Method and apparatus for treating liquefied medium

[Detailed Description of the Invention]

The present invention relates to the disposal method and device containing an organic and/or inorganic contaminant of a fluid medium. Especially the present invention relates to the method and device which wash the porous diffusion element made immersed into the fluid medium containing such a contaminant. For example, the aeration of the abandonment fluid medium containing domestic sewage and factory effluent is longtime art. The activated sludge method including the aeration of the fluid of domestic sewage has been adopted about 60 years for a long time. The fluid medium processed by such an aeration method contains the organic remnants of a living body and a non-living body which contribute to formation of an organic and/or inorganic contaminant, for example, the salt relevant to the hardness of water which is comparatively hard to dissolve, a scale, and dirt in common. When carrying out aeration of these media by the aeration apparatus made immersed, in the point of releasing the gas by which these contaminants contain oxygen of such a device to a fluid medium, it pollutes gradually, and the opening which releases oxygen containing gas in a medium is closed, or it is made to change, and the result which is not preferred as for versatility is produced. In the case of the flat porous ceramic board currently used for emitting air to a sewer, for example in early activated sludge process equipment, such a contaminant disturbs the homogeneity of the gas distribution from an aeration apparatus, when an aeration apparatus is a field discharge type device. In a certain environment, differential pressure required to carry out the discharge drive of the oxygen containing gas by a predetermined flow increases from an aeration apparatus, Therefore, the increase in the power consumed although reduction and/or the necessary flow of the amount of oxygen obtained by an aeration apparatus, therefore an oxygen transfer rate are maintained therefore required energy, and cost is caused. Since these pollution phenomena advance automatically, while using the aeration apparatus for a long period of time, a device will cause failure certainly. However, encouragement of finding out solution to a person skilled in the art from recognition of the intolerable environment which arises from failure of a sewage treatment device has been made. Although it has argued about the problem of contamination for years and was coped with by various methods, the degree of success is various, and it is Oh. The literature which discusses this problem, and the proposed solution will be obtained also in the 1930s. However, the publication taken out to these following Every is only discussing the difficulty of finding out seriousness in question and very satisfying solution. Recognition that it is what is attached highly inconvenient from a point of the loss by stop of personnel expenses and a device removing an element from an aeration tank in order to wash a diffusion element in an early stage very much is Oh. Therefore, various trials which develop the satisfying disposal method for washing an aeration apparatus in the state of predetermined were conducted, without eliminating a fluid medium from a tank, without removing from an aeration apparatus, when it could do. It is Oh to mix gaseous chlorine with air and to pour into an aeration apparatus, while operating the aeration apparatus as one of the tried art. This method decreased resistance of the flow and a success of a certain grade was obtained in that the life of an element is lengthened a little. However, in a success of this method, variation is Oh. For example, Mr. R.B. Jackson (Jackson) is Water. In the report "method of maintaining the opening of a diffusion board by chlorine" (1942 nine monthly publications, the 380~382nd page) of Works Sewerage, Although supplying chlorine according to the required time has an effect in maintaining an operation in a certain period, the aeration tank was drained again after this and it has reported that it is necessary to wash a Noodle diffusion element with the fluid cleanser of acid content incompetent. However, Mr. Jackson is only one person of many people who experimented on prescribed position washing in various devices using the gas-like detergent. However, in spite of the trial which completes this art, it was not generally admitted to the large-scale sewage treatment device provided with a porous diffusion element. The designer of a sewage treatment device has full knowledge to the pipe type dispersion equipment, i.e., the pipe type diffuser, for the pond of the sewage disposal used for a small area, or lagoon. It lends and such a device forms a small hole or slit in these pipes for every long Along comparison interval [ length ] which makes the bottom of lagoon stop the sequence of the plastic pipe of a byway, or hangs above the bottom. For example, a lagoon air ration corporation (Lagoon Aeratin Corporation) The pipe type diffuser marketed by the proprietary name "LASAIRE" provides a hole with a small diameter of 0.30 mm (0.012 inch) in the top part of a pipe with an inside diameter of about 12.7 mm (1/2 inch) made heavy at about 101.6 mm (4 inches) of every Along. As other pipe type diffusers marketed, the slit is formed instead of the hole. There is a plastic pipe with the rigidity which attached the porous small ceramic insertion to Tubular instead of the above-mentioned hole or the slit as other form. A health engineer adds washing gas, such as hydrogen chloride, to such a pipe type diffuser at oxygen containing gas, in this case, the thing noticed that washing of making it passing compulsorily while gas is immersed in a hole, a slit, or a small ceramic insertion and these have been made immersed in the prescribed position of a fluid medium, and removing adhesion of an organic and/or inorganic contaminant is effective -- it is natural. However, irrespective of the old knowledge of the trial in early stages of fixed position washing of the porous side discharge diffusion element adopted as the tank type aeration apparatus generally used in the clear validity of fixed position gas scrubbing of a pipe type diffuser, a big city, and a ground region, Fixed position gas scrubbing was not generally adopted as such a device. the standard of judgment if the fact that the art relevant to the character of the problem of contamination and fixed position gas scrubbing of a pipe type diffuser is used for a sewage treatment device designer for years is taken into consideration, when the problem of fixed position gas scrubbing will choose a tank type aeration apparatus provided with a porous diffusion element -- it is considered intermediary There was. namely, the art of fixed position washing of the porous diffusion element of a tank type aeration apparatus in which economical [ practical and ] and it is reliable -- a device designer and a person skilled in the art -- an intermediary -- it seems that it did not become a method generally used from the fact of not having been clear. The operator of a device takes out a unit from a device and drains a tank, The diffusion element polluted with the hose for fire extinguishing, etc. by ranking a tank next first is washed, The element group carried out numbers of tons is removed from a tank, and it conveys to a washing factory, and performs acid and/or caustic dissolution washing, It dries, calcinates again at a high temperature, and exchanges the element of considerable a large number which did not obtain a colander by a crack or distortion at a re-calcination process if it was at inferior goods, The damaged charge of a gasket material is removed from a holder, and an element is rearranged while attaching a new gasket, A means to hold a diffusion element in a holder is bound tight again, a tank is again filled up with a fluid medium, and it also seems that carrying out without disliking the troublesome work of resuming an operation is the cause by which fixed position washing was not adopted. Daniel completed on September 15 in further 1980 H. The paper of the title "Surveyand Evaluation of Fine Bubble Dome Diffuser Aeration" by Mr. Houck and Mr. Arthur G.Boon is also proving that fixed position washing is not adopted. They studied the problem and cleaning method of contamination while performing deep consideration to the method of the operation and the maintenance in a design, an operation procedure, and the U.S., and the activated sludge process equipment of an overseas provided with a detailed air-bubbles diffuser. It has reported that no devices which need periodical washing have adopted predetermined gas scrubbing. Cleaning methods currently used for the ceramic diffusion element include pickling and ultrasonic cleaning which were combined with re-calcination, rinse water, and steam, brushing by a hand, etc. According to this research, the detailed information and observation about the restriction in the cost overrun and the economical validity of re-calcination were also obtained. Nevertheless, using re-calcination and/or pickling on the basis of the established validity has been recommended. However, this research did not wash appropriately the ceramic diffusion element polluted by a scale, especially calcium carbonate depending on pickling, but it is announced to suitable washing that a diffusion element should be re-calcinated. The necessity over suitable fixed position gas scrubbing for the tank device which has a porous diffusion element exists for 40 years or more. however -- admitting the method which is trouble and where an above-mentioned device is suspended, time is taken for a long time, and expense moreover starts -- even giving encouragement -- the solution to was not clarified in practice by the consciousness of the device designer of carrying out, the operator, and the administrative officer. Therefore, the present invention is to obtain the fluid-medium disposal method and device with which it is satisfied of this necessity. The present invention makes the diffusion element which the fluid medium was made to immerse like conventional technology pass processing gas. The contaminant in a medium and processing gas has a tendency which forms an organic and/or inorganic sediment in the surface of an element, especially the surface contiguous to a fluid medium. Washing gas is mixed with independent or processing gas like the satisfying conventional trial, and an element is passed. The mixed gas of washing gas or washing gas, and processing gas shall have destructivity to an above-mentioned sediment, and it shall have the tendency to make a sediment dissolve and/or exfoliate. According to the present invention, it introduces by sufficient frequency also including introducing washing gas continuously, and prevents advance of deposition of the contaminant exceeding the specified quantity. The increase level of hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release pressure to the standard conditions in early stages of an element can prescribe degree of contamination, for example. For example, standard conditions are exceeded and the hydraulic pressure level of an element is 9x10 of an effective gas discharge side.²cm²(1ft²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³At the time of the flow of /min. (2SCFM), suitably, about 381.0 mm (15 inches), since more suitably restricts the increase in pressure more than about 177.8 mm (7 inches), about 635 mm (25 inches) of columns of water supply washing gas in sufficient frequency and sufficient quantity. In order that average air-bubbles release pressure may restrict the increase in pressure more than about 177.8 mm (7 inches) more suitably about 381.0 mm (15 inches) exceeding standard conditions as an alternative plan in 635 mm (25 inches) of column-of-water pressure abbreviation, washing gas is supplied in sufficient frequency and sufficient quantity. Washing gas has an immersion portion and supplies it to an element through the gas distribution network which provided two or more flow control means in this immersion portion. A flow control means is independent to each plenum of I got it plurality in washing gas, or makes it mix a size arrangement or adjustment with processing gas, and only an equivalent amount supplies it mostly, Each plenum is connected to one piece or the diffusion element beyond it directly or indirectly, and each plenum enables it to supply almost an equivalent amount of gas to a diffusion element by this. It is independent, or it is made to mix with washing gas, and processing gas is made to emit from a diffusion element suitably on about the 90th on at least about the 30th during the operation cycle which consists of the total days for about 365 days more suitably. Contamination is restricted by supplying the washing-during period gas of this cycle in sufficient frequency and sufficient quantity, and maintaining hydraulic pressure and/or average air-bubbles release pressure to an above-mentioned level or less than it (delay, prevention, and/or a removal operation are included). In the example of a present invention fluid-medium processing unit, a gas distribution network is established in a tank. The introduction means which introduces processing gas into a network at such a device, and is independent, or makes it mix with processing gas periodically, and introduces washing gas is established. In order to receive above-mentioned gas by a predetermined flow and to emit it again, two or more flow control means are arranged into a network immersion portion. Two or more porous side discharge diffusion elements are provided in a device, and let these elements be members provided with the minute hole of a large number which carried out high density estrangement mutually, These holes make the passage which emits gas, and when an organic and/or inorganic contaminant accumulates on these passages, hydraulic pressure will increase from standard conditions. Each diffusion element is connected to the individual flow control means of the upper region of each plenum through an individual plenum. Although the example of the present invention is shown per drawing below, the present invention can add various change, without limiting to these. Theoretical consideration In order to make the gas discharge passage of a diffusion element pass gas and to make it foam to a fluid medium, as compared with the pressure of the fluid in the outflow end of a passage, pressure of the gas in the inflow end of a passage must be made fairly high. This differential pressure is called pressure loss. The great portion of pressure loss is the surface tension of the fluid in the position in which air bubbles are formed, and it participates in the power which this applies to gas. The frictional resistance to the gas stream in a passage also participates in the total pressure loss added to an element a little. The size of the ingredient by the surface tension in pressure loss is in inverse proportion to the effective hydraulic radius of the passage in the position in which air bubbles are formed. Therefore, the surface tension ingredient in pressure loss becomes large as a passage becomes thin, and it has a tendency which becomes small as it becomes thick. The frictional resistance ingredient in pressure loss is in inverse proportion to the diameter of a hole. Therefore, this ingredient has a tendency which becomes small as it becomes large as a hole becomes small, and a hole becomes large. The pressure loss in a passage is affected also according to the gas stream which passes through a passage. surface tension -- a porous element -- an intermediary -- although not influenced so much by the flow by a general flow, frictional resistance is directly related to a flow. Therefore, the change in the flow in a passage makes the total pressure loss fluctuate. When a diffusion element is a new article, while a flow, temperature, gas viscosity, atmospheric pressure, and humidity show specific pressure loss to predetermined gas or mixed gas on predetermined conditions, by predetermined pressure loss, it becomes a specific flow. Have often been expressed by the pressure/flow characteristic of a diffusion element with hydraulic pressure. The pressure loss and hydraulic pressure of an element show the result of composition of a different flow which passes through many individual passages over the whole element. The pressure/flow characteristic between each diffusion element are changed sharply. When the individual hole of a certain element also differs in a passage or the shape of a hole, a size, and a hydraulic radius, respectively, pressure differs from a flow characteristic. If a technical situation is taken into consideration, it is difficult to manufacture what 100 and thousands of diffusion elements which show almost same pressure/flow characteristic. When using an element for the fluid medium containing a contaminant, a contaminant is got blocked in the portion of a passage or the entrance of a hole, an inside, an exit, or one of the associations, decreases the diameter and/or effective hydraulic radius of a hole, and affects the pressure / flow relation of an element. Therefore, even if other factors of all the are equal, a contaminant decreases the flow in specified pressure, or it may make pressure required to maintain a predetermined flow increase. Next, theoretical explanation which shows the advantage acquired by an operation of the present invention and the present invention is given. When an element is a new article, frictional resistance and the combined resistance of surface tension point to the gas stream which passes an element with the priority to the minimum hole. Therefore, other holes with frictional resistance and higher combined resistance of surface tension may have few operations, and may be in the state for bad harvest temporarily at least. If according to this theory it is used or begins to produce a jam by deposition of a contaminant in the hole which is acting most, a flow will decrease. In order to maintain a flow, when making the working pressure of a device increase, considerably many holes which acted in early stages or were most often acting can be got blocked, and an operation can penetrate [ the Ivy hole in few ] gas with increase pressure at last for high pressure loss. The Ivy hole in few also begins to get [ this first stage ] an operation blocked soon. If the pressure of a device is made to increase again, the hole besides Ivy in few of the operation for still higher pressure loss will be in an operation state. Thus, it is expected that most holes which can use a diffusion element result in A situation in which it is clogged up by the increase in pressure for maintaining advance and the flow of a clog. When performing fixed position washing by an ordinary method in this stage of the operation history of an element, when very few holes, for example, the small hole which began to act latest, and washing are started, completely, as for washing gas, some oversized hole which was not prevented is only passed according to aggravation of a clog of an element. When according to this theory washing gas passes few above-mentioned holes and the sediments of a hole decrease in number, the flow which passes these passages or holes will increase quickly. The gas pressure in the inflow side of an element is decreased by this increase in a flow, and washing gas is converted to a hole with stronger resistance to a flow than the passage of the small number washed other Is stuffy holes or as a result of the clog. The pressure in an inflow side declines and it becomes impossible thus, to overcome the operation by much frictional resistance and surface tension in a Choked passage. If this theory is right, it will be said that the maximum dormant faculty that washing has a limit, an inside Ivy passage or a hole begins to get the washing effect blocked first, and there is a dormant faculty which passes the flow maximum with the working pressure of a predetermined device, therefore can save power by washing is a Oh hole. If an above-mentioned theory is right, explanation as to the ability of a diffusion element not to sometimes often be recovered [ why ] to the pressure loss of an initial level by fixed position washing will stick. There may be a cause also in this un-succeeding having used an unsuitable quantity of washing gas. Failure may be produced by not providing an individual flow control means in the group of each diffusion element or a diffusion element by a case. It becomes impossible in such a case, to obtain recovery of an initial condition or initial capability for a device depending on washing gas finding out a channel for a Noodle diffusion element, and passing it to condition of use, finally, rather than the diffusion element which produced Clogging in early stages, therefore supplying washing gas. In the present invention, it is sufficient frequency for comparatively early time of an operation history of an element, and/or an individual flow control device is formed per each element, and washing gas is supplied. Therefore, an above-mentioned fault is conquered. By using many art and devices, the bad influence of delaying the frequency of washing can be decreased, and the washing effect by the present invention can be improved. There is the following as such art (however, it does not limit to these). A diffusion element is provided in dispersion equipment as a group, While washing the diffusion element in the one; above-mentioned group which washes these element groups independently [ other groups ] individually,; air mass flow which establishes the means operated by other flows and/or differential pressure of a group higher than a thing supplies plenum pressure comparatively high for the element which operates few, Plenum pressure in which an air mass flow is comparatively low for the element which operates mostly ; which provides the flow control means to supply in a diffusion element -- the peak of demand to; processing gas which begins gas scrubbing while the diffusion element is operating in the state where; hydraulic pressure and/or average air-bubbles release pressure to which the surface tension in the border plane of a fluid medium and a diffusion element is reduced temporarily are comparatively low, for example,; which starts washing before producing the load change which produces the seasonal variation peak in activated sludge process equipment -- a means to operate the surface level in the tank of a device is established. Next, the example of the present invention is described per drawing. Although it is most common to be used for the aeration apparatus for biological effluent treatment as for the present invention, it cannot be concerned with the existence of a biological contaminant and an un-biological contaminant, but is applicable to processing of a water fluid or non-aqueous liquid. As long as the washing gas used for the present invention is gas which has destructivity to a contaminant, what kind of thing may be sufficient as it. According to the suitable example of the present invention, processing gas is made into oxygen containing gas, especially air, and washing gas is made into hydrogen chloride gas (HCl), let a fluid medium be sewage containing domestic sewage, and let disposal equipment be tank type activated sludge process equipment. In the work of a typical sewage treatment device, I measured it. hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release pressure increases greatly on an inflow and/or the outflow surface of a diffusion element by unrestricted deposition of a contaminant, or it produces the big increase in the pressure of the both sides. For example, when there is much deposition of the contaminant concentrated on the effluence-of-gas side of a diffusion element, while the hydraulic pressure of a I measured it. element and average air-bubbles release pressure increase sharply in respect of an outflow, change is lost to the cellular release pressure in an inflow side. On the other hand, when there is little deposition of the contaminant concentrated on the gas stream ON side of a diffusion element, The increase in the hydraulic pressure which it becomes moderate [ the increase in the average air-bubbles release pressure in these inflow sides ], and there is no change in the cellular release pressure in the outflow side of an element, and is added to an element is in the experiential error span of a hydraulic pressure measuring method, therefore it is a grade which cannot actually be perceived with the upper feeling. However, when there is much deposition of the contaminant concentrated on an inflow side, the measurable increase which hydraulic pressure and cellular release pressure may detect [ in / as Oh / an inflow side ] by the grade which cannot measure the increase in the cellular release pressure in an outflow side is produced. According to the present invention, washing gas is introduced so that deposition of the contaminant in a diffusion element may be restricted. In this restriction, there is prevention, an operation to delay, or an operation which sometimes removes some sediments about formation of such a sediment, and this controls the degree of contamination of a diffusion element. Therefore, since formation of any deposition of the grade which can be perceived, for example is prevented, washing gas can be supplied frequently, and it can avoid accepting any [ of hydraulic pressure and average air-bubbles release pressure ] increase in this case. Although it is not enough to prevent completely contaminant deposition of the grade which a diffusion element can detect as an example of other restrictions, There is a disposal method which appears in controlling growth of the contaminant of organic nature or other character, therefore maintaining the hydraulic pressure of an element and/or average air-bubbles release pressure within the limits of above-mentioned over a long operation cycle enough, and uses washing gas by a certain frequency. A certain device can be operated under time to differ and different conditions in above-mentioned either, i.e., the prevention mode, delay mode, or removal mode of an operating mode. it is made to operate by any in prevention mode, delay mode, or removal mode -- an imitation -- washing gas can be intermittently supplied including a continuous or periodic time interval. For example, when washing gas is supplied almost continuously over a long operation cycle and the contaminant concentration in a fluid medium or processing gas subsequently decreases for a certain reason, Or processing conditions are not suitable for deposition of a contaminant, supply of washing gas is interrupted at the time of Noodle, or I got it squirrel To is made intermittently. In the device of the form which reverse usually introduces washing gas intermittently during the operation cycle beyond 1 time or it, when the concentration of the contaminant in a fluid medium or processing gas increases to an unusually high level by a seasonal factor etc., it can wash sometimes continuously. It is an example of I or one intermediary To have that it is advantageous to supply washing gas continuously before the increase in hydraulic pressure and/or average air-bubbles release pressure becomes remarkable as for this. While using the device for performing a Recovery charcoal operation, washing gas can be supplied continuously. The suitable gas for continuation washing is hydrogen chloride gas. However, it is preferred for contamination to supply washing gas intermittently the time of I got it or before that at the time to go on to a predetermined grade, or to start the continuous supply of washing gas. The level of the hydraulic pressure to the original standard conditions of an element which increased, or average air-bubbles release pressure can prescribe the degree of contamination used as the standard which starts washing. However, it does not mean waiting for supply of washing gas until it results in sufficient pollution state to produce the measurable increase in the hydraulic pressure of a diffusion element, and/or average air-bubbles release pressure. It can avoid carrying out the increase in a small deer very much so that frequency may be made large enough, washing gas may actually be supplied, although it is at an intermittent target, and hydraulic pressure and/or average air-bubbles release pressure may not increase beyond a standard condition. In the device which increases frequency and moreover supplies washing gas intermittently, the pressure measurement system which can be used may not be precise to sufficient grade to measure the very slight increase in pressure which originates in contaminant deposition of a between the time of supplying washing gas. The most typical operating mode of many sewage treatment devices will be processing so that a clog of the diffusion element of the grade which can probably be perceived may not arise in between at the supply time of washing gas. For example, such a clog advances in the point which produces the increase in a measurable grade to the hydraulic pressure of an element, and/or average air-bubbles release pressure. The increase in the hydraulic pressure beyond a standard condition is 9x10 of the effective gas discharge side of an element.²cm²(1ft²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³In the burst size of /min. (2SCFM), column-of-water pressure is at least about 5.08 mm (0.2 inch), about 12.7 mm (0.5 inch), or about 17.78 mm (0.7 inch). The increase in the average air-bubbles release pressure beyond a standard condition can be at least about 5.08 mm (0.2 inch), about 12.7 mm (0.5 inch), or about 17.78 mm (0.7 inch) with column-of-water pressure. When operating by intermittent mode, the hydraulic pressure level of an element is 9x10 of an effective gas discharge side from standard conditions.²cm²(1ft²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³in the burst size of /min. (2SCFM) -- column-of-water pressure -- about 635 mm (25 inches) -- or -- suitable -- about 381 mm (15 inches) -- or only a quantity equal to about 177.8 mm (7 inches) can begin many gas scrubbing still more suitably a Noodle time or before at that time. as an alternative plan, average air-bubbles release pressure uses column-of-water pressure rather than standard conditions -- about 635 mm (25 inches) -- or suitably, about 381 mm (15 inches) or when it increases still more suitably only by about 177.8 mm (7 inches), washing can also be started. Supply of the washing gas in the supply period beyond introduction of washing, i.e., 1 time, and it is supplied so much to such an extent that sufficient washing specified by decreasing any increases in the hydraulic pressure which arises by contamination during the time of the conventional standard conditions and a washing start, or average air-bubbles release pressure to the predetermined minimum is performed. For example, with column-of-water pressure, at least about 7.62 mm (0.3 inch), reduction of hydraulic pressure introduces washing gas about 12.70 mm (0.5 inch) suitably until it reaches a value corresponding to about 20.32 mm (0.8 inch) still more suitably. Washing gas is introduced until reduction of average air-bubbles release pressure reaches a value corresponding to about 22.86 mm (0.9 inch) still more suitably about 20.32 mm (0.8 inch) suitably at least about 12.70 mm (0.5 inch) with column-of-water pressure as an alternative plan. It is without it applies art other than the gas which introduces sufficient quantity of washing gas by sufficient frequency, and does not separate a diffusion element from a contact state with a fluid medium, and/or washes a diffusion element, It is still more suitable, if it continues for a long operation cycle and a contact state with the fluid medium of a diffusion element is maintained. The object of the present invention is to maintain contact in this way and/or not to use other washing art. As other washing art, a diffusion element may be removed from the holder in a long operation cycle of years including years of a design life of an element beyond at least about two years, three years, five years, or it. It takes into consideration enough supplying washing gas continuously or intermittently so that the increase beyond the hydraulic pressure of an element or the standard condition of average air-bubbles release pressure may be suppressed from zero to 127.0 mm (5 inches) with column-of-water pressure bearing this in mind. Although hydraulic pressure or cellular release pressure is actually measured and there is nothing, washing gas can be introduced intermittently or continuously. For example, the variable or the conditions of it being closely related to pollution speed or quantity of contaminant, or denoting pollution speed or quantity of contaminant by it are answered, and introduction of the washing gas to a diffusion element is started, maintaining, controlling or stopping -- hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release pressure -- an above-mentioned level -- or it can maintain to less than it. The maximum days which can operate a device with processing gas and a fluid medium can be determined until it consists of operation experience by the fluid medium and washing gas of a certain device more than the hydraulic pressure of an element, and/or the level with an above-mentioned increase in average air-bubbles release pressure. In order to control deposition of a contaminant from experience, the time interval which supplies the washing gas of the specified quantity can be determined. Using the information on such a stock, based on the lapsed time from the last washing time, washing can be started periodically, and at the time of each washing, from experience, supply of washing gas can be performed over a I or intermediary To have period as it is proper. However, the conditions which express much more directly the hydraulic pressure of an element or average air-bubbles release pressure suitably are answered, and the start of introduction, maintenance, control, or a stop of washing gas is performed. For example, the back pressure of a device can express well the hydraulic pressure and/or the cellular release pressure of an element, and can use them as a standard of introduction of intermittence or continuation gas scrubbing. The change in above-mentioned back pressure is detectable by measuring the pressure variation in the lead pipe of the distribution network between a compressor (Blois is included) and a flow control means (a diffusion element is supplied through this means). The flow of gas which passes a diffusion element as an alternative plan can change, and it can detect the increase in above-mentioned back pressure based on other conditions of all the being equal, or being equivalent at least. Based on the amount of addition power consumed although the flow of washing gas is maintained in an equivalent amount along with advance of contamination of an element, the change in back pressure is detectable. Although washing gas is simultaneously supplied to the group which arranged thousands of [ hundreds and ] elements from about ten pieces, it is not necessary to apply the above-mentioned limit of the increase in hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release pressure to all the elements of such a group. Washing can be started when the thing of most of all the elements of a certain group reaches predetermined degree of contamination. However, it is not going to except the time of the a small number of portion of the elements exceeding above-mentioned full limits from consideration. Therefore, based on the hydraulic pressure of the typical element of such a group, or average air-bubbles release pressure, washing gas can be introduced based on the estimated average conditions of all the elements in a group. No elements of a predetermined group are important for receiving an equivalent amount of washing. when the element from which degree of contamination differs is actually contained in the group under processing, the amount of washing which should receive each element changes -- since it is clear and reduction of hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release pressure differs for every element, it is not necessary to wash all the elements by a degree as same -- it is clear. According to the especially suitable example of the present invention, reduction of the hydraulic pressure which arises during washing is delayed partially, and it aims at making the number of the holes of a diffusion element which pass washing gas increase as much as possible. It is assumed that other means are not used for the diffusion element polluted temporarily being washed, and maintaining hydraulic pressure during washing or making it change. A contaminant is assumed to be reduction and the type which breaks in an intermediary table of hydraulic pressure in a washing process. In this case, an equivalent is a time of recovering to the state where the hole which produced many clogs can be committed, Much more much gas volume is made to penetrate easily, in order to make other holes which have caused the clog pass gas, the gas pressure obtained in respect of the inflow of an element will decrease, therefore other above-mentioned Choked holes will never be washed, and the washing effect will have only a mere part. In order to avoid this fault, the present invention is related to delaying reduction of the hydraulic pressure by washing partially, and is carried out. This feature of the present invention is useful, when hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release pressure increases from standard conditions with column-of-water pressure more than about 635 mm (25 inches) and it starts washing, About 381 mm (15 inches) and when starting washing more suitably at the time of Noodle more than about 177.8 mm (7 inches), it is much more more useful than especially standard conditions at column-of-water pressure. The effective life of a diffusion element can be made fairly long by this method. the washing cycle for performing good washing of a diffusion element as a means to delay reduction of hydraulic pressure, for example boils most at least, and it crosses, and performs more than any one piece or it of the following inside in arbitrary order. Up to a speed later than a reduction speed, for example, according the reduction speed of the hydraulic pressure added to an element over a part of; maintained uniformly and/or cycle in the hydraulic pressure added to an element over a part of; cycle to which the hydraulic pressure added to an element over a part of cycle is made to increase to mere washing It is made to decrease (it is assumed that other conditions of all the are the same or equivalent). Since hydraulic pressure is a difference with the head of water of the gas pressure in the inflow side of a diffusion element, and the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid medium in the outflow side of an element in practice, it can perform delaying the hydraulic pressure reduction in connection with gas scrubbing by controlling the head of water of gas pressure or hydrostatic pressure, or its both sides. For example, the big differential pressure for a diffusion element can be applied during washing. This is obtained when maintaining the total gas pressure added to the gas stream ON side of an element more than the pressure considered to be supplied when the change [ in / most is covered at least and / a device ] on operation conditions of a washing cycle is only removal of the contaminant by washing gas. It is a setup of the total pressure level showing the raised differential pressure before the start of washing gas introduction, Or as for the increase level of differential pressure, it is common to make it 50.8 mm (2 inches) more suitably 25.4 mm (1 inch) about 12.7 mm (0.5 inch) with column-of-water pressure irrespective of whether it carries out after the time of a start, or a start. Other gas is made to mix washing gas, and it supplies, and makes it satisfy the increase level of the differential pressure with total above-mentioned pressure of all the gas to supply regardless of the rate to the total gas pressure of individual gas in this case. The quantity which passes each element increases noting that other independent variables of all the are the same, and hydraulic pressure decreases as washing gas removes the contaminant from the element gradually. However, by operating some variable, it can fix, or can be made to be able to increase or the result, the intermediary, and hydraulic pressure which control hydraulic pressure can be decreased at a speed later than the speed in other. The washing effect will become good if the reduction of hydraulic pressure including the fall of reduction speed is delayed. It is because this, i.e., washing gas, can be used to the both sides over many lead pipes or long time. The head of water of whether this delay increases the plenum pressure which feeds gas to a diffusion element, and/or hydrostatic pressure is realizable by whether it decreases. Anything can be used for delay of reduction of hydraulic pressure if it is the art which increases plenum pressure. As suitable art, and/or it increases a compressor output, the valve of a device may be adjusted and the air style sent to the portion which should be washed rather than portions other than the portion which should wash the device which has a common air lead pipe may be increased. If it is the art which decreases the head of water of hydrostatic pressure, anything can delay reduction of hydraulic pressure. For example, while introducing gas, it is notably made lower than the head of water before washing the head of water of hydrostatic pressure. Decreasing the amount of immersion of a diffusion element over at least one copy of the period which introduces washing gas is included in operating by the head of water of the hydrostatic pressure which decreased. For example, when having attached to the Possession skillful stage for reducing the level of the fluid medium in a treating tank, or pulling up a diffusion element from a fluid medium in a tank, it is carried out whether the immersion position in at least some media of a diffusion element is raised using the Possession skillful stage. Control and adjustment of combination with the head of water of the gas pressure added to the inflow side of an element and hydrostatic pressure can perform delay of the hydraulic pressure reduction under washing. For example, during the period when the head of water of the hydrostatic pressure resulting from the increase in the load of a device is going up, pressure is made high enough and reduction of hydraulic pressure is delayed. delaying reduction of hydraulic pressure -- an intermediary -- there are some by which an effective thing is liquefied or supplies a gas-like surface-active agent to the border plane of a diffusion element and a fluid medium during the washing as art besides I or intermediary To have. By this, the gas stream to a line intermediary To have unit increases washing by reduction in surface tension, therefore washing gas penetrates over a long period for many elements. As for HCl, it is I or intermediary To have to have this effect. Although it is not important, it is [ be / while / supplying sufficiently high pressure and/or / about 40% of washing gas ] suitably useful [ continuing contacting sufficient quantity of a surface-active agent at the border plane of a diffusion element and a fluid medium ] to emit 80% more suitably 60%, when bringing washing forward. Delay of hydraulic pressure reduction or all of the above-mentioned art which produces an equivalent effect are applicable to the arbitrary selected portions including each group of the diffusion element which constitutes a part of diffusion element of each tank of a gas distribution network or a multi-tub type device, and a certain tank. In order to explain progress in the arbitrary portions of processing by the present invention, the back pressure of various pressure conditions, for example, hydraulic pressure, average air-bubbles release pressure, standard conditions, and a device, etc. have so far been mentioned. however, the thing for which it is necessary to compare the observed value of different a large number in a certain pressure value -- natural Lessons is taken for this observation from the diffusion element which is the degree of immersion of a same or equivalent same-among fluid medium level, and emits the gas of the same quantity or an equivalent, and it must be made, Or when the degree of immersion, a fluid, and/or gas have a big difference, in order to amend these differences, suitable correction for data must be made. 9x10 of a norm predetermined in hydraulic pressure and the back pressure of a device, for example, the effective gas discharge side which were designed and manufactured and was installed²cm²(1ft²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³It is expressed by the numerical pressure which corresponds when emitting the flow of /min. (2SCFM). Therefore, amendment is needed for interpreting the observed value or data about hydraulic pressure or the back pressure of a device. Necessary is accepted and all the devices are 9x10 in a part.²cm²(1ft²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³The fact of necessarily not operating by the gas mass flow of /min. (2SCFM), and 9x10²cm²(1ftt²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³On the conditions from which even the device designed to operate by the gas mass flow of /min. (2SCFM) differs, the necessity of receiving such amendment arises from the fact of operating by a various flow. Therefore, in order [ for example, ] to compare the conditions which the back pressure of a device and hydraulic pressure observed including the increase in the hydraulic pressure beyond a standard condition in arbitrary devices, It is necessary to amend the hydraulic pressure observed by well-known calculation to a person skilled in the art based on the concentration of a flow and gas, the viscosity, the temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure which pass an element. 9x10 especially used for a setup of the hydraulic pressure range in the observation conditions of hydraulic pressure²cm²(1ft²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³It is necessary to change into the value corresponding to the quantity at the time of /min. (2SCFM). another side -- when carrying out the present invention to the device which has a flow measuring device of proper accuracy, it can cut down on calculating in the quantity corresponding to the standard conditions of hydraulic pressure including recording the total gas volume from a compressor, the viscosity of gas, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and other operation conditions, and is convenient. Therefore, it can be determined whether a preliminary check should be introduced according to the operation conditions of a device, and change of a flow, and washing should be started. A device is returned to the flow specified as these preliminary checks on standard conditions, then other above-mentioned data is recorded, and amending the pressure observed in a quantity equivalent to standard conditions if needed is included. The flow instrument which has required accuracy is marketed and many conversion tables for changing into the norm (SCFM) on the conditions of the temperature, pressure, and humidity which are adopted as a standard of the device of this The can also be obtained. what the computer of the wide use which operates process control equipment, or exclusive use can be formed according to necessary and it performs data conversion needed, and can be programmed -- it is natural. 9x10²cm²(1ftt²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³Although the flow of /min. (2SCFM) is convenient as a norm for hydraulic pressure and the pressure of a device and typical as a quantity which passes the diffusion element of the device of many marketing, One sort or a different standard flow beyond it is employable as a standard which introduces and controls the present invention in a certain device. For example, 9x10²cm²(1ft²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³A device and a diffusion element can be designed to a different flow other than /min. (2SCFM), or it is 9x10.²cm²(1ft²Hit 5.4x10⁴cm³It can also be made to operate enough over the period extended by a sharply different one-day average flow from /min. (2SCFM), for example, 90 days. In either of these flows, the increase in hydraulic pressure can also be used for starting washing or controlling. For example, a device can be operated so that washing may be started before the increase in hydraulic pressure exceeds 635 mm (25 inches) with column-of-water pressure compared with standard conditions. In this case, standard operation conditions and column-of-water pressure 635mm (25 inches) conditions correspond to a flow equal to the one-day average flow which flows through the device for 90 days just before starting washing. Change of a standard flow can be similarly performed to the back pressure of a device. There is no Decided principle about the quantity of the washing gas which should be supplied to the amount of deposition of a contaminant. That is, it is because effects differ and the reactivity over washing gas differs for every sediment, if washing gas differs. However, according to the present invention, the person skilled in the art can determine the washing gas volume for washing the sediment of various contaminants. The quantity generally used by the present invention is enough to decrease the hydraulic pressure increase of an element, and/or the increase in average air-bubbles release pressure. Considerable change of the washing gas concentration in the case of making it mix with washing gas supply volume and other gas can be carried out. However, it is I or intermediary To have that washing gas must be supplied over a long period at a low quantity or concentration, and it can wash for a short period of time according to a high quantity and concentration. However, it is preferred to supply washing gas at the quantity which can wash within [ in about 8 hours ], and concentration. The concentration of the washing gas at the time of mixing washing gas with processing gas is expressed as the mole fraction and/or the balanced concentration of washing gas in mixed gas, and this balanced concentration defines a liquid sample as a result when saturated with a medium. However, while the fluid medium which operates a diffusion element washes, it does not mean having to be saturated with mixed gas. The concentration which should be used can be chosen based on various factors. As this factor, there is an ionization degree of the solubility of the gas in a fluid medium, the specific destructivity of washing gas solution to the deposited contaminant, and the synthetic solution in an electrolysis solution. In the case of the washing gas which forms an acidic solution in water, the dissolution constant and especially the ionization degree are important. In this case, the mole fraction and the balanced concentration of PH and a gas phase can be used as a means of measurement and a definition. An above-mentioned proper limit can be determined experientially. the examination which uses the mixed gas of HCl and air under about 100% of humidity, and atmospheric pressure -- all the mol of mixed gas -- the mole fraction of per a number -- at least about 7.5x10^-5It is 1.3x10 suitably.^-3It is 6.6x10 more suitably.^-3But -- a proper thing -- I and It was. Standard atmospheric pressure and the balanced concentration per weight of the whole mixed gas in standard temperature correspond to 0.167, 0.24, and 0.28, respectively, and, as for these values, PH value is equivalent to 0.7, 0.5, and 0.5 or less value. However, PH balance concentration can also use about 3 or less, about 2 or less, and about 1 or less acidic gas. When using the present invention for the sewage disposal tank which uses the aerobic and/or anaerobic microorganism which metabolizes the pollutants in sewage, the concentration and quantity of washing gas should be made the quantity which does not have a big bad influence on the metabolism of the whole microorganism in a tank. There is vapor as other gas (not supplied) which mixes washing gas and is supplied to a diffusion element, and it may add to a device intentionally and may mix this vapor, without meaning. For example, it mixes in a device and mixes vapor with washing gas. That is, this is because vapor is the usual ingredient of processing gas of a certain kind (for example, humidity of air when using air as processing gas). Before this washing gas and vapor introduce washing gas into an above-mentioned network, they are mixed behind. For example, washing gas is dissolved in water, subsequently to water processing gas is passed, washing gas and vapor are extracted, and this mixed gas is introduced into a network. In the tank type aeration apparatus of another side marketing, a lot of solidified water is sometimes often contained in a network, and it mixes this vapor in a device as an ingredient in the air for aeration. therefore, washing gas and vapor are mixed as a result of the contact with the mixed gas of the washing gas formed before contacting pine Steam and washing gas which were boiled among the network, or the solidified water, and processing gas, and mixing. When supplying washing gas to the network which contains the solidified water so much, the greatest washing effect is not acquired until most solidified most [ all or ] is eliminated from a device, or until [ or the solidified water is absorbed by a lot of washing gas, ] it is mostly saturated by washing gas. When supply of the water by a fluid medium or processing gas produces deposition of a contaminant in the position which is not acquired easily in a diffusion element, in order to form the destructive solution which promotes washing, it is useful to supply the vapor mixed in washing gas. Various means can be used, in order to supply processing gas, or in order to supply continuously or periodically the mixed gas which has the destructivity of processing gas and washing gas. Processing gas can be supplied to a person skilled in the art by the total pressure or the flow control means of the well-known usual compressor or Blois, and a device. Washing gas is supplied through an ordinary flow control device and a flow measurement means from the storage tank which stores a lot of pressurized gas. The existing mixed gas of necessary destructivity can be formed by connecting with a means to supply processing gas to a means to transport processing gas to a fluid medium. The device for carrying out the automatic control of the mixture with processing gas and washing gas and the start of supply of the existing destructive mixed gas can be formed. According to the suitable example of the present invention, a measuring means is provided in a distribution network, Temperature of the gas which arranges it into the immersion portion of a tank although this measuring means is not certainly carried out, either, and passes a network or a typical diffusion element, It is good to maintain the hydraulic pressure which measures pressure and a flow in sufficient accuracy and is applied to a diffusion element in the range which does not become more suitably about 381 mm (15 inches) about 635 mm (25 inches) with column-of-water pressure more than standard conditions more than about 177.8 mm (7 inches). Suitable arbitrary materials can constitute a gas distribution network, for example, the pipe made of resin which has metal, the metal which carried out lining of resin, and rigidity can constitute, and there are the thermoplasticity and the thermosetting resin pipe which reinforced the pipe made of this resin, or it has not reinforced. However, it is preferred to supply washing gas to a diffusion element through the portion formed with the synthetic resin material of the above-mentioned network. Other network portions can be formed with other materials, for example, metal lead pipe, and attachments lug. According to the suitable example of the present invention, washing gas is mixed with processing gas in a network immersion position. A metal lead pipe can be used now for a network unimmersed portion by this, and a metal lead pipe can be used for the lower Sending pipe which transports processing gas to a fluid medium, for example from the upper part of the surface of a fluid medium. The lead pipe which has an inside of an acid-proof synthetic polymerization material constitutes the portion which touches the existing mixed gas of the destructivity of a gas distribution network suitably. When the synthetic resin conduit which has a load supporting wall of a suitable polymerization material is chosen, it is about 140.6kg/cm.²(2000 psi) 4218.4 kg/cm ~ abbreviation²The tensile strength of (60000 psi), about 2.8x10³Kg/cm²(4x10)⁴psi~about 2.8x10⁵Kg/cm²(4x10)⁶psi bends and they are strength and about 0.7kg/cm.²(10 psi) 70.3kg/cm of ~ abbreviation²It shall have the fearfulness of (1000 psi) (however, based on ASTM D-2412). suitable -- a lead pipe -- a wall can be formed with a synthetic polymerization material (PVC), for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), or other suitable resin materials. Although it is preferred for such materials to be able to use it also for the structure of a flow control means and a diffusion element holder, and to use it, the elastomeric material which shows tolerance to washing gas can also be used for a flow control means or a blockade means. The material to be used should be chosen in consideration of being strong against corrosion, a rainstorm, compression, and a shock. If required, a device suitable for expansion and contraction can be formed. A flow control means can also be used as the holder of a diffusion element at one, and can also be used as another object. Although attachment of a flow control means can be performed within and without a holder, the composition attached within a holder is the most convenient. The flow control device used for the present invention can use an activity type and passivity type flow control means including that to which the thing of arbitrary form may be used, for example, it can change the pressure response characteristic. For example, pressure variation is answered exponentially, for example, the passage where the ratio of length to a flow control means like a fixed orifice or the flow control means which answers linearly, for example, a cross-sectional area, is large can be used. The passage where pressure variation is answered and a cross-sectional area changes can also be used, and there are a thing which performs a valve operation, and a thing which can make only one way pass a flow as such a type. Being able to support a diffusion element with a suitable holder, each of these holders surrounds partially fullness space (it explains below), i.e., a plenum, at least, It has the support surface and makes this support surface carry out the support negotiations of the peripheral surface portion of a diffusion element by holding mechanism and/or a blockade means (it explains below). There are a thing which attaches an element to a holder, and a thing which attaches an element to the periphery of a holder in the holder of a known diffused type by multiplying the screw thread of a holder by the bolt hole penetrated for the element. Among these, the latter thing is preferred and various suitable examples are shown below as a blockade means to block such a holder and an element. Although a plenum can be made into suitable arbitrary materials, it is good to form with the synthetic material which has the physical characteristic mentioned above in relation to Then and a suitable pipe with the reinforced synthetic material. A holder can be formed with suitable arbitrary formation methods, for example, can be formed by injection molding, the laying-up method, and the spraying method. Although emitted to the inflow side of a diffusion element from a flow control means through a plenum, this plenum is made into the gas chamber demarcated by the wall means with the exit of gas, and it enables it to distribute gas uniformly to an inflow side. Although providing in a holder is common as for a plenum, it may not necessarily be in a holder. The wall of the field beyond one piece or it of each plenum can be demarcated according to the inflow side of a diffusion element, and can demarcate the wall of other plenum fields by the inner surface of a holder. By a case, most plenum wall fields are demarcated according to the inflow side of a diffusion element, and shape of the element in this inflow side is made into the shape of thin length with a small diameter compared with length. In the thing which can make a holder and holding mechanism the thing of various forms as mentioned above, for example, contacts an element to the periphery of a holder directly or indirectly, and attaches it to it, or the point that the periphery of the holder estranged mutually, Or an element can be attached in other positions and there are U.S. Pat. No. 4046845 and center bolt composition like [ of No. 3532272 ] a statement. However, by attaching a diffusion element using the main binding member or other binding members which are penetrated to the hole formed in the diffusion surface, a bad influence is produced and this bad influence cannot be foreknown clearly. It is line intermediary Came by the elastomer gasket which the blockade between an element and a plenum gave load perpendicularly in conventional technology. Load required to perform the proper blockade of a porous diffusion element is made high, for example, is made 22.68 kg (50 pounds) of 2.54-cm (1 inch) hits. When the power in which it is distributed over the surroundings of a periphery is larger than the suitable example of the present invention, it is necessary to enlarge a diffusion element, plenum intensity, and rigidity, and it uses a continuous clamp member or attachment component in this case. It is common to give play to a hole to the binding member which penetrates for an element and rushes into a plenum. Therefore, if the entire inside of a hole is not blocked, in this play, air will pass freely and will produce a superfluous flow from a diffusion element [ near the binding member ]. It is not from a play field, extending the blockade field of the lower part of the bottom level surface of holding mechanism will be lengthened, and corrects the passage of air through which it flows into the diffusion surface. This is for reduction of the unit flow near the binding member which comes from blockade fields increasing in number in the surface to reduce the friction pressure of this field, and to produce the problem of distribution of uneven power. The bad influence of an above-mentioned penetrated type binding member is conquerable by using the suitable periphery clamp or holding method by the present invention. As applicable holding mechanism, there are a clip, a clamp, and a ring, and it only holds and attaches [ a clamp or ] these things to a plenum by a bolt, Hook, a screw, and other binding implements. A suitable sealing member can be formed in various shape from various materials. For example, various plastics and rubber-like elastomers can be used. A sealing member can be used as the member beyond one piece or it of the section of circular, flatness, or other shape which has a specific outline adjusted to the shape of a diffusion element and/or a support means. The shape needed can be formed with suitable arbitrary formation methods, for example, can be formed with extrusion, casting, and other molding technique. According to the present invention, the blockade means which adheres to a diffusion element or it attaches is used, it does not have a thing clamped or pasted up and adhesion in a prescribed position, but there is a thing of the type which is not attached in these blockade means. A blockade means by which do not adhere to a diffusion element, either and it does not attach, either is preferred in the present invention, and it is preferred for it to reach by the structure of the diffusion element itself with the structure of above-mentioned holding mechanism, and to hold a blockade means for an element with the combination of these structures by the structure of a holder. Although it can see with a top view to arrange a blockade means to the periphery of a diffusion element and Along arrangement can be carried out at the inner side of the outline of an element and/or the outside, the upper part of the side of an element, a lower part, and/or the side, It is convenient, when a sealing member is contacted on the upper end edge of the perpendicular side (also including a perpendicularly near thing) of an element so that it may explain in detail below. A diffusion element can be formed in various shape from various materials. Generally the present invention can be carried out using a porous diffusion element, and this element approaches mutually [ the byway which demarcates the course which emits gas to a fluid medium ], and has the passage or hole of It matched a large number. these holes or the shape of a passage, a size, and length can be made arbitrary, and shape comprises the method of forming an element -- a grade decision is made. For example, what operated the fusion material of non-water solubility and the mixture of water-soluble solid particles orthopedically is solidified, and a porous object is formed by subsequently carrying out dissolution discharge of the water-soluble particles. A porous object can be formed by piling up the textiles formed from textiles or a filament as an alternative plan. However, formation of the hole of a diffusion element and a diffusion element combines solid particles, is used as a lump, and forms a hole by the crevice between this lump's joint particles. Particles can be combined, without using, using adhesives. An element can be formed, for example by the shape of a particle and/or fibrous organicity, or the charge of non-equipment. As an example of organic materials, there are particles of the polymerization material of solubility given in U.S. Pat. No. 3970731. As an example of the charge of non-equipment, there are metal powder and ceramic powder, such as alumina, silica, mullite, and various clay. By applying pressure, a detailed material can be formed and hardened and can produce the associative strength which makes heat or sinter if needed and is needed. It can also join together with an organic or inorganic binding material, and can combine detailed particles and/or textiles mutually by organic adhesives, ceramics, dissolution combination, or sintering. A diffusion element can be formed in suitable shape. For example, it is flat or can make it the shape of a board, a pipe, or a dome of demarcating the curved surface. As what in which see with a top view as applicable shape, and a thing of circular, an elliptical form, a rectangle, a rectangle, a polygon, and an infinite form and what has an almost level cross section are and is [ this cross section ] almost level, Although it is a very flat thing and the non-level surface, some are almost level for the purpose of having a portion which extends horizontally partially. The edge of an element can be made into a thing without the thing which is flat, and can make it the thing of a perpendicular state, or the thing of an inclining state, and has a level difference, or a level difference, and can establish an inclined part, a roundness part, a slot, etc. in an edge part. The effective gas discharge side which does not have a big opening which emits air bubbles to U.S. Pat. No. 3970731 like a statement in the generally applied element is established. It is good to make it generate detailed air bubbles from the arbitrary positions of a gas discharge side suitably. It is made what does not have a big air penetration hole more than 0.3T (average thickness of the element which T took into consideration on the basis of area) in the gas stream ON side of an element. By hardening particle material, a big hole is a big hole rather than usually generated. All the gas paths which reach the gas discharge side attached to the plenum or the holder through the main part of an element are useful in it being the almost same length. Cellular release pressure is good to use an about 101.6 mm ~ 254 mm (4~10 inches) diffusion element still more suitably about 76.2 mm ~ 381 mm (3~15 inches) suitably about 50.8 mm ~ 508 mm (2~20 inches) with column-of-water pressure. It is thought that the optimal cellular release pressure is about 177.8 mm (7 inches) in column-of-water pressure. As opposed to the underwater cellular release pressure of the element before the time of manufacture, i.e., use, with a new predetermined value. The art of determining the cellular release pressure of the diffusion element used for the present invention and other suitable characteristics is indicated to U.S. Pat. No. 952892. It is suitable if the element of a hydrophilic material is formed. That is, before the time of manufacture, and use, it is good for an element to form by the material which shows hydrophilicity. It is good to make it there be no substance with the adhesiveness which makes porosity the side (including the perpendicular surface or the perpendicularly near surface of the level difference close to the extremely perpendicular edge and the periphery of an element), and makes it semipermeability at least, and prevents cellular generating. When new as an element, it is the pressure of 50.8 mm (2 inches) of columns of water, and it is about 1.62x10.⁵~5.4x10⁶cm³What has the degree of penetration of /min. (6~200SCFM) is good. The thickness of an element may change, when it is uniform, Then is also good and it sees over the whole in a horizontal section. Especially the desirable characteristic of a suitable diffusion element is that cellular release pressure is comparatively uniform covering the effluence-of-gas side of an element. Such homogeneity can be acquired by suitable arbitrary methods, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 952892 has art of a statement. According to the suitable example of the present invention, the standard deviation of the measured value of the cellular release pressure of at least five pieces which carried out Along measurement on two straight lines in the outflow side of a diffusion element which intersect perpendicularly mutually uses 0.05 or less suitably 0.25 or less. A suitable diffusion element is formed by the particles sintered or combined with above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 952892 and the art of the No. [ 952862 ] statement. The diffusion element which has any one piece or all of the above-mentioned suitable characteristics can be chosen. It is good to support an element so that all the portions of the element which makes air flow into the surrounding fluid can touch water easily regardless of the form of the adopted holder and diffusion element composition, contact with the water of an outflow portion may be maintained and it may be subject to the influence of surface tension. Therefore, it is preferred to avoid the situation where the side of an element approaches the opening which eliminates water with the air emitted from the side of the element. The air which flows out of the element which adjoins an opening does not need to overcome surface tension, therefore air has a bad influence on distribution of the uniform flow from an element toward this portion of an element preferentially. However, when forming and arranging a support means and other structures in the shape and the position which can touch a fluid with any exposure surfaces which can flow the air of an element into a fluid easily, the defect of above-mentioned distribution can be eliminated. It can block the application of proper positioning of the sealing member whose length is lower than an element or impermeable covering to the surface of the portion of the diffusion element which emits air to an above-mentioned opening as an alternative plan, or by compressing enough the side or the portion which touches water, and showing impermeability mostly. however, it is porosity, semipermeability is shown in a suitable diffusion element at least, there is no adhesive substance which prevents generating of air bubbles in it, and it establishes the side which is "perpendicular" (almost -- perpendicularity, for example, or [ being perpendicular ], -- the state where about 20 degrees inclined is included). Such the perpendicular or almost perpendicular edge is suitably covered by the combination structure of a plenum, a blockade means, and holding mechanism. According to the suitable example of the present invention explained in detail below, a blockade means is arranged to the upper part edge demarcated rather than the length of a diffusion element by intersection with an upper part [ of short hiding, the perpendicular or almost perpendicular side, and the upper part gas discharge side of an element ] countering portion. A diffusion element is attached to the large-sized tank of the concrete structure for generally [ being attached to a natural or artificial reservoir, for example, a lake, lagoon, or a tank ], and most generally carrying out activated sludge processing of the domestic sewage. It is arranged in a reservoir by one row or the sequence beyond it, and is connected to a gas distribution network, and a diffusion element is supported in various height, forms suitable pressure, a flow control device, or an individual compressor, and ensures suitable distribution of the aeration gas to the element in various height. However, all the elements which are suitably open for free passage to the same gas distribution network in a certain tank are attached to the almost same height. The especially suitable example of the device used in relation to the present invention in the 1~18th figure is shown. Sewer aeration tank 1 is shown in Drawing 1, and the sewer which should establish and carry out aeration of bottom wall 2, side wall 3, and the end wall 4 to this tank is stored. The air in the atmosphere which formed and passed compressor 5 is supplied to air supervisor 8 through valve 6A, flow display meter 7A, and branch pipe 18A. storing high-pressure washing gas in storage tank 19 -- valve 6B and a flow display total -- pass 7B and branch pipe 18B -- emitting this washing gas to supervisor 8 -- compressed air -- it controlled or makes predetermined mixture perform Starting, stopping and controlling discharge of aeration and washing gas by operation of valves 6A and 6B, thereby, an above-mentioned element constitutes the means for supplying continuously or intermittently the mixed gas of aeration gas and washing gas to a distribution network again, in order to supply aeration gas to a distribution network. Air supervisor 8 is provided in a distribution network, it is common to support this supervisor 8 above the surface level of tank 1, this supervisor 8 is connected to lower Sending pipe 9, and this lower Sending pipe 9 is made to extend perpendicularly from air supervisor 8 to distribution tube 10 of bottom wall 2 slightly supported almost horizontally in the upper part. With distribution tube 10, terminal pipe 11 of the parallel arrangement of bottom wall 2 supported up slightly is supplied too. The interval of terminal pipe 11 and dispersion equipment, i.e., diffuser 12, which were arranged on the level surface is determined as a person skilled in the art based on a known standard. While forming supervisor 8 and lower Sending pipe 9 with metal in a suitable example, distribution tube 10 and branch pipe 18B are formed by a synthetic resin. lower Sending pipe 9 and pipe 10 -- gas -- it connects with dense tube fitting (not shown). In such an example, in an intersection with supervisor 8, branch pipe 18B is inserted into supervisor 8, as shown in Drawing 1, but supervisor 8 does not make it open for free passage, but within supervisor 8 and lower Sending pipe 9, it is made to extend continuously, can be attained to the downstream region of a joint, and the discharge exit of pipe 10 under the surface of a tank, and is closed. In the position where the downstream region of the joint immersed branch pipe 18B separately [ supervisor 8 ] as an alternative plan, it is also directly connectable with pipe 10. In Drawing 2, the expansion part perspective view of terminal pipe 11 provided with diffuser 12 is shown. As shown in the 3rd and 4 figure, it flows into terminal pipe 11, opening 13 is provided, this opening is formed in the center line of a crestal plane for every interval of Along regularity, and it enables it to supply air to plenum 14 of diffuser 12. Low wall means 15 is provided in each plenum 14. This whole low wall means or a great portion of section shape is made circular, and external surface 16 of pipe 11 is made to suit. Low wall 15 is closely multiplied by pipe 11 by a various method and various mechanical composition. For example, although a clamp or a strap can be used, adhesion combination is carried out suitably at a pipe. Although arbitrary adhesion art can generally be used, when the pipe is made of polymerization material (it is suitable material), it can attach by dissolution junction, i.e., thermal shock (ultrasonic wave is also included) junction. Thermal shock junction is advantageous in respect of simplicity and economical efficiency. Based on the type of the mounting means to be used, the same means as this mounting means or a diffusion means blocks a plenum to a pipe. An elastomer sealing member can also be provided between a plenum low wall means and external surface 16 of a pipe, and welding or adhesion can also block as mentioned above. When using the plenum of the pipe of a polymer, and polymerization material from a viewpoint of the one nature of structure, low wall means 15 can be closely multiplied by the portion of the length direction of external surface 16 of a pipe, and a cross section portion, and it is advantageous. Even if the conformity to the cross section of the pipe of low wall 15 has few low wall means, in intermediate part 17, it is suitably good to make it suit [ at least about 20-degree / about 45-degree ] over about 70-degree circle much more suitably. In the suitable example shown in the 3rd and 4 figure, it is about 90 degrees. As shown in the 3rd and 4 figure, air inflow mouth 22 is provided in low wall means 15, and boss 23 who projects slightly around this inflow mouth is provided in the inside of plenum low wall means 15. Air outflow opening 13 and inflow opening 22 are mutually maintained in the consistency state. According to the present invention, a flow control device, i.e., a regulator, is formed and numerals 24 show one example of this device. According to the suitable example, the joint assembly object of combination is formed by sleeve member 25 attached to a pipe, low wall means 15 and a flow control device, or this flow control device. For example, all these portions can be pasted up or welded simultaneously, and, thereby, considerable saving of a manufacturing process and the cost can be carried out. Flow control device 24 and various examples of change of this member are explained in detail below. Low wall means 15 can be seen with a top view, and can be made into arbitrary necessary shape. For example, an elliptical form is preferred although it can be made the outline of rectangle, rectangle, circular, and elliptical type. air inflow opening 22 and a flow control device (henceforth, "regulator) are called -- it is good to see the both sides of 24 with a top view, and to arrange in this outline. In Drawing 5, the longitudinal section of regulator 24 of the 3rd and 4 figure is shown. A regulator is used as a plug member in this example, a main blank is provided, and the inside of pipe 11 is made to open this blank for free passage through the open bottom wall of sleeve 25. One pair of level orifices 33 are made to extend in a transverse direction from blank 32, and the inside of plenum 14 is made open for free passage. The inside of plenum 14 is made to open these orifices 33 for free passage directly, as shown in the 3rd and 4 figure. However, as shown the outer edge of orifice 33 in Drawing 5, when it covers with elastic band 34, it has unidirectional, namely, acts as a nonreturn valve. This characteristic is useful when the air pressure of terminal pipe 11 has temporary disappearance. The pressure of plenum 14 is maintained by unidirectional [ of a regulator ], and the fluid of the exterior of a diffuser is prevented from flowing backwards in a plenum through diffusion element 35. When pressure is recovered by this, the difficulty at the time of starting of a device is decreased. A sewer blocks such members forming by adverse current through diffusion element 35 or regulator 24, and the flow which passes through an element and/or a device when the flow of pressurization air is recovered is blocked completely, or distribution of a flow is made uneven. the -- the unidirectional style regulator called what is called "Ducksville (duck-bill)" inA [ 5 ] figure is shown. the material into which this Ducksville has flexibility and elasticity -- Mouthfeel of a duck -- it is shape [ like ] and makes it the structure which provided the lip part which has a usually closed slit. In this example, it attaches to sleeve 25A which stored Ducksville in plenum low wall 15 and terminal pipe 11, and arranges the great portion of Ducksville inside the outline of terminal pipe 11. Cylindrical drum section 37, and lip part 38 and annular flange 40 which use level slit 39 as an end are provided in Ducksville, and this annular flange 40 is blockaded in sleeve 25A with concentric color 41 which adhered to sleeve 25A. Ducksville can be supported from the bottom by turning-inward flange 42 which forms main opening 43 in the lower end of sleeve 25A, the inside of cylindrical drum section 37 can be made open for free passage, and the inside of plenum 14 can be made to open air for free passage between the inside of a pipe, and lip part 38, and through slit 39 by this drum section. The orifice which arises in the case of opening of slit 39 changes according to pressure, and if the other flow stops at a plenum, it will be closed. Therefore, it acts as a nonreturn valve like the example of change shown in Drawing 5. the -- in 5B andC [ 5 ] figure, the regulator in which the ratio of length to a cross-sectional area has multiple large passages is shown. Cylindrical housing 47 with the stage is provided in the regulator of the 5th the B figure, and the section of lower end 48 of this housing is decreased, This lower end part can be closed at air outflow opening 13 and inflow opening 22 of terminal pipe 11 and plenum low wall 15, Tawn and these members forming can be welded, and it can be made the assembly object of one. providing circular bottom bottom 49 in housing 47 -- this bottom -- the -- provide air inflow mouth 50 so that it may show clearly inC [ 5 ] figure, and this bottom is made to act as a base for central screw support 51, and this screw support is made to project up exceeding the top part of housing 47 Annular porous plug 52 is arranged to the large diameter part of housing 47, and the space between support 51 and the side wall of housing 47 is filled by this plug. Prevent an air style from bypassing between the perimeter of plug 52, and the inner wall of housing 47 with O rings 52 and 53, this O ring 53 is made to adjoin a plug, and it compresses between a plug and the step of housing 47. Air is prevented from bypassing from the main hole of plug 52 between a plug and support 51 by piece 54 of flexible blockade wings, and the center section of the upper surface of a plug is made to carry out the blockade negotiations of the piece 54 of wings by Nut 58 screwed in washer 55 and support 51. When air passes on the upper surface of a plug through porous plug 52 from the inside of terminal pipe 11 by the flexibility of piece 54 of wings, the outer edge edge of the piece of wings can go up. Thus, the air which flows out of the upper surface of a porous plug passes through between the upper end edge of housing 47, and wings one end edges 57 which act as a unidirectional valve. When producing a flow in the time of the flow which passes through porous plug 52 stopping, or a counter direction, the piece of wings closes, and gas is prevented from flowing backwards in terminal pipe 11. Control of an above-mentioned bypass operation can be performed as an alternative plan by providing impermeable covering in the main hole of plug 52, and the surrounding wall. the 3rd, 4, and 5 figures -- the same -- the -- the regulator which can carry out attachment-and-detachment exchange easily is shown inD [ 5 ] figure. In this example, other parts are arranged in pipe 11 in plenum 14 for some regulators again. Sleeve 25B is arranged to air outflow opening 13 and inflow opening 22 of terminal pipe 11 and plenum low wall 15. Like the regulator of 3rd, 4, and 5 figure, cylindrical blank 32 is provided in the regulator of the 5th the D figure, and the bottom of this blank is opened wide, and level orifice 33 is made open for free passage. Cylindrical drum section 60 of this regulator is closed in the cylinder hole of sleeve 25B, two circular sulci, i.e., upper part slot 61, and lower part slot 62 are established in Tawn and drum section 60, and O rings 63 and 64 are attached to these slots, respectively. The outside diameter of upper part O ring 63 is slightly enlarged from the inside diameter of sleeve 25B, and the flow from terminal pipe 11 to the inside of plenum 14 is blocked through the space between cylindrical shell part 60 and the inside of sleeve 25B. The outside diameter of lower part O ring 64 is enlarged slightly further a little, and the operation which holds a regulator to a prescribed position is made to perform. Compression of O ring 64 is enabled enough, big space is given to slot 62, and cylindrical drum section 60 which has O ring 64 arranged to the prescribed position of slot 62 is introduced into the upper end of sleeve 25B, the -- it pushes in in sleeve 25B to the position shown inD [ 5 ] figure, and enables it to be stuck to bottom inside 65 with a taper which O ring 64 is extended in this position, and forms Deterrence in the lower end of sleeve 25B by pressure Although the outside diameter of O ring 64 is enlarged enough and he is trying to hold a regulator to a prescribed position under usual working pressure, A regulator can be extracted, without destroying a regulator or sleeve 25B, and it can exchange for the regulator which has the different flow characteristic. This is advantageous when it is desirable for exchanging diffusion element 35 (refer to 3rd [ the ] and 4 figure) for the element of a different head-of-water loss to change the operational characteristic of the time of Noodle or the whole aeration apparatus into necessity. In the above-mentioned 3rd, 4, 5, and 5A~5D figure, the example of some regulator attached to a plenum, a terminal pipe, or the cross section field of the both sides was shown. However, it has the common character to arrange in the member which carries out a termination below diffusion element 35, various flow control devices, i.e., regulator, which were explained here. If it is a person skilled in the art, various regulators will be able to be easily attached by various methods. As shown in the 3~5th figure, side wall means 26 is connected with the periphery of low wall means 15. This side wall can be made to incline in an inner direction or the method of outside perpendicularly from a low wall means. A side wall means is suitably connected with the whole periphery of a low wall means, and an inner direction or the method of outside is made to incline from a low wall means. The upper part and the method of outside are made to estrange a diffusion element support means from a low wall means, and it is provided in a side wall means. Level annular shelf 27 is provided in such a support means, and the inside diameter and outside diameter of this shelf 27 are made respectively small and larger than the diameter of the lower end edge of diffusion element 35. According to necessary, shelf 27 is used as the part of the step of side wall means 26, and cylindrical almost perpendicular wall 21 is provided in the lower part of this step. Although a diffusion element support means can be arranged in the arbitrary positions of side wall means 26, it is preferred to arrange in the best of side wall means 26 and an outermost direction projection part. A side wall means is suitably made into the shape of a cone. When according to the suitable example of the present invention shown in the 3~4th figure almost perpendicular erection wall 28 of one is provided in a plenum and it sees with a top view, diffusion element support means 27, for example, a level annular shelf, is surrounded with this wall 28. When establishing wall 28 (providing is preferred), the height of erection wall 28 is made almost equal to the height of diffusion element 35. Erect inside 29, upper end edge 30, and external surface 31 with a screw thread are mostly provided in wall 28. In a suitable example, shelf 27 and erection wall 28 store the diffusion element 35 whole, as the socket which stores diffusion element 35 is constituted and it is shown in Drawing 3 in this socket, and as expanded and shown in Drawing 7. The most suitable thing of a diffusion element is a ceramic board of a circular outline, as shown in the 3rd and 4 figure, it provides the edge with the stage in this board, and it is with circular flat center field 70, Annular inclined end edge 71, annular flat face 72, outside annular slope 73, and level annular side 74 are established, The outside diameter of these portions shall be 11.43 cm (4.5 inches), 16.51 cm (6.5 inches), 19.30 cm (7.6 inches), 22.10 cm (8.7 inches), and 23.50 cm (9.25 inches), respectively. The angle of inclination to the level surface of outside annular slope 73 shall be 25 degrees. The top edge of level annular side 74 and perpendicular side 75 and the height of annular flat face 72 shall be 1.27 cm (0.5 inch), 1.78 cm (0.7 inch), and 2.54 cm (1.0 inch), respectively. A board is formed by the mixed particles which consist of alumina whose average transverse direction size and average lengthwise direction size are 0.51 mm (0.020 inch) and 0.81 mm (0.032 inch), respectively, and a ceramic binding material which accounts for the rate of 20 when weight of an alumina particle is set to 100. This mixture can be hardened by the press which has rum with a flat face, and the cylindrical dice cavity which has a bottom wall of the shape corresponding to the upper surface of diffusion element 35. The side of a dice cavity and rum shall be made to correspond to the diameter of peripheral edge edge 76 of diffusion element 35, and the height from the bottom of a dice cavity to a upper end edge shall be 3.81 cm (1.5 inches). This mixture is poured in so that it may become a heap to a cavity, and it cuts off to the level of the crestal plane of a dice, and, subsequently is about 63.28kg/cm.²It compresses into a predetermined size by the pressure of (900Psi). After taking out this thing packed and hardened from a press, in a furnace, it burns at sufficient temperature to dissolve a binding material, and, subsequently cools gradually. As a result, it is 6.75x10.⁵±8.1x14⁴cm³The uniform porous ceramic diffusion element which shows the permeability of /min (25SCFM±3SCFM) is made. It does not change [ Is it nothing that it is an above-mentioned suitable type? ], but supports a diffusion element for a support means in a plenum. The periphery of a diffusion element is adjoined, a blockade means is established, and air is prevented from leaking through the periphery of an element. In the suitable example shown in 3rd, 4, and 7 figure, Shiah A durometer hardness arranges to the annular stepped part which formed poly isoprene O ring 80 of about 40±3 in the surroundings of the upper portion of the peripheral surface of diffusion element 35. The diameter of the section of O ring 80 is slightly enlarged rather than the both sides of the interval between perpendicular or almost perpendicular sides 75 of element 35 which counters plenum side wall means 26, and inside 29 and this inside of erection wall 28, and the height of perpendicular or almost perpendicular side 75. Suitable holding mechanism of the present invention shown in 3rd, 4, and 7 figure is used as clamp ring 84 with an internal screw, cylinder part 85 which has internal screw 86 is provided in this ring 84, and this internal screw 86 is adjusted on external screw 31 of plenum erection wall 28. [ above screw 86 ], attach flange 88 to cylinder part 85, and this flange is made to project to the inner direction of a plenum erection wall, and it covers over at least one copy of the crestal plane of a blockade means, i.e., O ring 80. Although the quadrant field of the inner side upper part of the section of O ring 80 is not covered by this flange 88 according to the suitable example (shown in Drawing 7 in detail), Clamp O ring by sufficient power, the topmost part of side 75 which approaches at least edge 89 between side 75 and upward slope 73 which adjoins this is made to carry out close negotiations, and it prevents that this produces an opening on the side of a diffusion element. If this opening is produced, a free passage will be produced in upper water and this opening itself will flow out gas. In the 8~14th figure, other various examples of the combination of a plenum, a diffusion element, a blockade means, and holding mechanism are shown. Plenum side wall means 26, level annular shelf 27, and almost perpendicular erection wall means 28 are established, the height of this erection wall means is made almost equal to the height of a diffusion element, and it is made to counter in each of these examples, the peripheral surface, i.e., the side, of a diffusion element (numerals 35 and 35A~35G show). For example, in the example of Drawing 8, provide bolt hole 91 estranged mutually in periphery flange 90 and the direction of a periphery, these bolt holes are made to penetrate bolt 93 in erection wall 28, and two or more clips 92 mutually estranged in the direction of a periphery are bound tight on the upper surface of flange 90 and diffusion element 35A. It is made to act as a blockade means, the band or cyclic member, i.e., hoop 95, made from an elastomer. The inside diameter in the state where a hoop or a band does not develop is made into about 85% of the outside diameters of diffusion element 35A, and it is considered as slightly larger width than the perpendicular thickness of a diffusion element. At the time of Noodle, the width of a band is extended in the state where it arranges and elongated around diffusion element 35A, upper end edge 97 for inner, lower end edge 98 for inner, and cylindrical central part 96 are produced in it, and upper end edge 99 of an element and lower end edge 100 are surrounded in it. Lower end edge 98 for inner press-fitted to level annular shelf 27 blocks a plenum inside from the perpendicular space between erection wall 28 and element 35A. It prevents air passing in the direction of a periphery of diffusion element 35A by central part 96 of the band made from an elastomer, and infiltrating into the opening between an element and erection wall 28. It is an example which holding mechanism multiplies this only by an element, does not negotiate with a blockade means, and does not produce cotton intermediary contact in the whole periphery of an element. In the example of Drawing 9, the 2nd level shelf 105 is provided in erection wall 28, and method projection horizontal flanges 106 of outside are provided in the upper end edge of an erection wall. O ring blockade means 80 which has arranged impermeable covering 107 to cotton intermediary Provision and also shelf 105 at the height of the peripheral surface of an element, i.e., the side, is made to press-fit the side of this covering 107 to the peripheral edge edge of diffusion element 35B. It is closed between diffusion element 35B and erection wall 28, and carries out [ The ] of this blockade means 80. O ring 80 is held to a prescribed position, namely, movement to the upper part is prevented by cylindrical retaining ring 108, two or more inner direction projected parts 110 estranged mutually are provided in the direction of a periphery in inside 109 of this ring 108, and these projected parts are stuck by pressure in the projection part restricted to the upper surface of element 35B for every large interval. Annular flange 111 further projected to the method of outside at one is provided in retaining ring 108, and this flange 111 is mostly coincided with method projection flange 106 of outside connected with erection wall 28, and it arranges to this flange 106. These two flanges are mutually held by split ring clamp 116 of an about C character-like section, lip part 112,113 which has a curve inside in this clamp is provided, and it is made to multiply by annular brake 114,115 which formed the inside of these lip parts in the upper surface and the undersurface of a flange, respectively. While a ring clamp holds flange 111 and flange 106 firmly by a snap action by the radial dividing part (not shown) of the perpendicular flexibility of lip part 112,113, and split ring clamp 116, Although diffusion element 35B is attached to a prescribed position by projected part 110 and the undersurface of ring 108 does not clamp O ring 80, the upward movement of O ring 80 is prevented. In the example of Drawing 10, the example of Drawing 9 and other same examples are shown in many respects. Impermeable covering 107 is provided in the side of diffusion element 35C, and erection wall 28 is made to counter. The 2nd level annular shelf 105 is provided in erection wall 28 like the example of Drawing 9, O ring 80 is arranged to this shelf, this O ring is held to a prescribed position by retaining ring 108, and inside 109 and projected part 110 are provided in this retaining ring 108. However, claw part 120 is really which was formed over all the circumferences of external surface 121 of erection wall 28 instead of above-mentioned flange 106 provided, and it is in retaining ring 108, In order to negotiate with nail 120, Hook 122 which estranges mutually in the direction of a periphery, is downward, ranks second to the method of outside, and it projects to an inner direction is provided, this holds ring 108 to a prescribed position, and the upward movement of O ring 80 is prevented, and diffusion element 35C is certainly held by projected part 110. In Drawing 11, inner direction erection lip part 27A is provided in level annular shelf 27, blockade means 125 of a rectangular section is mostly held to a prescribed position by this lip part 27A, and the periphery of the undersurface of diffusion element 35D is arranged on this blockade means 125. Side 127 of element 35D is made opposite to erection wall 28 on both sides of narrow opening 131. However, an impermeable layer blocks side 27 from opening 131, upper annular part 126 and opening 131 of blockade means 125 are adjoined, and edge part 128 of the side of an element is established in this layer. By multiplying clamp ring 129 with an internal screw by the screw thread of the external surface of erection wall 28, element 35D is forced on blockade means 125, and is firmly held to a prescribed position. The example which arranges a blockade means into the edge portion between the side of an element and an upward annular slope like Drawing 7 in Drawing 12 is shown. As shown in Drawing 12, diffusion element 35E is directly arranged to level annular shelf 27, and impermeable periphery covering 128 is provided, and the side of an element is blocked from opening 131 which arises between an element and erection wall 28 by this covering. In this example, blockade means 133 is made into a mixed type section, and let an upper portion be a semi-circle outline, and let the lower part be a rectangle outline. The semi-circle part of blockade means 133 is multiplied by the undersurface of the correspondence shape of annular flange 134 of clamp ring 135 with an internal screw, and it is made to multiply by screw thread 136 which formed this clamp ring 135 in the external surface of erection wall 28. Blockade means 133 is pressed in the method of outside, and a lower part with suspension short lip 137 of the lowest edge of flange 134, and especially the upper surface makes flat external surface 139 and flat bottom 138 of a blockade means press-fit to the inside of erection wall 28, upper surface 140 of a diffusion element, and edge 141 that crosses side 142 of an element. In the 7th and 12 figure, the height of the blockade means was low by quantity Sayori of a diffusion element, and the example arranged to the edge which the side of a diffusion element and the upper surface which emits gas cross was shown. In these two sorts of examples, it adjoined under this edge, respectively, and the example which has been arranged, and adjoined above this edge and it has arranged was shown. However, a blockade means to cover a part of element with the upper and lower sides of this edge can also be established. The fault which arises by an above-mentioned opening is removable with the suitable shape of these versatility. That is, by an opening, water passes freely, reduces the surface tension of the portion which adjoins the opening of an element, and, as a result, produces disorder in the homogeneity of distribution of the air by an element. It is advantageous especially when using the blockade means in such the edge in combination with the side band 95 of a means, for example, Drawing 8, to decrease the permeability of the side of an element and impermeable covering 107 and 128 of the 9~12th figure, or with the stage of Drawing 7. When using shape with the stage, the material of the diffusion element of the portion adjoining, the lower part and peripheral surface, i.e., side 76, of level annular side 74, fully receives compression so that permeability may decrease compared with upper part-oriented fields 72 and 73 which emit gas. Peripheral surface 76 can be made into that in which permeability only decreased compared with the upper part-oriented gas discharge side, or can be made into an almost impermeable thing. The character to have little permeability compared with an upper part inclination gas discharge side (an almost impermeable thing is also included) is advantageous when combining with a blockade means to arrange to the above-mentioned edge. The fault by the short circuit circuit through which air passes from a Along plenum to the discharge side of an element with this combination at the fault by an above-mentioned opening and a different air channel of length is removable. Therefore, the combination of the side on which permeability decreased, and the blockade means in the above-mentioned edge is a suitable example of the present invention. In Drawing 13, an above-mentioned example and the same example are shown and diffusion element 35F is directly arranged on level annular shelf 27. In this example, annular hollow 143 is established in the upper end edge of side 144 of element 35F. It becomes depressed in side 144 row, and covers lower part 145 and upper portion 146 of 143 by a non-adhesiveness cover or impermeable covering 147. It becomes depressed and O ring blockade means 80 is arranged in 144, and while closing and The carrying out to the inside of impermeable covering 147 and erection wall 28, it is made to multiply by the curving surface between upper portion 145 of a hollow, and the lower part. O ring blockade means 80 is closely clamped to a prescribed position with blockade ring 149 with an internal screw about which it negotiates with screw thread 150 of erection wall 28, therefore diffusion element 35F is held to a prescribed position. In the example of Drawing 14, step 151 is provided in the side of diffusion element 35G, annular side 152 almost level to this step and perpendicular cylinder side 153 are established, and both fields are covered by a non-adhesiveness cover or impermeable covering 154. It is not necessary to make the remaining portion of the side of element 35G into lower part cylinder side 155, and this cylinder side does not necessarily need to provide impermeable covering. In this case, O ring blockade means 80 is forced and compressed into the inside of four sides, i.e., field 152,155 of a diffusion element, level annular shelf 27, and erection wall 28. It stops on O ring 80, therefore does not support step 151 directly by a diffusion element support means. A diffusion element is clamped to a prescribed position with clamp ring 156 with an internal screw about which it negotiates with screw thread 157 of erection wall 28. Side 153 of a diffusion element and inside 159 of the almost same diameter are provided in annular flange 158 of clamp rig 156. Turn to the upper surface of element 35G projected part 160 which made estrange in the direction of a periphery of this inside 159 mutually, and was provided in it, it is made to project slightly, and element 35G is held to a prescribed position. Thus, diffusion element 35G is clamped only in the position mutually estranged in the periphery. As shown in Drawing 15, side wall means 26 is directly adhered to surface 16 of terminal pipe 11, and the low wall of plenum 14 can be formed by surface 16. In the example shown in 16th, 17, and 18 figure, perpendicular side wall 181 is provided in diffuser 175. As shown in Drawing 18, it attaches [ direct ] with surface 16 of terminal pipe 11, and forms the low wall of plenum 182 for a perpendicular side wall by surface 16. Although the wall section was shown as rectangle shape, it can also be made curvilinear shape including circular, an elliptical form, or an infinite form. In Drawing 19, the suitable device for obtaining the hydraulic pressure and/or network back pressure in arbitrary points under various operation conditions is shown. The standard of the comparison on other conditions can be set up with this device. The vertical section which passes the plenum of a terminal pipe, a regulator, and relation and a diffusion element in this drawing is shown, and the position of pressure A tap, a bubble tube, and an auxiliary device required to obtain the pressure of this The is shown. Pressure A tap and a series of line supply pressure force gauges, or other suitable pressure measurement positions are used for performing various necessary pressure reading. Source A of air supply can be made into A tap to a separate compressor or aeration apparatus, supplies air at a late speed through bubble tube B by this source of air supply, and arranges the lower part open end part of this bubble tube on the same level as the discharge side of a diffusion element. The pressure detected by line 1 shows the hydrostatic pressure head of water added to a diffusion element. This pressure is read in the pressure gauge connected between line 1 and the atmosphere. Hydraulic pressure is read in the pressure gauge linked to line 1 and line 2. Pressure/flow characteristic uses it, the flow control device, i.e., the regulator, which have a known gas orifice or gas opening, If atmospheric pressure and other information required to perform required calculation are acquired, the flow which passes an element is calculable based on reading Ivy pressure from the pressure gauge which uses lines 2 and 3. A temperature measurement means, for example, a thermometer, or a converter is formed in the position with the arbitrary sufficient convenience which has not been immersed or immersed of the inside and outside of a gas distribution network, The temperature information showing this temperature is acquired and it enables it to calculate a flow in required accuracy enough in relation to the temperature of the gas which passes an above-mentioned regulator. The regulator used for reading the pressure of a diffusion element suitably is adjoined, and it arranges (an upper region is included immediately), or this regulator is made to approach as much as possible, and it arranges. The device which measures cellular release pressure is shown in the 20th, and 20A and 20B. In Drawing 20, the vertical section of an element is shown above a drawing under the top view of a diffusion element, and the drawing. The periphery field 229 (the refer toB [ 20 ] figure) of annular, perpendicular cylindrical edge 230 and level annular side 231, perpendicular side 232, gas stream ON side 234, and gas discharge side 233 are established in this element. However, gas discharge side 233 can also be used also as a gas stream ON side, and field 234 turns into a gas discharge side in this case. In Drawing 20, the test method of the cellular release pressure of this board is shown further. the device which does such an examination -- the [ the lower part of Drawing 20, and ] -- it is shown inA [ 20 ] figure. In the example of this test equipment, tank 240 (refer to the 20th figure) which has bottom wall 241 and side wall 242,243 is formed. Bottom wall 241 is made to stop support member 244,255, gas discharge side 233 of a diffusion element is turned upward in the lower part of water surface level 246, and a diffusion element is supported to these support members. Compressor C is connected to the 1st hose 254 through lead pipe 251, unloader pilot valve 252, and flow instrument 253. This 1st hose is connected to the 1st horizontal leg 256 of T-tube 255. The 2nd horizontal leg 257 and vertical leg 258 are further provided in this T-tube. Blockade ring 259 is provided in the circumference of the open bottom edge of perpendicular leg 258. The 2nd horizontal leg 257 is connected to pressure gauge 264 with the 2nd hose 263, and scale 265 is formed in this pressure gauge. The pressure in a device can be measured by comparing surface levels 266 and 267 with scale 265. an assembly of this test equipment -- all the connection between members forming -- gas -- it carries out carefully so that it may become dense. the -- vertical leg 258 and blockade ring 259 of T-tube 255 constitute an examination probe, i.e., A probe, so that it may explain inA [ 20 ] figure in detail. This A probe is formed from the standard glass T-tubes for laboratories, and sufficient inside diameter which can take a necessary gas stream easily, in and out of standard blockade ring made of rubber, i.e., stopper, of illustration, is given. This stopper's bottom shall constitute the end of A probe and outside diameter 259A and inside diameter 259B of this end shall be 9.525 mm (3/8 inch) and 4.7625 mm (3/16 inch), respectively. The range which should be examined is limited when pushing a probe against gas discharge side 233 of a diffusion element by hand. The gas seal chain to surface 233 is formed by the undersurface of a blockade ring, i.e., stopper 259, and the air which passes the element portion which adjoins under this stopper 259 is made to emit to the fluid in an examination field as air bubbles 260. Since stopper 259 does not have adhesiveness to surface 233, he can move a probe to other examination positions easily from a certain examination position, and he can perform a series of pressure reading which can calculate cellular release pressure. Reference line 271,272 which intersects perpendicularly mutually is drawn on gas discharge side 233 of a diffusion element (refer to the 20th figure). carrying out Along arrangement of the reference mark 273 which carried out regular-intervals estrangement at reference line 271,272 -- these marks -- the -- the probe position for positioning the open end part of the above-mentioned probe shown inA [ 20 ] figure is shown, and this positioning is performed so that a blockade positive as mentioned above may be produced. It adjusts so that a comparatively low flow may be produced to the comparatively high pressure from compressor C, for example, regulating valve 252 is 54 cm.³/min (2x10)^-3C. It adjusts so that it may be set to F.M. The pressure of a device is read in the scale of pressure gauge 265 when generating air bubbles 260 through the portion which adjoins the probe of a gas discharge side. The cellular release pressure in an examining point can be obtained from a pressure gauge by subtracting head of water H of the hydrostatic pressure between gas discharge side 233 and water surface level 246 from reading Ivy pressure. The cellular release pressure of this surface can be determined by taking the measured value of cellular release pressure in the position in gas discharge side 233 which many set up equally and at random fairly. However, it is I or intermediary To have that it is appropriate for two reference lines lines and illustration cross at right angles mutually in practice to set up a Along pressure test position, and it is convenient. In the diffusion element manufactured carefully, the approximate value of the suitable accuracy of uniform distribution of the air style covering a gas discharge side can be obtained by doing a Along examination on such two reference lines. In the intermediate part of Drawing 2, the graph which has level axis of coordinates 274 which attached scale 274A corresponding to the position of reference mark 273 on reference line 271 is shown. The correspondence scale of a pressure value is formed in perpendicular axis of coordinates 275 of this graph, a reading Ivy pressure value is Blot(ed) on coordinates in reference mark 273 of reference line 271, and cellular release pressure curve 276 is drawn. In tank 240 whose interval between side wall 242,243 and the side of a diffusion element is sufficiently large, cellular release pressure can be read in perpendicular cylinder edge 230, level annular side 231, and perpendicular side 232 like the point on gas discharge side 233 close to perpendicular side 232. Reference dotted lines 280A, 280B (perpendicular cylinder edge 230), 281A, 281B (level annular side 231), 282A, and 282B (perpendicular side 232), and 283A and 283B (edge of gas discharge side 233) show the correspondence position of the pressure plotted in the examination position and graph on a diffusion element. an above-mentioned test plot position -- the --B [ 20 ] figure shows in detail. Cellular release pressure shows pressure required to overcome surface tension, when air bubbles are emitted from the hole of a board. It is I or intermediary To have that the conditions of this pressure can be made fairly larger than the pressure loss by friction at the time of pushing out gas from the air inflow side of a board to a gas discharge side. When forming a board with the hydrophilic material which is easily damp in water compared with hydrophobic material, especially this can say. They are Heat or To when the graph of Drawing 20 shows the minimum cellular release pressure (B. R.P.) in the center region of a diffusion element. As it becomes gradually high [ cellular release pressure ] along with the other side and reference lines 238A and 238B show to the field around an element, it is the other side to maximums 285A and 285B. This maximum is based on the examination in gas discharge side 233 which adjoins perpendicular side 232. The cellular release pressure test in side 232 shown with reference lines 282A and 282B shows that cellular release pressure reaches the 2nd minimum 286A and 286B in this field. The cellular release pressure measurement in level annular side 231 shown with reference lines 281A and 281B shows reaching the 2nd maximum 287A and 287B in this field. Measurement by perpendicular cylinder edge 230 finally shown with reference lines 280A and 280B shows that the cellular release pressure of this field is a little low compared with the 2nd maximum 287A and 287B. The low cellular release pressure field in perpendicular side 232 shown at the 2nd minimum 286A and 286B of cellular release pressure curve 276 existing is not expecting, and it is Oh. The cellular release curve (not shown) which meets reference line 272 with the data which carried out Along extraction can also be drawn on reference line 272. Since the quantity of the gas which passes through a certain field of a diffusion element is the inverse function of the cellular release pressure of this field, flow curve 277 shall be drawn and this curve 277 shall show the flow curve of the board in alignment with reference line 271. The actual flow data about the central part of an element is obtained by carrying out the specific time operation of the element using the interlocked grain peak cylinder arranged to the examination field. In the edge of an element, a flow is computed based on cellular release pressure. Thus, by analyzing the obtained flow curve shows giving an indication about the homogeneity of the gas stream distribution covering an element. As shown in gas mass flow curve 277, the peak value of a flow arises in the central field of a diffusion element, approaches the outer edge edge of gas discharge side 233, and descends to the 1st minimum 290A and 290B (it corresponds to cellular release pressure maximums 285A and 285B). Corresponding to [ reverse ] the 2nd minimum 286A and 286B and the 2nd maximum 287A and 287B of cellular release pressure, peak values 291A and 291B and the 2nd minimum 292A and 292B of a flow are produced, respectively. Thus, the flow curve of a diffusion element still clearer than what is performed in the industrial world by the examination art shown in Drawing 20, and sufficiently exact can be expressed. There are many flows per unit area in the central field of such a diffusion element, and it turns out that it is used for an outflow also in other fields. It will produce very big air bubbles that a superfluous gas stream passes to one piece or the field beyond it of an element, and it has a bad influence on the oxygen transmission efficiency of an element. In the 21~31st figure, various shape of the diffusion element of shape of removing an above-mentioned fault is shown. It is rigid, these elements are used as the porous diffusion element of a monolayer, and a capacity compression ratio is extremely enlarged in the central part and/or the circumference part of a penetration. An element is formed by solid particles and plastic surgery, compression, and associative strength are given by joining together or sintering in porous compression shape. As shown in a sectional view, in the pressure of 5.08 cm (2 inches), it is about 1.62x10 with a column of water to an element.⁵~5.4x10⁶cm³The level portion which has the specific transmissivity of the range of /min (6~200SCFM) is provided. The maximum Daisui common size of this level portion is made for a ratio with the thickness of this portion to be set to about 4:1. An upper part gas discharge side is established in this portion, this gas discharge side is leveled mostly, and it is made for underwater cellular release pressure to become the range of about 5.08~50.8 cm (2~20 inches) with a column of water. A center and a border area are arranged down the upper part gas discharge side. In the outside area between the central field of the lower part of for example, a gas discharge side, and a border area, pressure is applied to solid particles with a considerable big capacity compression ratio as compared with the material in the contiguity portion of an element in one side of these fields, or both sides. A periphery field is established in a diffusion element and penetrable or big density lower than the portion surrounded by the above-mentioned border area in this field or the portion of a gas discharge side or low height is given. Before the capacity compression ratio with a central field remarkable in an above-mentioned element presses, it is raised by distributing above-mentioned particles during a press. That is, the amount of particles per [ in a central field ] unit area is made larger than the amount of particles per [ in an outside area ] unit area. Distribution of the particles before a press and under press is performed by increasing the amount of particles per unit volume in a central field. Increasing the amount of particles per unit area has a cavity, and it is obtained by pressing in the dice which filled up the central part of this cavity, and its enclosure part with particles [ Fukashi ] at eye Shallow, respectively. In these elements that have a central field and an outside area, it performs obtaining a remarkable capacity compression ratio by making a thickness reduction ratio during a press comparatively large and comparatively small in a central field and an outside area, respectively. This can be performed even when higher than the height of the particle portion corresponding to [ to differ if the height of the particle portion to a central field will probably be same while performing a press before pressing or ] an outside area for example. The rate of eye small To [ To go and ] performs thickness reduction at an oversized rate, It has rum and a dice cavity, and it is obtained when a countering compression side presses in the press die which has respectively small clearance and big clearance between a central field and a lateral part, This small clearance can provide an upheaval part in the compression side of a dice cavity, or can form it by other means. The big capacity compression ratio in the border area of the element which has a border area can be performed by various methods, and a respectively comparatively large thickness pace of decrease and a comparatively small thickness pace of decrease are added during a press, other portions, for example, above-mentioned outside area, of the element surrounded by a border area and this border area. In this case, the press which provided the rum and dice cavity which have a compression side which is opposite by comparatively small clearance and comparatively large clearance to a border area and other above-mentioned portions too is used. Small clearance and large clearance can be produced by the upheaval part or other means which were provided in the compression side of a dice cavity, or the compression side of rum. An above-mentioned element can be formed in various shape including what established the hollow in the upper surface or the undersurface of the central field estranged to the inner direction from the periphery of the thing which has a flat face, for example, and an element. That is, a central hollow can be established in an element, namely, a hollow can be established in a gas stream ON side, a gas discharge side, or its both sides. However, such a hollow may be provided over the same range as a central field, and it is not necessary to provide it. The depth and the field of a hollow change according to necessity when improving the homogeneity of the gas distribution covering the transverse direction of the level gas discharge side of an element, and the depth is a part of hollow, or it can also change it over the whole. The field which has not become depressed in the outline of a hollow can also be provided one piece or more. An above-mentioned big capacity compression ratio can be obtained by attaching the inclination of way facing down to the gas discharge side of the element above a border area outside the angle of the range of abbreviation 10 *~80 * to the level surface. Covering the gas discharge side of an element, the above-mentioned feature has an almost uniform gas emission characteristic, and it assists it for a coefficient of variation obtaining the diffusion element which becomes about 0.25 or less, This coefficient of variation is calculated at each of the reference line which passes through the center of a gas discharge side and intersects perpendicularly mutually based on the measured value of the cellular release pressure in at least about five positions which carried out regular-intervals estrangement to Along each other. An above-mentioned element can be manufactured by a method with arbitrary sufficient convenience. However, various manufacturing methods are shown in the 21~29th figure. These methods are the examples of change of the method mentioned above. These examples of change as well as an above-mentioned method use dice 301 which has cylindrical cavity 302 demarcated by the compression side, i.e., bottom wall 303, and side wall 304,305. It is filled up with the mixture (even if it mixes the binding material which can compress and produces associative strength, it is not necessary to carry out) which has separated mutually the particles of this dice solid organicity or inorganic matter. For example, the granular particles of inorganic matters, such as a bead-like particle [ of synthetic resins such as polyethylene or polystyrene, ] or granular particle, and glass bead, metal, alumina, mullite, and silica, can be used. A mixture can also be made to contain an organic and inorganic binding material. This mixture is blended so that an organic adhesion combination and glass combination may be produced by compression, sintering, and/or combination and it may produce associative strength, for example by ceramic combination. It being common on known art is filling up the 306 or more upper surfaces of dice 301 with particle object 310 of the solid material separated mutually. Next, a superfluous portion is shaved off by Screed. Next, turn to particle material the rum which has compression side 318, and it is made to move, and is made to multiply by particle material. By moving rum 317, particle object 310 in cavity 302 is compressed, and it changes into various shape pushed and hardened. Rum 317 is extracted and a compression object is taken out from cavity 302. A compression object is burned based on the used mixture, and a completion element is obtained. According to the 1st example of the deformation method shown in the 21~23rd figure, dice cavity 302 is opened starting with removing plastic surgery ring 400. Particle material is poured enough into cavity 302, and is filled, and a peak top Ivy portion is level accustomed to the 306 or more dice upper surfaces. Arranging plastic surgery ring 400 on this surface, this ring 400 has flat upper surface 401, flat undersurface 402, and perpendicular peripheral surface 403 that makes an outer edge edge. Inner side cone side 404 is further established in this ring, and the truncated cone center room which the top part and a bottom opened wide according to this cone side 404 is demarcated. Since particle material is accustomed to the level on upper surface 306 of a dice, this central room is in an empty state. The central room inside this inner side cone side 404 is filled up with superfluous particle material 405, and then it deletes by Screed 312, and accustoms to field 406 of the level of upper surface 401 of To fix plastic surgery ring 400. A plastic surgery ring is removed carefully and particle object 407 which has upheaval central part 408 which becomes cavity 302 from flat crestal plane 409 and cone side 410 remains. However, this central part 408 can be made into various shape. The above-mentioned art of preparing particle object 407 and this particle object is one example which makes the amount of particles per unit level area of a central field larger than the amount of particles per [ in an outside envelopment field ] unit area. In this case, a lot of particles per unit level area have been obtained by being filled up in a dice portion more deeply than an envelopment portion. However, a lot of particles per unit area are obtained also by making density of particles high and filling up the central part of a dice with it. For example, a dice cavity is filled up, it accustoms to the level of the crestal plane of a cavity, subsequently to the central field of a dice vibration or pressure is applied locally, and particle density is made high. The material of this field sinks rather than the material of an envelopment portion by this. Particle material is filled up before pressing in the hollow which produced as a result. This method is one example which distributes many amounts of particles per unit volume of a central field during a press rather than the amount of particles per unit volume of an outside envelopment field, before pressing. It compresses to be shown in Drawing 23 below regardless of either of whether the height high to a central field and/or the high density of a dice are filled up. The element whose capacity compression ratio in central field 413 (field divided by reference lines 413A and 413B) is higher than the capacity compression ratio in outside area 414 as a result is obtained, In this case, an outside area turns into an annular field divided by the inner side edge and peripheries 414A and 414B of an element which are shown by reference lines 413A and 413B. Other suitable examples which raise a capacity compression ratio in the 24~29th figure are shown. In these drawings, the respectively comparatively big art of reaching and making a comparatively small thickness pace of decrease produce is shown especially during a press in an above-mentioned central field and outside area. One suitable example is shown in the 24th and 25 figure, and a comparatively big thickness pace of decrease and a comparatively small thickness pace of decrease are obtained by arranging circular insertion 421 which makes an upheaval part to compression side 303 of dice cavity 302 in this case. Cylindrical lower part projection part 422 is provided in this insertion 421, and this projection part is adjusted to correspondence socket 420 of dice low wall 303. The upper part of insertion 421 is taken as the plastic surgery member which has flat crestal plane 424 surrounded by cone side 425. When it compresses to fill up dice cavity 302 of Drawing 24, to accustom a content to the level of upper surface 306, and to be shown in Drawing 24 below, it is in compression object 426 of this result, Almost level air discharge side 431 which has central hollow 432 which consists of planate air inflow side 430, flat part 433, and inclined end edge 434 is produced. This method is an example which raises the capacity compression ratio of the central field of a diffusion element by making a central field and an outside area produce a comparatively small respectively comparatively large and thickness reduction during a press. In this case, it has obtained by carrying out by the press which consists of the rum and dice cavity which have a comparatively big countering compression side a comparatively small thickness pace of decrease has respectively small clearance and large clearance to the central part and an enclosure part by reaching to counter. In this case, small clearance has been obtained by the upheaval part of insertion 421 provided in the dice cavity. However, this method can also be enforced by the dice cavity which has a flat bottom wall, and the upheaval part provided in the compression side of rum. Various change can be added to the manufacturing method shown in the 24th and 25 figure. The shape of hollow 432, the depth, and area can be freely changed so that the homogeneity of a necessary level may be acquired to air distribution of gas discharge side 431 of an element. Shape of a hollow can be made into the arbitrary necessary outlines which give uniform distribution of an air style. However, the outline of a hollow is suitably made similar to the outline of an element. The shape seen in the section in the outline of a hollow can be changed. The combination of the surface which is linear on the whole or curved or the linear surface, and the curved surface can constitute the bottom of a hollow. The center of a hollow can be made into the shape which made it flat like illustration or curved slightly over the whole, or convenience can make it good desirable shape achieving the object of the shape of a very flat cone, and the other present invention. Although the hollow which has a flat part and an inclined end edge like illustration is easy and it is suitable, it does not limit to this. It is not necessary to necessarily make the field of a central hollow into the same range as the portion which makes the central field of an element as mentioned above. The termination of the hollow can be carried out within the limits which demarcates a central field, or out of the range. However, it is preferred to appoint a hollow field to the same extent as the range which demarcates a central field. The area and the average depth of a hollow can be chosen as the combination of sufficient thing to improve the homogeneity of the gas distribution covering the transverse direction of the gas discharge side of an element. For example, they are a gas discharge side gross area of an element, or about 10~80% of the gross areas of an element about the area of a hollow, While making it to about 45~65% much more suitably, the average depth of a hollow can be suitably made 5~10% much more suitably 4~15% about 25~70% about 2~20% of the average thickness of the level portion of an element. Latter one is preferred, although the depth of an element can be changed within an outline, namely, it can also be made to be able to change gradually and can also be made to change gradually. Some portion which does not produce a hollow can also be provided in the outline of a hollow. This example is shown in Drawing 26. The element which can be formed by the example of change of the art shown in Drawing 25 in Drawing 26 is shown. In this case, annular insertion 440 is used instead of insertion 421, annular rib 441 is provided in the undersurface of this annular insertion, and this rib is multiplied by circular sulcus 442 of the correspondence shape which formed in bottom wall 303 of dice cavity 302, and was. Flat crestal plane 443 provided with inclination outer edge edge 444 and inclination toe edge 445 is provided in annular insertion 440. When using such a dice cavity, as shown above Drawing 26, for an element, annular hollow 449 which has inclined end edge 440,441, and central part 452 where a hollow is not attached are made. Thus, the circular center field divided into a circular element by boundary lines 413A and 413B is formed, this central field is surrounded by an outside area, and this outside area reaches peripheral surfaces 414A and 414B of an element from boundary lines 413A and 413B. The outside area of an element has some which are not necessarily attained to a peripheral edge edge like the example shown in Drawing 27. In the case of this example, circular insertion 421 is provided in bottom wall 303 of cylindrical dice cavity 302. A step is formed in the periphery of the portion which adjoins side wall 304,305 of bottom wall 303, and perpendicular cylinder side 324 and level annular side 325 are established in this step. An element as shown in the upper portion of Drawing 27 with such a dice is made. For this element, gas discharge side 431 which has hollow 432 where inclined end edge 434 was attached within the limits of boundary lines 413A and 413B of a central field is made. Perpendicular cylinder edge 230, level surface 231, and perpendicular side 232 are produced in the edge part of an element according to perpendicular cylinder side 324 and level annular side 325 of a dice, and the step of the edge of an element is demarcated. The periphery field of annular in which there is little permeability compared with the permeability, the density, and the average height of an inner direction adjoining part of an element, it is high-density, and average height is low is demarcated by the volume part of the element divided by planate air inflow side 430, perpendicular cylinder edge 230, level annular side 231, and reference lines 460A and 460B. In this element, an outside area is a portion into which an inner side is divided into by reference lines 413A and 413B, and the outside is divided by reference lines 460A and 460B. How to improve the homogeneity of air distribution of a porous gas diffusion element as shown in Drawing 20 in Drawing 27 is shown. Height is low, and it is high-density, and forming few penetrable periphery fields not only affects the characteristic of the flow of the periphery field itself, but it produces the tendency of an element which also affects the characteristic of the portion of an inner direction comparatively and a flow concentrates on a central field. an above-mentioned tendency is negated by enlarging the capacity compression ratio of a central field -- equivalent -- it is-izing and eliminated. In Drawing 28, it is shown how the periphery field of a diffusion element is adjoined and a border area is provided. As, as for perpendicular side 232 of an element, cellular release pressure shows the 2nd minimum 286A and 286B that explanation of an element and the examination of the element of Drawing 20 without the hollow in Drawing 20 show, it corresponds to this and dotted lines 282A and 282B show, flow curve 277 shows peak values 291A and 291B. The tendency for a flow to become a peak in this field of an element is considered not to be desirable based on many factors. There is composition of the holder adopted as attachment of the element to dispersion equipment as this factor and a blockade means. When attaching an element so that air bubbles may be freely emitted to the medium which should be carried out aeration from perpendicular side 232, there is a tendency which produces such big air bubbles and flow that it is not desirable in this side. When emitting air bubbles to the opening (therefore, there is no surface tension) which water passes freely by surface 232, much quantity will shift to this surface unfairly among total air contents. Can negate this tendency by combining various art, and can make it equivalent, for example, an impermeable layer is made to hold or adhere to surface 232 in a prescribed position, and it covers, This tendency can be coped with by use of the blockade means designed appropriately and a diffusion element holder, modification as shown in Drawing 28, the combination of these methods, or other necessary means. The inner direction of a periphery field is adjoined in Drawing 28, a border area is provided, and the example of the diffusion element which makes the capacity compression ratio of this border area larger than the capacity compression ratio of an above-mentioned outside area, and compresses solid particles is shown. This is obtained by changing dice cavity 302, and forms annular band 461 in the inside of the bottom of the step formed of perpendicular cylinder side 324 and level annular side 325. this annular band -- about [ level surface or field / of an above-mentioned outside area / (when field in particular of this outside area is not level) ] -- the angle of the range of 10 *~70* is made. About other points, the dice of Drawing 28 is the same as that of the thing of Drawing 27. Therefore, the thing for which the compression face-to-face clearance corresponding to the portions of the border area of a diffusion element and an above-mentioned outside area press-forms the example of Drawing 28 by the press which consists of the rum and dice cavity which have a comparatively small and, comparatively large compression side which is mutually opposite It is an example which obtains a comparatively large thickness pace of decrease and a comparatively small thickness pace of decrease. In this case, small clearance has been obtained by the upheaval part which arises with annular band 461 in the compression side of a dice cavity. When press-forming an element in the dice of Drawing 28, for the forming element shown above Drawing 28, inclined end edge 462 which makes angle alpha to the level surface is generated. To the board of the form shown in Drawing 28, the angle of 25* is the optimal. The advantage of providing inclined end edge 462 was not able to be expected when the idea of raising the capacity compression ratio of the central part was produced. However, it is Noodle so that some hypothesis may stand from experience obtained from the idea which forms a central hollow, and the work by above-mentioned cellular release pressure measurement art to the effect of inclined end edge 462. It does not expect that a low air-bubbles release pressure field exists in perpendicular side 232 as the 2nd minimum 286A and 286B of cellular release pressure curve 276 of Drawing 20 shows as above-mentioned. However, it seems that explanation attaches this phenomenon retroactively by taking into consideration the flow of the particles within a dice cavity theoretically. Namely, in order that the solid particles between rum compression side 318 and level annular side 325 may receive bigger compression than the contiguity solid particles between rum compression side 318 and soybean bottom wall 303, The vector ingredient of the power of inner direction facing down occurs into an upper material of field 325, and it compresses and carries out inner direction facing-down movement a little [ of the particles of this portion ]. On the other hand, the material which perpendicular side 232 is covered a little by the toe edge of level annular side 325 from the vector of such power, therefore meets field 232 is compressed less than the material along field 231, and, therefore, field 232 regards bigger permeability as giving smaller permeability to field 231. It has a high density operation on an upper material of annular band 461 in the dice of Drawing 28 with this annular band, The ring shape border area contiguous to an outside area is formed, the outer edge edge of this border area is divided by reference lines 460A and 460B which adjoin the periphery field 229 of annular, and the toe edge of a border area is divided by reference lines 463A and 463B. it is made that in which balance was able to take further the cellular release pressure and the amount of outflows of field 232 to other portions of an element by this (reduction of the above-mentioned difference of permeability [ this ] -- an intermediary table is divided) -- it is considered. Other examples which give a comparatively large thickness pace of decrease and a comparatively small thickness pace of decrease in Drawing 29 are shown. In the case of this example, small clearance is obtained by providing a projection part in compression side 318 of rum 317. For example, as shown in Drawing 29, an annular rib is provided in compression side 318 of rum 317, and this rib is made to project over all the circumferences in the position slightly estranged from the periphery of compression side 318 to the inner direction. Circle shape is preferred although the section of this rib can be made into arbitrary necessary shape. The depth of this rib agrees in the periphery of an element, and makes a capacity compression ratio a suitable thing to raise to a necessary size. The typical depth is comparable as the depth of above-mentioned central hollow 432. In this example, although annular band 461 of Drawing 28 can be formed in dice cavity 302, it is preferred to use the same dice cavity as Drawing 27 which has a step demarcated by insertion 421 and field 324,325. When using the dice cavity and rum 317 which are shown in Drawing 29, the element formed comes to be shown in the central part of Drawing 29. Circular sulcus 467 of correspondence in air inflow side 430 of an element is produced with annular rib 466. The outline of the shape of a slot intersects the edge of a periphery field, or the extended field of perpendicular side 232, or it makes it the position of slot 467 be in Creeping state slightly in an inner direction. Therefore, at least one copy is located in the border area of an element, and projects circular sulcus 467 to the periphery field 229 of annular a little. As for the element which has circular sulcus 467, the central field, outside area and border area which are divided by reference line 413A, 413B;463A, 463B;460A, and 460B, the periphery field of annular, and cylindrical edge 230 as well as the element of Drawing 28 are formed in a position as shown in Drawing 29. The element which has a border area is shown in Drawing 28th [ the ] and 29, and such an element has the advantage that the cellular release pressure of side 232 becomes high. therefore, the fault explaining the element shown in the 20~27th figure -- almost -- or it can lose completely. Therefore, the characteristic of an element is improvable by raising the capacity compression ratio of the border area which is not concerned nothing and adjoins an inner direction to a periphery field irrespective of whether whose a periphery field is semipermeability or it is impermeability mostly to have raised the capacity compression ratio of the central field. The graph of the 30th and 31 figure shows the advantage of providing a border area, and these drawings show the diffusion element (there is no border area) of Drawing 27, and the element (there is a border area) of Drawing 28, respectively. In this case, use of the cellular release pressure test method of Drawing 20 and the same graphical representation form as Drawing 20 will obtain cellular release pressure (B. R.P.) curves A and B to each element, respectively. When there is no border area by comparing these curves, it turns out that there is the minimum of a cellular release pressure curve in perpendicular side 232 of an element. When providing a border area, as curve B of Drawing 31 shows, increase of cellular release pressure is produced in field 232. Since a flow is in inverse proportion to cellular release pressure, it can restrict the flow from surface 232 by existence of a border area, and can make it less than the flow which passes through the central part of an element. Although the effect in perpendicular side 232 explained the advantage of the border area, it turns out that the perpendicular side is not required. for example, -- using the upper surface of a border area as a non-vertical plane, using the slope of method facing down of outside on the whole from the upper surface of an element to the upper surface of a periphery field, and receiving the level surface -- about [ for example, ] -- 30 *~70 * -- the angle of 35 *~60 * can be made more suitably. In the 23~29th figure, the diffusion element which showed the boundary line of various fields, for example, a central field, the outside area, the border area, and the periphery field using reference line 413A, 413B:460A, 460B;463A, 463B, etc. was illustrated. These reference lines were not set up by a fixed ratio, and it is not actually being underlined with the perpendicular line which classifies clearly between each field in the actual product according [ and ] to the present invention, either. In the diffusion element by the present invention, a classification boundary line cannot be drawn between the fields where a big difference exists in respect of density between the materials of the field which adjoins mutually. These boundary lines have a spread of the side of a certain grade in practice. According to the example of the present invention, the capacity compression ratio of a central field considers it as a diffusion element high about 3~15% more suitably 2~20% at least about 2% to the capacity compression ratio of an outside area. These percentages are expressed as a difference on the basis of the capacity compression ratio of an outside area. The capacity compression ratio of a border area considers it as a diffusion element high about 35~100% more suitably about 10~35% at least about 10% to other portions (for example, outside area) surrounded by the border area of a diffusion element as an example of the present invention in a similar manner. Although the present invention is not what limits the size of the hole of a porous diffusion element in principle, About 60~600 microns of sizes [ about 90~400 microns of ] of a hole are more suitably made into the range of about 120~300 microns as an example, and the size of these holes is calculated by applying cellular release pressure to equation D=30 gamma/P specified by ASTM E-128. However, the maximum diameter of D= hole, surface tension (dyn/cm) of gamma= test liquid object, P= mercurial column pressure (mm) As for the diffusion element generally according to the present invention, unused permeability is about 1.62x10.⁵~5.4x10⁶cm³/min (6~200SCFM) -- suitable -- about 3.24x10⁵~1.89x10⁶cm³Although it is /min (12~70SCFM), when it is a product made from alumina, and a diffusion element for sewer aeration made from silica, it is about 4.05x10.⁵~9.45x10⁵cm³/min (15~35SCFM) is the optimal. About 5.08~50.8 cm (2~20 inches) of the cellular release pressure of the diffusion element by the present invention may be sufficient at column-of-water pressure, and although it is about 10.2~38.1 cm (4~15 inches) more suitably, as a diffusion element for sewer aeration, about 12.7~25.4 cm (5~10 inches) is the optimal. The above-mentioned art which raises a capacity compression ratio was used in order to improve the homogeneity of distribution of the flow covering a diffusion element, but it is impossible to predict the improvement factor based on the quality and technology needs of a use instrument in practice. However, the diffusion element of a certain kind can show the effect. That is, that whose coefficient of variation of a gas discharge side is about 0.25 or less based on the value of the cellular release pressure in at least five positions which carried out regular-intervals estrangement mutually on two reference lines which pass through the center of an element and intersect perpendicularly with Along each other on the surface of an element is good. This coefficient of variation of a suitable diffusion element is the range of about 0.05~0.25, and a thing which is 0.05 or less more suitably. As mentioned above, the solid particles of the border area of the diffusion element by the present invention are compressed to become a big capacity compression ratio compared with the particles of an outside area, The inclination of method facing down of outside is given to the gas discharge side above a border area, and, as for this inclination, it is optimal abbreviation 20 *~70 * and to use the slope of about 25 * as a diffusion element of suitable sewer aeration to the level surface, although it is the range of abbreviation 25 *~65 * suitably. At least one copy of the diffusion element in a certain gas processing device (including all), When attaching most to an individual plenum at least suitably and supplying processing gas and/or washing gas to each plenum and element in this portion through an individual flow control means, an effect arises about gas distribution, a pollution rate, and/or washing efficiency. The gas burst size per unit area of a porous diffusion element affects the efficiency of a diffusion element expressed as a fraction of the size of the air bubbles formed and the oxygen absorbed, or other processing gas, for example, oxygen transmission efficiency, (OTE). Generally a big flow reduces this efficiency. Efficiency becomes the maximum when supplying the air of a certain quantity to the element of a certain number, and operating by a flow with all the uniform diffusion elements. However, it is common to produce an error in the characteristics, such as permeability and hydraulic pressure, in manufacture of a diffusion element. The diffusion elements usually manufactured by the same specification by the same method differ greatly about the characteristic of penetrable and others separately. the -- in a 32A~32B figure, it is shown how pressure differs from the flow relation of such an element greatly. The permeability of the element of about 12 another side is assumed to be about 9 for the permeability of one element noting that there are two diffusion elements. These elements are attached to a respectively individual flow control means, air is supplied through a common plenum by the almost same pressure, and it is about 3.51x10 per element.⁴cm³To the flow of the average value of /min (1.3SCFM), it is the sum total and is about 7.02x10.⁴cm³It is assumed that the air content of /min (2.6SCFM) is fed. While curves AB and CD of the 32nd the A figure show the air content of an above-mentioned element in various pressure (it measures with column-of-water pressure) falls, average permeability shows the same data of the element of 10.5 with a middle curve. The flow to which permeability passes the element of 9 in about 17.78 cm (7 inches) typical decreased pressure with column-of-water pressure is about 1.62x10.⁴cm³It is set to /min (0.6SCFM) and the flow of the element of 12 is [ permeability ] about 5.4x10.⁴cm³It turns out that it is set to /min (2.0SCFM). the -- what plotted the pressure/flow characteristic of two above-mentioned elements attached to the individual plenum to which air is supplied from a distribution tube common to 32B should be shown, and supply of the air from a common distribution tube to an individual plenum should pass a 7.93 mm (5/16 inch) control orifice -- it is carried out. the -- while curvilinear A'B' and C'D' show the air content of two above-mentioned elements in various decreased pressure inB [ 32 ] figure, respectively, a middle curve shows the same data of the element which has the average permeability of two elements. From a drawing to two diffusion elements to 7.02x10⁴cm³In order to emit the flow (an average of 1.3 SCFM(s)) of /min (2.6SCFM), the operation of orifice control shows that decreased pressure is set to about 27.94 cm (11 inches) with column-of-water pressure. The flow to which permeability passes the element of 9 corresponding to this is about 3.24x10.⁴cm³The flow to which it is /min (1.2SCFM) and permeability passes the element of 12 is about 3.78x10.⁴cm³It is /min (1.4SCFM). While the ratio of the flow of two elements in this case is about 3.3:1 in a previous case, it is set to about 1.2:1. Therefore, it turns out that it is much more effective for obtaining required air and output to use a diffusion element for an individual flow control means. Other effects arise by using the individual plenum supplied through an individual flow control means. The difference of the flow of a penetrable diffusion element which is different in the case of a certain kind of organic mucus (polluting the diffusion element surface with a low flow remarkably is known) increases early further rather than the time of attaching to the individual plenum in an individual flow control means, when an element is attached to a common plenum. In washing, permeability is the lowest, therefore the necessity of washing receives a certain element only the washing gas of the least amount most. Conversely, it has high permeability, therefore the element with little necessity for washing will receive the washing gas of the maximum quantity. The number of times of a washing cycle progresses, and they become increasingly out of balance as a diffusion element with high permeability purifies the above flow relations out of balance. If a diffusion element is used for a flow control means individual as mentioned above according to the example of the present invention, it will set to a device, It operates satisfactorily, At least about 90% of the diffusion elements (when good) which receive gas by uniform pressure being alike -- receiving the average flows of all the element, when it operates by column-of-water pressure 5.08cm (2 inches) in the state where it is not immersed also after it uses it at the new article time and about 90% or more washes -- about ±15% -- and the flow per unit area of about ±10% of within the limits can be fed more nearly satisfactorily. The especially suitable example of the present invention is shown in Drawing 33, and some aeration apparatus for tank type aeration processing are shown in diagram in this drawing. Bottom wall 471 and perpendicular wall 472 are provided in tank 470, a fluid medium is stored in a tank, and numerals 474 show the surface of this fluid medium. Upper end edge 473 of perpendicular wall 472 is arranged on the level of the ground, this upper end edge is adjoined, a passage (not shown) is provided, and the usual guardrail (not shown) is provided in this passage. In this case, processing gas device 480 is made into the aeration network which has Blois (not shown), provides the usual filter, a pressure regulator, a valve gear, etc. in this Blois, and it connects them so that air may be supplied to yard piping 481. Air is supplied to lower Sending pipe 483 made from stainless steel by piping 481 through operation flange 482, and this lower Sending pipe is made to extend from the upper position of surface 474 to joint 484 under a surface. In joint 484, other lower Sending pipes which are plastic pipes made from a noncorroding material, for example, PVC, or poly butylene are connected to the 1st bottom Sending pipe 483. Make this 2nd bottom Sending pipe 485 extend to a tank, and also downward sliding flange 486 and T spacing-of-letters pipe 491, almost level terminal pipe 487 is made to open lower Sending pipe 485 for free passage through this T spacing-of-letters pipe, and this terminal pipe is made to intersect perpendicularly mostly to tank wall 472. It connects with two or more distribution tubes 489 which arranged terminal pipe 487 of each other in parallel via two or more short perpendicular connecting pipes 488 projected in a lower part from terminal pipe 487, and uses this distribution tube 489 as tank wall 472 mostly at parallel. distribution tube 489 -- Along -- it arranges at a suitable interval (about 30.4 cm ~ every [ for example, ] 121.6 cm (1~4 feet)), two or more dispersion equipments, i.e., diffuser 490, and these diffusers are provided with the combination of a flow control means as shown in the 2~6th figure, a plenum, and a diffusion element. A diffusion element has the characteristic and the size which were explained per [ which shall have the above-mentioned suitable characteristic as a porous diffusion element, and was shown in 3rd, 4, 28, andA / 28 / figure ] diffusion element, and are 2.54 cm (1 inch) in thickness, and an area of 369 cm.²(0.41ft²Average permeability shall be about 10.5±15% per element. Measure 501 which equips gas-scrubbing device 500 with a roller in this example and which can be run is provided, and Along movement of this measure to the above-mentioned passage of tank edge 473 is enabled, and indicator 502 is formed. Cylinder 503 for storing and emitting washing gas is stopped on run measure 501, This cylinder is formed with the plastic material of a lower Sending pipe through gas regulator 504, valve 505,506, flow instrument 507, plastic pipe 508, and elbow 509, and it connects with portion 485 located under the surface 474. Although plastic pipe 508 was estranged and shown from lower Sending pipe 483,485 in this diagram, it is advantageous to attach plastic pipe 508 to the exterior of a lower Sending pipe in practice, or to pass the inside of a lower Sending pipe. It borrows in above-mentioned cylinder 503, and it is thought that the combination of 501 is the composition most convenient when supplying washing gas at present. However, various alternative plans are applicable. For example, a burner can be used instead of cylinder 503, and fuel, such as sulfur which can oxidize with this burner, can be burned, for example, washing gas, such as sulfur dioxide, can be generated. using a fluid-gas contact device instead of a cylinder as an alternative plan -- for example, liquefied washing gas sources, such as aqueous acids, -- the inside of a processing gas stream -- the same direction -- or it can spray on an opposite direction and, thereby, can introduce washing gas into processing gas by evaporation or distribution. When using carbon dioxide as washing gas, it can obtain from anaerobic digestion gas, and typically, this digestive gas has carbon dioxide and methane, can take out carbon dioxide from digestive gas, and can use it as washing gas. methane is burned -- it is, energy, and water and carbon dioxide are produced by things, and this carbon dioxide can be further used as washing gas. However, it seems that best uses HCl in respect of effect, cost, and the ease of acquisition. The mole fraction of the HCl gas to air is about 7.5x10.^-5~3.1x10^-2It is used for Range, carrying out. It is about 3.1x10 to the above contaminants and the same contaminant.^-2By the HCl gas added with the of mole fraction, the washing cycle of about 30~40 minutes is required, and it is about 6.6x10.^-3In the thing of a of mole fraction, it is required to spend the about 4 times as many time. The total amount of the gas consumed in both cases is set to about 0.11 kg per diffusion element (0.25 pound). per [ 0.45 kg (1 pound) ] -- at the gas cost of about 0.5 dollar, the material cost for washing one diffusion element changes to about 0.125 dollar. As compared with the cost of re-calcination of a diffusion element, it turns out that this cost is advantageous. If the re-calcination cost of an element changes also to 7 dollars per piece, it is estimated. boiling above-mentioned time and gas consumption variously with the character of a contaminant, and making it change -- it is natural. However, an above-mentioned area of 369 cm²(0.41ft²It is a diffusion element About 6.75x10 per element⁴cm³/min~8.1x10⁴cm³It is good to wash by the flow of /min (2.5~3SCFM), and this flow is 900 cm of an effective discharge field.²(1ft²Flow about 1.62x10 of a hit⁵cm³/min~2.16x10⁵cm³It is almost equal to /min (6~8SCFM). Generally the mole fraction of HCl is about 4x10.^-5As mentioned above, it is about 8.6x10 suitably.^-5As mentioned above, it is about 4x10 more suitably.^-4It is considered as the above and is about 5.7x10 especially.^-5~3.1x10^-2Range and 6.6x10^-3~3.1x10^-2Range is much more preferred. All above-mentioned mole fractions are applicable by atmospheric pressure. When the gas pressure in the point releasing [ cellular ] differs from atmospheric pressure, 760 should be first multiplied to the value and it should amend by doing division with the total gas pressure in the point expressed with mercurial column mm below releasing [ cellular ]. The example of an experiment Next, the example of an experiment of the present invention is explained (the present invention is not limited to this example of an experiment). The experimental device shown in Drawing 34 in diagram performs this example of an experiment, and this device is designed to create the environment polluted at the above early speed that a ceramic diffusion element usually produces by precipitation of the inorganic matter of calcium and ion on the spot, and is operated. Thickness is uniform to small test equipment, and it is about 6.45 cm.²The diffusion element which has an effective gas discharge field of an area of (one square inch) is attached, This element is started from product Sanitage of the diffusion element formed based on the proprietary name Sanitage (Sanitaire) manufacture specification of the standard coincided with the standard applicable to the diffusion element shown in the 3rd and 4 figure. Have arranged such an element under above-mentioned environment, it was made to operate in the state of control, and the relative result of the relative amount of a rise of the hydraulic pressure added to an element, various operation art, and washing art was observed. The water of Milwaukee which took in water from Lake Michigan is introduced into the device of Drawing 34 by the flow of abbreviation 250~280c.c./sec using a Bellow style pump 521. Water is sent to closing contact room 523 through lead pipe 522, and it is gas-like CO to this A room.₂It adds by an about 2.4 scc(s)/sec flow. CO₂It is compression CO about a source.₂It is [ in / consider it as stored cylinder 528 and / the upper region of rotating meter 530 of a suitable size ] about 0.70kg/cm by regulator 529.²It adjusts so that the pressure of (10Psi) may be outputted. The flow from rotating meter 530 is adjusted with regulating valve 531, and contact room 523 is supplied through lead pipe 532. In this A room, it is CO from a lead pipe to Intake water.₂Gas is bubbled. Water and CO₂Introduce Both near the bottom part of the chamber, it is made to flow out near the Room top, a cover is put on this top part, and it is CO.₂The dissolution to Water of is promoted. Next, CO₂The water which Is dissolved(ed) is introduced into the bottom of the jointed pillar, i.e., limestone pillar 538, which stored the fragment of limestone from feeding line 537, a limestone pillar is raised, and it is made to flow out near the top part in this limestone. This water is sent into aeration tank 552 through feed pipe 539. In reagent tank 545, it is FeCl.₃H₂SO₄FeSO prepared by being alike and oxidizing more₄It accommodates. FeSO₄It takes out from tank 545 with extraction pipe 546 and adjustment pump 547, and from supply line 548, it sends to a connecting point with feed pipe 539, it is mixed, and it is Fe of 5 mg/.⁺⁺The water containing ion is introduced into aeration tank 552. Bottom wall 553, side wall 554, and the open top part are provided in this tank, and mean holding time adopts the size holding fluid bath 555 of about 2 hours. A fluid is introduced in one end of the surface of a tank, and floor Drain 557 is made to discharge from floodgate 556 of the other end of a surface. Above-mentioned aeration test equipment 580 is arranged at the bottom of aeration tank 552. The plenum formed by short cylinder-shaped PVC pipe 581, and flat PVC top board 583 and sole plate 582 is provided in each aeration apparatus. A ceramic porous structure (about 2.54 cm (1 inch) in width, 2.54 cm (1 inch) in length, and 2.54 cm (1 inch) in thickness) is attached to the top part of each plenum 580. An air inflow pipe and a fluid exclusion line (not shown) are provided in each plenum, and sufficient lead ballast is stored, and it fixes to tank bottom wall 553. It is about 2.81~3.52kg/cm about air pressure power [ in / air supply 560 for each ceramic specimen is used as air compressor 562, air is taken in from air filter 561, and it emits to pressure regulator 564 through storage tank 563, and / the upper region of flow valve 565 ].²(40~50Psi) is used. The air of the quantity controlled by this valve to air manifold 570 through lead pipe 566 is fed, and this manifold is made common to all the examination plenums. The air style from branching line 571 to each examination plenum is individually controlled by regulating valve 574. A means (not shown) to give the humidity of the level controlled to the mixed gas introduced into a plenum is established. In the upper stream of each plenum, the hydraulic pressure covering the whole experimental track is monitored to branch pipe 571 using valve control A tap 590. this hydraulic pressure (DWP) is common -- pass lead pipe 596 -- it connects with A tap 590 and pressure gauge 597 which water was made full of determines. DWP is equal to the total differential pressure (deltaP) which pulled the height of the upper fluid of each test equipment in A test bath 555 from the pressure added to an element. Provide valve control A tap 603 in the upper region of a Then plenum in the downstream region of pressure A tap 590 in branching line 571, introduce washing gas into branching line 571 from this A tap 603, make it mix with processing gas, and you make this mixed gas go into a plenum, and make it spread from a ceramic element. It is considered as cylinder 601 which stores compression HCl, and a washing gas source is CO.₂pass pressure regulator 602 and a rotating meter (not shown) like gas -- a gas stream is sent out in the state where it controlled to valve control A tap 603. Using an active agent, for example, solution containing HCl, as an alternative plan, washing gas can be produced by separating air or other gas from solution. Thus, the rate of washing gas to processing gas can be controlled carefully, washing gas can be prepared, and the effective limit of the washing gas about an addition period required to obtain the reduction in DWP which can be admitted by this can be estimated. In the experiment shown in Drawing 34 in diagram, the solution separation generation-of-gas method is used, Compared with the flow of the processing gas supplied to a ceramic element, for example, 15~22 scc/sec, adjustment control is carried out at comparatively few flows, and this washing gas mass flow is made into the grade of a small fraction value from 3% of of 1% of processing gas streams. It is suitable washing gas solution of concentration about a processing gas (in this case, air) style to emit a little washing gas, For example, it carries out by bubbling the acidic solution of hydrogen chloride, and the concentration of this solution changes chronological very slowly, and can continue supplying the washing gas of the almost fixed molar ratio to processing gas over a long period of time comparatively by this. The typical data obtained in the above-mentioned experimental program is shown in the graph of Drawing 35, and this graph plots the logarithm of DWP (column-of-water inch) to experiment lapsed time about two ceramic samples operated under the diffusion control program. Curvilinear #1 shows the only 1.5 times as many control plan which carries out a DWP rise as the initial value before washing by curvilinear #2 while showing the control plan which raises DWP by about 3.5 times the initial DWP value before starting gas scrubbing. Curvilinear #1 A contaminant deposits gradually the curved part from point A to B on the surface of a test diffusion element, and the state where DWP goes up gradually is shown until it reaches a 3.5 times as many marginal condition as DWP the first stage. About 1100 hours have passed in point B, and it is gaseous chlorine (Cl) at this time.₂It is used and curvilinear B-C shows a I got it state for gas scrubbing. The more detailed plot of curvilinear B-C is shown in the graph of Drawing 36, and this graph expands and shows a time scale. While this exclusion that eliminates any fluids carefully from the plenum takes out a plenum unit from an aeration tank before adding gaseous chlorine in processing gas, passing processing gas, it leans a unit carefully and discharges a fluid from an exclusion line (not shown). Before performing gas scrubbing after rearranging a unit on an aeration tank, the air mass flow which passes the diffusion element of a unit is observed carefully, and DWP is measured after adjusting according to necessary. This DWP is almost equal to the pressure of 28 column-of-water inches in the time zero of Drawing 36, and this point is equivalent to point B of Drawing 35. At this time, it is gaseous chlorine in a processing gas stream About 9.25x10^-3Only the quantity which produces a of molar ratio is introduced. About this portion of an experiment, the cylinder (not shown) of compression gaseous chlorine was used instead of HCl cylinder 601. After adding chlorine continuously for about 540 minutes, when DWP corresponded to point C of Drawing 35 from the value of 28.0 inches of early columns of water, it fell to about 12 inches. In point B, it is higher than DWP 20 inches at column-of-water pressure the first stage, and since it is higher than DWP 4 inches the first stage, the DWP reduction by gaseous chlorine is equal to 80% of reduction of 20-4 / 20x100, a part for i.e., the increase in DWP, at point C. From point C before point D does not supply washing gas to a unit. Gas scrubbing by HCl is started in point D, and this decreases DWP from the column-of-water pressure 14.4 [ about ] in point D to 8 inches of column-of-water pressure abbreviation in point E. Cl [ molar ratio / to the processing gas in this period / HCl ] between points BC₂of molar ratio 9.2x10^-3When it is alike and being compared, it is about 6.5x10.^-3It carries out. Therefore, it can decrease to 8.0-inch DWP from the DWP value further acquired only with gaseous chlorine by using HCl so that clearly from the 35th and 36 figures, the DWP standard conditions, i.e., the column-of-water pressure, of an element. The situation of two more contamination and a washing cycle is shown in curvilinear [ of Drawing 35 ] #1. Curvilinear E-F and G-H are the same as that of curvilinear A-B, during these, a contaminant accumulates on an element only by processing gas being added, and, as a result, DWP goes up. Curvilinear F-G and H-I are a molar ratio of HCl [ as opposed to / the cycle explained per between points D and E and 2 times of the same washing cycles are shown, set washing gas to HCl in this case, and / processing gas ] About 6.5x10^-3It carried out. These 2 times of washing cycles are too shown in the graph of Drawing 36, only about the point of the chemical quantity needed by this graph, and it is 9.2x10. [ the point of the degree of recovery ]^-3time nearby short I want to do it required for reaching the equality condition it being more effective than the chlorine of a molar ratio nearby [ one layer of ], and concerning DWP -- things are understood. Even if the deposition cycle shown with the time interval between points E and F and between points G and H is continued comparatively regularly between points A and B, sequential washing has the same effect and it repeats this washing cycle how many times, it is important that it is shown that there is no capability loss. Curvilinear #2 As for the washing plan of the sample shown by curvilinear #2, the level of DWP washes a ceramic element at the time of Noodle an initial value and column-of-water pressure 8 inch about 1.3 times. Drawing 35 was plotted chronologically -- a sake -- curvilinear #2 -- being shown -- a unit -- since a start starts the experiment itself -- about 1900 hours -- earnestly -- or -- it is -- things are understood. The characteristic of the large another place of curvilinear #1 and #2 is the same. However, it is [ in / curvilinear #2 shows five contamination and a washing cycle, and / each washing cycle ] HCl gas to processing gas About 6.5x10^-3It is used by a of molar ratio and this is the same as that of the time of washing cycle D-E of curvilinear #1, F-G, and H-I. In Drawing 36, the situation of the characteristic of the washing cycle of curvilinear #2 is expanded and shown. In this case, DWP in which all the washing cycles decrease with time is the same, and it turns out that it has recovered completely to the DWP value like HCl gas scrubbing of curvilinear #1 for every cycle the first stage. A strange ratio is carried out a little during the relative period of the pollution cycle of curvilinear #2 like curvilinear #1. However, there is no tendency, as for, an interval will decrease or increase consistently by the time it reaches limit DWP from a base condition. Under deposition at the spot, and/or the conditions of organic contamination, one of the washing plans which shows by curvilinear #1 and #2 is more preferred than another side, and this is based on many factors, for example, power cost, the degree of DWP rise, and the chronological aeration effect loss. Term definition Capacity compression ratio It is used as a standard which compares with the term in this specification "capacity compression ratio" two or more fields of the element formed from the solid particle object it was made for plastic surgery, a press, and associative strength to generate in porous compression shape by combination or sintering. When applying to a certain field, this ratio is a quotient when division is done in the height of the material of this field after pressing the height of the material before pressing. material moving to other fields from a certain field by a press in the side, and having influences of some on the observed compression ratio -- although it is natural, such movement is disregarded in order to make an issue of a "remarkable" compression ratio. When the height of the material under [ before the press in a different position in a certain field ] press differs, I measured it. average height is used on the basis of the field of the field in a top view. Therefore, when it presses partially beforehand or adds the material of a certain height further on the material already clustered by vibration, the height of addition material is also taken into calculation. In determining especially a quotient, make the number of Removal into the height which compressed the whole material enough, and let the number of Removal-ed be the uncompressed height of both initial material and addition material. Standard conditions It uses about the hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release pressure which the diffusion element in a certain choosing point in the operation history of a porous diffusion element indicates to be a term "standard conditions." For example, the pressure of the element in the state where Then finally also arose in the operation history of an element in any of either of the conditions shown below or the following conditions can be used as standard conditions. namely, (a) -- the state of the beginning of a processing operation of the fluid medium containing at least one kind of contaminant, (b) the state of finally maintaining contact with a fluid medium without emitting the state finally washed by washing gas, the state finally washed by means other than (c) washing gas, and (d) gas, and (e) -- the minimum pressure recorded beforehand. When the standard conditions of hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release pressure are included in the processing operation of the fluid medium containing the time of manufacture, or at least one kind of contaminant for the first time in the suitable example of the present invention, it is considered as the pressure which an element shows. This standard condition can use the state after the beginning of an element, and/or sequential gas scrubbing. Therefore, according to the suitable example of the present invention, in the beginning and at least one sequential gas scrubbing, a large reduction of hydraulic pressure or average air-bubbles release is taken, and it calculates based on the standard conditions of the diffusion element used for the time of manufacture, or the beginning. Washing is introduced until a sharp reduction of increase pressure is shown to the standard conditions of the diffusion element suitably used for the time of manufacture, or the beginning at a degree of the gas-scrubbing operation which was clear and continued given [ two or more times of ]. In the beginning or sequential gas scrubbing, this amount of reduction is made larger than the difference of the hydraulic pressure of the element after the time of manufacture, or the maximum time use or average air-bubbles release pressure, and the value of correspondence of these variables when starting gas scrubbing by the present invention especially during the first gas scrubbing. Border area The term "border area" is a position contiguous to the inner direction of this periphery field, when there is a periphery field, and it is considered as Then and the position which adjoins the outer edge edge of an outside area suitably between a periphery field and an outside area. This field is a field (on continuous or stage target) which the capacity compression ratio of an element increases to the direction of a periphery field, or the perpendicular surface near the periphery of an element gradually along with the other side, and, as for the above-mentioned perpendicular surface, it says the surface of the portion which adjoins a periphery field in Then and a periphery field in the inner direction of a periphery field. Cellular release pressure It is used for "cellular release pressure" showing the resistance to discharge of the gas from the point or field on a diffusion element under a fluid medium, for example, water. When applying to a certain point of a certain element, the semi- Static pressure which should be applied to releasing air bubbles from this point on a gas discharge side is meant. When applying to a certain field of the activated gas discharge field of a diffusion element, cellular release pressure is considered as the average of the cellular release pressure measured in the point of a large number selected at random or equally distributed over this field. Cellular release pressure is expressed in the height (inch) of the column-of-water pressure after deducting hydrostatic pressure. If the device which this specification The 20th figure per explained is used or cellular release pressure is displayed, it will be the same or will examine using other devices which can produce data convertible into this pressure display. The value of above-mentioned cellular release pressure adjusts test equipment, and determines it based on "semi- Static pressure" so that the cellular release pressure which released air bubbles slowly enough and observed them may become equal to what is mostly obtained in the Static pressure state. Center As for a term "center", an element says the center of gravity of the effective gas discharge side of the element itself or the position based on figures which Then also looked at with the top view by Then or an infinite form in a fixed form. A central field "The central field" of the present invention shows the capacity portion of the lower part of the central field which constitutes the constant Ivy rate of the total effective gas discharge field of an element, and even if in agreement with the position of the central hollow provided on the surface of the element by the present invention, it is not necessary to carry out the boundary of this capacity portion. "A central field" is applicable even if the outline of the diffusion element seen with the top view changes, and the outline of Then of an element is good at circular, an elliptical form, a rectangle, a rectangle, a polygon, an infinite form, etc., is equal to the outline of the effective gas discharge side of an element, and it sets the center of an effective gas discharge side as a common center. As for a main area which divides a central field, it is [ about 80% of total effective gas discharge area ] suitably common to consider it as about 40% much more suitably about 60%. Washing "Washing" means the processing which prevents, delays for it or removes deposition of the contaminant in a porous diffusion element by washing gas, and it will be damaged, if it is effective and this penetration operation has a contaminant in a gas discharge passage to the penetration operation in which this processing is [ that a porous diffusion element is potential or ] practical. The increase beyond the standard condition of hydraulic pressure and/or cellular release pressure is sharply decreased by removing a sediment. Washing gas washing gas detailed in the letter [ this ] -- the gas discharge passage of a porous diffusion element -- independent -- or when mixing with other gas including processing gas and introducing in predetermined concentration and predetermined quantity, the gas which has the destructivity to enough pollution sediments to wash is meant. Such gas can act in the various state. For example, the thing for which a contaminant is dissolved in the deposition of mineral salt which precipitated especially, Or by dissolving the substance which makes a contaminant adhere to a diffusion element, by destroying combination between a contaminant and an element, it can act by killing a living body especially in the case of a living body contaminant, and dissociating from a diffusion element, and can also act in the combination of these operation states. Therefore, ingredient and temperature 20degreeC in which washing gas can exist as the organicity of the shape of one or more sorts of gas and/or an inorganic dissolution component, or a fluid, for example; it can be considered as the mixture of the dissolution component containing the ingredient which can exist as gas in standard atmospheric pressure. For example, H₂O₂CH₃It can be considered as OH and other volatile organic solvents. (However, what shows an acid reaction when suitable washing gas dissolves in the thing which exists as a gaseous body by 20 degreeC, and water, for example, SO)₂SO₃CO₂Cl₂ClO₂HCl, NO_xO₃Br₂etc is good and especially HCl is preferred. Coefficient of variation A "coefficient of variation" means Quotient for "standard deviation" on "an average." "Standard deviation" shows the square root of a square average of the difference from the average of the cellular release pressure measured value of a predetermined number. A "average" means the arithmetic average of above-mentioned cellular release measured value. Although the optimal accuracy is acquired by measuring the cellular release pressure in the random point of the gas discharge side of an element of representing the whole mostly, It is I or intermediary To have that the information on sufficient accuracy is acquired by taking the sample of the cellular release pressure in at least five points which carry out regular-intervals estrangement at Along each other in a diameter of two pieces which intersects perpendicularly mutually, when an element is circular. The head of water of hydrostatic pressure It is smaller than the operation head of water which expresses in the height (inch) of column-of-water pressure, and means the head of water of the hydrostatic pressure of the arbitrary fluid media added on the outflow surface of a diffusion element during gas scrubbing, and a device (does it decrease [ whether although it increases at a certain arbitrary times, an almost fixed value is maintained, or ]? it is independently) washes beforehand. Hydraulic pressure The differential pressure of the inflow surface of the diffusion element of the point forming [ cellular ] and the head of water of hydrostatic pressure is meant. It is the measured value of resistance of as opposed to the glass outflow of an addition element including the friction effect in the inflow end and outflow end of the gas discharge passage of an element and such a passage and the effect of the surface tension in the outflow end of a passage. The one simple method of measuring hydraulic pressure is expressing and measuring the difference of the head of water of the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid medium in the outflow surface of a diffusion element, and the total gas pressure in the inflow surface of an element in the height (inch) of column-of-water pressure. Differential pressure The difference of the hydraulic pressure maintained during gas scrubbing is meant, and this differential pressure is larger than the difference which appears when the only change on a device and operation conditions is sequential removal of a contaminant at washing gas. Increase level Meaning the difference for hydraulic pressure which arises during washing under the operation condition, i.e., the condition which raised differential pressure, which changed, the hydraulic pressure in this case means what appears when it is sequential removal of deposition of the change on a device and operation conditions of a contaminant by washing gas. Balanced concentration It is used for "balanced concentration" showing the degree of activity of the mixture of washing gas and processing gas. Measurement of this balanced concentration is performed by bubbling mixed gas through a fluid medium at the temperature which introduces washing. When saturating processing gas and washing gas in a fluid medium, concentration is measured with suitable arbitrary analytical skills, and it expresses as a fraction of the weight of the washing ingredient to full weight. When a detergent is acidified, the negative logarithm of a hydrogen-ion density is measured using PH meter, and this value is expressed as a balanced PH value of mixed gas. Contaminant It exists in a fluid medium and/or processing gas as a "contaminant", and is the entrance and/or exit of a gas Hanaten passage of a porous diffusion element, Or the substance which affects gas pressure / flow relations is meant by preventing the flow which accumulates in such a passage, for example, passes through a certain element or an element group, or disturbing uniform distribution of processing gas. Then of a contaminant and/or a sediment is also good at mixture of nature and/or a composite organic matter, organicity and/or inorganic matter, a living body or a non-living body, a fluid, a solid, and/or a gas ingredient. As a common contaminant, they are Species of a mushroom and bacteria, an alga, and a protozoan, The organic matter, the soap, detergent, or To which covers Rotifers, a higher life object, an oil cake, and a pipe, Dust, mineral salt, rust, a metal oxide, hydroxide, calcium, magnesium, There are other substances which do not melt easily by suspending or dissolving into carbonate, such as copper and aluminum, sulfate, ion, and a fluid medium, and emitting processing gas into the fluid medium of a border plane with a porous diffusion element. The term "existence" is used for the definition of a broad sense including the contaminant which exists, for example in suspension, distribution, emulsification, the dissolution, and any mixtures of other forms. It is [ a "sediment" ] sticky and it is attached to a diffusion element, under a usual release condition, is not enough to remove from a diffusion element, and generally says a thing it becomes impossible to demonstrate the above-mentioned gas penetration effect. [ of processing gas ] The term "sediment" is used also for the meaning of a broad sense including pultaceous solid and/or fluid ingredient, half-solid, solid particles, or lump, for example, there are Black, a scale, and other Enclosure. Formation of a sediment arises with various forms. For example, mere stay in case the rust particles which arise by processing gas infiltrate into the entrance of the gas discharge passage of a diffusion element and remain in a passage, The oil droplet and dust particles which arise by processing gas adhere each other, Increase when growing up to be a lump to the extent that it adheres to the inflow surface of an element and some or the whole of an entrance of a gas discharge passage is plugged up gradually, One or more kinds of life objects which survive in the fluid medium in the outflow surface of a diffusion element form a layer or a network in this surface, and it prevents the flow of processing gas, Suction in case the suspension solid in a fluid medium flows into a gas discharge passage by the adverse current to the diffusion element of the fluid medium which arises when growth of an organism when disturbing uniform distribution of processing gas, and the flow of processing gas are intentionally stopped to unexpected, Therefore, it is formed in precipitation (a crystal is included) in case the mineral salt which cannot be dissolved in a gas discharge passage and/or an exit deposits during discharge of processing gas. Gas In this specification, mixture of true gas, steam, or its both sides may be sufficient as gas, It is detailed, or Substance or a gas-like mixture also including the fluid or solid in which the glob of colloid and the form of particulates floated is meant, and they are this gaseous substance or a gas-like mixture, When being emitted to a fluid medium from a porous diffusion element under an operating condition, what is in a gas state is meant in sufficient grade to form air bubbles. A fluid medium or a medium A "fluid medium" means the substance (a single substance or a mixture is also included) which makes the liquid phase to sufficient grade to form a gas bubble, when gas is emitted through the porous diffusion element. There is a mixture (a miscible fluid and a nonmiscible fluid are included) of one or more sorts of organic fluids, an inorganic fluid or organicity, and/or an inorganic fluid in this liquid phase substance, for example, The fluid, the gas, and the solid substance of the others which do not take the liquid phase of an above-mentioned medium under a condition while emitting processing gas are also included. At least one ingredient in the medium ingredient which are one more or more sorts of contaminants and/or one ingredient in the ingredient of the others of the media shall answer processing gas discharge, and it shall receive a predetermined change. The suitable category of such a medium is a mixed-solution object, refining, brewing drainage, paper manufacture drainage, etc. which drained [ liquefied ], for example, were processed with the activated sludge method. Average air-bubbles release pressure The arithmetic average of the measured value of a statistically sufficient number in the position selected on the surface of a diffusion element at random or systematically of cellular release pressure is meant. Porous diffusion element A big area, for example, usual, is at least about 129.0 cm.²It is at least about 193.5 cm suitably (20 square inches).²It is at least about 258.0 cm more suitably (30 square inches).²The element which has a minute hole of a large number which had an effective gas discharge side of (40 square inches), were mutually close, and were estranged, and were arranged at random or regularly covering the effective gas discharge side is meant. However, if many holes [ a part of ] penetrate gas under some operation conditions, he should understand. It is used in underwater [ pure in an another side new article or a manufacture state ], and has many effective holes per unit area of an effective gas discharge side under design operation conditions. It is good for such an element to give a certain optionally added characteristic according to necessary. For example, the hole which has a gas discharge passage is provided. Although these passages are mostly made into the shape of a straight line, it is music intermediary To have in practice. Although the passage separated mutually is desirable, it is common that considerably many passages are connected mutually. The entrance of the gas discharge passage of the gas stream ON side of an element and the exit of an effluence-of-gas side are mutually separated regardless of the grade of linearity, curvature nature, and a mutual free passage. high density of the passage in a suitable element -- estrangement -- a degree -- the average side interval between holes -- average thickness Sayori of an element -- it is shown by it being small, therefore being smaller than the average length of a gas discharge passage. This interval makes reference about the interval between the holes of what [ not only ] is considered to be effective on a series of operation conditions but all the diffusion elements. The size of a hole makes more suitably about 90~400-micron about 60~600 microns the range of about 120~300 microns, and this size is calculated by substituting the average air-bubbles release pressure of an element for equation D=30 gamma/p shown by ASTME-128. However, it is considered as the surface tension (dyn/cm) of the D= maximum aperture and gamma= test liquid object, and p= pressure (mercurial column mm). the case where necessary arbitrary shape may be sufficient as the shape seen with the top view and longitudinal section of the element, for example, it sees with a longitudinal section -- an element -- the maximum -- inundation -- a common size and an element -- average thickness -- the ratio of the level portion of a between -- at least about 4:1 -- suitable -- at least about 6:1 -- it is more suitably referred to as at least about 8:1. The ratio [ of this level portion ] of an effective gas discharge side to average thickness is about ten square inches (64.5 cm) per thickness of at least 1 inch (2.54 cm).²It is at least about 20 square inches (129.0 cm) suitably.²It is at least about 40 square inches (258.0 cm) more suitably.²It carries out. The field which raised the capacity compression ratio to the level portion in the lower part of an effective gas discharge side is provided. Therefore, although it has various fields, i.e., central field, outside areas, border areas, and periphery fields into a level portion, these fields may have the character recognized by the eye and there may not be any Then, either, the surface to which the hollow of a central field and/or the angle of the border area were attached can be made into eyes or To. For example, if the capacity compression ratio of a central field is more suitably made high 3~15% about 2~20% at least about 2% to the capacity compression ratio of an outside area, it is preferred. when providing a border area, the capacity compression ratio of a border area receives the ratio of an outside area -- at least about 10% -- it is suitably made high about 35~100% much more suitably about 10~35%. As for a diffusion element, although it can be considered as organic and inorganic various particulate matter, when it is elastic particles, a compression ratio is at least about 0.2x10.⁵psi (0.14x10)⁴Kg/cm²It is about 0.2x10 more suitably.⁵~4x10⁵psi (0.14x10)⁴~0.28x10⁵Kg/cm²It is considered as a certain thing and is about 4x10 suitably [ in the case of hard inorganic matter material ].⁵~6x10⁶psi (0.28x10)⁵~0.42x10⁶Kg/cm²It is considered as a certain thing. Outside area An "outside area" shows all or most of a diffusion element of a lower part of the total effective gas discharge side. [ other than "a central field" ] Compared with a central field, an outside area is located in the method of outside [ field / central ] from the center of an element. In addition to a central field, it is also good for an element to provide an outside area, and other other fields of Then are also good. Oxygen containing gas "Oxygen containing gas" contains pure oxygen and a proper quantity of oxygen, and means a thing usable as processing gas. Periphery field The capacity portion to which a "periphery field" meets the outermost edge of the effective gas discharge side of a diffusion element is said. It is not concerned annularly [ a periphery field ] un-annularly, but permeability says the portion processed as a field in which density is large and height is lower than all or some of outside area few (impermeability is also included) by a press (also including combination with the press by other art). Even if it establishes a border area in an element provided with a periphery field, it is not necessary to provide. Washing previous work hydraulic head It expresses in the height (inch) of column-of-water pressure, and means the total amount of the head of water of the hydrostatic pressure of a fluid medium added to the outflow surface of the diffusion element in a certain device during the period before starting washing. for example, the time average of the head of water in the operating life 90 days before in front of washing or the last head of water before washing [ in / usually / suitably / an operation ] -- more -- suitable -- one of an average head of water and the last heads of water -- it is considered as the larger one. SCFM SCFM means the gas mass flow denoted by cube foot per for 1 minute at the time of amending to the absolute pressure of temperature 20degreeC and 760 mm of mercurial columns, and 36% of relative humidity. Specific permeability the term "specific permeability" meaning the diffusion element of a dry state, and the passing gas total amount, and setting in the driving pressure power of 2 inches (50.8 mm) of columns of water -- the 1 square foot (900 cm) of a 1 inch (25.4 mm)-thick element²Per-minute standard cube foot per area (2.7x10)⁴cm³It expresses, however considers it as the case (20degreeC, 760mmHg, 36%) where temperature, pressure, and humidity are normal conditions. Average effective gas discharge area in which specific permeability is calculated from equation G=Q (t/A), however G passes a flow (per-minute standard cube foot), t passes the thickness (inch) of an element, and A passes an element at right angles to the direction of a flow (ft)²It carries out. Average thickness is used when the gas discharge side of a diffusion element is on the element portion from which thickness changes. Back pressure When making a diffusion element pass the gas of the specified quantity, the measured value of the resistive pressure power of some flows of the whole gas distribution network or a gas distribution network is meant. There are the frictional resistance and surface tension relevant to a head of water of a lead pipe, a network diffusion element, other elements, a contaminant, and hydrostatic pressure in this resistance. The network and network portion of this The have two or more diffusion elements which carried out mutual connection in air. These elements share a processing gas source, receive the combined resistance of a flow with a network lead pipe and other component part, and if they are pressure I have to overcome it. of a gas source, they are not in this combined resistance. In activated sludge process equipment, design back pressure is a compressor or an exit in Blois, and they are about 3~20 psi (0.21~1.41kg/(cm)) of Measure.²It is about 4~15 psi (0.28~1.05kg/(cm)) typically.²Generally it is about 6~10 psi (0.42~0.70kg/(cm)).²The thing is known. Tank processing Tank processing is 1000 ft to a fluid medium about processing gas because of [ for aeration ] other objects.³at least [ of liquefied intermediation bodily crush ] -- about 2 SCFT(s) -- suitable -- at least -- about 4 SCFM(s) -- more -- suitable -- at least -- it emits by the flow of about 6 SCFM(s), and this flow is taken as a far larger thing than the flow applied to lagoon or the pond of sewage disposal which installed pipe type Defrouser. As an alternative plan, the mean holding time of a fluid medium shall more generally be 12 hours or less, and this generally has it for 24 hours or less for about 48 hours or less than above-mentioned lagoon or the suspension time of a pond. [ less ] Processing gas Although processing gas can make at least one sort of composition ingredients of a fluid medium produce a necessary change, it means the gas which does not have destructivity like washing gas to a pollution sediment. Perpendicular With a term "perpendicular", it shall apply to the surface of a diffusion element and a very perpendicular thing and what is perpendicularly near, for example, the thing which makes the angle of about 20 * to a perpendicular line, shall be included.

[Brief Description of the Drawings]

It is a perspective view in which Drawing 1 shows the partial diagram of a sewer aeration apparatus, and Drawing 2 shows the terminal pipe and diffuser of a device of Drawing 1, It is a longitudinal section to which the longitudinal section on the 3-3 line of Drawing 2 and Drawing 3 cross at right angles, and Drawing 3 and Drawing 4 cross at right angles, the [ the enlarged vertical longitudinal sectional view in which Drawing 5 shows the details of a flow control device, and ] -- the longitudinal section of the example of change of the flow control device which shows a 5A~5D figure in Drawing 5, In the plenum top view of Drawing 4, and Drawing 7, Drawing 6 is some enlarged vertical longitudinal sectional views of the periphery of the example of a diffusion element, The 8~14th figures are Drawing 7 of other various examples of a diffusion element, and same partial enlarged vertical longitudinal sectional view, In the terminal pipe of Drawing 2, the longitudinal section of the composition of Deuser, the 16th, and 17 figures, Drawing 15 is the top view and side view of the example of change of the example of change of the composition of a terminal pipe and a diffuser, respectively, [ of further others ] It is a sectional view showing how to measure the data of the pressure which uses Drawing 18 for the longitudinal section on the 18-18 line of Drawing 16, and uses Drawing 19 for operation of the present invention, and a flow made into a diagram in part, the [ the diagram showing the cellular release pressure and the flow characteristic which were measured with a device and this device for Drawing 20 to measure cellular release pressure, and ] --A [ 20 ] figure -- the [ the expanded sectional view of the probe of the device of Drawing 20, and ] -- the explanatory view whichB [ 20 ] figure expands a part of cellular release pressure of the element of Drawing 20, and is shown, The 21~29th figure is a diagram explanatory view showing how to form the diffusion element by the present invention, the -- the explanatory view by the graph which shows the cellular release pressure of each portion of the longitudinal section of the diffusion element according [ Drawing 30 ] to Drawing 27 according [A / 28 / figure ] to the top view of the diffusion element of Drawing 28, and this element, the [ the explanatory view as Drawing 30 of the diffusion element by Drawing 28 with same Drawing 31, and ] -- the graph of the pressure/flow characteristic of a diffusion element for 32A andB [ 32 ] figure to show the suitable example which provides an individual flow control means in each diffusion element, The graph which shows the operation state of the tank type sewer aeration apparatus according [ Drawing 35 ] to the present invention according [ the diagram of an example with a tank type sewer aeration apparatus preferred for Drawing 33 by the present invention and Drawing 34 ] to the diagram of the test equipment of a porous diffusion element, and Drawing 36 are explanatory views to which some Drawings 35 were expanded. 1 ...... An aeration tank, 5 ...... A compressor, 8 ...... A supervisor, 9 ...... A lower Sending pipe, 10 ...... A distribution tube, 11 ...... A terminal pipe, 12,175 ...... Dispersion equipment, i.e., a diffuser, 14,182 ...... A plenum, 16 ...... The upper surface of a terminal pipe, 19 ...... A storage tank, 24 ...... A flow control device, i.e., a regulator, 26 ...... A side wall means, 35 ...... A diffusion element, 70 ...... A circular flat center field, 80 ...... O ring, 84,129,135,156 ...... A clamp ring, 92 ...... A clip, 108 ...... A retaining ring, 116 ...... A split ring clamp, 95,125,133 ...... A blockade means, 107,128,147,154 ...... Impermeable covering, 149 ...... A blockade ring, 229 ...... A periphery field, 230 ...... [ ...... A gas discharge side, 234 / ...... A gas stream ON side, 240 / ...... A tank, 255 / ...... A T-tube, 259 / ...... A blockade ring or stopper, ] The cylindrical perpendicular edge, 231 ...... A level annular side, 232 ...... The perpendicular side, 233 260 ...... Air bubbles, 271,272 ...... A reference line, 273 ...... A reference mark, 276 ...... A cellular release pressure curve, 277 ...... A flow curve, 301 ...... A dice, 302 ...... A cavity, 310,407 ...... A particle object, 312 ...... Screed, 317 ...... Rum, 318 ...... The compression side of rum, 400 ...... A plastic surgery ring, 413 ...... A central field, 414 ...... An outside area, 421 ...... A circular insertion, 430 ...... An air inflow side, 431 ...... An air discharge side, 432 ...... A central hollow, 440 ...... An annular insertion, 461 ...... An annular band, 466 ...... An annular rib, 470 ...... A tank, 480 ...... A processing gas device, 481 ...... Yard piping, 483,485 ...... [ ...... A terminal pipe, 489 / ...... A distribution tube, 490 / ...... Dispersion equipment, 500 / ...... A gas-scrubbing device, 501 / ...... It measures and is 502. / ...... Indicator, ] A lower Sending pipe, 484 ...... A joint, 486 ...... A sliding flange, 487 503 ...... A cylinder, 508 ...... A plastic pipe, 521 ...... [ ...... A reagent tank 552 / ...... An aeration tank, 580 / ...... Aeration test equipment, 570 / ...... A manifold, 590,603 / ...... Valve control A tap. ] A pump, 523 ...... A contact room, 537 ...... A limestone pillar, 545