Surveying instrument having a plumbing device

[Advanced Fields of Use] The present invention relates to a centripetal position measuring device of a surveying instrument, and in particular, can calculate a deviation amount x, a deviation amount y, and a machine height H with respect to a reference point. It relates to a centripetal position measuring device of a surveying instrument and the like.

[0002] [Conventional Techniques] Generally, surveying work is performed based on a known reference point. A surveying instrument is installed on a reference point or a given point, and surveying work is carried out based on this reference point or the like. For example, the theodolite performs a survey by measuring the collimation direction of a collimation telescope rotatably mounted around a vertical axis and a horizontal axis. In addition, the leveling can measure the height difference of the collimation position.

[0003] Since these surveying instruments are used by being attached to a tripod, it is necessary to measure the height from the ground to the collimation telescope and the mechanical height required for height calculation.

[0004] FIG. 9 shows the theodolite 9100 and the gauge 9200 mounted on the tripod 9000. As shown in Fig. 9, the surveying instrument is installed so that the vertical line passing through the reference point and the vertical rotation axis of the surveying instrument coincide with each other for accurate surveying. The base point for measuring the mechanical height H is provided on a support that coincides with the horizontal rotation center of the telescope.

[0005] As shown in FIG. 10, a leveling mechanism 9110 for correcting the tilt of the vertical rotation axis for aligning the vertical rotation axis with the vertical line of the surveying instrument 9100, and an centripetal telescope 9120 for correcting the horizontal position. Is provided. Therefore, the centripetal telescope 9120 provided on the surveying instrument 9100 is reflected by the reflecting prism 9130 and collimates the lower part of the surveying instrument that coincides with the vertical rotation axis.

[0006] Then, after installing the surveying instrument 9100 on the reference point, the surveyor measures the machine height H of the surveying instrument 9100, and further measures from the base point of the surveying instrument support to the surveying standard 9200 with a tape measure or the like.

[0007] However, in the measurement of the machine height H of the conventional surveying instrument 9100, the distance from the lower part of the surveying instrument to the surveying instrument 9200 is measured by a tape measure, and the thickness of the tripod mounting portion and the thickness of the tripod mounting portion are measured. It was measured by adding the height of the surveying instrument. Therefore, since the height of the surveying instrument changes depending on the leveling, it is necessary to measure it at the time of installation, which is troublesome and has a problem that accuracy cannot be expected.

[0008] Normally, the base point to the standard 9200 is measured directly, but the base point for measuring the machine height H may not be directly on the reference point, which is a serious problem that high accuracy cannot be obtained. There was a problem.

[0009] Further, for accurate surveying and measurement of the machine height H, the surveying instrument 9100 needs to be installed vertically above the reference point.

That is, the surveying instrument 9100 mounted on the tripod 3000 is first set vertically by the leveling mechanism 9110. Next, while collimating the collimation telescope 9120, loosen the fixing screw (not shown) that fixes the surveying instrument 9100 body and the tripod 3000 a little, and move the surveying instrument 9100 body horizontally on the reference point.

[0011] This work requires extremely high skill, and if the work is not performed with the utmost care, there is a problem that the leveling of the surveying instrument 9100 main body is out of order and the tripod 3000 moves. ..

[0012] In recent years, the measurement accuracy of the surveying instrument 9100 itself has been dramatically improved, and highly accurate surveying has become possible. For example, in a surveying instrument with horizontal and altitude angle measurement accuracy of about 5 seconds, if the centripetal position deviates by 5 mm, an error of about 10 seconds will occur at 100 m on the main body side, which is high by experts. There was a problem that accurate centripetal work was required.

[0013] Therefore, it is strongly desired to develop a means capable of measuring the machine height H with high accuracy even if the person is not an expert.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been devised in view of the above problems, and in order to specify a survey point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the survey point. The light receiving means for receiving the target image and the arithmetic processing means for calculating the machine height, which is the distance to the target, based on the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means. The targets are formed concentrically, the light receiving means forms a light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of the concentric targets with the X-axis or the Y-axis of each circular image, and the arithmetic processing means starts from the position of the intersection. , The diameter of each of the circular images is calculated, and the corresponding machine height is calculated from the value of this diameter.

[0015] In the present invention, in order to specify a survey point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the survey point, a light receiving means for receiving the target image, and a light receiving means for receiving the target image are used. It consists of arithmetic processing means for calculating the amount of deviation from the survey point based on the received signal of the target image of the above, the target is formed concentrically, and the light receiving means is each circle by the concentric target. A light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of the image with the X-axis or the Y-axis is formed, and the arithmetic processing means calculates the amount of deviation in the X-axis direction or the amount of deviation in the Y-axis direction from the position of the intersection. ing.

[0016] Further, the light receiving means of the present invention can also be composed of a first light receiving means and a second light receiving means arranged so as to be able to receive light at right angles to the first light receiving means.

[0017] The present invention can also be configured to correct the measured value to a value from a targeted measurement point.

[Embodiment of the Invention] In the present invention configured as described above, in order to specify a surveying point, an optical means forms an image of a target installed at the surveying point, and a light receiving means can be used. The target image is received, and the arithmetic processing means calculates the machine height, which is the distance to the target, based on the received signal of the target image from the light receiving means, and the targets are formed concentrically. The light receiving means forms a light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of the X-axis or the Y axis of each circular image by the concentric target, and the arithmetic processing means calculates the diameter of each circular image from the position of the intersection. The structure is such that the corresponding machine height is calculated from the value of the diameter.

[0025] In the present invention, the optical means forms an image of the target installed at the surveying point in order to specify the surveying point, the light receiving means receives the target image, and the target image from the light receiving means is received. The arithmetic processing means calculates the amount of deviation from the surveying point based on the received signal of the above, and the target is formed concentrically, and the light receiving means is the X-axis of each circular image by the concentric target or A light receiving signal for detecting the intersection with the Y-axis is formed, and the arithmetic processing means calculates the amount of deviation in the X-axis direction or the amount of deviation in the Y-axis direction from the position of the intersection.

[0026] In the light receiving means of the present invention, the second light receiving means may be arranged so that the second light receiving means can receive light at right angles to the first light receiving means.

[0027] The present invention can also correct the measured value to a value from a targeted measurement point.

[Examples] [0035] Examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0036] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a surveying instrument main body 1000 and a surveying instrument 2000. An centripetal telescope 1100 is attached to the surveying instrument main body 1000, and a mechanical height measurement target 2100 is attached to the surveying instrument main body 1000. It is formed.

[0037] Note that the state shown in FIG. 1 is a state in which the leveling work of the surveying instrument main body 1000 has been completed and before the centripetal work by the afferent telescope 1100.

[0038] The mechanical height measurement target 2100 is formed so as to coincide with the center of the measurement target 2000. The mechanical height measurement target 2100 corresponds to the target.

[0039] A hole 1200 for passing collimation light is formed at the center of rotation of the bottom of the surveying instrument body 1000, and the collimation light is perpendicular to the position of the center of vertical rotation of the surveying instrument body 1000. A reflection prism 1300 is attached to deflect the light.

[0040] Further, the leveling table 3100 is formed with a fixing screw 3110 for fixing the tripod 3000.

[0041] The collimation light from the machine height measurement target 2100 arranged on the reference point passes through the center of the fixing screw 3110 and is collimated from the hole 1200 of the surveying instrument main body 1000.

[0042] Then, the collimation light that has passed through the hole 1200 is reflected by the reflection prism 1300 and is directed toward the centripetal telescope 1100. In the centripetal telescope 1100, the collimation light and the measurement light are separated. It is configured in.

Next, the optical configuration of the centripetal telescope 1100 will be described with reference to FIG.

The centripetal telescope 1100 includes an eyepiece 1110, a reticle 1120, a first beam splitter 1130, an objective lens 1140, a second beam splitter 1150, a first CCD1160, and a second CCD1170. I have.

[0045] The objective lens 1140 is for forming an image (hereinafter, referred to as a target image) of the mechanical height measurement target 2100 of the measurement target 2000 via the reflection prism 1300. That is, the objective lens 1140 forms a target image on the reticle 1120 having a crosshair. The objective lens 1140 and the reticle 1120 correspond to optical means.

The surveyor can collimate the target image formed on the reticle 1120 with the eyepiece 1110.

A first beam splitter 1130 is inserted between the objective lens 1140 and the rectil 1120, and the first beam splitter 1130 transmits collimation light and directs it toward the rectil 1120. The light of the part is reflected upward at a right angle to form the measurement light. The measurement light reflected by the first beam splitter 1130 is split into the first measurement light and the second measurement light by the second beam splitter 1150 arranged above.

[0048] That is, as for the measurement light from the first beam splitter 1130, the light transmitted through the second beam splitter 1150 becomes the first measurement light, and is reflected by the second beam splitter 1150 and deflected by 90 degrees. That is the second measurement light.

The first measurement light is incident on the first CCD1160 which is the first light receiving means, and the second measurement light is incident on the second CCD1170 which is the second light receiving means. There is.

[0050] The first CCD1160 and the second CCD1170 are in a position conjugate with the reticle 1120.

Next, the principle of measuring the machine height H will be described.

[0052] The mechanical height measurement target 2100 of this embodiment is formed concentrically as shown in FIG. Figure 3 is the target image that appeared on the reticle 1120.

[0053] Here, since the first CCD1160 and the second CCD1170 are arranged so as to receive light at right angles, the first CCD1160 can measure the position in the X-axis direction of FIG. The second CCD1170 can measure the position in the Y-axis direction of FIG. That is, FIG. 3 shows a state in which the target image appearing on the reticle 1120 and the positions of the first CCD1160 and the second CCD1170 are superimposed.

[0054] Then, if the amount of deviation in the X direction from the reference point, which is the center of the machine height measurement target 2100, is x and the amount of deviation in the Y direction is y, the amount of deviation x is each circular image (target image). Of the concentric circles of each circle), the position of the midpoint of the cross point with a different distance from the cross point with the X axis and the predetermined 0 point of the X axis. All you have to do is calculate the distance. It should be noted that this calculation is executed by an appropriate calculation processing means.

[0055] Similarly, the amount of deviation y is the cross point having a different distance from the Y axis of each circular image (in the concentric circles of the target image, each circular image). The distance between the position of the midpoint and the predetermined 0 point on the Y-axis can be calculated. Furthermore, by applying the amount of deviation x or the amount of deviation y and the 1/2 distance of the cross point to the theorem of 3 squares, the radius of a specific circular image of the target can be calculated.

Further, since the circumference of each circular image is known by detecting the number of intersections crossing the X-axis or the Y-axis and the interval between the intersections, the first CCD1160 or the second CCD1170 can be used. The diameter of the circumference that crosses can be calculated.

Furthermore, since 1/2 (1/2 distance) of the distance between the two zero cross points can be easily measured, the radius of a specific circular image and (1/2 distance) can be converted into the theorem of 3 squares. If applied, the deviation amount x and the deviation amount y can be calculated.

Since the diameter of the circumference of each circular image of the target is known, the mechanical height H, which is the distance to the mechanical height measurement target 2100, can be converted by using the optical magnification of the target image. , Can be easily obtained.

[0059] In this embodiment, two light receiving means, a first light receiving means and a second light receiving means, are adopted. However, after measuring in one direction, the surveying instrument main body 1000 or the light receiving element is rotated by 90 degrees. Therefore, it can be realized by one light receiving means.

The deviation amount x, the deviation amount y, and the machine height H measured as described above can be displayed on an appropriate display unit 1400 provided on the surveying instrument main body 1000.

[0061] The mechanical height measurement target 2100 of the present embodiment is formed concentrically, but is not limited to the concentric circles, and may be rectangular as shown in FIG. Further, in FIG. 4, the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means are configured to be orthogonal to the center line of the rectangle, but the same can be applied to the case where the first light receiving means is rotating.

That is, the amount of deviation in the X direction can be calculated by comparing the lengths of ab and cd from the intersection of the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means. Further, the amount of deviation in the Y direction can be calculated from the position of the intersection of the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means.

[0063] Further, when it is rotated and tilted, the amount of rotation can be calculated from the position of the intersection of the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means, and the amount of deviation can be calculated. Further, the surveying instrument main body 1000 may be rotated to correct the deviation.

Since the size of the rectangle of the target is known for the mechanical height H, the distance to the mechanical height measuring target 2100 is determined by the ratio of the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means from the light receiving positions. The machine height H can be calculated.

Similarly, the mechanical height measurement target 2100 as shown in FIG. 5 can also be adopted.

[0066] FIG. 6 shows a case where there is only one light receiving means, and the light receiving means are arranged so as to cross the W-shaped target image. When rotating, the intervals of the intersection ab, the intersection bc, and the intersection cd will be different. Therefore, the amount of deviation in the X direction can be calculated from the distance between the intersection ab and the intersection bc, and the amount of deviation in the Y direction can be similarly calculated from the light receiving position.

[0067] The total station, which is the most frequently used surveying instrument at present, can electrically measure the horizontal angle and the altitude angle, and can also measure the distance by incorporating a light wave range finder. Such a total station already has a built-in high-speed calculation means, and can take in the amount of deviation of the centripetal position and the machine height H, and can instantly correct the measured value.

[0068] When the main body is roughly installed on the reference point, the total station configured in this way automatically takes in the amount of deviation of the centripetal position and the machine height H and displays the corrected true measured value. can do. In such a total station, a light transmission type encoder is used as an angle detecting means, and a calculation means for processing a light receiving signal of the light receiving means is built in. Therefore, it is not necessary to add a calculation means for processing the light receiving signal of the light receiving means of the target image.

[0069] Here, a specific usage method will be described with reference to FIG. 7.

[0070] First, in step 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as S1), the surveying instrument main body 1000 is installed. Next, proceed to S2 to complete the leveling work.

[0071] Then, in S3, the machine height measurement target 2100 is installed at the reference point. Next, in S4, the surveyor roughly aligns the centripetal position of the surveying instrument main body 1000. Further, in S5, the deviation amount x, the deviation amount y, and the machine height H are measured by the above-mentioned method.

The measured value measured in S5 is stored in the storage means of the surveying instrument main body 1000 in S6. Then, in S7, the measured value stored in S6 is displayed on the appropriate display unit 1400 of the surveying instrument main body 1000.

[0073] Further, when the surveying instrument main body 1000 is a total station, distance measurement and angle measurement work are performed in S8, and in S9, the measurement values (deviation amount x, deviation amount y, machine height) stored in S6 are performed. Using H), calculate the correction values for the distance and angle obtained in S8. Then, in S10, the correction value obtained in S9 is displayed on the appropriate display unit 1400 of the total station shown in FIG.

An appropriate light wave range finder can be used for the distance measurement of the S8, and the angle of the S8 is measured by, for example, the altitude angle encoder 1510 of FIG. 8 and horizontal by the horizontal angle encoder 1520. It can also be configured to measure the angle.

[0075] Further, if the centripetal position is combined with a laser centripetal device that indicates the centripetal position with a laser beam, it is sufficient to perform approximate alignment, and there is an effect that work efficiency is further improved.

[Effect] In the present invention configured as described above, in order to specify a surveying point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at this surveying point and for receiving the target image. The target is formed concentrically, and the target is formed concentrically with the light receiving means of the above and a calculation processing means for calculating the machine height which is the distance to the target based on the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means. The light receiving means forms a light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of the X-axis or the Y axis of each circular image by the concentric target, and the arithmetic processing means calculates the diameter of each circular image from the position of the intersection. However, since it is configured to calculate the corresponding machine height from this diameter value, there is an outstanding effect that even non-experts can perform surveying work with high accuracy.

[0077] In the present invention, in order to specify a surveying point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point, a light receiving means for receiving the target image, and a light receiving means for receiving the target image are used. It consists of arithmetic processing means for calculating the amount of deviation from the surveying point based on the received signal of the target image of the above, the target is formed concentrically, and the light receiving means is each circle by the concentric target. A light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of the image with the X-axis or the Y-axis is formed, and the calculation processing means calculates the amount of deviation in the X-axis direction or the amount of deviation in the Y-axis direction from the position of the intersection. Therefore, it not only improves work efficiency, but also has an outstanding effect of being able to realize accurate surveying.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a surveying instrument main body 1000 and a surveying standard 2000, which are examples of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an optical configuration of the centripetal telescope 1100.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the principle of this embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the principle of this embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the principle of this embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the principle of this embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the operation of this embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a display unit 1400 of a total station.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a conventional technique.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a conventional technique.

[Code description] 1000 Surveying instrument body 1100 Centripetal telescope 1110 Eyepiece 1120 Rectil 1130 First beam splitter 1140 Objective lens 1150 Second beam splitter 1160 First CCD1170 Second CCD1200 Hole 1300 Reflective prism 1400 Display 1510 Altitude Angle Encoder 1520 Horizontal Angle Encoder 2000 Measuring 2100 Machine Height Measuring Target 3000 Tripod 3100 Leveling Platform 3110 Fixing Screw