Solar water heater

Description:

The invention relates to heliotechnics, in particular to liquid heating devices.

A solar heater is known to contain a solar energy collector, made of a plurality of pipes with plates coated with light absorbent film, joined by hot and cold water pipes and cold water supply and hot water drainage manifolds. [1].

The disadvantage of this heater is the complexity of the construction. Costly technologies and materials are used to make it, which leads to the high cost of the device and, consequently, to the high cost of the energy obtained.

The closest solution is the solar heater, whose solar energy collector represents an extruded plastic board with a multitude of channels. The solar energy collector contains the transparent section and the absorbent section of solar energy, separated by a common wall, the ends of the absorbent section being connected with the cold and hot water collectors, which also close the ends of the transparent section. The collectors are placed at the ends of the panel by gluing with adhesive. The walls of the transparent section are transparent for solar radiation and the walls of the absorbent section are dark [2].

The disadvantage of this heater consisted in its complicated manufacture by the fact that at the extrusion of the simultaneous panel the transparent and dark section must be obtained, and in order to obtain the last one, material containing dyes must be extruded. At the same time, the collectors being glued to the panel, constitute a place of leakage of the liquid due to thermal deformations during the operation of the heater and the impossibility of their hermetic bonding due to uneven deformations during the preparation.

The problem that the invention solves was the simplification of the construction and the process of making the heater, as well as the removal of the insecure junctions between the panel and the collectors.

The device according to the invention removes the disadvantages mentioned above by containing a solar collector, made in the form of a plastic board, which includes a transparent section and another solar energy absorber, separated from each other by a transparent plate, in each of being made tubular channels, a heat-insulating layer, located under the absorbent section, as well as collectors of cold water supply and drainage of heated water, joined with the tubular channels of the absorbent section. In addition, it contains an accumulation vessel, together with the exhaust manifold heated with о pipe, on which a thermostat is installed, at the same time, the outer surface of the absorbent section or the inner surface of each tubular channel thereof is covered with an absorbent layer. light, and the collectors of cold water supply and hot water outlet are located at the ends of the absorbent section, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the tubular channels.

The exclusion of the possible leakage places of the liquid from the panel and of the uneven deformations is carried out by removing the partitions and bonding the side walls of the panel with bars during the preparation of the cold water collector and the heated water collector. All this leads to increased durability and lower cost, as well as the inclusion of the panel as a building construction element.

The invention is explained by the drawings in FIG. 1 ... 7, which represents:

FIG. 1, the general view of the solar energy collector;

FIG. 2, profile view of the solar energy collector;

FIG. 3, fragment of the cross-section of the solar energy collector AA of fig. 1;

FIG. 4, the longitudinal section of the end of the solar energy collector;

FIG. 5, the longitudinal section of the solar energy collector;

FIG. 6, the diagram of the roof fragment;

FIG. 7, the general view of the umbrella in the form of a solar window heater.

The solar heater contains the cold water pipe 1, the cold water collector 2, the solar energy collector 3, the heated water collector 4 and the heated water pipe 5 (fig. 1). The solar energy collector 3 is made of extruded plastic mass with channels 6 and 7 (fig. 3). The panel confines the transparent section with the channels 6 and the absorbent section of solar energy with the channels 7, which are separated by the common transparent plate 8. The inner surface of each channel 7 of the energy absorbing section is covered with a light absorbing layer 9. The light absorbing layer can cover both the inner surface of the channels 7 and their external surface b opposite the sun. The light absorbent layer 10 covers the extreme surface of the channels 7 of the absorbent section. Under the absorbent section is placed a heat-insulating layer 11. The ends of the panel are conjugated in such a way as the bar 12 (fig. 4) and the side walls 8,13 and the dividing walls 14 of the absorbent section form the liquid passageways in the cold water collector 2 and the heated water collector 4. The bar 15, placed between the walls 8 and 16, closes the channels 6 to the transparent section. On the wall 13 is placed the device 17 for connection to the cold or heated water aqueduct. It contains о hole 18 with thread 19 for connection to the aqueduct. The hole 18 together with the hole 20 in the wall 13 forms the passage between the cold water collector 2 or the heated water collector 4 and the aqueducts.

MD 2802 C2 2005.06.30

The roof (fig. 6) is made of solar collectors 3 fixed on its housing 21 by longitudinal sliding fasteners! and sideways! 22 and connected between them by the common external distributor of cold water 23 and the common external collector of the heated water 24. The accumulation vessel 25 is placed on the bridge of the house. In it is mounted the regulator of level 26 of the water in the storage tank. The common distributor of water! cold is connected to the aqueduct, and between the common external water collector! inc! lzit! 24 and the storage tank 25 is placed the thermostat 27.

The window or door umbrella (fig. 7) confines the heater described above, mounted on the housing 28, where it is mounted and the storage tank 29. The housing 28 is fixed! by wall 30, above window 31 or doors.

The device starts in the following mode.

The cold liquid passes through the pipe 1, the device 17, the collector 2 and the solar energy collector! 3 and, filling the channels 7 of the absorbent section, it passes through the water collector! inc! lzit! 4 and the water pipe! inc! lzit! 5, through which it reaches the accumulation vessel 25.

The solar rays, passing through the edges of channels 6 of the transparent and liquid section, are absorbed by layer 10, heating them. Heat released! layer is transmitted! directly to the liquid (in the case of covering the inner surface of the channels) or through the sub-wall of the channels 7 (if the layer is placed on the surface b of the external side). Thanks! the difference in the density of the liquid begins its circulation from the collector 2 of the cold liquid to the collector 4 of the heated liquid and through the pipe 5 - towards the accumulation vessel. Thermal insulation layer 11 prevents! the release of the heat from film 10 in the environment, and the dryness is transparent! creates! the serum effect! lack of air circulation in channels 6 closed by bars 15, and isolates! thermal hot water from channels 7 of the environment.

Thanks! c! the panels can be made from plastics by the extrusion method, the solar heater can be used as a roof for buildings and constructions. In this case the water from the aqueduct passes through the level 26 regulator and the water collector! cold 23, filling channels 7. The sun's rays by heating the light absorbing layer 10, by heating the water from the panel, which thanks! the difference in density is high! at the top of the roof and through the distributor 24, it reaches thermostat 27. Thermostat 27 is closed as long as the temperature in the heater is lower! than necessary, when the thermostat 27 is reached, the heated water is opened! flows into the storage tank 25. When the water rises! at the maximum level of the storage tank 25, the level regulator 26 closes the passage of cold water to the roof. As the hot water is used in the storage tank 25, the water level drops! and regulator 26 opens the passage of cold water to the solar heater on the roof.

The process of heating the water from the window umbrella! or door! it is the same as described above and can be used in apartments, offices, restaurants and so on. a.

Transmission of heat from the absorbent layer to the liquid at low losses helps to increase the efficiency of the device. Its advantage is! in using the roof as a liquid heater for household purposes, heating the brushes in the cold season of the year and keeping the coolant in buildings during the hot season of the year (as a result of the heat absorption of the heat! be the liquid in the heater). This allows to considerably reduce the cost of the energy obtained by the solar heater and, at the same time, to reduce the expenses for air conditioning in buildings.