzed for oxycodone hydrochloride (Figure 10) and Acetaminophen (APAP) [Figure 11] by HPLC. The results were plotted against time and appear in Figure 10 and Figure 11.
Example 74: polymer granules
Table 111: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 60</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 26</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 14</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules were made in a high shear granulator, where hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate were dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10% w / w hydroalcoholic solution (~ 28 parts water and ~ 72 parts ethanol) of ethyl cellulose 10 cP was added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at preselected values providing sufficient shear for growth and granule formation. The
193 adding the solution until the full amount of ethyl cellulose has been added. The granules were then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying.
Example 75: Hydrocodone Bitartrate Coated Granules, 5%
The granules prepared according to Example 74 were then layered in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with a 12% w / w aqueous solution of hydrocodone bitartate and HPMC 2910 E3. The Hydrocodone Bitartrate layered granules were then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate.
Table 112: Layered Granule Formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydrocodone Bitartrate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Polymer granules (EC, HPMC and Compritol)</td><td> 85</td>
<td>Hypromellose 2910</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 113: formulation of coated granules
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Granules formed in hydrocodone bitartrate layer, 10%</td><td> 50</td>
194
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Example 76: Hydrocodone Bitartrate tablets
The Hydrocodone Bitartrate coated granules were prepared according to Example 75 above and mixed with polymer granules prepared according to Example 74. Another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer , crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose were added and mixed for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 114: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated hydrocodone bitartrate, 5%</td><td> 9.62</td><td> 96.2</td>
<td>Polymer granules</td><td> 5.38</td><td> 53.8</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 33.71</td><td> 337.1*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 9.29</td><td> 92.9</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
195
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg of acetaminophen
Example 77A and Example 77B: Hydrocodone Bitartrate tablets
The 5% hydrocodone bitartrate coated granules were prepared according to Example 75 above and mixed with coated polymer granules prepared according to Example 71. Another active agent this is Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and others. Excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose were added to the mixer and mixed for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 115: tablet formulation
<td rowspan="2">Component</td><td colspan="2">Example 77A</td><td colspan="2">Example 77B</td>
<td>% p / p</td><td>mg / com</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / com</td>
<td>Granules coated hydrocodone bitartrate,</td><td> 9.62</td><td> 96.2</td><td> 14.42</td><td> 96.2</td>
<td>Polymer granules coated</td><td> 10.38</td><td> 103.8</td><td> 5.58</td><td> 103.8</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 33.71</td><td> 337.1*</td><td> 33.71</td><td> 337.1*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 4.29</td><td> 42.9</td><td> 4.29</td><td> 42.9</td>
196
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 78; in vitro analysis of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets
The dosage form prepared according to Example 76 and Example 77A and Example 77B was evaluated for resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets in vitro by shaking the selected number of tablets in 300 mL of 0.1N HC1. Dissolution was performed using USP II apparatus at 50 RPM and 37 ° C. One to twelve tablets were added to the container simultaneously and the aliquots were periodically removed and analyzed for Hydrocodone Bitartrate (Figure 12) and APAP (Figure 13) by HPLC. The results were plotted against time and appear in Figure 12 and Figure 13.
Example 79: Oxycodone granules coated, 5%
The granules are subsequently prepared and coated. These coated particles are then mixed with other components and compressed into tablets.
197
Table 116: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 54</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 23</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 13</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 117: formulation of coated granules
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydrochloride granules oxycodone, 10%</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator, where oxycodone hydrochloride, hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10 cP ethyl cellulose hydroalcoholic solution is slowly added while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution continues until the entire amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a
198 size reduction (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying. The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate.
Example 80: oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The 5% oxycodone hydrochloride coated granules are prepared according to Example 79 above and mixed with another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol , microcrystalline cellulose and mixed for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is then added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 118: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated oxycodone hydrochloride, 5%</td><td> 20</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 34.2</td><td> 342*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 3.8</td><td> 38</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
199
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 81: coated oxycodone granules
The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are subsequently prepared and coated. These coated particles are then mixed with other components and compressed into tablets.
Table 119: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 56</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 25</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 14</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 120: formulation of coated granules
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride granules, 5%</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator, where oxycodone hydrochloride, hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a
200 10 cP ethyl cellulose hydroalcoholic solution is added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution is continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying. The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate.
Example 82: oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The 2.5% oxycodone hydrochloride coated granules are prepared according to Example 81 above and mixed with another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol , microcrystalline cellulose and mixed for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is then added to lubricate the mixture and mix for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
201
Table 121: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td> %</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated oxycodone hydrochloride, 2.5%</td><td> 20</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 34.2</td><td> 342</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 3.8</td><td> 38</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 83: coated oxycodone granules
The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are subsequently prepared and coated. These coated particles are then mixed with other components and compressed into tablets. Table 122: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 54.5</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 24</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 14</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 7.5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
202
Table 123: formulation of coated granules
<td colspan="2">Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydrochloride granules oxycodone, 7.5%</td><td>of</td><td> 50</td>
<td colspan="2">Eudragit E-100</td><td> 33</td>
<td colspan="2">Magnesium stearate</td><td> 17</td>
<td colspan="2">TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator, where oxycodone hydrochloride, hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10 cP ethyl cellulose hydroalcoholic solution is slowly added while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of the solution continues until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying. The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate.
203
Example 84: oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The oxycodone hydrochloride 3.75% coated granules are prepared according to Example 83 above and mixed with another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and mix for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is then added to lubricate the mixture and mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 124: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated oxycodone hydrochloride, 3.75%</td><td> 20</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 34.2</td><td> 342*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 3.8</td><td> 38</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 85: coated oxycodone hydrochloride granules
The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are subsequently prepared and coated. These particles then coated
204 they are mixed with other components and compress into tablets.
Table 125: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 54</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 23</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 13</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 126: formulation of coated granules
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydrochloride granules oxycodone, 10%</td><td> 40</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 40</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 20</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator, where oxycodone hydrochloride, hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes.
Then a 10 cP ethyl cellulose hydroalcoholic solution is added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of solution is continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added.
205
The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying. The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate.
Example 86: oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The 4% oxycodone hydrochloride coated granules are prepared according to Example 85 above and mixed with another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and mix for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is then added to lubricate the mixture and mix for 45 revolutions before being compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 127: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / tablet s</td>
<td>Granules coated oxycodone hydrochloride, 4%</td><td> 18.8</td><td> 188</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 34.2</td><td> 342*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 5</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
206
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 87: coated oxycodone granules
The oxycodone granules are prepared, and subsequently coated. These coated particles are then mixed with other components and compressed into tablets.
Table 128: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 54</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 23</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 13</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 10</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 129: formulation of coated granules
<td colspan="2">Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydrochloride granules oxycodone, 10%</td><td>of</td><td> 30</td>
<td colspan="2">Eudragit E-100</td><td> 47</td>
<td colspan="2">Magnesium stearate</td><td> 23</td>
<td colspan="2">TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator, where oxycodone hydrochloride,
207 Hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate is dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10 cP ethyl cellulose hydroalcoholic solution is added slowly while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of solution is continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying. The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate.
Example 88: oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The oxycodone hydrochloride (3%) coated granules are prepared according to Example 87 above and mixed with another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate , mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and mix for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is then added to lubricate the mix and mix for an additional 45 revolutions before compressing into
208 oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 130: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated oxycodone hydrochloride, 3%</td><td> 16.7</td><td> 167</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 34.2</td><td> 342*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 7 . 1</td><td> 71</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 89: coated oxycodone granules
The oxycodone granules are subsequently prepared and coated. These coated particles are then mixed with other components and compressed into tablets.
Table 131: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 56</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 25</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 14</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
209
Table 132: formulation of coated granules
<td colspan="2">Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydrochloride granules oxycodone, 5%</td><td>of</td><td> 70</td>
<td colspan="2">Eudragit E-100</td><td> 20</td>
<td colspan="2">Magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td colspan="2">TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator, where oxycodone hydrochloride, hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10 cP ethyl cellulose hydroalcoholic solution is slowly added while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of solution is continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added. The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying. The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are then coated in a lower rock fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate.
210
Example 90; oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The 3.5% oxycodone hydrochloride coated granules are prepared according to Example 89 above and mixed with another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and mix for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is then added to lubricate the mixture and mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 133: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / comp</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride coated granules, 3.5%</td><td> 21.4</td><td> 214</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 34.2</td><td> 342*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 2.4</td><td> 24</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 91: coated oxycodone granules
The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are subsequently prepared and coated. These particles then coated
211 they are mixed with other components and compress into tablets.
Table 134: granule formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hypromellose K100M</td><td> 54.5</td>
<td>Glyceryl behenate</td><td> 24</td>
<td>Ethyl cellulose (10 cP)</td><td> 14</td>
<td>Oxycodone hydrochloride</td><td> 7.5</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
Table 135: formulation of coated granules
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td>
<td>Hydrochloride granules oxycodone, 7.5%</td><td> 70</td>
<td>Eudragit E-100</td><td> 20</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 10</td>
<td>TOTAL</td><td> 100</td>
The granules are manufactured in a high shear granulator, where oxycodone hydrochloride, hypromellose, a portion of ethyl cellulose and glyceryl behenate are dry mixed for 3 minutes. Then a 10 cP ethyl cellulose hydroalcoholic solution is slowly added while maintaining the granulator impeller and blade speed at pre-selected values that provide enough shear for granule growth and formation. The addition of solution is continued until the full amount of ethyl cellulose is added.
212
The granules are then wet milled using a size reduction mill (Granumill) and subsequently loaded into a fluid bed for drying. The oxycodone hydrochloride granules are then coated in a bottom spray fluid bed coating with 25% alcohol suspension of Eudragit E-100 copolymer and magnesium stearate.
Example 92: oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets
The 5.25% oxycodone hydrochloride coated granules are prepared according to Example 91 above and mixed with another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) and other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and mix for approximately 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is then added to lubricate the mixture and mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into oxycodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 136: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated with oxycodone hydrochloride, 5.25%</td><td> 19.05</td><td> 190.5</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 34.2</td><td> 342*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 4.75</td><td> 47.5</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
213
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 93: Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen Tablets
Hydrocodone Bitartrate coated granules were prepared according to Example 75 and mixed with another active agent ie Paracetamol (manufactured using acetaminophen and gelatin) together with other excipients such as carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose (mix for approximately 270 revolutions). Magnesium stearate was then added to lubricate the mixture and mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into hydrocodone / acetaminophen tablets.
Table 137: tablet formulation
<td>Component</td><td>% p / p</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Granules coated hydrocodone bitartrate, 5%</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Paracetamol</td><td> 34.21</td><td> 342.1*</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 3.73</td><td> 37.3</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 13.0</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 20.0</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 10</td>
214
<td>Iron oxide red</td><td> 0.06</td><td> 0.6</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 100</td><td> 1000</td>
* contains 325 mg acetaminophen
Example 94: In vitro analysis of resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets - crushed and intact tablets
The dosage form (crushed or intact) prepared according to Example 93 was evaluated for resistance to oral abuse of multiple tablets in vitro by conducting dissolution experiments in 300 mL or 900 mL of 0.1N HCI. Dissolution was performed using the USP II apparatus at 50 RPM and 37 ° C. Twelve tablets (crushed or intact) were added to the container simultaneously or sequentially and the aliquots were periodically removed and analyzed for Hydrocodone Bitartrate and APAP by HPLC. The crushing of the tablets was carried out using a mortar and pestle (twelve strokes). The results were plotted against time and appear in Figure 14 and Figure 15.
Example 95: Sclamine HCI Tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 31 are subsequently mixed with coated polymer granules prepared according to Example 71, and other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed for 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and
215 The resulting mixture was mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into tablets.
Table 138: Tablet formulation
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td><td>mg / tablet</td><td>mg / tablet</td><td>mg / compressed</td>
<td>Sclamine hydrochloride coated granules, 28.7%</td><td> 87.1</td><td> 87.1</td><td> 348.4</td><td> 348.4</td>
<td>Polymer granules coated</td><td> 50</td><td> 31</td><td> 50</td><td> 31</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 37</td><td> 37</td><td> 37</td><td> 37</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 6</td><td> 6</td><td> 9</td><td> 8.5</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 590.1</td><td> 571.1</td><td> 854.4</td><td> 834.9</td>
Example 96: Sclamine HCI Tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 31 are subsequently mixed with polymer granules prepared according to Example 74, and other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed for 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and the resulting mixture was mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into tablets.
216
Table 139: tablet formulation
<td>Components</td><td>mg / tablet</td><td>mg / tablet</td><td>mg / tablet</td><td>mg / tablet</td>
<td>Sclamine hydrochloride coated granules, 28.7%</td><td> 87 . 1</td><td> 87.1</td><td> 348.4</td><td> 348.4</td>
<td>Polymer granules</td><td> 50</td><td> 27</td><td> 50</td><td> 27</td>
<td>Mannitol</td><td> 37</td><td> 37</td><td> 37</td><td> 37</td>
<td>Carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>Cellulose microcrystalline</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td><td> 130</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 6</td><td> 6</td><td> 9</td><td> 8.5</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 590.1</td><td> 567.1</td><td> 854.4</td><td> 830.9</td>
Example 97: Schaemine HC1 Tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 27 are subsequently mixed with coated polymer granules prepared according to Example 71 and other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed for 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and the resulting mixture was mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into tablets.
217
Table 140: Compositions of the schlatamine hydrochloride tablet
<td>Components mg / comp</td><td>1 mg</td><td>2 mg</td>
<td>Granules coated skethamine hydrochloride, 2.5%</td><td> 40</td><td> 80</td>
<td>Coated polymer granules</td><td> 160</td><td> 120</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 94</td><td> 95</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 200</td><td> 200</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 11</td><td> 18</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 655</td><td> 663</td>
Example 98: Sclamine HCI Tablets
The coated granules prepared by Example 27 above are subsequently mixed with polymer granules prepared according to Example 74 and other components (carbomer, crospovidone, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose) and mixed for 270 revolutions. Magnesium stearate is added to lubricate the mixture and the resulting mixture was mixed for an additional 45 revolutions before being compressed into tablets.
218
Table 141: Compositions of the schlatamine hydrochloride tablet
<td>Components mg / comp</td><td> 1</td><td>2 mg</td>
<td>Sclamine hydrochloride coated granules, 2.5%</td><td> 40</td><td> 80</td>
<td>Polymer granules</td><td> 80</td><td> 60</td>
<td>mannitol</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td>carbopol</td><td> 50</td><td> 50</td>
<td>microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 94</td><td> 95</td>
<td>Crospovidone</td><td> 150</td><td> 150.</td>
<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td>
<td>magnesium stearate</td><td> 11</td><td> 18</td>
<td>Total tablet weight</td><td> 525</td><td> 553</td>
219
Contents10
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Priority claims13
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61898207 | United States of America | – | |
| 201361898207 | United States of America | P | |
| 14333986 | United States of America | – | |
| PCTUS2014047014 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | – | |
| 201414333986 | United States of America | A | |
| 2014047014 | United States of America | W | |
| 14477354 | United States of America | – | |
| PCTUS2014054061 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | – | |
| 201414477354 | United States of America | A | |
| 2014054061 | United States of America | W | |
| 14484793 | United States of America | – | |
| 201414484793 | United States of America | A | |
| 2014062887 | United States of America | W |
Members40
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2015118295A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2015118300A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2015118301A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2015118302A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2015118303A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2900858A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2015065547A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| WO2015065586A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| WO2015066172A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| CN105682647A | China | A | |
| KR20160070839A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| IL245125A0 | Israel | A0 | |
| IL245125D0 | Israel | D0 | |
| PE20160606A1 | Peru | A1 | |
| EA201690874A1 | Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) | A1 | |
| US2016250203A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP3062778A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| CL2016001031A1 | Chile | A1 | |
| JP2016535773A | Japan | A | |
| MX2016005482AThis record | Mexico | A | |
| CA2900858C | Canada | C | |
| US9707224B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP3062778A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| HK1223856A | Hong Kong, China | A | |
| HK1223856A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| US9757371B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2018185354A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EA032013B1 | Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) | B1 | |
| ZA201604451B | South Africa | B | |
| AU2014342412B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| US10568881B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP6659925B2 | Japan | B2 | |
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| IL245125A | Israel | A | |
| IL245125B | Israel | B | |
| US11207318B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| KR102363573B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| US2022071990A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US11844796B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| MX384376B | Mexico | B |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2016005482
- Application
- 5482
Titles2
- Spanish
- FORMAS DE DOSIFICACION GRANULADAS DISUASIVAS DEL ABUSO DE LIBERACION INMEDIATA.
- English
- IMMEDIATE RELEASE ABUSE-DETERRENT GRANULATED DOSAGE FORMS.
Classification
- CPC, 29
- A61K9/2081
- A61K31/485
- A61K9/5026
- A61K9/5078
- A61K31/167
- A61K31/165
- A61K31/515
- A61K31/5513
- A61K31/135
- A61K31/437
- A61K31/554
- A61K31/137
- A61K31/4458
- A61P25/04
- A61K9/0053
- A61K31/616
- A61K9/1676
- A61K9/2009
- A61K9/2013
- A61K9/2018
- A61K9/2027
- A61K9/2054
- A61K9/2063
- A61K31/192
- A61K31/4402
- A61K9/5015
- A61K9/5031
- A61K9/5047
- A61K31/16
- IPC, 4
- A61K9 20
- A61K9 22
- A61K31 485
- A61P25 04