Device for measuring centripetal position of a surveying machine and surveying machine

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]

【0001】

[Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to a afferent position measuring device or the like of a surveying instrument, and more particularly to a afferent position measuring device or the like of a surveying instrument capable of calculating a deviation amount x and a deviation amount y with respect to a reference point and a machine height H. Is.

【0002】

[Conventional technology]

Surveying work is generally based on known reference points. A surveying instrument is installed on a reference point or a given point, and surveying work is carried out based on this reference point or the like. For example, the theodolite performs a survey by measuring the collimation direction of a collimation telescope rotatably mounted around a vertical axis and a horizontal axis. In addition, the leveling can measure the height difference of the collimation position.

【0003】

Since these surveying instruments are used by attaching them to a tripod, it is necessary to measure the height from the ground to the collimation telescope and the mechanical height required for height calculation.

【0004】

Figure 9 shows the theodolite 9100 and the gauge 9200 mounted on the tripod 9000. As shown in Fig. 9, the surveying instrument is installed so that the vertical line passing through the reference point and the vertical rotation axis of the surveying instrument coincide with each other for accurate surveying. The base point for measuring the mechanical height H is provided on a support that coincides with the horizontal rotation center of the telescope.

【0005】

Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a leveling mechanism 9110 for correcting the tilt of the vertical rotation axis for aligning the vertical rotation axis with the vertical line of the surveying instrument 9100 and an centripetal telescope 9120 for correcting the horizontal position are provided. ing. Therefore, the centripetal telescope 9120 provided on the surveying instrument 9100 is reflected by the reflecting prism 9130 and collimates the lower part of the surveying instrument that coincides with the vertical rotation axis.

【0006】

Then, the surveyor installs the surveying instrument 9100 on the reference point, measures the machine height H of the surveying instrument 9100, and further measures from the base point of the surveying instrument support to the surveying standard 9200 with a tape measure or the like.

【0007】

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, the measurement of the machine height H of the conventional surveying instrument 9100 is performed by measuring the distance from the lower part of the surveying instrument to the surveying instrument 9200 with a tape measure and adding the thickness of the tripod mounting portion and the height of the surveying instrument. Was there. Therefore, since the height of the surveying instrument changes depending on the leveling, it is necessary to measure it at the time of installation, which is troublesome and has a problem that accuracy cannot be expected.

【0008】

Normally, the base point to the standard 9200 is measured directly, but the base point for measuring the machine height H may not be directly on the reference point, and there is a serious problem that high accuracy cannot be obtained. there were.

【0009】

In addition, the surveying instrument 9100 must be installed vertically above the reference point for accurate surveying and measurement of the machine height H.

【0010】

That is, the surveying instrument 9100 installed on the tripod 3000 is first set vertically by the leveling mechanism 9110. Next, while collimating the collimation telescope 9120, loosen the fixing screw (not shown) that fixes the surveying instrument 9100 body and the tripod 3000 a little, and move the surveying instrument 9100 body horizontally on the reference point.

【0011】

This work requires extremely high skill, and if the work is not done with the utmost care, there is a problem that the leveling of the surveying instrument 9100 body is out of order and the tripod 3000 moves.

【0012】

In recent years, the measurement accuracy of the surveying instrument 9100 itself has improved dramatically, enabling highly accurate surveying. For example, in a surveying instrument with horizontal and altitude angle measurement accuracy of about 5 seconds, if the centripetal position deviates by 5 mm, an error of about 10 seconds will occur at 100 m on the main body side, which is high by experts. There was a problem that accurate centripetal work was required.

【0013】

Therefore, it is strongly desired to develop a means capable of measuring the machine height H with high accuracy even if the person is not an expert.

【0014】

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention has been devised in view of the above problems, and in order to specify a surveying point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point and a light receiving means for receiving the target image. And, based on the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means, it is composed of the arithmetic processing means for calculating the machine height which is the distance to the target.

【0015】

Then, in the present invention, in order to specify a surveying point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point, a light receiving means for receiving the target image, and a target image from the light receiving means. It is composed of an arithmetic processing means for calculating the amount of deviation from the surveying point based on the received signal of.

【0016】

Further, the light receiving means of the present invention can also be composed of a first light receiving means and a second light receiving means arranged so as to be able to receive light at right angles to the first light receiving means.

【0017】

The target of the present invention can also be formed concentrically.

【0018】

Further, the light receiving means of the present invention forms a light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of the X-axis or the Y axis of each circular image by the concentric target, and the arithmetic processing means of the circular image from the position of the intersection. It is also possible to calculate the diameter and calculate the corresponding machine height from the value of this diameter.

【0019】

Further, the light receiving means of the present invention forms a light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of each circular image with the X-axis or the Y-axis by the concentric target, and the arithmetic processing means deviates from the position of the intersection in the X-axis direction. It is also possible to calculate the amount or the amount of deviation in the Y-axis direction.

【0020】

The surveying instrument of the present invention electrically detects at least the horizontal angle and the altitude angle, and in order to identify the surveying point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point and this Based on the light receiving means for receiving the target image and the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means, the machine height, which is the distance to the target, is calculated, and the horizontal angle and the altitude angle are calculated from the machine height. It is configured to have an arithmetic processing means for correcting the above.

【0021】

Further, the surveying instrument of the present invention electrically detects at least a horizontal angle and an altitude angle, and in order to identify a surveying point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point and this In order to calculate the amount of deviation from the surveying point based on the light receiving means for receiving the target image and the received signal of the target image from the light receiving means, and to correct the horizontal angle and the altitude angle from the deviation amount. It is configured to have the arithmetic processing means of.

【0022】

Further, the surveying instrument of the present invention electrically detects at least a distance, and in order to identify a surveying point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point and receiving the target image are received. A calculation processing means for calculating the machine height, which is the distance to the target, and correcting the distance from the machine height, based on the light receiving means for receiving the light and the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means. It has a structure having and.

【0023】

The surveying instrument of the present invention electrically detects at least a distance, and in order to identify a surveying point, it receives an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point and the target image. A configuration having a light receiving means for performing the above and a calculation processing means for calculating the deviation amount from the surveying point based on the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means and correcting the distance from the deviation amount. It has become.

【0024】

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In the present invention configured as described above, in order to specify the surveying point, the optical means forms an image of the target installed at the surveying point, the light receiving means receives the target image, and the light receiving means receives the target image. Based on the received signal of the target image of, the calculation processing means can calculate the machine height, which is the distance to the target.

【0025】

Then, in the present invention, in order to identify the surveying point, the optical means forms an image of the target installed at the surveying point, the light receiving means receives the target image, and the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means is received. Based on the above, the arithmetic processing means can calculate the amount of deviation from the surveying point.

【0026】

Further, in the light receiving means of the present invention, the second light receiving means can be arranged so as to be able to receive light at right angles to the first light receiving means.

【0027】

The target of the present invention can also be formed concentrically.

【0028】

Further, the light receiving means of the present invention forms a light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of each circular image with the X-axis or the Y-axis by the concentric target, and the arithmetic processing means determines the diameter of each circular image from the position of the intersection. It can also be calculated and the corresponding machine height calculated from this diameter value.

【0029】

Further, the light receiving means of the present invention forms a light receiving signal for detecting the intersection of each circular image with the X-axis or the Y-axis by the concentric target, and the arithmetic processing means deviates from the position of the intersection in the X-axis direction. Alternatively, the amount of deviation in the Y-axis direction can be calculated.

【0030】

The surveying instrument of the present invention electrically detects at least the horizontal angle and the altitude angle, and the optical means forms an image of the target installed at the surveying point in order to identify the surveying point, and the light receiving means. However, the target image is received, and the calculation processing means calculates the machine height, which is the distance to the target, based on the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means, and calculates the horizontal angle and the altitude angle from this machine height. It can be corrected.

【0031】

Further, the surveying instrument of the present invention electrically detects at least a horizontal angle and an altitude angle, and an optical means forms an image of a target installed at the surveying point in order to identify the surveying point, and receives light receiving means. However, the target image is received, and the arithmetic processing means calculates the amount of deviation from the surveying point based on the received signal of the target image from the light receiving means, and corrects the horizontal angle and the altitude angle from this deviation amount. it can.

【0032】

Further, the surveying instrument of the present invention electrically detects at least a distance, and the optical means forms an image of a target installed at the surveying point in order to identify the surveying point, and the light receiving means receives the target image. Is received, and the calculation processing means can calculate the machine height, which is the distance to the target, based on the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means, and can correct the distance from this machine height.

【0033】

The surveying instrument of the present invention electrically detects at least a distance, and the optical means forms an image of a target installed at the surveying point in order to identify the surveying point, and the light receiving means receives the target image. Is received, and the arithmetic processing means can calculate the amount of deviation from the surveying point based on the received signal of the target image from the light receiving means, and can correct the distance from this amount of deviation.

【0034】

[Example]

【0035】

Examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

【0036】

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the surveying instrument main body 1000 and the surveying instrument 2000. The surveying instrument main body 1000 is equipped with an centripetal telescope 1100, and the surveying instrument body 2000 is formed with a mechanical height measurement target 2100. There is.

【0037】

The state shown in FIG. 1 is the state in which the leveling work of the surveying instrument main body 1000 has been completed and before the centripetal work by the centripetal telescope 1100.

【0038】

The mechanical height measurement target 2100 is formed so as to coincide with the center of the measurement target 2000. The machine height measurement target 2100 corresponds to the target.

【0039】

A hole 1200 for passing the collimation light is formed at the center of rotation of the bottom of the surveying instrument body 1000, and the collimation light is deflected at a right angle to the position of the center of vertical rotation of the surveying instrument body 1000. Reflective prism 1300 is installed.

【0040】

Further, the leveling table 3100 is formed with a fixing screw 3110 for fixing to the tripod 3000.

【0041】

The collimation light from the machine height measurement target 2100 arranged on the reference point passes through the center of the fixing screw 3110 and is collimated from the hole 1200 of the surveying instrument main body 1000.

【0042】

Then, the collimation light that has passed through the hole 1200 is reflected by the reflection prism 1300 and directed toward the centripetal telescope 1100, and the centripetal telescope 1100 is configured to separate the collimation light and the measurement light. ing.

【0043】

Next, the optical configuration of the centripetal telescope 1100 will be described with reference to FIG.

【0044】

The centripetal telescope 1100 includes an eyepiece 1110, a reticle 1120, a first beam splitter 1130, an objective lens 1140, a second beam splitter 1150, a first CCD1160, and a second CCD1170. ..

【0045】

The objective lens 1140 is for forming an image (hereinafter, referred to as a target image) of the mechanical height measurement target 2100 of the measurement target 2000 via the reflection prism 1300. That is, the objective lens 1140 forms a target image on the reticle 1120 having a crosshair. The objective lens 1140 and the reticle 1120 correspond to optical means.

【0046】

The surveyor can collimate the target image formed on the reticle 1120 with the eyepiece 1110.

【0047】

A first beam splitter 1130 is inserted between the objective lens 1140 and the rectil 1120, and the first beam splitter 1130 transmits collimation light and directs it toward the rectil 1120, as well as some light. Is reflected upward at a right angle to form a measurement light. The measurement light reflected by the first beam splitter 1130 is split into the first measurement light and the second measurement light by the second beam splitter 1150 arranged above.

【0048】

That is, as for the measurement light from the first beam splitter 1130, the light transmitted through the second beam splitter 1150 becomes the first measurement light, and the light reflected by the second beam splitter 1150 and deflected by 90 degrees is obtained. It becomes the second measurement light.

【0049】

The first measurement light is incident on the first CCD1160 which is the first light receiving means, and the second measurement light is incident on the second CCD1170 which is the second light receiving means.

【0050】

The first CCD1160 and the second CCD1170 are in the position of conjugate with the reticle 1120.

【0051】

Next, the principle of measuring the machine height H will be described.

【0052】

The mechanical height measurement target 2100 of this embodiment is formed concentrically as shown in FIG. Figure 3 is the target image that appeared on the reticle 1120.

【0053】

Here, since the first CCD1160 and the second CCD1170 are arranged so as to receive light at right angles, the first CCD1160 can measure the position in the X-axis direction of FIG. The CCD1170 of 2 can measure the position in the Y-axis direction of FIG. That is, FIG. 3 shows a state in which the target image appearing on the reticle 1120 and the positions of the first CCD1160 and the second CCD1170 are superimposed.

【0054】

Then, if the amount of deviation in the X direction from the reference point, which is the center of the machine height measurement target 2100, is x and the amount of deviation in the Y direction is y, the amount of deviation x is each circular image (concentric circles of the target image). Of the cross points with the X-axis of each circle image), the distance between the position of the midpoint of the cross points with a different interval and the predetermined 0 point of the X-axis is calculated. You just have to do it. It should be noted that this calculation is executed by an appropriate calculation processing means.

【0055】

Similarly, the amount of deviation y is the midpoint of the cross points having a different distance from the Y axis of each circular image (in the concentric circles of the target image, each circular image). The distance between the position and the predetermined 0 point on the Y-axis can be calculated. Furthermore, by applying the amount of deviation x or the amount of deviation y and the 1/2 distance of the cross point to the theorem of 3 squares, the radius of a specific circular image of the target can be calculated.

【0056】

Moreover, since the circumference of each circle image is known by detecting the number of intersections crossing the X-axis or the Y-axis and the interval between the intersections, the circumference crossing the first CCD1160 or the second CCD1170. The diameter of can be calculated.

【0057】

Furthermore, since 1/2 (1/2 distance) of the distance between two zero cross points can be easily measured, if the radius of a specific circular image and (1/2 distance) are applied to the 3 square theorem. , The deviation amount x, and the deviation amount y can be calculated.

【0058】

Since the diameter of the circumference of each circular image of the target is known, the mechanical height H, which is the distance to the mechanical height measurement target 2100, can be easily converted by using the optical magnification of the target image. You can ask.

【0059】

In this embodiment, two light receiving means, a first light receiving means and a second light receiving means, are adopted. However, by rotating the surveying instrument main body 1000 or the light receiving element by 90 degrees after one-way measurement, 1 It can also be realized by using one light receiving means.

【0060】

The deviation amount x, the deviation amount y, and the machine height H measured as described above can be displayed on an appropriate display unit 1400 provided on the surveying instrument main body 1000.

【0061】

The mechanical height measurement target 2100 of this embodiment is formed concentrically, but is not limited to the concentric circles, and may be rectangular as shown in FIG. Further, in FIG. 4, the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means are configured to be orthogonal to the center line of the rectangle, but the same can be applied to the case where the first light receiving means is rotating.

【0062】

That is, the amount of deviation in the X direction can be calculated by comparing the lengths of ab and cd from the intersection of the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means. Further, the amount of deviation in the Y direction can be calculated from the position of the intersection of the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means.

【0063】

Further, when it is rotated and tilted, the amount of rotation can be calculated from the position of the intersection of the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means, and the amount of deviation can be calculated. Further, the surveying instrument main body 1000 may be rotated to correct the deviation.

【0064】

Since the size of the rectangle of the target is known for the machine height H, the machine is the distance to the machine height measurement target 2100 according to the ratio from the light receiving position of the first light receiving means and the second light receiving means. The height H can be calculated.

【0065】

Similarly, the machine height measurement target 2100 as shown in FIG. 5 can also be adopted.

【0066】

FIG. 6 shows a case where there is only one light receiving means, and the light receiving means are arranged so as to cross the W-shaped target image. When rotating, the intervals of the intersection ab, the intersection bc, and the intersection cd will be different. Therefore, the amount of deviation in the X direction can be calculated from the distance between the intersection ab and the intersection bc, and the amount of deviation in the Y direction can be similarly calculated from the light receiving position.

【0067】

The total station, which is the most frequently used surveying instrument at present, can electrically measure the horizontal angle and the altitude angle, and can also measure the distance by incorporating a light wave range finder. Such a total station already has a built-in high-speed calculation means, and can take in the amount of deviation of the centripetal position and the machine height H, and can instantly correct the measured value.

【0068】

If the main body is roughly installed on the reference point, the total station configured in this way can automatically take in the amount of deviation of the centripetal position and the machine height H and display the corrected true measured value. it can. In such a total station, a light transmission type encoder is used as an angle detecting means, and a calculation means for processing a light receiving signal of the light receiving means is built in. Therefore, it is not necessary to add a calculation means for processing the light receiving signal of the light receiving means of the target image.

【0069】

Here, a specific usage method will be described with reference to FIG.

【0070】

First, in step 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as S1), the surveying instrument body 1000 is installed. Next, proceed to S2 to complete the leveling work.

【0071】

And in S3, the machine height measurement target 2100 is installed at the reference point. Next, in S4, the surveyor roughly aligns the centripetal position of the surveying instrument main body 1000. Further, in S5, the deviation amount x, the deviation amount y, and the machine height H are measured by the above-mentioned method.

【0072】

The measured value measured in S5 is stored in the storage means of the surveying instrument main body 1000 in S6. Then, in S7, the measured value stored in S6 is displayed on the appropriate display unit 1400 of the surveying instrument main body 1000.

【0073】

Furthermore, if the surveying instrument body 1000 is a total station, distance measurement and angle measurement work is performed in S8, and in S9, the measured values (deviation amount x, deviation amount y, machine height H) stored in S6 are displayed. Use it to calculate the distance and angle correction values obtained in S8. Then, in S10, the correction value obtained in S9 is displayed on the appropriate display unit 1400 of the total station shown in FIG.

【0074】

An appropriate light wave rangefinder can be used for distance measurement of S8. For angle measurement of S8, for example, the altitude angle is measured by the altitude angle encoder 1510 in FIG. 8, and the horizontal angle is measured by the horizontal angle encoder 1520. It can also be configured to.

【0075】

Further, if the centripetal position is combined with a laser centripetal device that indicates the centripetal position with a laser beam, it is sufficient to perform approximate alignment, and there is an effect that work efficiency is further improved.

【0076】

[effect]

In the present invention configured as described above, in order to specify a surveying point, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point, a light receiving means for receiving the target image, and the light receiving means thereof. Based on the light-receiving signal of the target image from the light-receiving means, it is an arithmetic processing means for calculating the machine height, which is the distance to the target, or the amount of deviation from the surveying point, so that the machine height and deviation are automatically obtained. Since the quantity can be measured, there is an outstanding effect that the surveying work can be performed with high accuracy even if the person is not an expert.

【0077】

Then, in the present invention, in order to identify a surveying point in a surveying instrument that electrically detects at least a horizontal angle and an altitude angle, an optical means for forming an image of a target installed at the surveying point and this target image. Based on the light receiving means for receiving light and the light receiving signal of the target image from the light receiving means, the mechanical height, which is the distance to the target, or the amount of deviation from the surveying point is calculated, and the horizontal angle and altitude are calculated. Since it is configured to have an arithmetic processing means for correcting an angle or correcting the distance, not only the work efficiency is improved, but also an excellent effect that accurate surveying can be realized is excellent. is there.

[Simple explanation of drawings]

[Figure 1]

It is a figure explaining the surveying instrument main body 1000 and the surveying standard 2000 which are examples of this invention.

[Figure 2]

It is a figure explaining the optical composition of the centripetal telescope 1100.

[Fig. 3]

It is a figure explaining the principle of this Example.

[Fig. 4]

It is a figure explaining the principle of this Example.

[Fig. 5]

It is a figure explaining the principle of this Example.

[Fig. 6]

It is a figure explaining the principle of this Example.

[Fig. 7]

It is a figure explaining the operation of this Example.

[Fig. 8]

It is a figure explaining the display part 1400 of a total station.

[Fig. 9]

It is a figure explaining the prior art.

[Fig. 10]

It is a figure explaining the prior art.

[Explanation of symbols]

1000 Surveying instrument body 1100 centripetal telescope 1110 eyepiece 1120 reticle 1130 First beam splitter 1140 Objective lens 1150 Second beam splitter 1160 1st CCD 1170 Second CCD 1200 holes 1300 Reflective prism 1400 Display 1510 altitude angle encoder 1520 horizontal angle encoder 2000 gauge 2100 Machine height measurement target 3000 tripod 3100 leveling table 3110 fixing screw