Mutant citrobacter freundii phytase polypeptide
16 claims: 13 independent, 3 dependent
- 1A phytase comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:3, wherein the phytase is mutant D53N when numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 3./ D57Y / M152VPhytase, includingAndThePhytase has increased thermal stability compared to the polypeptide having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.。 配列番号3に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、フィターゼであって、該フィターゼは、配列番号3に従って番号付けした場合の変異D53N/D57Y/M152Vを含む、フィターゼであって、該フィターゼが、配列番号3に示される配列を有するポリペプチドと比較して増加した熱安定性を有する、フィターゼ。
- 4Claim 1 ~3An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the phytase according to any one of the above. 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のフィターゼをコードする単離された核酸分子。
- 5Claim 1 ~3A plasmid or vector system containing the nucleic acid encoding the phytase described in any one of the above. 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載されるフィターゼをコードする核酸を含むプラスミドまたはベクター系。
- 6Claim4Claimed, comprising an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising the nucleic acid molecule set forth in the above or the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, or a sequence having at least 90% identity to these.5The plasmid or vector system described in. 請求項4に記載の核酸分子または配列番号2に示される配列を含む単離された核酸分子、あるいは、これらに対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有する配列を含む、請求項5に記載のプラスミドまたはベクター系。
- 7Claim that the plasmid or vector system is an expression vector for expression of the respective phytase enzyme or homolog, modified, functional equivalent or effective fragment thereof in a host cell or microorganism.5Or6The plasmid or vector system described in. 前記プラスミドまたはベクター系が、宿主細胞または微生物中において、それぞれのフィターゼ酵素またはそのホモログ、改変型、機能的な等価物もしくは有効なフラグメントの発現のための発現ベクターである、請求項5または6に記載のプラスミドまたはベクター系。
- 8Claim5~7Host cells transformed or transfected with any of the plasmids or vector systems described in. 請求項5~7のいずれかに記載のプラスミドまたはベクター系で形質転換またはトランスフェクトされた宿主細胞。
- 9Claim8The host cell described inTheThe host cell is B. subtilisandE.coliSelected from the group consisting ofBacteria, And, H.polymorpha, S.pombeandS. cerevisiaeSelected from the group consisting ofFungi containing yeastMicroorganisms includingThe host cell from which it is derived. 請求項8に記載の宿主細胞であって、該宿主細胞が、B.subtilisおよびE.coliからなる群より選択される細菌、ならびに、H.polymorpha、S.pombeおよびS.cerevisiaeからなる群より選択される酵母を含む真菌を含む微生物由来である、宿主細胞。
- 10Claim that the microorganism is a prokaryotic bacterial cell9The host cell according to. 前記微生物が原核生物細菌細胞である請求項9に記載の宿主細胞。
- 11Claim 1 that the prokaryotic bacterial cell is E. coli.0The host cell according to. 前記原核生物細菌細胞がE.coliである、請求項10に記載の宿主細胞。
- 12A method for producing phytase, wherein the method is claimed 1 to.3A method comprising the step of expressing the phytase according to any one of the above items in a host cell and the step of separating the phytase from the host cell culture medium. フィターゼを産生する方法であって、該方法は、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のフィターゼを宿主細胞中で発現する工程と、該宿主細胞培養培地から該フィターゼを分離する工程とを包含する、方法。
- 13Claim 1 ~3A food or animal feed composition containing the phytase according to any one of the above. 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載されるフィターゼを含む食物または動物飼料組成物。
- 14Claim 1 ~ in food or animal feed3Use of the phytase according to any one of the above. 食物または動物の飼料中における請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のフィターゼの使用。
- 16Phytase having an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:3 and having improved thermal stability compared to SEQ ID NO: 3 when determined by measuring the inactivation temperature. The inactivation temperature is a temperature at which the residual activity is 50% of the residual activity after incubation at room temperature under the same conditions for the same period of time, and the residual activity is a specific temperature. 2 mM phytase and 0.8 mM CaCl in 200 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 3.5 for 1 hour at2The reaction mixture was determined by incubating the reaction mixture, and after that time, measuring the phosphate released by adding 200 μl of freshly prepared AMM solution to the reaction mixture, the AMM solution being 1: 1 7.5NH with a ratio of: 22SO4, 15 mM ammonium molybate and acetone, where the absorbance at 390 nm was measured after 10 minutes and before 30 minutes after the addition of the AMM reagent, and the amount of phosphate. Determined by creating a calibration curve with a known concentration of phosphate solution、The phytase comprises the mutant D53N / D57Y / M152V when numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 3., Phytase. 配列番号3に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、不活性化温度を測定することによって決定した場合に、配列番号3と比較して向上された熱安定性を有するフィターゼであって、該不活性化温度は、残留活性が、室温で同じ条件下で同じ期間にわたってインキュベーションした後の残留活性と比較して50%である温度であり、 該残留活性は、特定の温度にて1時間、200mM 酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液pH3.5中の2mM フィチン酸塩および0.8mM CaCl2の反応混合物をインキュベートし、その時間の後、新たに調製したAMM溶液200μlを該反応混合物に添加することによって放出されたリン酸塩を測定することによって決定され、該AMM溶液は、1:1:2の比の7.5N H2SO4、15mM モリブデン酸アンモニウムおよびアセトンから構成され、 ここで、該AMM試薬の添加後、10分より後でかつ30分より前に、390nmでの吸光度が測定され、そして、リン酸塩の量が、既知濃度のリン酸塩溶液を用いて検量線を作成することによって決定され、該フィターゼは、配列番号3に従って番号付けした場合の変異D53N/D57Y/M152Vを含む、フィターゼ。
Independent claims13
312 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention relates to phytase, nucleotide sequences of phytase, methods of producing phytase, and their use.
(Field of invention) The present invention relates to the field for addition to feed. More specifically, the present invention relates to phytase that can be used to enhance phosphate digestion in food and animal feed.
(Technical background and prior art) Phytase is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals and legumes. However, monogastric animals such as pigs, poultry and fish are unable to metabolize or absorb phytase (or phytic acid), which is thus excreted, resulting in phosphorus contamination in areas of intensive livestock production. In addition, phytic acid also functions as an anti-nutrient in monogastric animals by chelating metal factors such as calcium, copper and zinc.
Inorganic phosphates are added to their diet to provide sufficient phosphates for the growth and health of these animals. Such additions are costly and can further exacerbate the problem of contamination.
Phytase is converted by phytase, which generally catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytase to lower inositol-phosphates and inorganic phosphates. Phytase is useful as an additive to the diet of animals, where they improve the availability of organophosphorus to the animal and reduce environmental phosphate contamination (Non-Patent Document 1).
A large number of phytase of fungal origin (Non-Patent Documents 2-4) and bacterial origin (Non-Patent Documents 5-10) are described in the literature. However, to date, none of these phytase exhibits the properties required for effective use as a supplement to animal feed. In particular, fungal phytase tends to be proteolytically unstable (Non-Patent Document 11) and is therefore susceptible to denaturation, but most bacterial phytase is narrow to phytate only. It has substrate specificity, and the degradation of inositol phosphate is inferior, such as intermediate phosphorylation (Non-Patent Documents 5 and 12).
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<p num="0008"> Therefore, an improved phytase is needed.</p>
<p num="0009"> (Gist of the invention) In a wide range of aspects, the present invention relates to bacterially derived phytase and variants thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to wild-type phytase from the bacterium Citrobacter freundii, and variants / modified forms thereof that exhibit improved features compared to wild-type enzymes.</p><p num="0010"> The present invention is advantageous because it provides a novel phytase that has properties that make it particularly useful and effective as a feed enzyme. In particular, the invention relates to a novel phytase polypeptide isolated and / or purified as described herein, or a functional fragment or variant or modified form thereof. The present invention also provides nucleic acid and amino acid sequences encoding such phytase.</p><p num="0011"> Phytase must combine a number of different properties to be effective as an enzyme additive to food and animal feed. In order to be able to degrade phytic acid in the acidic environment of the animal's stomach, it must be active at low pH, preferably across a wide range of pH values. In addition, it must have high specific activity and high thermal stability so that the protein can withstand the high temperatures commonly used in the preparation of feeds, preferably feed pellets.</p><p num="0012"> The enzyme has a wide range of substrate specificities, allowing it not only to hydrolyze phytase, but also to degrade phytase degradation intermediates such as inositol pentaphosphate, tetraphosphate and triphosphate. That is also important. Studies of phytase degradation in pigs show that these inositol pentakisates remain fairly insoluble in the small and large intestines, thus approaching alkaline phosphatases produced by animal and intestinal microflora. It is shown to be difficult (Schlemmer U et al., Arch.Anim.Nutr.55,255 ~ 280 (2001)). Variations in the substrate specificity profiles of different enzymes have been identified. For example, inositol-trisphosphate produced by B. subtilis-derived phytase is inherently resistant to further hydrolysis by this enzyme (Kerovuo J et al., Biochem. J. (200352, 623-628)). ..</p><p num="0013"> Another aspect of the invention provides a plasmid, or vector system, or transformed or transgenic organism containing the novel phytase described herein or a variant thereof.</p><p num="0014"> In another aspect, the invention relates to a transgenic organism that has been modified to express a novel phytase or modified form thereof as described herein and thus is capable of producing phytase. The present invention further provides means and methods for the biotechnical production of phytase and their use as dietary supplements.</p><p num="0015"> Aspects of the invention are presented in the claims and in the notes below.</p><p num="0016"> For ease of reference, these and further aspects of the invention are now considered under appropriate heading. However, the teachings in each section are not necessarily limited to each particular section.</p><p num="0017"> When used as a reference to the present invention, "produce", "produce", "produced", "produced", "produced", "produced", "produced", "produced", "produced", "produced", "produced". The terms "produceable" and "production" refer to the terms "prepare", "preparing", "prepared", and "prepared", respectively. Synonymous with "preparation," "generated," "generation," and "preparable."</p><p num="0018"> As used in reference to the present invention, the terms "expression," "expresses," "expressed," and "expressable," respectively, are "transcriptions." ) , Transcribes , transcribed and transcribable .</p><p num="0019"> As used in reference to the present invention, the terms "transformation" and "transfection" refer to a method of introducing a nucleic acid sequence into a host, host cell, tissue or organ.</p><p num="0020"> Other aspects involved in the nucleotide sequences that can be used in the present invention include: constructs containing the sequences of the invention; vectors containing the sequences for use in the present invention; plasmids containing the sequences for use in the present invention. Transformed cells containing sequences for use in the present invention; transformed tissues containing sequences for use in the present invention; transformed organs containing sequences for use in the present invention; the present invention. A transformed host comprising a sequence for use in the present invention; a transformed organism comprising a sequence for use in the present invention. The present invention also includes methods of expressing nucleotide sequences for use in the present invention using them, such as expression in host cells; this includes methods for transferring them. The present invention further includes methods of isolating nucleotide sequences, such as isolation from host cells. Other aspects of the amino acid sequence for use in the present invention include: constructs encoding the amino acid sequence for use in the present invention; vector encoding the amino acid sequence for use in the present invention; in the present invention. A plasmid encoding an amino acid sequence for use; transformed cells expressing the amino acid sequence for use in the present invention; transformed tissue expressing the amino acid sequence for use in the present invention; in the present invention. Transformed organ expressing the amino acid sequence for use; Transformed host expressing the amino acid sequence for use in the present invention; Transformed organism expressing the amino acid sequence for use in the present invention body. The present invention also includes methods of using them to purify amino acid sequences for use in the present invention, such as expression in host cells, the method of transferring them and then purifying the sequences. Including.<u style="single">For example, the present invention provides the following items.</u><u style="single">(Item 1)</u><u style="single">An isolated polypeptide comprising a Citrobacter freundii phytase, or an amino acid sequence corresponding to a homologue, variant, functional equivalent or effective fragment thereof.</u><u style="single">(Item 2)</u><u style="single">The isolated polypeptide according to item 1, which comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% identity (homology) with respect to the amino acid sequence, or a functional fragment thereof.</u><u style="single">(Item 3)</u><u style="single">An isolated polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% identity (homology) to it, or a functional fragment thereof.</u><u style="single">(Item 4)</u><u style="single">A phytase characterized in that it is derived from the P3-42 strain of Citrobacter freundii deposited as accession number NCIMB41247.</u><u style="single">(Item 5)</u><u style="single">Phytase or its functional equivalent, 2 mM phytase, 0.8, wherein the phytase has a specific activity of at least 1100 U / mg and the specific activity is contained in 200 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 3.5. mM CaCl</u><sub><u style="single">2</u></sub><u style="single">Phytase or its functional equivalent, characterized in that it is determined by incubating the phytase in a solution containing.</u><u style="single">(Item 6)</u><u style="single">A 2 mM phytase, which is a phytase or a functional equivalent thereof, the phytase having two maximum activities around pH 3 and pH 4 to 4.5, the activity being contained in 200 mM sodium acetate buffer. 0.8 mM CaCl</u><sub><u style="single">2</u></sub><u style="single">Phytase or its functional equivalent, characterized in that it is determined by incubating the phytase in a solution containing.</u><u style="single">(Item 7)</u><u style="single">The isolated polypeptide or phytase according to any one of items 1 to 6 at the following positions (numbered according to the numbering in SEQ ID NO: 3):</u><chemistry num="1"><img id="000002" he="32" wi="135" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry><u style="single">An isolated polypeptide or phytase containing one or more mutations in.</u><u style="single">(Item 8)</u><u style="single">The isolated polypeptide or phytase according to item 7, wherein the phytase has the following mutation:</u><chemistry num="2"><img id="000003" he="79" wi="137" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry><u style="single">An isolated polypeptide or phytase, including one or more of the above.</u><u style="single">(Item 9)</u><u style="single">The isolated polypeptide or phytase according to item 7 or item 8, wherein:</u><u style="single">P229S; D112V; Q82R; Q274H; D112Y; F88Y; K46E; S233C; R288M; I384L; Q385R; Q274L; E307Y; T199I; Q82K and T203I,</u><u style="single">An isolated polypeptide or phytase containing one mutation selected from the group consisting of.</u><u style="single">(Item 10)</u><u style="single">The isolated polypeptide or phytase according to item 7 or item 8, wherein :</u><chemistry num="3-1"><img id="000004" he="66" wi="137" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry><chemistry num="3-2"><img id="000005" he="179" wi="138" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry><u style="single">An isolated polypeptide or phytase comprising a combination of mutations selected from the group consisting of.</u><u style="single">(Item 11)</u><u style="single">An enzyme called phytase from Citrobacter freundii, or an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding its homologue.</u><u style="single">(Item 12)</u><u style="single">11. Isolated according to item 11, encoding a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% identity (homology) relative to it, or a valid fragment thereof. Nucleic acid molecule.</u><u style="single">(Item 13)</u><u style="single">An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence is the same as or complementary to any sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or any of any sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. An isolated nucleic acid molecule that contains the appropriate codon substitutions in or contains a sequence that has at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 99% sequence homology with SEQ ID NO: 2.</u><u style="single">(Item 14)</u><u style="single">An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the isolated polypeptide or phytase according to any of items 1-10.</u><u style="single">(Item 15)</u><u style="single">An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.</u><u style="single">(Item 16)</u><u style="single">A plasmid or vector system comprising the isolated polypeptide or phytase according to any one of items 1 to 10 or a homolog or derivative thereof.</u><u style="single">(Item 17)</u><u style="single">The plasmid or vector system according to item 16, which comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to any one of items 11 to 15.</u><u style="single">(Item 18)</u><u style="single">The plasmid or vector system according to item 16, which comprises the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence which is at least 75% homologous to it or a valid fragment thereof.</u><u style="single">(Item 19)</u><u style="single">Any of items 16-18, wherein the plasmid or vector system is an expression vector for expression of the respective phytase enzyme or homolog, modified, functional equivalent or valid fragment thereof in a host cell or microorganism. The plasmid or vector system described in.</u><u style="single">(Item 20)</u><u style="single">Host cells transformed or transfected with the plasmid or vector system according to any of items 16-19.</u><u style="single">(Item 21)</u><u style="single">The host cell according to item 20, which contains phytase, wherein the phytase is the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 or a functional fragment thereof, or a sequence having at least 75% homology to it, or items 7 to 10. A host cell comprising the variant according to any of the above.</u><u style="single">(Item 22)</u><u style="single">The host cell according to item 20 or 21, wherein the host cell is a bacterium containing a bacterium such as B. subtilis, E. coli, and a yeast such as H. polymorpha, S. pombe, S. cerevisiae. A host cell that is derived from a fungus, including.</u><u style="single">(Item 23)</u><u style="single">22. The host cell according to item 22, wherein the microorganism is a prokaryotic bacterial cell, preferably E. coli.</u><u style="single">(Item 24)</u><u style="single">P3-42 of the bacterial cell line Citrobacter freundii deposited as accession number NCIMB41247.</u><u style="single">(Item 25)</u><u style="single">A method of producing phytase, wherein the method uses the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% homology to the amino acid sequence, or a modified or modified form thereof or an effective fragment thereof in a host cell. A method comprising a step of expression in and a step of separating the phytase from the host cell culture medium.</u><u style="single">(Item 26)</u><u style="single">A food or animal feed composition comprising the phytase according to any one of items 1 to 25.</u><u style="single">(Item 27)</u><u style="single">Use of the phytase according to any one of items 1 to 10 in food or animal feed.</u><u style="single">(Item 28)</u><u style="single">A method for producing food or animal feed, comprising the step of spraying the phytase according to any one of items 1 to 10 on food or animal feed in liquid form.</u><u style="single">(Item 29)</u><u style="single">A method for producing food or animal feed, which comprises the step of mixing the phytase according to any one of items 1 to 10 as a dry product with the food or animal feed.</u><u style="single">(Item 30)</u><u style="single">A method for preparing a phytase enzyme variant, the method of which is:</u><u style="single"> a) In the process of selecting a parent phytase enzyme, the parent phytase enzyme is:</u><u style="single"> i. Parental phytase enzyme that is at least 75% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 3</u><u style="single"> ii. Parental phytase enzyme from Citrobacter spp.</u><u style="single"> The process selected from</u><u style="single"> b) To obtain a phytase enzyme variant by making at least one modification that is an insertion, deletion or substitution of an amino acid residue in the parent phytase enzyme.</u><u style="single"> c) Compared to the parent phytase enzyme:</u><u style="single"> i. Higher thermal stability and / or</u><u style="single"> ii. Specific activity and / or</u><u style="single"> iii. Proteolytic stability</u><u style="single">And / or the step of screening for phytase enzyme variants having</u><u style="single"> d) The process of preparing the phytase enzyme variant and</u><u style="single">Including, methods.</u><u style="single">(Item 31)</u><u style="single">A method for preparing a phytase enzyme variant, which is:</u><u style="single"> a) A step of subjecting a DNA sequence encoding a parent phytase enzyme to mutagenesis, wherein the parent phytase enzyme</u><u style="single"> i. Parental phytase enzyme that is at least 75% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 3</u><u style="single"> ii. Parental phytase enzyme from Citrobacter spp.</u><u style="single"> The process selected from</u><u style="single"> b) Step of expressing the mutated DNA sequence obtained in step (A) in a host cell</u><u style="single">When,</u><u style="single"> c) Compared to the parent phytase enzyme:</u><u style="single"> iv. Higher thermal stability and / or</u><u style="single"> v. Higher specific activity</u><sup><u style="single">*</u></sup><u style="single">And / or</u><u style="single"> vi. Higher proteolytic stability</u><u style="single">A step of screening a host cell expressing a phytase enzyme variant having</u><u style="single">And / or</u><u style="single"> e) The step of preparing a phytase enzyme variant expressed by the host cell, and</u><u style="single">Including, methods.</u></p>
<figref num="1">FIG. 1 shows SDS PAGE analysis of recombinant phytase from P3-42 of C. freundii purified by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. This figure shows a scan trace of a digital photographic image of a lane containing a sample of C. freundii phytase.</figref><figref num="2">FIG. 2 shows the pH profile of phytase from P3-42 of C. freundii.</figref><figref num="3">Figure 3 shows the substrate specificity of purified recombinant phytase from C. frendii P3-42 with varying degrees of phosphorylation and the inositol phosphate fraction of the model substrate. Abbreviations: IP6-Phytic acid, IP5, IP4 and IP3-mixtures of the isomers inositol 5-, 4- and 3-phosphate, respectively. Fru P2-Fructose 1,6-diphosphate, Fru P1-Fructose 6-phosphate.</figref>
SEQ ID NO: 1 lists the sequences obtained for the identification of bacterial strains.
SEQ ID NO: 2 enumerates sequences containing the phytase gene from P3-42 of C. freundii.
SEQ ID NO: 3 lists the amino acid sequence of P3-42 of the phytase gene C. freundii.
(Detailed Disclosure of Invention) The present invention features an enzyme comprising an amino acid sequence corresponding to a Citrobacter freundii phytase or a variant, variant, functional equivalent or effective fragment thereof.
The term "phytase" means a protein or polypeptide that can catalyze the hydrolysis of an ester of phosphate, including phytase, and can liberate an inorganic phosphate. In addition to phytase, phytase can hydrolyze at least some inositol phosphates with moderate phosphorylation.
The term "corresponding to Citrobacter freundii phytase" means that the enzyme does not have to be derived from the source of Citrobacter freundii. Instead, this enzyme must have essentially the same functional features or sequences as those of the Citrobacter freundii phytase.
The term "functional equivalent threof" means that the enzyme must have essentially the same functional characteristics as those of the wild-type Citrobacter freundii phytase. The term "modified form" or "variant" refers to the wild form of Citrobacter, although the enzyme has been modified from its original form. It means that it retains essentially the same enzymatic functional characteristics as those of the freundii phytase. In particular, the term "modified" or "modified, modified" has one or more amino acids having an amino acid sequence derived from the amino acid sequence of the parent / wild phytase and collectively referred to as a mutation. Includes phytase enzymes with substitutions, insertions and / or deletions. Modified or modified forms can have altered enzyme characteristics compared to the parent enzyme. Preferably, the modified or variant has improved thermal stability, increased pepsin stability, increased inactivity, broader substrate specificity or other modifications that are advantageous for enzymatic application. The term "functional" or "effective" fragment means a fragment or portion of Citrobacter freundii phytase that retains essentially the same enzymatic function or effect.
Preferably, the enzyme of this aspect of the invention has the same sequence as that of the Citrobacter freundii phytase or at least 75% identical (homologous) sequence.
Suitably, in a preferred embodiment, the enzyme comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% identity (homology) relative to it, or a functional fragment thereof. Provides an isolated and / or purified polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% identity (homology) relative to it, or a valid fragment thereof.
In another embodiment, the phytase is characterized in that it is derived from the P3-42 strain of Citrobacter freundii deposited as accession number NCIMB.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a phytase according to any embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, with one or more mutations at the following positions (numbered according to the numbering in SEQ ID NO: 3): Including, regarding phytase: 22, 23, 24, 28, 46, 53, 57, 67, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 88, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 105, 109, 112, 122, 126, 136, 140, 142, 143, 148, 151, 152, 154, 156, 160, 161, 164, 168, 170, 176, 177, 195, 199, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 215, 224, 225, 229, 233, 235, 274, 279, 288, 301, 307, 308, 322, 343, 358, 360, 362, 365, 366, 367, 370, 383, 384, 385, 386, 391, 393, 395, 397, 408, and 414.
These positions are characterized in that mutagenesis of the enzyme at these positions results in an improvement in the desired enzyme characteristics.
Preferred mutations include: A22T, E23K, E23Q, E24D, M28L, K46E, K46R, D53K, D53N, D57Y, G67R, G74R, E75K, E75V, V77I, S78T, E79V, Q82H, Q82K, Q82R, F88Y, N95D, N95P, N96P N96Y, Q97T, T98G, T98P, S101F, P102L, G103E, V105I, A109T, D112V, D112Y, F122Y, L126I, Y136N, E140V, K142R, T143I, T143P, N148D, K151G, M152K, M152V, T154I, S156T K161N, N164D, E168D, A170T, L176Q, L176V, Y177E, S195T, T199I, T203I, T203L, T203S, T203W, E204A, E204G, E204H, E204I, E204N, E204R, E204V, K205P, K205R, S206R, S206T T207S, L215F, D224H, N225D, N225E, P229S, S233C, S235A, Q274H, Q274L, Q279E, R288M, L301S, E307Y, N308D, N308T, A322V, G343A, K358R, K360N, T362A, T362I, N365D, T366S Conservative mutations at Q370H, D383V, I384F, I384L, I384M, Q385R, P386Q, K391N, A393P, K395T, D397N, S408I and L414I or their respective positions.
"Conservative mutations" means mutations to amino acid residues that are conservative in terms of amino acid characteristics compared to the indicated amino acid residues. Amino acid characteristics include residue size, hydrophobicity, polarity, charge, pK value, and other amino acid characteristics known in the art and described in detail below.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the mutation is one or more of the following positions: 23, 46, 53, 75, 82, 88, 95, 96, 98, 112, 143, 152, 176, 177, 199, 203, 204, 205, 225, 229, 233, 274, 288, 307, 308, 362, 370, 384 and 385.
Preferred mutations at these specific locations include: E23K, E23Q, K46E, K46R, D53K, D53N, E75K, E75V, Q82H, Q82K, Q82R, F88Y, N95D, N95P, N96P, N96S, N96Y, T98G, D112V, D112Y, T143I, T143P, M152K, M152V L176V, Y177F, T199I, T203I, T203L, T203S, T203W, E204A, E204G, E204H, E204I, E204N, E204R, E204V, K205P, K205R, N225D, N225E, P229S, S233C, Q274H, Q274L, R288M, E307Y Conservative mutations at N308T, T362A, T362I, Q370H, I384F, I384L, I384M, and Q385R or their respective positions.
In one embodiment, a phytase is provided that comprises one mutation selected from the group consisting of: P229S; D112V; Q82R; Q274H; D112Y; F88Y; K46E; S233C; R288M; I384L; Q385R; Q274L; E307Y; T199I; Q82K and T203I.
In a further preferred embodiment, a phytase comprising a combination of mutations selected from the group consisting of:
<chemistry num="4-1"><img id="000006" he="66" wi="136" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry>
<chemistry num="4-2"><img id="000007" he="182" wi="139" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry> In a more preferred embodiment, a phytase comprising a combination of mutations selected from the group consisting of:
<chemistry num="5"><img id="000008" he="84" wi="137" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry> Thus, a preferred phytase according to the invention is a variant consisting of the amino acid sequence listed as SEQ ID NO: 3 and having one or more of the amino acid mutations listed above or one of the combinations of mutations listed above. is there.
In these embodiments, this nomenclature refers to a phytase comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, having the mutation shown by reference to the position of the amino acid in SEQ ID NO: 3. This nomenclature is described in detail below.
Appropriately, these variants exhibit improved characteristics with respect to any one of the following: temperature stability, pH range, pepsin stability, specific activity, substrate specificity. Appropriate methods for determining these characteristics are disclosed herein.
In particular, improvements in phytase characteristics produce improved variants that are particularly suitable for use as feed supplements, to enzyme stability under food and feed processing conditions, during gastric transit. With respect to enzyme stability in humans or animals, and in enzyme activity and stability in the stomach and / or intestinal tract of humans or animals. Thus, such improvements include, among other parameters, increased stability at elevated temperatures, preferably above 65 ° C, proteolytic digestion, preferably increased stability of the intestinal tract to proteases. Includes increased catalytic activity at low pH, preferably below pH 5.5, and the general effectiveness of free phosphate groups from phytase from phytase.
Appropriately, in one embodiment, the phytase or functional equivalent of the present invention has a specific activity of 1000 U / mg or more of this phytase, which is contained in 200 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 3.5. 2 mM phytase, 0.8 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>It is characterized in that it is determined by incubating this phytase in a solution containing. In another embodiment, the phytase of the invention or its functional equivalent also appropriately has two maximal activities of this phytase around pH 3 and pH 4 to 4.5, with this activity being 200 mM sodium acetate. 2 mM phytase, 0.8 mM CaCl contained in buffer<sub>2</sub>It can be characterized in that it is determined by incubating this phytase in a solution containing.
In a further embodiment, the invention provides a method of preparing a phytase enzyme variant, which method includes: a) In the process of selecting a parent phytase enzyme, this parent phytase enzyme is: i. Parental phytase enzyme that is at least 75% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 3 ii. Parental phytase enzyme from Citrobacter spp. The process selected from b) To obtain a phytase enzyme variant by making at least one modification that is an insertion, deletion or substitution of an amino acid residue in this parental phytase enzyme. c) Compared to this parent phytase enzyme: i. Higher thermal stability and / or ii. Specific activity and / or iii. Proteolytic stability And / or the step of screening for phytase enzyme variants having d) With the step of preparing a phytase enzyme variant.
In a further embodiment, the invention provides a method of preparing a phytase enzyme variant, which method includes: a) A step in which the DNA sequence encoding the parent phytase enzyme is subjected to mutagenesis, and the parent phytase enzyme is used. i. Parental phytase enzyme that is at least 75% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 3 ii. Parental phytase enzyme from Citrobacter spp. The process selected from b) The step of expressing the mutated DNA sequence obtained in step (A) in the host cell, and c) Compared to this parent phytase enzyme: iv. Higher thermal stability and / or v. Higher specific activity<sup>*</sup>And / or vi. Higher proteolytic stability A step of screening a host cell expressing a phytase enzyme variant having And / or With the step of preparing a phytase enzyme variant expressed by this host cell.
In the above embodiment of the invention relating to the method of preparing a phytase enzyme variant, the phytase enzyme variant is preferably screened for higher thermal stability.
In the above embodiment of the invention relating to the method of preparing a phytase enzyme variant, the phytase enzyme variant is preferably screened for higher thermal stability and higher proteolytic stability.
In the above embodiment of the invention relating to the method of preparing a phytase enzyme variant, the phytase enzyme variant is preferably screened for higher thermal stability and higher proteolytic stability and higher specific activity.
The parental phytase enzyme is preferably derived from Citrobacter freundii, more preferably from P3-42 of Citrobacter freundii.
In a method for preparing a phytase enzyme variant, which comprises a step of subjecting a DNA sequence encoding a parent phytase enzyme to mutagenesis, a DNA sequence encoding the parent phytase enzyme is preferably introduced by random mutation. It is subjected to the method, more preferably for error prone PCR, and even more preferably for error threshold PCR.
The preferred method of mutagenesis of the DNA sequence encoding the parent phytase enzyme is error prone PCR, more preferably error limit PCR, and other methods of mutagenesis are alternative to error prone / limit PCR or Can be used in combination with error prone / limit PCR. See Example 12, which provides a reference for appropriate error prone PCR and error limit PCR methods. Other methods are disclosed below.
As used in the context of this embodiment, the term "expression in a host cell", which refers to "a method of preparing a phytase enzyme variant," preferably refers to a living organism as defined herein. It is defined as the production of a phytase enzyme variant in the body, organ or cell. However, for selection purposes, phytase enzyme variants also utilize transcripts and translational mechanisms isolated from one or more cells isolated from one or more living organisms in vitro. It is considered that it may be generated via the method of. Such in vitro production of the modified phytase of the present invention can also be used to select the preferred modified phytase. In vitro expression can be appropriately performed using standard techniques. For reference, see the In vitro Expression Guide available from Promega Inc (Part # BR053).
(Definition of variant phenotype) Variants with higher thermal stability (difference in thermal stability) are preferably determined using the method disclosed in Example 12.
Phytase Enzyme The modified phytase enzyme prepared by the method for preparing a variant is preferably at least 1.5, more preferably 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, most preferably. Has at least 10 thermal stability differences.
Variants with higher proteolytic stability are preferably determined by the method disclosed in Example 12.
Preferably, the phytase enzyme variants of the invention have at least 45%, preferably 50%, 55%, more preferably at least 60% proteolytic stability.
(Further Modified Embodiment) In a further embodiment, the invention provides a method for the preparation of animal feeds containing phytase enzyme variants. a) In the process of selecting a parent phytase enzyme, this parent phytase enzyme is: i. Parental phytase enzyme that is at least 75% homologous to SEQ ID NO: 3 ii. Parental phytase enzyme from Citrobacter spp. The process selected from b) To obtain a phytase enzyme variant by making at least one modification that is an insertion, deletion or substitution of an amino acid residue in this parental phytase enzyme. c) Compared to this parent phytase enzyme: i. Higher thermal stability and / or ii. Specific activity and / or iii. Proteolytic stability And / or the step of screening for phytase enzyme variants having d) The process of preparing the phytase enzyme variant and e) The step of adding the prepared phytase enzyme variant to animal feed.
In a further embodiment, the invention provides a method for the preparation of animal feeds containing phytase enzyme variants. a) A step of subjecting a DNA sequence encoding a parent phytase enzyme to mutagenesis, wherein the parent phytase enzyme iii. Parental phytase enzyme with at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO: 3 Parental phytase enzyme from iv. Citrobacter spp. The process selected from b) The step of expressing the mutated DNA sequence obtained in step (A) in the host cell, and c) Compared to this parent phytase enzyme: vii. Higher thermal stability and / or viii. Higher specific activity<sup>*</sup>And / or ix. Higher proteolytic stability A step of screening a host cell expressing a phytase enzyme variant having And / or d) The step of preparing a phytase enzyme variant expressed by this host cell, f) The step of adding this prepared phytase enzyme variant to animal feed.
A preferred aspect of the method of preparing a phytase enzyme variant also applies to the above method of preparing an animal feed containing a phytase enzyme variant.
In another aspect, the invention is Citrobacter. Provided are an isolated or / or purified nucleic acid molecule or nucleotide sequence encoding an enzyme comprising an amino acid sequence corresponding to freundii phytase, or a homolog thereof. Appropriately, this isolated or / or purified nucleic acid molecule is the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% identity (homology) to it, or effective thereof. Encodes a polypeptide, including the same fragment. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 3, a variant at a preferred position listed herein, or any particular variant listed herein. Alternatively, it includes a combination of mutants. In another embodiment, the invention is a nucleotide sequence that is the same as or complementary to any sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or contains any suitable codon substitution of any sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. Includes a nucleotide sequence that comprises or comprises a sequence that has at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence homology with SEQ ID NO: 2. , Isolated and / or purified nucleic acid molecules are provided.
In yet a further aspect, the invention relates to and to the use of nucleotide sequences as shown below: (a) Nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 2, (b) A nucleotide sequence that is a variant, homologue, derivative or fragment of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 2; (c) A nucleotide sequence that is a complement to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (d) A nucleotide sequence that is a complement of a variant, homologue, derivative or fragment of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 2; (e) Nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (f) A nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing to a variant, homologue, derivative or fragment of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 2; (g) A nucleotide sequence that is a complement of a nucleotide sequence that can hybridize to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (h) A nucleotide sequence that is a complement of a nucleotide sequence that can hybridize to a variant, homologue, derivative or fragment of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 2; (i) A nucleotide sequence that can hybridize to the complement of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (j) A nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing to a variant, homologue, derivative or fragment complement of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 2.
The nucleotide sequence of the present invention may include a sequence encoding SEQ ID NO: 3 or a variant, variant, homolog or derivative thereof.
In particular, the invention provides a plasmid or vector system comprising phytase, as described herein, or a homolog or derivative thereof. Preferably, the plasmid or vector system comprises the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence that is at least 75% homologous to it or a valid fragment thereof. Suitably, this plasmid or vector system is for expression in a microorganism of any enzyme encoded by the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence that is at least 75% homologous (identical) to it. Expression vector. In addition, the invention provides a plasmid or vector system for the expression of any modified enzyme or variant described herein. Suitable expression vectors are described herein.
Another aspect of the invention provides a host cell transformed or transfected with a nucleic acid encoding a phytase as described herein.
Suitably, host cells according to this aspect of the invention contain a phytase, which phytase comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 or a functional fragment thereof, or a sequence that is at least 75% homologous to it. ..
In a preferred embodiment, the host cell produces phytase.
A further aspect of the invention provides a host cell transformed or transfected with a nucleic acid encoding a phytase according to the invention. Preferably, the phytase is a Citrobacter freundii phytase, as described herein, or a homolog or derivative thereof. Suitably, the phytase enzyme comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs: 3 or a functional fragment thereof, or a sequence that is at least 75% homologous (identical) to it. Preferably, the host cell produces phytase.
In one embodiment, the nucleotide sequence that can be used in the present invention can be obtained from Citrobacter freundii (although it does not have to be), but is isolated from and / or purified from the equivalent strain. It is understood that the enzymes can be used equally.
Appropriately, the host cell is derived from a microorganism, including bacteria, and a fungus, including yeast. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the host cell is a prokaryotic bacterial cell. Suitable bacterial host cells include bacteria from various prokaryotic classifications, including actinomycetes, which include members of the α, β, γ, δ, and ε subphylum gram-positive bacteria. Examples include actinomycetes, Firmicutes, Clostridium and related ones, flavobacterium, cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria and paleontacteria. Particularly preferred are Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli Proteobacteria belonging to the γ subphylum, and low GC-gram positive bacteria, such as Bacillus.
Suitable fungal host cells are selected from the group consisting of Saccharomycetes, eg, Ascomycota, including Pichia, Hansenula and Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomycetes, eg, anamorphic Ascomycota, including Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Aspergillus. Examples include yeast.
Other suitable eukaryotic host cells include insect cells such as SF9, SF21, Trychplusiani and M121 cells. For example, the polypeptides according to the invention can be advantageously expressed in an insect cell line. Similar to expression in insect cells in culture, the phytase gene can be expressed in whole insect organisms. Viral vectors such as baculovirus can infect whole insects. Large insects, such as the silk moth, supply high yields of heterologous proteins. This protein can be extracted from insects according to conventional extraction techniques. Suitable expression vectors for use in the present invention include all vectors capable of expressing foreign proteins in insect cell lines.
Other host cells include plant cells selected from the group consisting of protoplasts, cells, callus, tissues, organs, seeds, embryos, ovules, zygotes and the like. The present invention also provides whole plants that have been transformed and contain the recombinant DNA of the present invention.
The term "plant" generally includes eukaryotic algae, embryonic plants, including moss plants, fern plants and seed plants, such as nude plants and angiosperms.
Preferably, such host cells are microorganisms. Preferred microorganisms include prokaryotic bacterial cells, preferably E. coli, B. subtilis and other species of the genus Bacillus, yeast, preferably Hansenula polymorpha and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
In another aspect of the invention, P3-42 of the bacterial cell strain Citrobacter freundii deposited with Danisco Global Innovation, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460 Kantvik, Finland under accession number NCIMB 41247 is provided. Such cells may be incorporated directly into the feed.
In another aspect, the step of transfecting a host cell with an expression vector or plasmid according to the invention, the step of culturing the host cell under conditions for expression of phytase, and the step of culturing the phytase from the host cell culture medium. A method for the production of a phytase, including the step of extraction, is provided.
Appropriately, this method involves expressing in a host cell the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% homology to it, or a valid fragment thereof, and this host cell culture. A method for the production of phytase, which comprises the step of extracting the protein secreted from the medium.
Another aspect of the invention provides a feed composition comprising phytase according to the invention. Preferably, the feed composition comprises phytase at a concentration of 10 to 10000 U, preferably 200 to 2000 U, more preferably 500 to 1000 U per kg of feed.
In one embodiment, the feed composition comprises host cells according to the present invention.
In a further aspect, the use of phytase according to the invention in food or animal feed is provided.
(Preferable aspect) Preferred aspects are shown in the appended claims and in the detailed description and examples section below.
(Additional advantage) The present invention is advantageous because it provides a phytase having a number of properties that makes phytase particularly useful as an additive to animal feed.
In particular, the phytase of the present invention is active at low pH, preferably in the pH range of 2 to 5.5, with maximum activity around pH 3 and 4.5. Appropriately, the phytase of the present invention is active at low pH in the gastric environment.
In addition, the phytase of the invention is efficiently secreted in the natural host and during heterologous expression, resulting in more efficient production and isolation for feed addition.
In addition, the phytase of the present invention has a wide range of substrate specificities, including 5-, 4-, 3-, and 2-phosphate substrates, thereby increasing the total phosphate available to the animal. .. The phytase of the present invention also has high inactivity in the region of 1000 U / mg +/- about 10%.
The products of the present invention can be used as additives / supplements to foods and feeds. This product can also be useful in the commercial production of various inositol-phosphates.
(Phytase / phytic acid / phytase) Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) is an important constituent in cereal, legume and fatty seed crops. The salt form of phytate is the major storage form of phosphorus in these plants.
Phytase is a phosphate monoester hydrolysis of phytic acid that results in the formation of 5-, 4-, 3-, 2- and monophosphate esters of myo-inositol in a stepwise form and the release of inorganic phosphates. Catalyze.
As used in the present invention, the term "wild type phytase" or "wild type" refers to a phytase enzyme having an amino acid sequence found in nature.
The terms "phytase variant" or "variant" or "modified form" are collectively referred to as "mutations", one or more amino acid substitutions, insertions, And / or refers to a phytase enzyme having an amino acid sequence derived from the amino acid sequence of the parent phytase having the deletion.
The term "parent phytase" or "parent enzyme" refers to a phytase enzyme from which a phytase variant is derived. The parent phytase may be wild phytase or another phytase variant. Specifically, in the present invention, the "parental phytase" may be derived from Citrobacter freundii. Suitably, the "parental phytase" is derived from Citrobacter freundii strain P3-42 as described herein, preferably having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.
(Isolated) In one aspect, preferably the nucleotide or amino acid sequence is isolated. The term "isolated" refers to this sequence as at least substantially containing at least one other component such that the sequence is normally associated in nature and is found in nature. Means not.
(Purified) In one aspect, preferably the nucleotide or amino acid sequence is in purified form. The term "purified" means that this sequence is in a relatively pure state-eg, at least about 90% pure, or at least about 95% or at least about 98% pure.
(Nucleotide sequence) The scope of the invention includes nucleotide sequences encoding enzymes with specific properties as described herein.
As used herein, the term "nucleotide sequence" refers to oligonucleotide sequences, nucleic acids or polynucleotide sequences, as well as variants, homologues, fragments and derivatives thereof (eg, portions thereof). The nucleotide sequence may be of genomic or synthetic or recombinant origin, which may be double-stranded or single-stranded to indicate the sense strand or antisense strand. May be good.
The term "nucleotide sequence" or "nucleic acid molecule" includes genomic DNA, cDNA, synthetic DNA and RNA in this context. Preferably, this means the DNA encoding the present invention, more preferably the cDNA sequence.
In a preferred embodiment, if the nucleotide sequence relates to the scope of the invention, and is embraced by the scope of the invention itself, the natural nucleotide sequence according to the invention is in its natural environment, and naturally. If the sequence is related to (s) and is related to a sequence in its natural environment, it is not included. For ease of reference, we refer to this preferred embodiment as a "non-native nucleotide sequence". In this regard, this "native nucleotide sequence" The term "sequence)" means the entire nucleotide sequence when it is in its natural environment and is operably linked to the entire promoter associated with nature, and this promoter is also in its natural environment. However, the amino acid sequences embraced by the scope of the invention can be isolated and / or purified after expression of the nucleotide sequence in its native organism. However, preferably, the amino acid sequence included by the scope of the invention is expressed by a nucleotide sequence in the native organism, but not under the control of a promoter to which the organism is naturally associated. May be done.
(Preparation of nucleotide sequence) Typically, nucleotide sequences included by the scope of the invention or nucleotide sequences for use in the present invention are prepared using recombinant DNA technology (ie, recombinant DNA). However, in another embodiment of the invention, the nucleotide sequence may be synthesized in whole or in part using chemical methods well known in the art (Caruthers MH et al. (1980) Nuc Acids Res Symp. See Ser 215-23 and Horn T et al. (1980) Nuc Acids Res Symp Ser 225-23).
Nucleotide sequences encoding either enzymes with specific properties as defined herein, or enzymes suitable for modification, have been identified and identified from any cell or organism producing such enzymes. / Or may be isolated and / or purified. Various methods are well known in the art for the identification and / or isolation and / or purification of nucleotide sequences. For example, PCR amplification techniques may be used once to prepare more sequences to identify and / or isolate and / or purify the appropriate sequences.
As a further example, genomic DNA and / or cDNA libraries can be constructed from organisms that produce this enzyme using chromosomal DNA or messenger RNA. If the enzyme's amino acid sequence or part of the enzyme's amino acid sequence is known, labeled oligonucleotide probes are synthesized and used to identify clones encoding the enzyme from genomic libraries prepared from this organism. You may. Alternatively, an enzyme-encoding clone may be identified using a labeled oligonucleotide probe containing a sequence homologous to another known enzyme. In the latter case, low stringency hybridization and wash conditions are used.
Alternatively, the enzyme-encoding clone can be obtained by inserting a fragment of genomic DNA into an expression vector such as a plasmid, transforming an enzyme-negative bacterium with the resulting genomic DNA library, and then this transformed bacterium. May be identified by plating on an agar plate containing the substrate for this enzyme (eg, maltose for galactosidase (maltase) producing enzymes), which allows the identification of clones expressing this enzyme. ..
In yet a further embodiment, the nucleotide sequence encoding this enzyme can be derived from established standard methods, such as the phosphoramidite method described by Beucage SL (1981) Tetrahedron Letters 22, p1859-1869, or Matthes et al. (1984). It may be prepared synthetically by the method described by EMBO J.3, p801-805. In the phosphoramidite method, oligonucleotides are synthesized, for example, in an automated DNA synthesizer, purified, annealed, ligated, and cloned into the appropriate vector.
Nucleotide sequences can be of mixed genomic and synthetic sequences, mixed synthetic and cDNA derived, or mixed genomic and cDNA derived, standard. It may be prepared by ligation of fragments derived from synthesis, genome or cDNA (if necessary) according to the technique. Each linked fragment corresponds to a different portion of the overall nucleotide sequence. DNA sequences are also prepared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers, eg, as described in US Pat. No. 4,683,202, or Saiki RK et al. (Science (1988) 239, pp487-491). You may.
Due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, the nucleotide sequence can be easily generated, where the triplet codon usage has been altered for some or all of the amino acids encoded by the original nucleotide sequence. Generates a nucleotide sequence that is less homologous to the original nucleotide sequence but encodes the same, or modified, amino acid sequence as encoded by the original nucleotide sequence. For example, for most amino acids, the degeneracy of the genetic code is the third position (fluctuation position) in the triplet codon (for reference, Stryer, Lubert, Biochemistry, Third Edition, Freeman Press, ISBN 0-7167- (See 1920-7), therefore, a nucleotide sequence in which all triplets of codons are "wobbled" at the third position is approximately 66% identical to the original nucleotide sequence. However, the modified nucleotide sequence encodes the same or modified primary amino acid sequence as the original nucleotide sequence.
Thus, the invention further has another triplet codon usage of at least one amino acid encoding a triplet codon, but with the same or variant, polypeptide sequence as the polypeptide sequence encoded by the original nucleotide sequence. With respect to any nucleotide sequence encoding.
In addition, certain organisms typically have a bias as triple codons are used to encode amino acids. The preferred codon usage table is widely available and can be used to prepare codon-optimized genes. Such codon optimization techniques are commonly used to optimize the expression of transgenes in heterologous hosts.
(Molecular evolution) Once the enzyme-encoding nucleotide sequence has been isolated and / or purified, or a putative enzyme-encoding nucleotide sequence has been identified, it may be desirable to modify the selected nucleotide sequence. For example, it may be desirable to mutate the sequence to prepare an enzyme with improved stability characteristics according to the present invention.
Mutations may be introduced using synthetic oligonucleotides. These oligonucleotides contain a nucleotide sequence flanking the desired mutation site.
Suitable methods are disclosed in Morinaga et al. (Biotechnology (1984) 2, p646-649). Another method of introducing mutations into the enzyme-encoding nucleotide sequence is described in Nelson and Long (Analytical Biochemistry (1989), 180, p147-151).
Instead of site-specific mutagenesis, randomize mutations using, for example, a commercially available kit, such as Stratagene's GeneMorph PCR mutagenesis kit, or Clontech's Diversify PCR random mutagenesis kit, as described above. It may be introduced.
A third method for obtaining novel sequences is to fragment non-identical nucleotide sequences by using multiple restriction enzymes (s), such as Dnase I, and to encode functional proteins. Reconstructing the complete nucleotide sequence. Alternatively, mutations may be introduced using one or more non-identical nucleotide sequences during the reconstruction of this full-length nucleotide sequence.
Thereby, a large number of site-specific or random mutations in the nucleotide sequence are generated, either in vivo or in vitro, and continued to be screened for improvement in the function of this encoded polypeptide by various means. Is possible.
As a non-limiting example, a variant or natural variant of a polynucleotide sequence may be recombined with a wild type or other variant or a natural variant to produce a novel variant. Such novel variants can also be screened for improved function of the encoded polypeptide. The generation of new preferred variants is carried out by a variety of well-established methods in the art, such as Error Threshold Mutagenesis (WO92 / 18645), Oligonucleotide-mediated random mutagenesis (US patent). No. 5,723,323), DNA shuffling (US Pat. No. 5,605,793), exo-mediated gene assembly (WO0058517) or PCR® Recomnination Chain It can be achieved by Reaction (European Patent No. 1230390 and US Pat. No. 6,821,758). Other suitable methods are described, for example, in WO0134835, WO02 / 097130, WO03 / 012100, WO03 / 057247, WO2004 / 018674, US Pat. No. 6,303,344 and US Pat. No. 6,132,970.
The above applications and similar molecular evolution methods allow the identification and selection of variants of the enzymes of the invention with favorable characteristics without prior art knowledge of protein structure or function, and are unpredictable but informative. Allows the generation of various mutations or variants. There are numerous examples of application of molecular evolution in the art for optimizing or altering enzyme activity, including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: in host cells: Or in vitro optimized expression and / or activity, increased enzyme activity, altered substrate and / or product specificity, increased or decreased stability of the enzyme or structure, favorable environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, etc. Changes in enzyme activity / specificity in the substrate.
(Amino acid sequence) The scope of the invention also includes the amino acid sequences of enzymes with specific properties as defined herein.
As used herein, the term "amino acid sequence" is synonymous with the terms "polypeptide" and / or "protein". In some cases, the term "amino acid sequence" is synonymous with the term "peptide". In some cases, the term "amino acid sequence" is synonymous with "enzyme."
Amino acid sequences may be prepared / isolated from a suitable source, synthetically made, or prepared using recombinant DNA technology.
The enzyme included in the present invention may be used in combination with other enzymes. Accordingly, the invention also includes a combination of enzymes, which combination comprises the enzyme of the invention and another enzyme which may be another enzyme according to the invention. This aspect will be discussed in a later section.
Preferably, this amino acid sequence is not a naturally occurring enzyme if it relates to the scope of the invention, and if it is embraced by the scope of the invention itself. In this regard, the term "native enzyme" means the whole enzyme if it is in its natural environment and is expressed by its natural nucleotide sequence.
(Modified / homolog / derivative) The present invention also includes the use of variants, homologues and derivatives of any amino acid sequence of an enzyme, or of any nucleotide sequence encoding such an enzyme.
Here, the term "homologue" means an entity having a particular homology with an amino acid sequence and a nucleotide sequence. Here, the term "homology" can be equivalent to "identity". Appropriately, "homolog" refers to, in this situation, the percentage of sequence identity between the two enzymes after aligning their sequences using an alignment algorithm, as described in more detail below. Say.
In the context of the present invention, a homologous amino acid sequence can be at least 75, 80, 81, 85 or 90% identical to this sequence, preferably at least 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99% identical amino acids. It shall contain an array. Typically, the homolog contains, for example, the same active site as the amino acid sequence of the present invention. Homology may also be considered in terms of similarity (ie, amino acid residues having similar chemical properties / functions), but in the context of the present invention, homology is expressed in terms of sequence identity. Is preferable.
By "functional fragment" is meant a fragment of a polypeptide that retains the characteristic properties of that polypeptide. In the context of the present invention, a functional fragment of a phytase enzyme is a fragment that retains the ability to cleave whole proteins.
In the context of the invention, the homologous nucleotide sequence is at least 75, 80, 81, 85 or 90% identical to, preferably at least 95, the nucleotide sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention (the sequence of the invention). , 96, 97, 98 or 99% shall contain nucleotide sequences that can be identical. Typically, the homolog comprises the same sequence as the sequence of the invention, which encodes the active site. Homology may also be considered in terms of similarity (ie, amino acid residues having similar chemical properties / functions), but in the context of the present invention, homology is expressed in terms of sequence identity. Is preferable.
For amino acid and nucleotide sequences, homology comparisons may be performed with the naked eye or, more generally, with the help of readily available sequence comparison programs. These commercially available computer programs can calculate% homology between two or more sequences.
% Homology can be calculated across contiguous sequences, i.e. one sequence is aligned with another, and each amino acid in one sequence is directly the corresponding amino acid in another sequence, one residue. It is compared with the group at some point. This is called an "ungapped" alignment. Typically, such non-gap alignment is performed only across a relatively short number of residues.
This is a very simple and consistent method, but for example, in an otherwise identical pair of sequences, one insertion or deletion allows the next amino acid residue to come out of the alignment, which is possible. As for sex, it cannot be taken into account that a large reduction in% homology can occur if the overall alignment is done. As a result, most sequence comparison methods are designed to generate optimal alignments that take into account possible insertions and deletions without unduely compromising the overall homology score. This is achieved by inserting "gaps" in the sequence alignment in an attempt to maximize local homology.
However, these more complex methods assign a "gap penalties" to each gap that produces the alignment, resulting in a sequence alignment with as few gaps as possible for the same number of identical amino acids (comparison of the two). (Reflecting the higher association between sequences) achieves a score higher than 1 in many gaps. Afiine gap costs are typically used, which charge a relatively high cost for the existence of the gap and a smaller penalty for each subsequent residue in the gap. This is the most commonly used gap scoring system. High gap penalties, of course, result in optimized alignments with smaller gaps. Most alignment programs allow the gap penalty to be modified. However, when using such software for sequence comparison, it is preferable to use the default value, eg, GCG Wisconsin. When using the Bestfit package, the default gap penalty for amino acid sequences is -12 for the gap and -4 for each extension.
Therefore, the calculation of the maximum% homology first requires the generation of an optimal alignment that takes into account the gap penalty. A suitable computer program for such alignment is the GCG Wisconsin Bestfit package (Devereux et al., 1984 Nuc. Acids Research 12 p387). Examples of other software that can perform sequence comparisons include, but are not limited to, the BLAST package (Ausubel et al., 1999 Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, 4th Edition, Chapter 18), FASTA (Altschul et al., 1990 J. Mol. Biol.403 ~ 410) and the GENEWORKS suite of comparison tools. Both BLAST and FASTA are available for offline and online searches (see Ausubel et al., 1999, Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, pp. 7-58-7-60).
However, for some applications it is preferable to use the GCG Bestfit program. A new tool called BLAST 2 Sequence is also available for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences (FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999 174 (2): 247 ~ 50; FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999 177 (1): 187 ~ 8 and tatiana@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
The final% homology can be measured for identity, but the alignment process itself is typically not based on an all-or-nothing pair comparison. Instead, a measured similarity score matrix is commonly used, which assigns a score to each pairwise comparison based on chemical similarity or evolutionary distance. An example of such a commonly used matrix is the BLOSUM62 matrix (default matrix for program BLAST sweets). GCG Wisconsin programs generally use either official default values or custom symbol comparison tables when supplied (see the user manual for further details). For some applications, it is preferable to use the official default value for the GCG package, or in the case of other software, the default matrix, eg BLOSUM62.
Alternatively, the percentage homology is DNASIS based on an algorithm similar to CLUSTAL (Higgins DG & Sharp PM (1988), Gene 73 (1), 237 ~ 244).<sup>TM</sup>Can be calculated using multiple alignment features in (Hitachi Software).
Once the software has generated the optimal alignment, it is preferable to calculate% homology, preferably% sequence identity. The software typically does this as part of the sequence comparison and obtains the calculation results.
This sequence may also have deletions, insertions or substitutions of amino acid residues that result in silent changes and yield functionally equivalent substances. Intentional amino acid substitutions can be made based on similarities in amino acid properties (eg, polarity, charge, solubility, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity and / or amphipathic properties of residues), thus placing amino acids in functional groups. Useful for grouping together. Amino acids may be grouped together based on the properties of their side chains alone. However, it is even more useful to include mutational data as well. The set of amino acids thus derived is considered conservative for structural reasons. These sets can be described in the form of Venn diagrams (Livingstone CD and Barton GJ (1993) "Protein sequence alignments: a strategy for the hierarchical analysis of residue conservation" Comput.Appl Biosci. 9: 745 ~ 756 (Taylor) WR (1986) "The Classification of amino acid conservation" J.Theor.Biol.119; 205 ~ 218). Conservative substituents may be made, for example, according to the table below, which describes the generally accepted Venn diagram grouping of amino acids.
<chemistry num="6"><img id="000009" he="65" wi="122" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry> The present invention also includes conservative or homologous substituents or mutations (both substitutions and substitutions are used herein as meaning the exchange of an existing amino acid residue with another residue). This can result in homologous vs. homologous substitutions. Thus, the term "conservative mutation" refers to an amino acid mutation that one of ordinary skill in the art considers to be conservative for the first mutation. By "conservative" in this context is meant to be conservative or invariant with respect to amino acid characteristics. For example, if the mutation results in the substitution of an aromatic amino acid residue (eg, Tyr) with an aliphatic amino acid residue (eg, Leu) at a particular location, then a different aliphatic amino acid (eg, Ile or Val). Substitution at the same position in is called a conservative mutation. Further amino acid characteristics include residue size, hydrophobicity, polarity, charge, pK value and other amino acid characteristics known in the art. Therefore, conservative mutations can include substitutions such as base-to-base, acid-to-acid, polarity-to-polarity, and the like.
Non-conservative substitutions may occur, i.e. from one class of residues, another or non-natural amino acid, such as ornithine (hereinafter referred to herein as Z), ornithine diaminobutyrate (in the present specification). Includes substitutions with (hereinafter referred to as B), norleucine ornithine (hereinafter referred to as O herein), pyriylalanine, thienylalanine, naphthylalanine and phenylglycine.
The replacement may also be done with non-natural amino acids.
The modified amino acid sequence may be inserted between any two amino acid residues of a sequence containing an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl or propyl group in addition to an amino acid spacer such as a glycine or β-alanine residue. May include a spacer group. Further forms of variation involve the presence of one or more amino acid residues in peptoid form and are well understood by those of skill in the art. For the avoidance of doubt, the term "peptoid form" is used to refer to a modified amino acid residue, the α-carbon substituent being on the nitrogen atom of the residue rather than the α-carbon. Processes for preparing peptides in peptoid form are known in the art. For example, Simon RJ et al., PNAS (1992) 89 (20), 9376-9371 and Horwell DC, Trends Biotechnol. (1995) 13 (4), 132-134.
(Nomenclature) In the present invention, the conventional one-letter and three-letter codes for amino acid residues are used. For ease of reference, mutations in enzyme variants are described by using the following nomenclature: amino acid residues in the parent enzyme; positions; substituted amino acid residues (s). According to this nomenclature, for example, the substitution of an alanine residue with a glycine residue at position 20 is indicated as Ala20Gly or A20G. Deletion of alanine at the same location is Ala20<sup>*</sup>Or A20<sup>*</sup>Shown as. Insertion of additional amino acid residues (eg, glycine) is indicated as Ala20AlaGly or A20AG. Deletions of continuous stretches of amino acid residues (eg, between alanine at position 20 and glycine at position 21) are indicated as Δ (Ala20-Gly21) or Δ (A20-G21). If the parent enzyme sequence contains a deletion compared to the enzyme sequence used for numbering, the insertion at such a position (eg, alanine at deletion position 20) is<sup>*</sup>20 Ala or<sup>*</sup>Shown as 20A. Multiple mutations are separated by a plus sign or slash. For example, the two mutations at positions 20 and 21 where alanine and glutamic acid are replaced with glycine and serine are shown as A20G + E21S or A20G / E21S, respectively. If the amino acid residue at a given position is replaced by two or more other amino acid residues, these residues are separated by commas or slashes. For example, the substitution of alanine at position 30 with either glycine or glutamic acid is indicated as A20G, E or A20G / E, or A20G, A20E. It is understood that any amino acid residue can be replaced with an amino acid residue present at this position if a suitable position for modification is identified herein without any particular modification suggested. Should be. Thus, for example, if the modification of alanine at position 20 is mentioned but not specified, alanine may be deleted or any other amino acid residue (ie, R, N, D, C, Q, E, It should be understood that it may be replaced by any one of G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, V).
Nucleotide sequences for use in the present invention may include synthesized or modified nucleotides within them. A number of different types of modifications to oligonucleotides are known in the art. These include the addition of an acridine or polylysine chain at the 3'and / or 5'terminal positions of the methylphosphonate and phosphorothioate backbones and / or their molecules. For the purposes of the present invention, it should be understood that the nucleotide sequences described herein may be modified by any method available in the art. Such modifications can be made to enhance the in vivo activity or longevity of the nucleotide sequences of the invention.
The present invention also includes the use of nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the sequences presented herein, or any derivative, fragment or derivative thereof. If this sequence is complementary to the fragment, then the sequence can be used as a probe to identify similar coding sequences in other organisms and the like.
Polynucleotides that are not 100% homologous to the sequences of the invention but fall within the scope of the invention can be obtained in a number of ways. Other variants of the sequences described herein can be obtained, for example, by probing DNA libraries made from a range of individuals, such as individuals from different populations. In addition, other homologs can be obtained, and such homologs and fragments thereof generally hybridize selectively to the sequences shown in the sequences listed herein. obtain. Such sequences probe cDNA libraries made from other species or genomic DNA libraries from other species, and such libraries are attached under moderate to high stringency conditions. It can be obtained by probing with a probe that includes all or part of any one sequence in the sequence listing of. Similar studies are added to the resulting species homologues and allelic variants of the polypeptides or nucleotide sequences of the invention.
Variants and strain / species homologues may also be obtained using degenerate PCR, which is a variant and homologue encoding a conserved amino acid sequence within the sequences of the invention. Use primers designed to target the sequences within. Conserved sequences can be predicted, for example, by aligning amino acid sequences from several variants / homologs. Sequence alignment may be performed using computer software known in the art. For example, the GCG Wisconsin PileUp program is widely used.
Primers used in degennerate PCR contain one or more degenerate positions and are lower string than the conditions used to clone a sequence with a single sequence primer for a known sequence. Used in genomic conditions.
Alternatively, such polynucleotides can be obtained by site-specific mutagenesis of the characterized sequences. This can be useful, for example, when silent codon sequence changes are required to optimize codon priority for the particular host cell in which this polynucleotide sequence is expressed. Other sequence changes may be desired to introduce restriction enzyme recognition sites or to alter the properties or functions of the polypeptide encoded by this polynucleotide.
The polynucleotides (nucleotide sequences) of the invention are labeled with manifestation labels by conventional means using primers such as PCR primers, primers for another amplification reaction, probes such as radioactive or non-radioactive labels. It may be used to generate a probe, or the polynucleotide may be cloned into a vector. Such primers, probes and other fragments are at least 15, preferably at least 20, such as at least 25, 30 or 40 nucleotides in length, and also as used herein, the term polynucleotide of the invention. Included by.
The polynucleotides according to the invention, such as DNA polynucleotides and probes, may be produced recombinantly, synthetically or by any method available to those of skill in the art. They may also be cloned by standard techniques.
Generally, primers are produced by synthetic methods. This means involves the stepwise production of the desired nucleic acid sequence at one nucleotide at a given point in time. Techniques for achieving this using automated techniques are readily available in the art.
Longer polynucleotides are generally produced using recombinant methods, such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) cloning techniques. This primer can be designed to contain the appropriate restriction enzyme recognition sites so that the amplified DNA can be cloned into the appropriate cloning vector.
(Biologically active) Preferably, such variant sequences and the like are at least as biologically active as the sequences presented herein.
As used herein, "biologically active" refers to similar structural functions (but not necessarily to the same extent) of naturally occurring sequences, and / or similar regulatory functions. (However, it does not have to be the same degree), and / or a sequence having a similar biological function (but not necessarily the same degree).
In particular, the variant sequence or a variant thereof has an enzymatic profile similar to the profile of phytase identified herein. The profile is that it is a secretory protein, has optimal pH conditions in the pH range of 2 to 5.5, preferably 3.0 to 3.5, retains at least 50% of maximum activity across the pH range of 2.0 to 5.5, and Features such as / or having a specific activity exceeding 1000 U / mg can be mentioned.
(Hybridization) The invention also includes sequences that can hybridize to either sequences that are complementary to the nucleic acid sequences of the invention, or sequences that are complementary to or to the sequences of the invention. ..
As used herein, the term "hybridisation" is used in "the process by which nucleic acid strands bind to complementary strands through base pairs" and in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Includes amplification process.
The present invention also includes the use of nucleotide sequences capable of hybridizing to sequences that are complementary to the sequences presented herein, or any derivatives, fragments or derivatives thereof.
The term "variant" also includes sequences that are complementary to sequences that can hybridize to the nucleotide sequences presented herein.
Preferably, the term "variant" refers to conditions that are stringent to the nucleotide sequences presented herein (eg, 50 ° C and 0.2 × SSC {1 × SSC = 0.15M NaCl, 0.015M citric acid / Na<sub>3</sub> Includes sequences that are complementary to sequences that can hybridize under pH 7.0}).
More preferably, the term "modified" refers to conditions that are highly stringent with respect to the nucleotide sequences presented herein (eg, 65 ° C and 0.1 × SSC {1 × SSC = 0.15M NaCl, 0.015M). Citric acid / Na<sub>3</sub> Includes sequences that are complementary to sequences that can hybridize under pH 7.0}).
The present invention also relates to nucleotide sequences that can hybridize to the nucleotide sequences of the present invention, including complementary sequences of the nucleotide sequences presented herein.
The present invention also relates to nucleotide sequences that are complementary to sequences that can hybridize to the nucleotide sequences of the invention, including complementary sequences of the nucleotide sequences presented herein. Also included within the scope of the invention are polynucleotide sequences that can hybridize to the nucleotide sequences presented herein under moderate to maximum stringency conditions.
In a preferred aspect, the invention includes nucleotide sequences that can hybridize to the nucleotide sequences of the invention, or complements thereof, under stringent conditions (eg, 50 ° C and 0.2 × SSC).
In a more preferred aspect, the invention includes nucleotide sequences that can hybridize to the nucleotide sequences of the invention, or complements thereof, under highly stringent conditions (eg, 65 ° C and 0.1 × SSC). ..
(Site-specific mutagenesis) Once the enzyme-encoding nucleotide sequence has been isolated and / or purified, or a putative enzyme-encoding nucleotide sequence has been identified, it may be desirable to mutate the sequence to prepare the enzymes of the invention.
Mutations may be introduced using synthetic oligonucleotides. These oligonucleotides contain a nucleotide sequence flanking the desired mutation site.
Suitable methods are disclosed in Morinaga et al. (Biotechnology (1984) 2, p646-649). Another method of introducing mutations into the enzyme-encoding nucleotide sequence is described in Nelson and Long (Analytical Biochemistry (1989), 180, p147-151). Further methods are described in Sarkar and Sommer (Biotechniques (1990), 8, p404-407-"The megaprimer method of site directed mutagenesis").
(Recombinant) In one aspect, the sequence for use in the present invention is a recombinant sequence (ie, a sequence prepared using recombinant DNA technology).
These recombinant DNA techniques are within the capabilities of those skilled in the art. Such techniques are described in the literature, eg, J. Sambrook, EFFritsch, and T. Maniatis, 1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition, Books 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
(Synthesis) In one aspect, the sequence for use in the present invention is a synthetic sequence-ie, a sequence prepared by in vitro chemical or enzymatic synthesis. This includes, but is not limited to, sequences made by optimal codon usage for host organisms-eg, the methylotrophic yeasts Pichia and Hansenula.
(Expression of enzyme) Nucleotide sequences for use in the present invention may be incorporated into recombinant replication vectors. Vectors can be used to replicate and express nucleotide sequences in the form of enzymes in and / or from compatible host cells.
Expression can be controlled using a regulatory sequence, eg, a regulatory sequence.
The enzyme produced by the host recombinant cell upon expression of the nucleotide sequence may be secreted or contained intracellularly depending on the sequence and / or vector used. The coding sequence can be designed with a signal sequence that enhances the direct secretion of the substance coding sequence through the cell membrane of a particular prokaryote or eukaryote.
Advantageously, the enzymes of the invention are secreted.
(Expression vector) The terms "plasmid", "vector system" or "expression vector" mean constructs that can be expressed in vivo or in vitro. In the context of the present invention, these constructs can be used to introduce a gene encoding an enzyme into a host cell. Suitably, genes whose expression is induced may be referred to as "expressible transgenes."
Preferably, the expression vector is introduced into the genome of a suitable host organism. The term "incorporated" preferably includes proper integration into the genome.
The nucleotide sequences described herein, including the nucleotide sequences of the invention, may be present in the vector, in which the nucleotide sequence may provide expression of the nucleotide sequence by a suitable host organism. Operatively linked to the regulatory sequence.
Vectors for use in the present invention may be transformed into suitable host cells as described below to provide expression of the polypeptides of the present invention.
The choice of vector, eg, plasmid, cosmid or phage vector, often depends on the host cell to be introduced.
Vectors for use in the present invention may contain one or more selectable marker genes-eg, genes that confer antibiotic resistance, such as ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol or tetramycin resistance. Alternatively, selection can be achieved by co-transformation (as described in WO 91/17243).
The vector may be used in vitro, for example, for the production of RNA, or for transfection, transformation, transduction or infection of host cells.
Thus, in a further embodiment, the invention introduces the nucleotide sequence of the invention into a replication vector, introduces the vector into a suitable host cell, and proliferates the host cell under conditions that result in replication of the vector. Thereby, a method for producing the nucleotide sequence of the present invention is provided.
The vector may further contain a nucleotide sequence capable of replicating the vector in the host cell of interest. Examples of such sequences are the origins of replication of the plasmids pUC19, pACYC177, pUB110, pE194, pAMB1, pIJ702 and pET11.
(Regulatory sequence) In some applications, the nucleotide sequence for use in the present invention is operably linked to a regulatory sequence that may provide expression of the nucleotide sequence, such as by a selected host cell. As an example, the invention includes a vector comprising the nucleotide sequence of the invention operably linked to such a regulatory sequence, i.e. a vector that is an expression vector.
The term "operably linked" means proximity, which is a relationship that allows the described components to function in the intended manner. Regulatory sequences that are "operably linked" to a coding sequence are linked in such a way that expression of this coding sequence is achieved under conditions compatible with the control sequence.
The term "regulatory sequences" includes promoters, enhancers, and other expression regulatory signals.
The term "promotor" is used in the normal sense of the art. For example, the RNA polymerase binding site.
Enhanced expression of the nucleotide sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention can also be achieved by selection of heterologous regulatory regions such as promoter, secretory leader and terminator regions.
Preferably, the nucleotide sequence according to the invention is operably linked to at least one promoter.
Examples of promoters suitable for directing transcription of nucleotide sequences in a bacterial, fungal or yeast host are well known in the art.
(Structure) The term "construct" is synonymous with terms such as "conjugate," "cassette," and "hybrid," and binds directly or indirectly to the promoter. Includes nucleotide sequences for use according to the present invention.
An example of indirect binding is the supply of a suitable spacer group, eg, an intron sequence, eg, Sh1-intron or ADH intron, which mediates the promoter and nucleotide sequences of the invention. The same applies to the term "fused" in the present invention, including direct or indirect binding. In some cases, the term does not include natural combinations of protein-encoding nucleotide sequences that are normally associated with wild-type gene promoters, if they are both in their natural environment.
The construct may contain or express a marker that allows selection of the gene construct.
For some applications, preferably the construct of the invention comprises at least the nucleotide sequence of the invention operably linked to a promoter.
(Host cell) The term "host cell" is used in the present invention to be any cell containing either a nucleotide sequence or an expression vector as described above and having specific properties as defined herein. Includes any cell used in the recombinant production of an enzyme having or in the methods of the invention.
Accordingly, a further embodiment of the invention provides a host cell transformed or transfected with a nucleotide sequence expressing the enzyme described in the invention. The cells are selected to be compatible with this vector and may be, for example, prokaryotic (eg, bacterial), fungal, yeast or plant cells. Preferably, the host cell is not a human cell.
Examples of suitable bacterial host organisms are Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterial species.
Depending on the nature of the nucleotide sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention and / or the desire for further treatment of the expressed protein, a eukaryotic host, such as yeast or other fungus, may be preferred. In general, yeast cells are preferred over fungal cells. Because they are easier to operate. However, some proteins are less secreted by yeast cells or, in some cases, not properly processed (eg, hyperglycosylation in yeast). In these cases, various fungal host organisms must be selected.
Post-translational modifications (eg, miristylation, glycosylation, cleavage, lapidation and tyrosine, serine or threonine phosphorylation), by use of appropriate host cells (eg, yeast, fungal and plant host cells). It may be provided where it may be necessary to confer optimal biological activity on the recombinant expression product of the invention.
The host cell may be protease deficient or protease-minus strain.
The genotype of the host cell can be modified to improve expression.
Examples of host cell modifications include protease deficiency, rare tRNA replacement, and modification of the reduction potential in the cytoplasm to enhance disulfide bond formation.
For example, the host cell E. coli overexpresses rare tRNAs, as exemplified / described in Kane (Curr Opin Biotechnol (1995), 6,494-5000 "Effects of rare codon clusters on high-level expression of expression of". heterologous proteins in E. coli "), which can improve the expression of heterologous proteins. Host cells may be deficient in multiple reductases, thereby as exemplified / described in Bessette (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1999), 96, 13703-13708, "Efficient folding of proteins with multiple". disulphide bonds in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm ") Supports the formation of appropriate disulfide bonds.
In one embodiment, host cells in the context of the present invention include cells that can be added directly to animal feed.
(Organism) The term "organism" refers to the expression of a nucleotide sequence encoding an enzyme as described in the present invention and / or a product obtained thereof, and / or a nucleotide sequence according to the present invention, with respect to the present invention. Includes any organism, including promoters that may be possible if present in the organism.
Suitable organisms may include prokaryotes, fungi, yeasts or plants.
The term "transgenic organism", in this context, refers to a nucleotide sequence encoding an enzyme as described in the present invention and / or a product obtained thereof, and / or a nucleotide sequence according to the present invention. Includes any organism, including promoters that may allow expression within this organism. Preferably, the nucleotide sequence is integrated into the genome of the organism.
The term "transgenic organism" does not include natural nucleotide coding sequences in their natural environment if they are also under the control of their natural promoters in their natural environment.
Thus, the transgenic organism of the invention is a nucleotide sequence encoding an enzyme described in the invention, a construct according to the invention, a vector according to the invention, a plasmid according to the invention, a cell according to the invention, a tissue according to the invention, or Includes organisms containing any one of their products, or a combination thereof.
For example, transgenic organisms may also contain nucleotide sequences encoding the enzymes of the invention under the control of heterologous promoters.
(Transformation of host cell / organism) As previously shown, the host organism may be a prokaryotic or eukaryotic organism. Examples of suitable prokaryotic hosts include E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.
Teachings on transformation of prokaryotic hosts are well documented in the art, eg, Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press). Other suitable methods are set forth in the examples herein. If a prokaryotic host is used, the nucleotide sequence may need to be appropriately modified prior to transformation, such as by removal of introns.
Filamentous fungal cells can be transformed using various methods known in the art, such as processes involving protoplast formation and protoplast transformation followed by cell wall regeneration in known methods. The use of Aspergillus as a host microorganism is described in European Patent 0238023.
Another host organism can be a plant. An overview of the common techniques used to transform plants is given in Potrykus (Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol [1991] 42: 205-225) and Christou (Agron-Food-Industry Hi-Tech March / April 1994 17). It can be found in the literature according to ~ 27). Further techniques for plant transformation can be found in EP-A-0449375.
General techniques for the transformation of fungi, yeasts and plants are shown in the following sections.
(Transformed fungus) The host organism may be a fungus, such as a filamentous fungus. Examples of suitable such hosts include Thermomyces, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, Trichoderma, etc. Any member belonging to the genus of can be mentioned.
Teachings on filamentous fungal transformation are outlined in US-A-5741665, stating that standard techniques for filamentous fungal transformation and fungal culture are well known in the art. ing. An extensive overview of techniques such as those applied to N. Crassa can be found, for example, in Davis and de Serres, Methods Enzymol (1971) 17A: 79-143.
Further teachings for transforming filamentous fungi are outlined in US-A-5674707.
In one aspect, the host organism may be of the genus Aspergillus, eg, Aspergillus niger.
Transgenic Aspergillus according to the present invention is also described, for example, in Turner G.1994 (Vectors for genetic manipulation.In: Martinelli SD, Kinghorn JR (editor) Aspergillus: 50 years on.Progress in industrial microbiology vol 29.Elsevier Amsterdam 1994.pp. It may be prepared according to the teaching of .641 to 666).
Gene expression in filamentous fungi is outlined in Punt et al. (2002) Trends Biotechnol 2002 May; 20 (5): 200-6, Archer & Peberdy Crit Rev Biotechnol (1997) 17 (4): 273-306.
(Transformed yeast) In another embodiment, the transgenic organism may be yeast.
An overview of the principles of heterologous gene expression in yeast is provided, for example, in Methods Mol Biol (1995), 49: 341-54, and Curr Opin Biotechnol (1997) Oct; 8 (5) 554-60.
In this regard, for example, the species Saccharomyces cerevisi or Pichia pastoris (see FEMS Microbiol Rev (2000 24 (1): 45-66)) can be used as vehicles for heterologous gene expression.
An overview of the principles of heterologous gene expression and gene product secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is given by E Hinchcliffe E Kenny (1993, "Yeast as a vehicle for the expression of heterologous genes", Yeasts, Volume 5, Anthony H Rose and J Stuart Harrison. Hen, 2nd Edition, Academic Press Ltd.).
Several transformation protocols have been developed for yeast transformation. For example, the transgenic Saccharomyces according to the present invention are taught by Hinnen et al. (1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 75,1929); Beggs, JD (1978, Nature, London, 275,104); and Ito, H et al. It may be prepared according to (1983, J Bacteriology 153,163 ~ 168).
The transformed yeast cells may be selected using a variety of selective markers, such as auxotrophic marker-dominant antibiotic resistance markers.
(Transformed plant / plant cell) A suitable host organism for the present invention may be a plant. An overview of common techniques can be found in the literature by Potrykus (Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol [1991] 42: 205-225) and Christou (Agro-Food-Industry Hi-Tech March / April 1994 17-27). Can be done.
(Culture and production) Host cells transformed with the nucleotide sequences of the invention can be cultured under conditions that result in the production of the encoded enzyme and facilitate the recovery of the enzyme from the cells and / or culture medium.
The medium used for culturing the cells may be any conventional medium suitable for growing the host cell in question and obtaining expression of this enzyme.
The proteins produced by the recombinant cells can be presented on the surface of the cells.
The enzyme may be secreted from the host cell and conveniently recovered from the culture medium using well-known procedures.
(secretion) It may be desired that the enzyme be secreted from the expression host into the culture medium, from which the enzyme can be recovered more easily. According to the present invention, the secretory leader sequence can be selected based on the desired expression host. Hybrid signal sequences may also be used in the context of the present invention.
Typical examples of heterologous secretory leader sequences are the fungal amylose glucosidase (AG) gene (glaA-both 18 and 24 amino acid versions from Aspergillus, eg), the alpha factor gene (yeast, eg, Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces and). It is a sequence derived from Hansenula) or the α-amylase gene (Bacillus).
For example, the secretion of heterologous proteins in E. coli is outlined in Methods Enzymol (1990) 182: 132-43.
(detection) Various protocols for detecting and measuring the expression of amino acid sequences are known in the art. Examples include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and fluorescence activated cell fractionation (FACS).
A wide variety of labeling and binding techniques are known to those of skill in the art and can be used in a variety of nucleic acid and amino acid assays.
Numerous companies such as Pharmacia Biotech (Piscataway, NJ), Promega (Madison, WI) and US Biochemical Corp (Cleveland, OH) supply off-the-shelf kits and protocols for these procedures.
Suitable reporter molecules or labels include their radionuclides, enzymes, fluorescent agents, chemiluminescent agents, or dye-producing agents, as well as substrates, cofactors, inhibitors, magnetic particles and the like. Patents that teach the use of such labels include US-A-3,817,837; US-A-3,850,752; US-A-3,9939,350; US-A-3,996,345; US-A-4,277,437; US-A. -4,275,149 and US-A-4,366,241.
Recombinant immunoglobulins may also be produced as shown in US-A-4,816,567.
Other suitable assays for detecting phytase activity are known in the art and exemplified herein.
(Fusion protein) Amino acid sequences for use in accordance with the present invention can be produced, for example, as fusion proteins to aid in extraction and purification. Examples of fusion protein partners include glutathione-S-transferase (GST), 6 × His, GAL4 (DNA binding and / or transcriptional activation domain) and (β-galactosidase). It may also be convenient to include a proteolytic cleavage site between the fusion protein partner and the sequence of the protein of interest to allow removal of the fusion protein sequence.
Preferably, the fusion protein does not interfere with the activity of the protein sequence.
The gene fusion expression system in E. coli is outlined in Curr Opin Biotechnol (1995) 6 (5): 501-6.
In another embodiment of the invention, the amino acid sequence can be linked to a heterologous sequence encoding a fusion protein. For example, in order to screen a peptide library of factors that can affect the activity of a substance, it may be useful to encode a chimeric substance that expresses a heterologous epitope recognized by a commercially available antibody.
(Additional array) Sequences for use according to the invention can also be used in combination with one or more additional proteins of interest (POI) or nucleotide sequences of interest (NOIs).
Non-limiting examples of POIs include: xylanase, lipase, acid phosphatase and / or others. These include, for example, enzymes that regulate the viscosity of feed. The NOI may even be an antisense sequence for any of these sequences.
The POI may even be a fusion protein that assists in extraction and purification, or enhances phytate metabolism in vivo, for example.
The POI may even be fused to the secretory sequence.
Other sequences can also facilitate secretion or increase the yield of secreted POI. Such a sequence may encode a chaperone protein, for example, as in the production of the Aspergillus niger cyp B gene described in UK patent application 9821198.0.
The NOI encoding the POI may be engineered to alter its activity for a number of reasons, including but not limited to alterations in the processing and / or expression of its expression product. As a further example, NOI may also be modified to optimize expression in a particular host cell. Other sequence changes may be desired to introduce restriction enzyme recognition sites.
The NOI encoding the POI may include synthetic or modified nucleotides such as methylphosphonate and phosphorothioate scaffolds therein.
The NOI encoding the POI may be modified to increase intracellular stability and half-life. Possible modifications include, but are not limited to, the addition of adjacent sequences at the 5'and / or 3'ends of the molecule, or the use of phosphorothioates or 2'O-methyl other than phosphodiesterase binding within the backbone of this molecule. Can be mentioned.
(antibody) One aspect of the invention relates to an amino acid that is immunologically reactive with the amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 3.
Antibodies can be produced by standard techniques, for example, by immunization with a substance of the invention, or by using a phage display library.
For the purposes of the present invention, the term "antibody" is, but not limited to, polyclonal antibodies, chimerics, single chains, Fab fragments, fragments generated by Fab expression libraries, and the like, unless otherwise specified. Includes imitations. Such fragments include whole antibody fragments that retain their binding activity for the target substance, Fv, F (ab') and F (ab').<sub>2</sub>Fragments, as well as single chain antibodies (scFv), fusion proteins and other synthetic proteins, including proteins that contain the antigen binding site of the antibody. Furthermore, the antibody and fragments thereof may be humanized antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies, ie, antibodies that inhibit the biological activity of the polypeptide as a substance, are particularly preferred for diagnosis and treatment.
If a polyclonal antibody is desired, selected mammals (eg, mice, rabbits, goats, horses, etc.) are immunized with the sequences of the invention (or sequences containing their immunological epitopes). Depending on the species of the host, various adjuvants may be used to increase the immunological response.
Serum from immunized animals is collected and processed according to known procedures. If a serum containing a polyclonal antibody against the sequence of the present invention (or a sequence containing an immunological epitope thereof) contains an antibody against another antigen, this polyclonal antibody can be purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Techniques for producing and processing polyclonal antisera are known in the art. In order for such antibodies to be made, the invention also comprises haptenized fragments of the polypeptide of the invention or another polypeptide for use as an immunogen in an animal or human. provide.
Monoclonal antibodies (or sequences containing immunological epitopes thereof) for the sequences of the invention can also be readily generated by those skilled in the art, including but not limited to hybridoma techniques (Koehler and Milstein 1975 Nature 256: 495). ~ 497), Human B-cell hybridoma technology (Kosbor et al. (1983) Immunol Today 4:72; Cote et al. (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci 80: 2026 ~ 2030) and EBV-hybridoma technology (Cole et al. (1985) Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan Rickman Liss Inc, pp77 ~ 96).
In addition, a technique developed for the production of "chimeric antibodies" was used to obtain molecules with appropriate antigen specificity and biological activity by splicing mouse antibody genes against human antibody genes. May (Morrison et al., (1984) Proc Natl Acad Sci 81: 6851 ~ 6855; Neuberger et al. (1984) Nature 312: 604 ~ 608; Takeda et al. (1985) Nature 314: 452 ~ 454).
Alternatively, the techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies (US Pat. No. 4,946,779) may be adapted for the production of substance-specific single chain antibodies.
Antibody fragments containing specific binding sites for this material can also be produced. For example, such fragments can be, but not limited to, produced by pepsin digestion of antibody molecules with F (ab').<sub>2</sub>Fragment, and F (ab')<sub>2</sub>Examples include Fab fragments that can be produced by reducing the disulfide bridges of the fragments. Alternatively, the Fab expression library may be constructed to allow rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments with the desired properties (Huse WD et al. (1989) Science 256: 12751281).
(Large-scale application) In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the amino acid sequence encoding the phytase from C. freundii or the method of the invention is used for large-scale application. In particular, the methods of the invention can be used for the large-scale production of phytase for industrial use as an additive / supplement to a food or feed composition.
Preferably, this amino acid sequence is produced in an amount of 5 g to about 10 g per liter of total cell culture volume after culturing the host organism.
Preferably, this amino acid sequence is produced in an amount of 100 mg to about 90 mg per liter of total cell culture volume after culturing the host organism.
Preferably, this amino acid sequence is produced in an amount of 250 mg to about 500 mg per liter of total cell culture volume after culturing the host organism.
(Use of phytase) As mentioned above, the invention also relates to the production of phytase as described herein.
In particular, the invention also relates to the use of amino acid sequences as disclosed herein in the production of organic and inorganic phosphate compounds.
Accordingly, the present invention further relates to the use of a phytase-encoding nucleotide sequence in producing an expression vector or expression system for the expression of phytase.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of such expression vectors or expression systems in the production of host cells expressing phytase.
The invention further relates to the use of modified host cells in the production of precursors of organic and inorganic phosphate compounds, or in the production of certain organic phosphate compounds.
Suitable organic and inorganic phosphate compounds include myo-inositol pentaphosphate, tetraphosphate, triphosphate, diphosphate and monophosphate.
Accordingly, appropriately, the present invention provides a method of producing an organic phosphate compound, which method comprises the step of treating a phytate with a phytase derived from Citrobacter freundii. Preferably, the method is characterized in that the enzyme comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence having at least 75% identity (homology) to it, or a valid fragment thereof, or a modified form thereof. Can be attached. Suitable, the organic phosphate is myo-inositol diphosphate, triphosphate, tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate phytates or all possible steric isomers. Other suitable organic phosphates include inositol-tetraphosphate and inositol oligophosphate. In a preferred embodiment, the method is an in vivo biotechnology process.
Such a method for producing an organophosphate compound may appropriately include the following steps: a) With the step of providing a host cell containing an expressible transgene containing C. freundii phytase; b) With the step of culturing transgenic organisms under appropriate conditions for transgene expression; c) With the step of recovering the organophosphate compound from the culture; This compound can be used for a number of applications, including assays for phytase characterization. Some inositol phosphates are included as signal molecules in intracellular regulation and can be used as compounds in the study.
In another aspect, methods for the production of food or animal feed are provided. Animal feed is typically produced in a feed grinder, where the raw material is first ground to the appropriate particle size and then mixed with the appropriate additives. The feed may then be produced as mashes or pellets; the latter typically includes a method in which the temperature is raised to target levels and then the feed is passed through a mold to produce pellets of a particular size. .. Subsequently, liquid additives such as fats and enzymes may be added. The pellets are cooled prior to shipping. Animal feed production may also include additional steps including extrusion or swelling prior to pelletization.
Accordingly, the present invention further provides the use of a host cell expressing a phytase-encoding amino acid sequence or phytase to produce phytase for use in the production of food or feed products. One aspect provides the use of amino acid sequences as described herein in the production of food or feed products. In another aspect, the use of host cells according to the present invention in the production of food or feed products is provided. In another aspect, the use of expression vectors or expression systems according to the present invention in the production of food or feed products is provided.
The present invention also includes the use of enzymes as components of feed in combination with other components for delivery to animals.
(Combination with other ingredients) The enzyme of the present invention may be used in combination with other components or carriers.
Suitable carriers for feed enzymes include wheat (coarse grind). In addition, there are a number of encapsulation techniques, including capsules based on fat / wax coatings with the addition of vegetable rubber and the like.
Examples of other ingredients include one or more of the following: thickeners, gelling agents, emulsifiers, binders, crystal modifiers, sweeteners (including artificial sweeteners), fluidity: Rheology modifiers, stabilizers, antioxidants, pigments, enzymes, carriers, vehicles, excipients, diluents, lubricants, flavors, colorants, suspending agents, disintegrants, granule binders, etc. These other ingredients may be natural. These other components can be prepared by the use of chemical and / or enzymatic techniques.
As used herein, the term "thickner or gelling agent" slows or prevents the movement of particles, immiscible liquid droplets, air or insoluble solids. A product that prevents separation by doing so.
As used herein, a "stabiliser" is defined as an ingredient or combination of ingredients that retains a product (eg, food) from changes over time.
As used herein, the term "emulsifier" refers to an ingredient that prevents the separation of an emulsion (eg, a food ingredient).
As used herein, the term "binder" refers to an ingredient that binds products together through a physical or chemical reaction (eg, a food ingredient).
As used herein, the term "crystal modifier" refers to an ingredient that affects the crystallization of fat or water (eg, a food ingredient).
"Carriers" or "vehicles" means substances suitable for compound administration and are non-toxic and do not interact with any component of the composition in a detrimental manner. , Any such substance known in the art, such as any liquid, gel, solvent, liquid diluent, solubilizer and the like.
Examples of nutritionally acceptable carriers include cereals, water, salt solutions, alcohols, silicones, waxes, petrolatum, vegetable oils and the like.
Examples of excipients include one or more of the following: microcrystalline cellulose and other celluloses, lactose, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, calcium dibasic phosphate, glycine, starch, lactose and high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
Examples of disintegrants include one or more of the following: starch (preferably corn starch, potato starch, or tapioca starch), sodium carboxymethyl starch, sodium croscarmellose and certain complex silicates.
Examples of granule binders include one or more of the following: polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), sucrose, maltose, gelatin and acacia.
Examples of lubricants include one or more of the following: magnesium stearate, stearic acid, glyceryl behenate and talc.
Examples of diluents include one or more of the following: water, ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerin, and combinations thereof.
The other components may be used simultaneously (eg, when they are mixed together, or even when they are delivered by different routes), or they may be used sequentially (eg, they are). , Can be delivered by various routes).
As used herein, the term "ingredients suitable for animal or human consumption" is a compound of the invention as a supplement or a compound that may be added thereto, which may be a nutritional benefit. , A fiber substitute, or a compound that has a generally beneficial effect on the consumer.
As an example, this ingredient contains prebiotics, such as alginates, xanthans, pectin, locust bean gum (LBG), insulin, guar gum, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), lactooligosaccharides, It may be soybean oligosaccharide, palatinose, isomalto-oligosaccharide, gluco-oligosaccharide and xylooligosaccharide.
(Food or feed substance) This compound can be used as a food or feed substance or in its preparation. Here, the term "food" is used in a broad sense and includes foods and foods for humans, and foods for animals (ie, feed). Using the term "feed", it refers to the product that is fed to an animal in the breeding of livestock. In a preferred aspect, this food or feed is for consumption by monogastric animals such as pigs, poultry and fish.
This food or feed may be used in the form of a solution or as a solid, depending on the intended use and / or method of application and / or mode of administration.
(Food and feed ingredients and supplements) This compound can be used as a food or feed ingredient.
As used herein, the term "food or feed ingredient" includes a formulation, which may be food or foodstuff or added to it, and a wide variety. Contains formulations that can be used at low levels in the product of.
The food ingredient may be in the form of a solution or in solid form, depending on the intended use and / or mode of application and the method of administration.
This compound may be a food supplement or may be added to a food supplement.
(Food and feed composition) Feed compositions for monogastric animals typically include compositions containing plant products containing phytate. Such compositions include cornmeal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, corn, wheat, barley and sorghum-based feeds.
The phytase described herein may be a food or feed composition or may be added thereto.
The present invention also provides a method of preparing a food or feed component or supplement, the method of mixing a phytase produced by the process of the present invention or a composition according to the present invention with another food component. Include. Preparation methods or food ingredients are also another aspect of the invention. Methods for preparing animal feed are described above. The enzyme may be added in the form of a solid formulation or as a feed additive such as a premixture. The solid form is typically added before or during the mixing step; and the liquid form is typically added after the pelleting step.
(Drug) The phytase of the present invention can also be used in pharmaceutical preparations or in combination with foods to obtain some pharmaceutical effects. For example, European Patent No. 1,389,915, the human food or beverage Cal describes the use of phytase in food or beverage to increase Siumu, iron and / or zinc availability.
In addition, European Patent No. 1,392,353 describes phytase-containing pharmaceuticals or nutritional supplements that are useful for increasing the bioavailability of bioelements such as calcium and iron, and for combating deficient diseases. There is.
Here, the term "pharmaceutical" is used in a broad sense-and human drugs and / or dietary supplements, as well as drugs and / or dietary supplements for animals (ie, veterinarians). Includes application). In the preferred aspect, the drug is for human use and / or for the livestock industry.
The agent may be for therapeutic purposes, which may in fact be therapeutic, palliative (symptomatic), or prophylactic. The drug may even be for diagnostic purposes.
When used as a drug or in the preparation of a drug, the products and / or compounds of the invention may be used in combination with one or more of the following: pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, pharmaceutically acceptable diluents: , Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, pharmaceutically active ingredients.
The agent may be in the form of a solution or in solid form, depending on the intended use and / or method of application and / or mode of administration.
(Pharmaceutical ingredient) The products and / or compounds of the present invention can be used as pharmaceutical ingredients. Here, the product and / or composition of the present invention may be a single active ingredient or at least one member (ie, two or more) of the active ingredient.
The pharmaceutical component may be in the form of a solution or in solid form, depending on the intended use and / or method of application and / or the method of administration.
The pharmaceutical component may be in the form of an effervescent product to improve the dissolving properties of the drug.
(form) The products and / or compounds of the invention can be used in any suitable form, whether alone or in the composition. Similarly, the phytase produced according to the present invention (ie, an ingredient-eg, a food ingredient, a functional food ingredient, or a pharmaceutical ingredient) may be used in any suitable form.
Suitable examples of morphology are for the application of immediate release, delayed release, modified release, sustained release, pulsed release or controlled release: one of tablets, pills, capsules, ovules, solutions or suspensions. As mentioned above, this may include a flavoring agent or a coloring agent.
As an example, when the product and / or composition is used in tablet form, such as for use as a functional ingredient, the tablet may be: Excipient, Disintegrant, Granule Binder or Lubricant It may contain one or more of them.
Examples of nutritionally acceptable carriers for use in preparing this form include, for example, water, salt solutions, alcohols, silicones, waxes, petrolatum and the like.
Preferred excipients for this form include lactose, starch, cellulose, lactose or high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.
For aqueous suspensions and / or elicyls, carotenoid cleavage compounds, various sweeteners or flavors, colorants or pigments, emulsifiers and / or suspending agents, and diluents such as water, ethanol, etc. It may be combined with propylene glycol and glycerin, and combinations thereof.
This form may also include gelatin capsules; fiber capsules, fiber tablets, and the like.
(General recombinant DNA methodology technology) The present invention uses conventional techniques of chemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, recombinant DNA and immunology, which are within the capabilities of those skilled in the art, unless otherwise indicated. Such techniques are exemplified in this document. For example, J. Sambrook, EFFritsch and T. Maniatis, 1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition, Books 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Ausubel, FM et al. (1995) and Periodic Addendum; Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Chapters 9, 13 and 16, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY); B. Roe, J. Crabtree and A. Kahn, 1996, DNA Isolation and Sequencing: Essential Techniques, John Wiley & See Sons; MJ Gait (eds.), 1984, Oligonucleotide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, Irl Press; and DMJ Lilley and JEDahlberg, 1992, Methods of Enzymology: DNA Structure Part A: Synthesis and Physical Analysis of DNA Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press. thing. Each of these general texts is incorporated herein by reference.
<p num="0323"> The present invention is here further illustrated in the following non-limiting examples.</p><p num="0324"> (Example 1. Phytase activity assay) The phytase assay was performed on a microtiter plate. Reaction mixture (100 μl 9 included: 2 mM phytate and 0.8 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>Contains 200 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 3.5. The reaction was treated at 37 ° C for 1 hour, after which the released phosphate was measured by a modified method of known procedure (Heinonen JK, Lahti RJAnal Biochem. 113 (2), 313-317). (1981)). In short, 200 μl of freshly prepared AMM solution (7.5 NH)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 15 mM ammonium molybdate and acetone-1: 1: 2) were added to 100 μl of the reaction mixture in each microtiter plate well. Absorbance at 390 nm was measured after 10 minutes and before 30 minutes after the addition of AMM reagent. The amount of phosphate was determined by creating a calibration curve with a phosphate solution of known concentration. To assess phytase activity at different pH values, the following (all 200 mM) buffers were used: glycine / HCl pH 2.0-3.0, sodium acetate / acetic acid, pH 3.5-5.5, Tris / maleate pH 6 .0 ~ 7.5. (Example 2. Phytase-producing strain P3-42) Bacterial strain P3-42 was originally isolated from a rotting birch leaf mass collected in a moist forest in southern Finland. This strain has many simple culture media such as LB (1% peptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 1% NaCl, pH 7.4) or low phosphate medium PP1 (1% peptone, 1% bovine extract, 0.5). %, Yeast extract, CaCl<sub>2</sub>Can be aerobically cultured at 30 ° C on -0.2M). This medium is adjusted to pH 11 with NaOH and boiled for 10 minutes. The precipitate is removed by filtration, the pH is readjusted to 5.5 and the medium is sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C for 15 minutes.</p><p num="0325"> After growth in liquid PP1 medium, the strain was found to exhibit phytase activity at both pH 3.5 and 5.5 (assayed as described in Example 1). The ratio of activity at 3.5 and 5.5 was about 1.5. Its activity was also measured separately in P3-42 cells and cell supernatants. According to these measurements, about 90% of all phytase activity was found in the supernatant. The strain was deposited with NCIMB on September 22, 2004 under accession number NCIMB 41247.</p><p num="0326"> (Example 3. Isolation of chromosomal DNA from strain P3-42) Chromosomal DNA was essentially prepared by standard procedures (Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996). 250 ml of culture grown overnight at 30 ° C in LB medium was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes, washed in 20 ml of 50 mM tris-HCl, 5 mM EDTA pH 8 and 10 ml of cold TES ( 50mM tris-HCl, 5mM Resuspended in EDTA, 15% glucose pH 8). Add lysozyme to 10 mg / ml and incubate the cell suspension at 37 ° C for 30-60 minutes until lysis occurs, dilute 100 μl of the reaction mixture to 1 ml of 0.1% SDS and sticky. (slimy) Confirmed by checking for liquidity. At this point, SDS and proteinase K (SIgma) were added to final concentrations of 1% and 0.5 mg / ml, respectively. The reaction mixture was incubated at 56 ° C. for 30 minutes, followed by the addition of 2 mM 5 M NaCl and 1.4 ml of 10% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Sigma). This incubation was continued at 65 ° C for 15 minutes. The solution was extracted once with chloroform / isoamyl alcohol (24: 1) and once with phenol / chloroform. After extraction, the aqueous phase is mixed with 0.6 volumes of isopropanol and the DNA precipitate is collected by centrifugation (10,000 rpm, 15 minutes), washed with 70% ethanol, dried under reduced pressure and 2 ml of 10 mM Tris-. HCl, 1 mM EDTA It was resuspended in RNAse at pH 8, 5 μg / ml.</p><p num="0327"> (Example 4. Taxonomic identification of bacterial strain P3-42) Fragments of the 16S rRNA gene of strain P3-42, primers; 536f (CAGCMGCCGCGGTAATWC) and 1392r (ACGGGCGGTGTGTRC) (Lane, DJ In Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics, Stackbrandt, E, and Goodfellow, M, John Wiley & Sons, New York: pp115-117 (1991)) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Taq DNA polymerase (Roche). Using the following program: 1) 95 ° C 5 min initial DNA denaturation step; 2) 94 ° C 1 min, 55 ° C 1 min, 72 ° C 1 min 30 cycles; 3) 70 ° C final elongation step 10 min .. PCR products with a size of approximately 900 base pairs are purified by electrophoresis in a 0.8% agarose gel and PCR Purification is performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Extracted from gel using Kit (Qiagen). Purified PCR products were commercially sequenced by Medprobe (Norway). This sequenced region is listed in SEQ ID NO: 1. This sequence was compared to the DNA sequence in the GenBank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/). The best match (823, 99.9% of the 824 nucleotides) was found to be the sequence of the 16S RNA gene from Citrobacter freundii DSM 30039. Therefore, strain P3-42 can be taxonomically classified as Citrobacter freundii.</p><p num="0328"> (Example 5. Cloning of phytase gene derived from P3-42 of C. freundii) Chromosome DNA from the P3-42 strain of Citrobacter freundii was partially digested with the restriction endonuclease Sau3A and the digest was fractionated on a 1% agarose gel. A 3-5 kb DNA fragment was isolated from the gel using a gel purification kit (Qiagen) and ligated with a BamHI-digested dephosphorylated λ-ZAP arm (Stratagene). The subsequent steps for building the library followed the instructions of Stratagene's ZAP Express Predigested Vector / Gigapack Cloning Kit. The phage type of the library was converted to the plasmid type by a "mass excision" procedure as described by the manufacturer (Stratagene). Screening of plasmid libraries was performed by a method similar to the earlier published methods for the detection of phytase activity on petriplates (Howson and Davis. Enzyme). Microb.Technol.5,377 ~ 382 (1983); Chen JCBiotechnology techniques 12 (10) 751 ~ 761 (1998); Riccio ML et al., J.Appl.Microbiol.82,177 ~ 185 (1997)). Several phytase-positive clones were isolated and purified by subcloning. These isolates were grown in liquid cultures (30 ° C in LB medium and about 24 hours at 200 rpm) and phytase activity was measured in the resulting cell suspension (Example 1). ). One clone with the highest phytase activity (approximately 5 U / ml, pH 3.5) was selected for subsequent characterization. The plasmid DNA was isolated from this clone named pBK (P3-42) and characterized by partial DNA sequencing of the inserted DNA (sequencing service was obtained from Medprobe (Norway)). This sequence containing the phytase gene is listed as SEQ ID NO: 2. This putative amino acid sequence of C. freundii phytase is listed as SEQ ID NO: 3. By comparing SEQ ID NO: 3 with the sequence in GenBank using the BLAST service provided by NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/), the E. coli-derived phytase was C. freundii. Is identified as the closest known homolog of phytase. However, the level of homology is low, with only about 62% of amino acid residues being identical in both proteins.</p><p num="0329"> (Amplification and expression of phytase gene derived from P3-42 of Example 6. C. freundii) The phytase gene was amplified by PCR. The chromosomal DNA of the P3-42 strain of C. freundii was used as a template and the oligonucleotides o42-5 (GGAATTCATATGAGTACATTCATCATTCG) and o42-3 (GGAATTCGGATCCCTTATTCCGTAACTGCACAC) were used as primers. The amplification was performed using the Expand High Fidelity PCR System Kit (Roche). Using the following program: 1) First DNA denaturation at 94 ° C for 3 minutes; 2) 45 seconds at 94 ° C, 45 seconds at 55 ° C, 1 minute at 68 ° C, 1 minute at 72 ° C , 35 1 minute cycle at 74 ° C; 3) 10 minute final extension step at 72 ° C. The obtained PCR product is electrophoresed on a 0.8% agarose gel, followed by Gel Purification. Purified by DNA extraction from gel using Kit (Qiagen). This purified PCR product was digested with restriction enzymes NdeI and BamHI and isolated from the reaction mixture by the PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). The vector plasmid pET11a (Novagen) was digested with restriction endonucleases NdeI and BamHI, dephosphorylated with shrimp alkaline phosphatase (Roche), and purified by electrophoresis in a 0.8% agarose gel. This linearized band of plasmid DNA was excised from the gel and purified using the Gel Purification Kit (Qiagen). The two purified DNA fragments were ligated using T4 DNA ligase (Roche). The ligated reaction was precipitated with 70% ethanol, washed with ethanol and resuspended directly in 50 μl electrocompetent E. coli XL1-Blue MRF'cells. Transfer this suspension to a 0.1 cm electroporation cuvette (BioRad) and Gene Pulser Electrophoresis was performed at 1800 V, 25 μF and 200 Ω using the Xcell (BioRad) set. Immediately after electrophoresis, 1 ml of LB medium was added and the cell suspension was transferred to a 15 ml plastic tube (Falcon) and incubated at 37 ° C for 1 hour with shaking (200 rpm). Transformed cells were plated on LB plates containing 100 μg / ml ampicillin and incubated overnight at 37 ° C. Twenty-four transformants were grown in liquid medium and the cultures were used for assaying phytase activity and isolating plasmid DNA. One clone was selected that produced the highest phytase activity and produced the expected recognition pattern of plasmid DNA. The expression host strain BL21 (DE3) pLysS (Novagen) was transformed with the plasmid contained by this clone named pET11 (P3-42). This transformed cell suspension was shaken at 37 ° C for 1 hour in LB containing 2% glucose and inoculated into 50 ml LB containing ampicillin (100 μg / ml) and glucose (2%). The cells were grown overnight at 30 ° C with shaking (200 rpm). The OD of the resulting culture was measured at 600 nm and the culture was used to give an OD of 0.04.<sub>600</sub>It was inoculated into 1 l of LB + ampicillin (100 μg / ml) until it became. Growth continued overnight at 30 ° C. Phytase activity in such cultures was typically 50-60 U / ml (measured at pH 3.5). Almost all phytase was secreted into the culture medium. The fact that C. freundii phytase is an enzyme that is efficiently secreted both in its native host and during heterologous expression in E. coli is due to the intracellular nature of C. brakii-derived phytase. Is in contrast (Kim HW et al., Biotechnol. Lett. 25,1231-1234 (2003)). The activity of control strain BL21 (DE3) pLysS transformed with pET11 grown under the same conditions was less than 0.05 U / ml in culture.</p><p num="0330"> (Purification of recombinant phytase from P3-42 of Example 7. C. freundii) Cultures of BL21 (DE3) pLysS transformed with pET11 (P3-42) were centrifuged to remove bacterial cells and concentrated to approximately 1/10 of the original volume using a rotary evaporator. , The solution was dialyzed against water until the conductivity dropped below 250 μS / cm. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 8.0 with tris base and this was added to a DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences) column (3 x 20 cm) equilibrated with 25 mM tris-HCl, pH 8.0. The column was used with equilibration buffer at a flow rate of 3 ml / min for 30 minutes, followed by 25 mM containing 3 consecutive gradients of NaCl. Washing was performed with tris-HCl, pH 8.0: 0-50 mM, 50-150 mM and 150-500 mM. Each of the three gradients was programmed for 1 hour with a constant flow rate of 3 ml / min. A 9 ml fraction was collected and assayed for phytase activity. One strong peak of activity was detected. Proteins in the peak fractions were concentrated using a Centriplus concentrator (Amicon) and analyzed by SDS PAGE using a 12% gel and a standard Laemmli buffer system. The results of this analysis showed that the preparation of recombinant C. freundii P3-42 phytase obtained by DEAE Sepharose contained a single prominent protein component. Semi-quantitative analysis based on scanning a digital image of the gel (Figure 1) shows a purity of about 60-79%.</p><p num="0331"> (PH profile of recombinant phytase from P3-42 of Example 8. C. freundii) The pH dependence of C. freundii's P3-42 phytase activity (purified according to Example 7) was studied in buffer and under the conditions described in Example 1. The enzyme was active in a wide pH range (2-5.5) and had two maximum activity around pH 3 and 4-4.5 (Fig. 2).</p><p num="0332"> (Substrate specificity of recombinant phytase derived from P3-42 of Example 9. C. freundii) A fraction of inositol phosphate containing 3, 4 or 5 phosphate groups per inositol residue was isolated by ion exchange chromatography from a partial hydrolyzate of phytic acid treated with fungal phytase (Natuphos). .. The production and purification of these preparations was a commercial service of BioChemicals Ltd (St. Petersburg, Russia). Contaminance of each fraction with inositol-phosphates with varying degrees of phosphorylation was determined by HPLC to be less than 5% (Sandberg AS, Ahderinne RJ Food). Sci.51 (3), 547 ~ 550). Commercially available fructose 1,6-diphosphate and fructose 6-phosphate (Sigma) were used to assess the specificity of C. freundii's P3-42 phytase towards di and monophosphate substrates. It was used as a model substrate. The activity of C. freundii phytase purified by Example 7 on a different substrate was measured by a standard assay (Example 1) at pH 3.5 using a substrate at a concentration of 2 mM in the final reaction mixture. The results (Fig. 3) indicate that this enzyme has maximum activity at inositol pentakisate. The activities at inositol trisphosphate and tetraphosphate, as well as phytic acid, were somewhat similar, but fructose 1,6-diphosphate was a rather inferior substrate. Hydrolysis of fructose 6-phosphate was below the reliable detection limit.</p><p num="0333"> (Example 10. Specific activity of recombinant phytase derived from P3-42 of C. freundii) The specific activity of C. freundii phytase was evaluated using the preparation purified according to Example 7. Phytase activity was measured at pH 3.5 according to Example 1. The phytase concentration was calculated by measuring the total protein concentration using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce) and correcting this by the phytase content assessed by SDS PAGE (Example 7). According to these measurements, the specific activity of the recombinant phytase from P3-42 of C. freundii is about 1100 U / mg.</p><p num="0334"> (Example 11. Comparison of C. freundii P3-42 phytase and C. brakii YH-15-derived phytase) The only phytase derived from bacteria belonging to the Citrobacter family described earlier is the intracellular phytase derived from C. brakii YH-15 (Kim). HW et al., Biotechnol. Lett. 25,1231-1234 (2003)). This enzyme shares some properties with the secretory phytase of C. freundii of the present invention, and both enzymes are highly specific acidic phytase. Direct comparison of the amino acid sequences of the two enzymes is not possible. Because the sequence information for the C. brakii enzyme is limited to stretching 10 amino acid residues. The putative amino acid sequence of C. freundii phytase contains a fragment that shares 9 of 10 residues with the sequence derived from the C. brakii enzyme. However, comparison of such short fragments of the sequence makes no conclusions about the overall homology of the two enzymes. The most striking difference between the two enzymes is the cellular location: the enzyme from C. brakii is intracellular, while the phytase of C. freundii is the enzyme that is clearly secreted. This enzyme is secreted in the natural host and its putative amino acid sequence is the signal peptide. (Predicted by P algorithm: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/), the enzyme is also highly efficiently secreted from E.coli under its natural signal peptide. In addition, there are a number of significant differences in the biochemical properties of the two enzymes (Table 1). table 1 (Comparison between C. freundii P3-42-derived phytase and C. brakii YH-14-derived phytase)</p><p num="0335"><chemistry num="7"><img id="000010" he="36" wi="144" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry><sup>(*)</sup>Measured under the conditions described by Kim et al. (Biotechnol. Lett. 25,1231-1234 (2003)): Heat treatment at 100 mM Na acetate, pH 4, 60 ° C for 30 minutes, then at 37 ° C. This is a standard assay.</p><p num="0336"> (Example 12. Generation and characterization of phytase variants) Phytase variants can be found in mutagenesis methods such as those listed above, such as Morinaga et al. (Biotechnology (1984) 2, p646-649), or Nelson and Long (Analytical Biochemistry (1989), 180, p147-151). ), Or by mutagenesis of SEQ ID NO: 2 using the error limit mutagenesis protocol described in WO 92/18645.</p><p num="0337"> Phytase enzyme variants were characterized after heterologous expression in one or more of the following expression hosts: Escherichia coli K12; Bacillus subtilis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</p><p num="0338"> (1. Thermal stability) The thermal stability of the variants was characterized by the inactivation temperature of the enzyme. The inactivation temperature was determined by measuring the residual activity of the enzyme in an enzyme assay as described in Example 1 after 10 minutes of incubation at various temperatures and subsequent cooling to room temperature. The inactivation temperature is a temperature at which the residual activity is 50% of the residual activity after incubation at room temperature under the same conditions for the same period of time. If necessary, appropriate interpolation and extrapolation from the measured activity data is performed to determine the temperature corresponding to 50% residual activity. The ° C for the difference in thermal stability was calculated by subtracting the inert temperatures of the two enzymes from each other. That is, the difference in thermostability (TD) is compared with the parent phytase (= inactivation temperature (modified)-inactivation temperature (parent)).</p><p num="0339"> Table 2 lists the differences in thermal stability for the various variants: Table 2: Differences in thermal stability of variants derived from parental phytase P3-42 having the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3</p><p num="0340"><chemistry num="8-1"><img id="000011" he="186" wi="141" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry></p><p num="0341"><chemistry num="8-2"><img id="000012" he="219" wi="142" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry></p><p num="0342"><chemistry num="8-3"><img id="000013" he="186" wi="141" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry> 2. Other features Other features have also been improved.</p><p num="0343"> The thermal stability, specific activity and pepsin stability of the selected variants were compared using the assay described above. The pepsin stability of such variants was characterized by residual activity measured at pH 3.5, 37 ° C after pepsin incubation compared to control conditions (residual activity = activity / control after pepsin incubation). Activity after incubation under conditions). Pepsin incubation was performed at 37 ° C. at pH 2.0, 0.25 mg / ml, pepsin, 1 mM CaCl2 and 5 mg / ml BSA for 2 hours. Control conditions are pH 5.0 and 1 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>And 5 mg / ml BSA at 37 ° C for 2 hours.</p><p num="0344"> Table 3 shows the properties of the selected variants (according to SEQ ID NO: 3, compared to phytase origin and weight).</p><p num="0345"><chemistry num="9"><img id="000014" he="32" wi="95" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry> (Sequence information)</p><p num="0346"><chemistry num="10-1"><img id="000015" he="84" wi="119" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry></p><p num="0347"><chemistry num="10-2"><img id="000016" he="221" wi="120" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry></p><p num="0348"><chemistry num="10-3"><img id="000017" he="104" wi="119" file="JP5778077B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></chemistry> All publications referred to in the above specification, and references cited in such publications, are incorporated herein by reference. Various modifications and variations of the methods and systems described in the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the claimed invention should not be unduly limited to such particular embodiments. is there. In fact, the various modifications of the described method for making the present invention, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art in molecular biology or related areas, shall be within the scope of the following claims.</p>
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| PCTIB2005000598 | International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | – | |
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| GB20040022052 | – | – | – |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 5778077
- Publication, DOCDB
- 5778077
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP5778077B
- Application
- 113546
- Application, DOCDB
- 2012113546
- Application, EPODOC
- JP20120113546
Titles3
- Japanese
- Citrobacterfreundiiフィターゼおよびホモログ
- English
- Citrobacter freundii Phytase and Homolog
- Japanese
- Citrobacterfreundiiフィターゼおよびホモログ
Classification
- CPC, 1
- C12N9/16
- IPC, 7
- C12N15 09
- A23K1 165
- A23L29 00
- A23L35 00
- C12N1 19
- C12N1 21
- C12N9 16
