Infrastructure monitoring devices, systems, and methods

0001This application claims the priority of US Provisional Application Nos. 61/355, 468 filed June 16, 2010, and the full text of that application is incorporated herein by reference. This disclosure relates to equipment, systems, and methods related to the monitoring and control of infrastructure, including, but not limited to, the supply and use of commercial, industrial, or household water, gas, and / or electricity. In particular, it relates to devices, methods, and systems that monitor and control municipalities and warn users of possible failures and necessary actions.

0002Municipalities operate and / or outsource a number of utilities and safety systems within each municipality. Such systems are usually complex infrastructures, including but not limited to water distribution, gas distribution, power distribution, water management, traffic control, fire departments, police stations, and emergency response departments. Each of these systems needs to be monitored for use (permitted or unauthorized), failure, mischief, events, obstruction or blockage, leaks, pollution, and / or other issues.

0003To keep track of the status of either system, or for normal use, billing or repair, personnel dispatched to the municipality usually have to manually check for problems in the system. This system is time consuming, labor intensive and can be overlooked. In addition, favorable aspects of the system are evaluated on an irregular or rare basis, leaving problems unchecked for long periods of time. For example, if there is a leak in the water main, especially if the leak is not detected for a relatively long period of time, the water company will incur high costs for lost water, energy consumption, chemical treatment and so on. In addition, leaks can cause structural corrosion underground. Interference with the system can go unnoticed unless reported to the central location.

0004Another problem or drawback associated with current systems is the system for utilities that maintain and monitor networks of monitor and device controllers that can generate a transmission infrastructure that can be adapted to multiple monitors and controllers. There is a lack of sufficient property rights to form an information network that provides information. For example, some networks require the installation of new utility poles and towers for the placement of communication devices. Municipalities may have to rent space on utility poles for utility companies to install such equipment.

0005In addition, problems in one system can cause problems in another system. For example, when a fire is reported to the fire department, it may be necessary for the gas company to block the gas flow to the vicinity of the fire and the water company to redirect water or additional water pressure to the vicinity. However, many current systems lack interoperability.

<p num="0006"><patcit num="1"><text>U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0189056</text></patcit></p>

<p num="0007"> Therefore, it is desirable to have a single system that can continuously monitor various situations of at least one municipal system and contact multiple entities at the same time.</p>

<p num="0008"> The disclosed methods, systems, and equipment provide new systems and methods for overcoming the problems and shortcomings of current strategies and systems and for monitoring municipal infrastructure. One embodiment relates to an infrastructure monitoring system. The system comprises an operations center and two or more communication devices communicatively coupled to the operations center. At least one of the plurality of communication devices is coupled to the components of the infrastructure, and at least two communication devices are monitoring devices. The first monitoring device monitors the first aspect or location of the infrastructure, and the second monitoring device monitors the second aspect or location of the infrastructure.</p><p num="0009"> In one embodiment, each monitoring device sends and receives data to and from at least one sensor that senses at least one state in the infrastructure and at least one data storage device that stores the data sensed by at least one sensor. It comprises at least one transmitter / receiver and at least one sensor, a data storage device, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the transmitter / receiver.</p><p num="0010"> In one embodiment, the operation center and the plurality of communication devices are combined so as to be able to communicate wirelessly. At least one communication device is an output device. The output device includes a transmitter / receiver for transmitting / receiving data, at least one output port, and a processor communicably coupled to the transmitter / receiver and at least one of at least one output port.</p><p num="0011"> In one embodiment, the operation center and at least one output device are wirelessly communicable coupled. Each communication device is configured to receive a transmission addressed to the second communication device and retransmit the transmission to the second communication device. Each communication device is configured to receive a transmission addressed to the operation center and retransmit the transmission to the operation center.</p><p num="0012"> In one embodiment, the at least one output device is coupled to at least one of an actuator control device, an alarm, a radio frequency identification device and a tamper-proof device. In one embodiment, the monitoring device and the output device are included in the same unit. The monitoring device and the output device share at least one of a power supply, a transceiver, and a processor.</p><p num="0013"> The infrastructure may be at least one of a water distribution system, a power distribution system, a gas distribution system, a traffic control system, and an emergency response system. The system uses gas, water, electricity, mischief, leaks, GPS position, proximity, tilt, smoke, temperature, rust, corrosion, fluid flow, pressure, water quality, air quality, pollution, radioactivity. , PH, infrastructure status, and movement can be monitored.</p><p num="0014"> In one embodiment, the system issues a warning when at least one monitoring device records an event. In one embodiment, at least one monitoring device is coupled to a visual or audio device. The operation center can include a plurality of operation centers. Each operation center is uniquely arranged. The operations center can monitor multiple infrastructures at the same time.</p><p num="0015"> Multiple infrastructures are selected from the group consisting of water systems, electrical systems, gas systems, emergency response systems, traffic control systems, and combinations thereof. Infrastructure components include fire hydrants, supply and demand meters, manhole covers, utility poles, valves, pipes, traffic lights, water towers, water tanks, valve boxes, valve box covers, meter boxes, meter box covers, and smoke detectors. It is one. In various embodiments where the component of the infrastructure is a fire hydrant, the communication device coupled to the fire hydrant is a repeater. At least part of the fire hydrant , Made of a material that does not interfere with the communication of the communication device. In addition, the communication device coupled to the hydrant can be located within one of the nozzle cap, pumper nozzle, hose nozzle, fire engine hookup, and bonnet.</p><p num="0016"> Another embodiment relates to another infrastructure monitoring system. The system includes an operation center and a plurality of communication devices communicatively coupled to the operation center. At least one of the communication devices is coupled to a fire hydrant, valve, valve box, valve box cover, meter, meter box, meter box cover, water tower, water tank, pumper nozzle, hose nozzle, or manhole cover. Will be done.</p><p num="0017"> In one embodiment, the communication device coupled to the hydrant is one of a monitoring device, an output device and a repeater. At least part of the hydrant is made of a material that does not interfere with communication. In one embodiment, the communication device coupled to the hydrant is located within one of a nozzle cap, a pumper nozzle, a hose nozzle, a fire engine hookup, and a bonnet.</p><p num="0018"> Another embodiment relates to a fire hydrant. The fire hydrant includes a bonnet and a communication device coupled to the bonnet. Communication equipment is an element of infrastructure monitoring systems. Other embodiments and advantages of the present invention will be described in part in the following description, which will be self-evident or will be understood through practice. The figures illustrated and described in more detail are provided for illustration purposes only.</p>

0019<figref num="1">It is the schematic of the disclosed system.</figref><figref num="2">It is the schematic of one Embodiment of the monitoring device of this invention.</figref><figref num="3">It is the schematic of one Embodiment of the control device of this invention.</figref><figref num="4A">It is a development view of one Embodiment of the apparatus of this disclosure housed in a fire hydrant.</figref><figref num="4B">It is a perspective view of the apparatus of this disclosure attached to a fire hydrant.</figref><figref num="5A">It is a perspective view of one Embodiment of the shielding device which seals a bonnet of a fire hydrant from water in a fire hydrant.</figref><figref num="5B">It is a perspective view of one Embodiment of a cloaking device and a bonnet.</figref><figref num="6A">It is a perspective view of one Embodiment of a nozzle cap attached to a fire hydrant.</figref><figref num="6B">It is sectional drawing of one Embodiment of the nozzle cap of FIG. 6A.</figref><figref num="6C">6 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the nozzle cap of FIG. 6A.</figref>

0020As embodied and outlined herein, the present disclosure provides exemplary embodiments of the disclosed systems, methods, and devices. The features can be embodied in various alternative shapes. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details are not intended to be limited and are representative for teaching the basis of a claim how those skilled in the art will adopt the invention in various ways. It is intended to be provided as a basic foundation.

0021A problem that can be solved by the disclosed embodiments is infrastructure monitoring and maintenance. A monitoring device with one-way or two-way communication capabilities can be used to detect failures in municipal systems and provide real-time or near-real-time device status, maintenance, and system control on demand. Was discovered.

0022The network of monitoring devices can provide the system administrator with an overview of the current state of the system. The network includes an array of various monitoring devices, each capable of sensing at least one condition. The monitoring device can send and receive data to and from at least one operation center. Communication from the remote monitoring device is a central monitoring facility Can be directed to one of a number of regional surveillance centers, users, and / or research facilities. In addition, the system includes at least one control unit. Each controller is configured to control various situations in the system. The control device may be part of a monitoring device or may be a separate unit. Communication is via the Internet, but may be via a private network, a private network, or a wide area network. Communication includes wireless elements, such as from remote monitoring and / or control to regional monitoring facilities or distributed monitors. Communication is also protected or encrypted so that the communication system cannot be monitored by another unknown person. Access to the system is allowed by the user's name and password, but additional and / or alternative encryption methods can be adopted.

0023One embodiment relates to a water infrastructure system. In such a system, the monitoring device may be placed throughout the system, for example, as an accessory to a component, for feedback to the network that can provide real-time information to the utility company operating the network. The network operator can use the transmitted information to activate controls on the network or dispatch repairs or other services as directed by the information provided by the network. .. For example, if a water pressure monitor on a water meter shows a variation between positions, a network can be used to report a leak and the controller can transfer the water. By attaching a pressure gauge to the hydrant to monitor and report pressure loss throughout the system, hydrant users (fire departments that need to ensure adequate pressure), system users (waterworks affected by pressure drops) Consumers), and system operators (who suffer property losses as a result of the lack of real-time information about losses) can be provided with real-time information.

0024FIG. 1 shows a system 100 of the invention that monitors, controls, and communicates with at least one monitoring device and / or at least one control device. System 100 includes an operations center 105 that communicates with at least one monitoring device 110 and / or one controller 111. In a preferred embodiment, bidirectional communication between the operation center 105 and the devices 110 and 111 is possible. Communication may be unidirectional or bidirectional. Communication is wired network, wireless network, ZIGBEE (registered trademark) network, BLUETOOTH (registered trademark) network, Z-wave network, WiFi network, WiMax network, RF network, premises network (LAN), Internet network, wide area network (WAN). ), Mobile phone networks, fixed-wire phone networks, 900MHz wireless networks, and satellite networks, but not limited to any communication network 115 known in the art. In one embodiment, the network is a fixed network. For example, the fixed network can be a mesh network or a star network. Devices 110 and 111 and the Operations Center 105 can also communicate directly or through relay devices such as relays, repeaters, gateways, or other devices capable of receiving and retransmitting messages.

0025Each monitoring device 110 of the present invention monitors the status of at least one of the infrastructures. The statuses monitored are infrastructure elements (eg, pipe status, valve status, fire plug status, service line status, meter status, transmission line status, and battery status), commercial status (eg, liquid). Or it can be one or more of a gas stream, a liquid or gas pressure, a liquid or gas temperature, and a liquid or gas contamination), or a combination thereof. Further, each monitoring device 110 can monitor itself. For example, the monitoring device 110 determines if there is communication loss, low battery level, and / or internal damage (eg, a short circuit due to flood damage). In addition, each monitoring device 110 is structurally fixed (for example, valve, pipe, utility pole, fire hydrant, valve box, valve box cover, meter, meter box). Fixed to a water tower, water tower, water tank, pumper nozzle, hose nozzle, or manhole cover) or made movable (for example, with or in a water or gas stream in a pipe) Can be moved).

0026For example, monitoring device 110 or 111 can be coupled to hydrant 405 as shown in FIG. 4B. The monitoring device 110 or 111 can be mounted inside the nozzle cap 600 (ie, inside the pumper nozzle, hose nozzle, or fire engine hookup), inside the hydrant body, inside the bonnet, outside the hydrant, or on or inside the hydrant. Can be placed in place. The housing for monitoring device 110 or 111 is made of plastic, nylon, other synthetic or natural material, or other material that does not block communication with monitoring device 110 or 111. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, the fire hydrant bonnet 400 can include a monitoring device 110 and a waterproof container 420 for the monitoring device 110. In certain embodiments, the hydrant bonnet 400 can also include a power supply 425. In another example, as shown in FIG. 4B, the monitoring device 110 may be coupled to the outside of the hydrant 405. In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the bonnet 500 of the hydrant 505 can be isolated from the water stream within the hydrant 505. For example, a disc 530 of plastic, metal, or other material that seals a portion of the hydrant 505 can be provided to prevent water from reaching the internal area of the bonnet 500.

0027In another embodiment, the monitoring device 110 or the control device 111 is located within the nozzle cap 600 of the hydrant. The nozzle cap 600 of the fire hydrant is a device that is attached to the outlet nozzle and covers the nozzle opening. The nozzle cap 600 is equipped with a nut 605 or other device that allows the nozzle cap 600 to be firmly attached to the outlet nozzle or to apply force to remove the nozzle cap 600 from the outlet nozzle. FIG. 6A is an isometric view of an embodiment of the nozzle cap 600. In one embodiment, the nozzle cap 600 consists of a composite material, plastic, nylon, other synthetic or natural material, or any other material that does not block transmission from monitoring device 110 or control device 111. The material has the same fading properties as the paint used on the outside of the fire hydrant. For example, the material can have the same resistance as the paint to water, UV rays, corrosion, oxidation and other causes of fading. Therefore, it seems that the paint and the nozzle cap 600 are made of the same material.

00286B and 6C are cut views of an embodiment of the nozzle cap 600. The nozzle cap 600 has a housing 610 that creates a cavity into which the monitoring device 110 or control device 111 can be placed. The cavity is surrounded by a cover 615. The housing 610 and cover 615 create a watertight seal that can withstand water pressures in excess of 400 psi. In various embodiments, other pressures can be utilized. Further in one embodiment, the nozzle cap 600 has an antenna cover 620. The antenna cover 620 can be made of the same or different material as the nozzle cap 600. The position of the antenna should be kept away from metal for efficiency.

0029The nozzle fire hydrant screw 625 is provided as a means for connecting the nozzle cap 600 and the fire hydrant. The nozzle cap 600 also includes a female screw 630, which is a connecting means for connecting the housing 610 and the nozzle cap 600. The housing 610 also includes a male screw 640 designed to be coupled with a female screw 630. Antenna 650 is illustrated.

0030Each node in network 115 detects a transmission error. Error detection can be a cyclic redundancy check using a table based on a defined polynomial or other error detection method. In another embodiment, the route can be modified and transmitted if the primary route is blocked or otherwise unavailable. In addition, devices 110 and 111 can confirm receipt of the message, for example via the handshake protocol. .. If no confirmation is received, the message can be resent with the same route or with a different route.

0031In various embodiments, each monitoring device 110 and each control device 111 is assigned a unique identifier. The unique identifier can be associated with the geographic location, address, installation order of the device, or other method of identifying devices 110, 111. Further, various types of devices 110 and 111 can have a unique identifier including a unique key for each type of device. For example, the identifiers of all water meters can be labeled with WM, and the identifiers of all leak detectors can be labeled with LD. Each communication with the monitoring device 110 and the control device 111 also has a unique identifier so that the message can be received by the accurate monitoring device 110 or the control device 111, or the operation center 105 can determine where to send the message. Can be prepared.

0032Each monitoring device 110 and each control device 111 can be integrated into an existing system 100 or device 110, 111, can be coupled to a new system 100 or device 110, 111, or a new system 100 or device 110, 111. Can be integrated into. For example, System 100 can operate with or without connectivity to a Supervision and Control Data Collection System (SCADA) network. In one embodiment, each monitoring device 110 and each control device 111 has a set of adapters that simplifies the coupling of the monitoring device 110 or control device 111 with the new or existing system 100 or devices 110, 111.

0033In one embodiment, the system 100 is divided into sectors, each sector having at least one monitoring device 110 and / or at least one control device 111. Each sector can communicate directly with the Operations Center 105, or can have a Monitoring Device 110 and / or a Control Device 111, and at least one intermediary communication device that communicates with the Operations Center 105. In one embodiment, the sectors are divided by geographic location. For example, all devices in a region are located within a single sector, with one sector per region. In one embodiment, one intermediary communication device can provide services to a plurality of sectors.

0034In another embodiment, each monitoring device 110 and / or control device 111 may communicate with an adjacent monitoring device 110 and / or control device 111. In such an embodiment, each monitoring device 110 and / or control device 111 acts as a transceiver or receives a message addressed to another device 110, 111 or operation center 105 and forwards the message. Can be relayed by. In the embodiment in which the system 100 is divided into sectors, the monitoring device 110 and the control device 111 can communicate only within the sector. In other embodiments, the monitoring device 110 and the control device 111 can communicate with devices 110, 111 in other sectors. Each monitoring device 110, controller 111, and / or operation center 105 can determine whether the transmitted message was received by the intended 110, 111, and if not, received the message correctly. You can redistribute the message until it is done. Further, the communication range can be further expanded by mounting the relay device in the system. For example, relay devices can be placed on utility poles, in municipal buildings, in fire hydrants, and / or under manhole covers. In another embodiment, devices 110 and 111 can communicate over a network. In a network, devices 110 and 111 can communicate with other devices 110 and 111 in the network. The operation center 105 can set a predetermined communication route obtained from the routing table.

0035The Operations Center 105 may be located in a municipal office, a private or state-owned enterprise, a fire department, a police station, or any other entity that monitors the Operations Center 105. In another embodiment, the Operations Center 105 can be a remote host and accessible via the Internet. In the above embodiment, the operation center 105 can utilize cloud computing (for example, a network of remote host computers, servers, and data storage devices). Compared to non-remote host computer networks, cloud computing can increase usability, improve access and security, reduce costs, and provide specially customized, unlimited storage space. Further, in various embodiments, a plurality of operation centers 105 are provided. One or more Operations Centers 105 can be located in different entities, and each Operations Center 105 can monitor different aspects of System 100. For example, in an embodiment in which one monitoring device 110 monitors water usage and another monitoring device monitors gas leaks, the water usage status is monitored by the water company and the gas leaks are monitored by the gas company and / Or can be monitored by the fire department. In some embodiments, there are overlapping Operations Centers 105, with at least two Operations Centers 105 monitoring the same aspects of System 100. The operation center 105 can send transmissions that update the firmware of devices 110 and 111.

0036FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the monitoring device unit 200. The monitoring device unit 200 includes a processor 205. Processor 205 is coupled to at least one input port 210 that receives data from sensor 215. Processor 205 is also coupled to transceiver 220, which sends and receives signals. The processor 205 is coupled to the data storage unit 230. The data storage unit 230 can hold a predetermined amount of data received from the sensor 215. For example, the data storage unit 230 may hold data for a predetermined time (for example, one day, one week, or one month), or may hold a predetermined number of reads (for example, 10 reads, 100 reads, 1000 reads). Alternatively, the data can be retained until the operation center 105 instructs it to erase. Further, the data storage unit 230 can hold an instruction from the operation center 105 to the processor 205 to be executed at the time of prompting . The processor 205 compiles to send at least a part of the data stored in the data storage unit 230 to the operation center 105.

0037Each monitoring unit 200 can continuously collect and / or transfer data at specific intervals or at random. In an embodiment in which the monitoring unit 200 collects and transmits data discontinuously, the monitoring unit 200 can cut or reduce power consumption during the non-data collection period to save energy. Processor 205 is coupled to power supply 235. The power supply 235 can be a unit capable of supplying power to the processor 205 and the devices mounted on the processor 205. For example, the power supply 235 can be a battery, a solar panel array, a wind turbine, a hydraulic turbine, an electric wire, or a combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment, there is also a backup power source such as a battery. Power can be obtained from the operation of system 100.

0038In one embodiment, the processor 205 is coupled to at least one sensor 215 that monitors at least one state associated with the monitoring device. The sensor 215 can determine the state of the device. The sensor 215 can send and receive signals from the processor 205 either by wiring directly to the processor 205 or by using wireless communication. The sensor 215 may be located inside or outside the monitoring device. In another embodiment, the sensor 215 may be located remote from the monitoring device. For example, the sensor can be placed inside a fire hydrant, in a nearby building, or on a utility pole. In embodiments where the sensor 215 and processor 205 communicate wirelessly, the same communication protocol is used for sensor / processor communication and processor / operation center communication, or sensor / processor communication and processor / control center communication. It is possible to use a communication protocol different from that of the communication. For example, sensor / processor communication can use the RF protocol, and processor / control center communication can take place over a wireless network.

0039In one embodiment, the sensor 215 is a usage monitor. In the above embodiment, the usage monitor records the amount of water, gas, electricity, or other commodities used by the consumer for a predetermined period of time. The usage monitor can continuously record the usage of the product or provide a signal to the processor 205 that the product is in use. By transmitting a signal to the operation control unit, the processor 205 can notify the operation center 105 that the monitoring device 110 is in use and / or how much goods are flowing through the sensor 215. The operations center can request a read from the usage monitor on demand. The processor 205 or the operation center 105 can determine whether or not there is unauthorized use of the goods based on the usage amount. Upon detection of unauthorized use, at least one of Processor 205 and Operations Center 105 may issue a warning that unauthorized use exists. For example, in an embodiment where the usage monitor is coupled to the hydrant 405, the usage monitor indicates that the hydrant 405 is in use, but if no fire is reported, the Operations Center 105 may misuse the hydrant 405. Can convey a warning that there is sex.

0040In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a naughty sensor. Prank sensors include motion detectors, contact sensors, rotation sensors, touch sensors, proximity sensors, biofeedback sensors, temperature sensors, capacitance sensors, resistance sensors, or any other sensor capable of detecting the presence of an object. can do. The mischief sensor can send a message to processor 205 when it detects an event. The processor 205 can then evaluate the event to determine if the monitored device has been tampered with, or relay a message to the operations center 105 for evaluation. The device to be monitored can be a fire hydrant, a supply and demand meter, a valve, a manhole cover, a pump, or any other device that can be tampered with. After detecting the mischief event, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 can issue a warning that the device has been mischievous. The monitoring device can activate a tamper-proof device (described later). The operation center 105 sends a transmission instructing the processor 205 to ignore the message from the tamper sensor for a predetermined period of time or until another message telling the processor 205 to start monitoring the tampering event is received from the operation center 105. send. For example, if the fire department needs to use a fire hydrant, the Operations Center 105 sends a message to the Processor 205 to temporarily ignore the mischief event. Once the fire department has finished using the hydrant, the Operations Center 105 sends a message to the Processor 205 to resume monitoring for mischief events.

0041In certain embodiments, at least two of the sensors 215 are leak detectors. Each leak detector can include an in-pipe leak detector and / or an external leak detector. For gas applications, the leak detector is a vapor sensor. On the other hand, for liquid applications, the leak detector determines the presence and location of the leak by utilizing acoustic monitoring. The energy generated from the leak is transmitted into the pipe through the goods and the pipe wall. Each leak detector can detect vibrations caused by leaks in goods or pipe walls, connections, or service lines. At least two detectors must detect the same leak to determine the location of the leak. Based on the speed of the voice traveling along the pipe (V), the distance between the two detectors (D), and the delay between the time points when each detector detects the voice (T), we use the following equation: The leak position (L) can be determined.

0042L = (D- (VxT)) / 2 According to the above formula, the standard speed of sound in water is about 1500 m / s, and the standard speed of sound through an iron pipe is 5100 m / s. This speed can be measured experimentally. For example, if the leak is exactly in the middle between the two detectors, the audio will reach both detectors at the same time. Each detector can be monitored continuously or at regular intervals. The leak detector can send a message to processor 205 when it detects an event. Processor 205 can then evaluate the event to determine if a leak is present and how serious the leak is, or relay a message to the Operations Center 105 for evaluation. Upon detection of a leak event, at least one of the processor 205 and the operations center 105 may issue a warning that a leak is present if the leak is determined to be alert enough.

0043In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a smoke detector. The smoke detector can be a photoelectric detector, an ionization detector, or any other device capable of detecting the presence of smoke. The smoke detector can be located inside the monitoring device or outside the monitoring device. Smoke detectors continuously monitor smoke. The smoke detector can send a message to processor 205 when it detects an event. The processor 205 can then determine if smoke is present by evaluating the event or relay the message to the operations center 105 for evaluation. Upon detection of smoke, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 can issue a warning that smoke is present.

0044In certain embodiments, the at least one sensor 215 is a temperature sensor. Temperature sensors can be contact sensors (eg thermometers, thermistas, glass thermometers, resistance temperature detectors, filling system thermometers, bimetal thermometers, semiconductor temperature sensors, and phase change indicators), or non-contact sensors (eg, phase change indicators). It can be a radiation thermometer, a thermal imaging device, a ratio thermometer, an optical thermometer, and an optical fiber thermometer). The temperature sensor may be located inside the monitoring device or outside the monitoring device. In one embodiment, the temperature sensor continuously monitors for temperatures above or below a predetermined threshold. When the temperature sensor detects a temperature above the threshold, it can send a message to the processor 205. Processor 205 can then evaluate the event to determine if its temperature is a problem (such as a pipe freeze or fire) or relay a message to the Operations Center 105 for evaluation. When detecting an undesired temperature, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 can issue a warning that an undesired temperature condition exists.

0045In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a rust and / or corrosion sensor. Corrosion sensors use any method known in the art, including but not limited to liquid penetrant inspection, magnetic particle inspection, radiographic inspection, visual inspection, eddy current inspection, ultrasonography, and thermography inspection. This allows rust and / or corrosion to be detected. The corrosion sensor can send a message to processor 205 when it detects rust or corrosion that exceeds the threshold. The processor 205 can then evaluate rust or corrosion to determine if there is a problem, or relay a message to the Operations Center 105 for evaluation. When detecting undesired rust or corrosion, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 can issue a warning that an undesired amount of rust or corrosion is present.

0046In various embodiments, the at least one sensor 215 is a flow rate sensor. The flow sensor can be used in either a gas system or a liquid system. The flow sensor can detect flow direction, turbidity, flow velocity, flow density, flow viscosity, and / or any other flow conditions. Can be detected. The flow rate sensor is a speedometer, laser interferometer, vane, rotational potential meter, Hall effect sensor, device for measuring heat transfer caused by flowing fluid, or any other device known in the art for measuring fluid flow. It may be. The flow sensor can send a message to the processor 205 when it detects a flow anomaly. The processor 205 can then evaluate the event to determine if the anomaly is a problem or relay a message to the Operations Center 105 for evaluation. Upon detection of an anomaly, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 may issue a warning that an anomaly exists.

0047In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a pressure sensor. In a preferred embodiment, the pressure sensor is located inside the fluid stream or in the area where the pressure is sensed. For example, a pressure sensor can be placed at the bottom of a fire hydrant or in water to determine water pressure in a water system, in a pipe to determine air pressure or water pressure in a gas or water system, or indoors. It is possible to determine the atmospheric pressure in the room. The pressure sensor can be a piezoresistive strain gauge, a capacitance gauge, an electromagnetic gauge, a piezoelectric device, or any other device known in the art for measuring pressure. When the pressure sensor detects a pressure abnormality, it can send a message to the processor 205. The processor 205 can then evaluate the event to determine if the anomaly is a problem or relay a message to the Operations Center 105 for evaluation. Upon detection of an anomaly, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 may issue a warning that an anomaly exists.

0048In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a water quality monitor. The water quality monitor can monitor a single condition of water flowing through the system 100 or multiple conditions of water. For example, water quality monitors include bacterial concentration in water, chemical concentration, alkalinity, chlorine and / or chloramine concentration, hardness, pH level, peroxide content, iron concentration, nitrate concentration, nitrite concentration, arsenic concentration, pollution concentration, oxygen. Concentrations, biomass levels, and / or one or more of any of the other pollutants specified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can be monitored. In embodiments where there are multiple monitoring devices, it is possible for all devices to monitor the same situation, each device to monitor different situations, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the water quality monitor continuously inspects the water, while in another embodiment, the water quality monitor inspects the water at predetermined intervals (eg, once an hour, once a day, 1). Monitor (such as once a week). Each water quality monitor relays data to processor 205. The processor 205 can store the data in the data storage unit 230 or send the data to the operation center 105. Either the processor 205 or the operation center 105 can monitor the data received from the water quality monitor to determine if there is a change in the pollution level or if the pollution level exceeds the threshold level. When detecting a dangerous pollution level, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 can issue a warning that the water system is contaminated.

0049In an embodiment in which at least two monitoring devices monitor the same status of water, the operation center 105 determines whether there is a change in water status between the position of one monitoring device and the position of another monitoring device. Can be determined. If there is a change, the Operations Center 105 can issue a warning that there is a change in the water system and output the approximate location of the change in the water system.

0050In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is an air quality monitor. The air quality monitor can monitor a single condition of the atmosphere or multiple conditions of the atmosphere. In addition, the air quality monitor can monitor the air inside the facility or the surrounding air. For example, air quality monitors include atmospheric benzene levels, carbon disulfide levels, urethane levels, and formaldehyde. One or more of any of the other pollutants whose levels, phosphorus levels, naphthalene levels, parathion levels, quinoline levels, trifluralin levels, and / or acceptable levels are set by the Environmental Protection Agency can be monitored. .. In an embodiment in which a plurality of monitoring devices exist, it is possible for all the devices to monitor the same situation, each device to monitor a different situation, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the air quality monitor continuously inspects the air, but in a preferred embodiment, the air quality monitor inspects the air at predetermined time intervals (eg, once an hour, once a day). Inspect once, once a week, etc.). Each air quality monitor relays the data to processor 205. The processor 205 can store the data in the data storage unit 230 or send the data to the operation center 105. Either Processor 205 or Operations Center 105 can monitor the data received from the air quality monitor to determine if there is a change in pollution level or if the pollution level has exceeded a threshold level. .. When detecting a dangerous pollution level, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 can issue a warning that there are pollutants in the atmosphere.

0051In an embodiment in which at least two monitoring devices monitor the same atmospheric condition, the operation center 105 determines whether there is a change in atmospheric condition between the position of one monitoring device and the position of another monitoring device. can do. If there is a change, the Operations Center 105 can issue a warning that there is a change in the atmosphere and output the approximate location of the change in atmospheric conditions. In addition, in embodiments where there is a time stamp associated with each read, the Operations Center 105 can determine the approximate direction and speed at which the contaminants are moving.

0052In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a radiation detector. Radiation detectors can distinguish between natural and artificial sources of radiation, and can distinguish between normal levels of radiation and anomalous levels of radiation. The radiation detector detects ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have enough energy to separate electrons from atoms or molecules and ionize them. Examples of ionized particles are energetic alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons. The ability of an electromagnetic wave (photon) to ionize an atom or molecule depends on its frequency. Electromagnetic spectrum High-frequency ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and short-wave edge radiation of gamma rays are ionized. A radiation detector is one of a dosimeter, a Geiger counter, or a scintillation counter. Dosimeters measure the absolute dose received during a period of time. The ionization chamber dosimeter resembles a pen and can be clipped to clothing. Film badge dosimeters contain pieces of photographic film that are exposed as radiation passes through. The ionization chamber dosimeter must be charged regularly and the results recorded. The film badge dosimeter must be developed as a photographic emulsion so that the exposure dose is counted and recorded. Once developed, it is discarded. Another type of dosimeter is the TLD (thermoluminescence dosimeter). These dosimeters contain crystals that emit visible light when heated, in direct proportion to total radiation exposure. Like ionization chamber dosimeters, thermoluminescent dosimeters can be reused after "reading". Geiger counters and scintillation counters directly measure the dose rate of ionizing radiation. Preferably, the radiation detector is a solid device.

0053Upon detection of radiation, the radiation detector can relay the detection to processor 205. The processor 205 can store the detection in the data storage unit 230 or send a message regarding the detection to the operation center 105. The processor 205 or operation center 105 can evaluate the detection and operate according to the purpose of the radiation detector. For example, if the radiation detector detects radiation above a threshold level, the processor 205 or operation center 105 can issue a warning that there is an unsafe radiation level.

0054In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a motion detector. Motion detectors include radar motion detectors, optical sensor motion detectors, passive infrared motion detectors, magnetic motion detectors, pressure sensitive motion detectors, or any other device capable of detecting the motion of an object. can do. Motion detectors can be used for tamper-proof, security and / or streetlight control purposes as described above, for example to count the number of vehicles passing through an intersection controlling a traffic light. The motion detector may be located inside or outside the monitoring device. When the motion is detected, the motion detector can relay the detection to the processor 205. The processor 205 can store the detection in the data storage unit 230 or send a message regarding the detection to the operation center 105. The processor 205 or operation center 105 can evaluate the detection and operate according to the purpose of the radiation detector. For example, if the motion detector detects that a predetermined number of vehicles have passed the monitoring device, the processor 205 or operation center 105 can switch the traffic light from green to red. As a second example, if the motion detector detects motion after a predetermined time, for example after sunset, the processor 205 or the operation center 105 can turn on the streetlight near the monitoring device for a predetermined time.

0055In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is an inclinometer. The inclinometer can be a pendulum, a water pipe, a bubble level meter, and / or a MEMS electronic meter. Tiltmeters can be placed on equipment in the system, including but not limited to pipes, fire hydrants, meters, bulbs, utility poles, manhole covers, and street lights. The inclinometer can send a message to processor 205 when the sensor detects an inclination that exceeds the threshold. The processor 205 can then determine if there is a problem by evaluating its slope, or relay a message to the Operations Center 105 for evaluation. Upon detecting an undesired tilt, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 can issue a warning that there is an undesired tilt. For example, if a vehicle collides with a utility pole, an inclinometer will indicate that the utility pole is tilted at an undesired level, and the Operations Center 105 will dispatch a repairman to assess the situation and repair the utility pole. You can warn the municipality.

0056In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a proximity sensor. Proximity sensors can use electromagnetic technology, electrostatic technology, infrared technology, or touch switches. Proximity sensors can detect if the device is properly closed or if the device is in improper contact. When the proximity sensor detects the proximity exceeding the threshold value, it can send a message to the processor 205. Processor 205 can then evaluate its proximity to determine if there is a problem or relay a message to the Operations Center 105 for evaluation. Upon detection of an undesired proximity, at least one of the processor 205 and the operation center 105 can issue a warning that an undesired proximity exists. For example, if the valve is improperly closed, the proximity sensor will indicate that the valve is not closed and the processor 205 can warn the municipality to take appropriate steps to close the valve. ..

0057In various embodiments, the at least one sensor 215 is a visual or audio device. The device may be an infrared camera, a video camera, a still camera, a digital camera, a film camera, a portable visual device, a microphone, a vibration detector, a combination thereof, or any other device capable of capturing an image or sound. .. In one embodiment, the camera is a digital video camera that continuously captures video images. In another embodiment, the camera is a digital still camera that captures still images at regular intervals or upon command from processor 205. In another embodiment, the device is a traffic camera, which can take a picture when instructed by processor 205, for example, when it is determined that the vehicle is running at a red light. In another embodiment, the device is for performing a visual inspection of the system infrastructure. Used for. For example, the field of view of the device can include the device in the system that is likely to corrode, and the camera can provide a simple way to visually inspect the deterioration of the device. The device can transmit the image data to the processor 205, where the data is stored in the data storage unit 230 or transmitted to the operation center 105. In various embodiments, image or audio data is continuously streamed from the device to the processor 205 and from the processor 205 to the operation center 105. The data stream may be live or delayed. The device may be partly extended outside the monitoring device or placed in a hole in the monitoring device through which the device can obtain images or sounds, in the monitoring device, in the vicinity of the monitoring device, or in the monitoring device. Can be placed. In some embodiments, the camera is placed on an actuator. The actuator can be moved so that it is rearranged in the field of view of the camera. The actuator can move from processor 205 or autonomously on demand. In embodiments where the actuator moves autonomously, the movement can be continuous or sporadic.

0058In various embodiments, at least one sensor 215 is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. In one embodiment, the GPS receiver may be located in a device within System 100 including, but not limited to, pipes, fire hydrants, meters, valves, utility poles, manhole covers, and light posts. The GPS receiver can send a message indicating the GPS position to the processor 205. Processor 205 can then relay the message to Operations Center 105 for evaluation, confirmation, and documentation. Upon detecting an unexpected GPS position, at least one of the processor 205 and operation center 105 warns of GPS receiver movement, which may indicate that the device has been removed, tampered with, or stolen. Can be generated. Further, for example, an emergency responder looking for the position of a fire hydrant or a repairman determining the position of an embedded device can use the GPS position. In such an embodiment, the operation center 105 can transmit information such that an emergency responder or a repairman can easily locate the device. Transmission can be performed in any way, including but not limited to verbal, telecommunications networks (eg, smartphones or portable computers), or shortwave radios. In embodiments where the monitoring device moves with the fluid flow, the sensor can provide, for example, an update position for the monitoring device to track the level of contamination in the flow or stream.

0059Other possible sensors 215 coupled to the monitoring unit 200 may include, but are not limited to, current meters, backflow meters, system status monitors, power level monitors, and the like.

0060FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the control device 300. The control device 300 includes a processor 305. Processor 305 is coupled to at least one output port 310 that controls output device 340. Processor 305 is also coupled to transceiver 320, which sends and receives signals. Processor 305 is communicably coupled to output port 310. The output port 310 is connected to at least one output device 340. Each output device 340 may have the same purpose, different purposes, or a combination thereof. The output device 340 may be located inside the control device 300 or outside the control device 300 as shown. Further, the output device 340 may be attached to the control device 300 or separated from the control device 300. The output device 340 communicates with the output port 310 via a wired or wireless communication path. In various embodiments, the output device 340 is capable of two-way communication. In various embodiments, the control device 300 is integrated as part of the monitoring device. In such an embodiment, the control device 300 and the monitoring device can share the same processor and / or transceiver.

0061In various embodiments, the processor 305 is coupled to a data storage unit 330, which in some embodiments is a database. The data storage unit 330 relates to a control method of the output device 340. The instruction to the processor 305 can be stored. In various embodiments, the processor 305 is coupled to the power supply 335. The power supply 335 can be any device capable of supplying power to the processor 305 and any device mounted on the processor 305. For example, the power supply 335 can be a battery, a solar panel array, a wind turbine, a hydraulic turbine, an electric wire, or a combination thereof. In various embodiments, there is also a backup power source such as a battery.

0062In various embodiments, at least one output device 340 is an actuator control device. The actuator control device can control any type of actuator including, but not limited to, a tamper-proof device, a locking device, a camera operating device, a fire hydrant nut opening device, or a valve. The actuator control device can control the actuator autonomously or in response to a request from the processor 305. For example, upon receiving a signal that a particular event has been detected, processor 305 can instruct the actuator controller to operate in a particular way. Similarly, in certain embodiments, the control signal can originate from the operation center 105. Actuators can be mechanical, electrical, or a combination thereof.

0063In various embodiments, at least one output device 340 is an alarm. The alarm can be a visible alarm, an audible alarm, a tactile (ie, vibration) alarm, or a combination thereof. The alarm may be located inside the monitoring device, outside the monitoring device, at the operation center 105, remotely from the system, or at any other location sufficient to warn. In addition, two or more alarms can be placed in different locations. For example, in an embodiment with a smoke detector, an audible alarm is placed inside the fire detector to warn people around the monitoring device of the possibility of a fire, and an audible alarm is placed at the fire department to fire at the fire department. It can warn of the possibility of a fire and indicate that the gas flow in the vicinity of a possible fire should be blocked by placing a visual alarm in the gas company. In some embodiments, the alarm is controlled by processor 305, while in other embodiments the alarm is controlled by operation center 105. In various embodiments, the alarm has a locally controllable on / off switch.

0064In various embodiments, at least one output device 340 is a tamper-proof device. The tamper-proof device can be a mechanical lock, alarm, light, electric shock generator, holding device, electric lock, or any other device capable of preventing tampering. The tamper-proof device can simply prevent tampering or deprive the device of the person's ability to tamper with it, depending on the security level. In some embodiments, the tamper-proof device is controlled by the processor 305, and in other embodiments, the tamper-proof device is controlled by the operation center 105.

0065In various embodiments, at least one output device 340 is a radio frequency identification (RFID) device. The RFID device can broadcast information about the device on which the RFID device is mounted. For example, RFID devices can broadcast manufacturer information, location information, up-to-date service data, device information (eg manufacturing model and / or year), and current state (eg whether valves are open or closed). Etc. can be transmitted all at once. In certain embodiments, RFID devices can be updated by processor 305 or operations center 105. RFID devices can be active (eg, battery-powered) or passive (eg, require an external source to provoke signal transmission).

0066Example: The system of this disclosure monitors the water distribution infrastructure. The system is used to automatically control the water pressure in the system. The above system provides usage information to the control center. Includes a number of water meters that are paid for throughout the infrastructure, relayed by Im. When the operation center determines that the system usage is low (eg, at night) based on the information received by a predetermined number of water meters, it reduces or stops the water supply that puts pressure on the system. This saves electricity used by the water supply while maintaining sufficient pressure across the infrastructure to meet water needs. The decision to reduce or stop water supply can also be based on information received from pressure sensors that are paying for the entire infrastructure. For example, when the pressure in the infrastructure exceeds the threshold, the operation center reduces or stops the water supply.

0067In another example, the system is used to help maintain the infrastructure. Since water pipes and valves are often embedded underground, it is difficult to locate the device, assess the condition of the device, and repair the device if necessary. Using the example system described above, each device is equipped with a monitoring device. The monitoring device can, for example, monitor corrosion with a corrosion monitor, geographical location with a GPS receiver, and leaks with a leak detector. Upon detection of corrosion and / or leakage, the monitoring device sends a message to the Operations Center where the information is analyzed. The operation center should observe whether the corrosion and / or leak is serious enough to require repair, whether the corrosion and / or leak should be observed to determine deterioration, or whether the corrosion and / or leak is ignored. It can be determined whether or not it can be done. The Operations Center also warns personnel about the situation for further assessment.

0068If it is determined that corrosion and / or leaks should be repaired, the Operations Center will communicate that information to the repair personnel to keep the equipment out of the water. The information can include device location based on data received from GPS receivers, device related issues, and device information (eg, manufacturer, model, and / or year). The monitoring device may also be equipped with an RFID transmitter that transmits at least a portion of the above information. The repairman receives the information on a smartphone, a portable computer, or any other device capable of receiving the above information. Upon completion of the repair, the Operations Center will update the system to display the new latest repair date for the equipment.

0069In another embodiment, the system is monitored simultaneously by several entities within the municipality. For example, fire departments, gas companies, water companies, power companies, and traffic control centers all monitor systems simultaneously. When the monitoring device detects smoke, the control center warns each entity of the possibility of a fire. The location of the fire is determined by cross-reference between the monitoring device ID number and the reference table, or based on the information received from the GPS receiver. The fire department dispatches emergency responders to the vicinity of a possible fire by using the location information. The gas company uses its location information to divert or block the gas flow to the vicinity of a possible fire. By using the location information, the water company diverts water toward the vicinity of a possible fire or raises the water pressure in the vicinity of a possible fire to obtain information received from a monitoring device attached to a fire hydrant. Based on this, determine if the hydrant in the vicinity of a possible fire may have been damaged (eg, tilted at an abnormal angle, under no or little water pressure, or tampered with). The position of the fire hydrant is determined by cross-reference between the monitoring device ID number and the reference table, or based on the information received from the GPS receiver. The water company automatically warns the fire department which hydrant to use. In addition, water companies deactivate tamper-proof devices associated with fire hydrants. Power companies increase the electrical load on water pumps by receiving signals that additional pressure is needed within the water system. In addition, traffic control centers help fire trucks arrive quickly and safely by adjusting traffic lights on the way from the fire department to the vicinity of possible fires.

0070In another embodiment the system is used to monitor contaminants in the fluid flowing through the system. The system includes pressure sensors, leak detectors, and contamination detectors. Leaks in the system cause a drop in pressure throughout the system, which can lead to contaminants being drawn into the system. For example, if the pipe is underwater and the pressure inside the pipe is lower than the pressure outside the pipe, the water outside will flow into the pipe. The system therefore has several monitoring devices for checking for such possible or actual contamination. The pressure sensor indicates whether the pressure in the system is below the threshold level that draws contaminants into the system. The leak detector indicates if there is a leak that could allow contaminants to enter the system. Contamination detectors indicate possible defects in the system infrastructure by indicating the presence or absence of contaminants in the system.

0071Other embodiments and uses of the disclosed systems, methods, and devices will be apparent to those skilled in the art taking into account the specification and the practices disclosed herein. All references cited herein, including all publications, US and foreign patents and patent applications, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The specification and embodiments are intended to be merely exemplary, in line with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure set forth in the following claims. Furthermore, the expression "prepare" includes the expressions "consisting of" and "substantially consisting of". All examples illustrate possible embodiments, but should not be considered as limiting the scope of disclosure.