Untitled record
Abstract
A novel advanced set top terminal capable of digital decompression, menu generation, interactivity and other advanced functional capabilities for use in a television program delivery system (200) is described. The invention relates to methods and apparatus for upgrading existing set top terminals (220) to provide menu generation capability and advanced functional capabilities. The invention is particularly useful in television program delivery systems (200) with hundreds of channels of programming, providing (i) menu driven program selection through the addition of an upgrade module (300) or menu generation card and (ii) advanced functional capabilities using a set of hardware upgrades (e.g., 130) and/or an expansion card. Specifically, the invention is an upgradeable system that supports advanced set top functionality through the use of internal software, hardware upgrades, an upgrade module and/or expansion cards. The upgraded hardware generally includes a microprocessor, various input/output ports (e.g., 308), processing circuitry (e.g., 108) and memory (e.g., 116). The invention results in an upgraded set top terminal that supports: menu generation; picture-on-picture displays; program catalogue services; interactive services; telephone caller identification; digital audio reception; VCR control; HDTV reception; and backyard satellite system interoperability, among other features and capabilities.

Term
Term ended
Expired 2 December 2013, 12.8 years ago.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Expired
- Today
26 claims: 2 independent, 24 dependent
- 1ケーブル・テレビジョン・システムのヘッドエンドにおいて用いられる装置であって、(a)複数のデジタル化された番組を含むデジタル・ビデオ信号と、番組加入者に配分するために選択される複数のデジタル化された番組のIDに関するデータを含む情報とを受信する手段と、(b)命令を送るプロセッサ手段であって、(b1)受信された情報を用いて、選択される複数のデジタル化された番組のIDを判断する手段と、(b2)選択される複数のデジタル化された番組のIDに関する命令を生成する手段と、を含むプロセッサ手段と、(c)前記プロセッサ手段に接続されており、前記プロセッサ手段から受け取られた命令に基づいて複数の前記デジタル化された番組の任意のものを選択する手段であって、(c1)複数の前記デジタル化された番組のそれぞれが識別され得るように、受信されたデジタル・ビデオ信号を、デマルチプレキシングされたコンポーネント部分のそれぞれが複数の前記デジタル化された番組の1つを含むように、コンポーネント部分にデマルチプレキシングする手段と、(c2)識別された前記デジタル化された番組を、番組のIDを用いて通信する手段であって、番組のIDは前記プロセッサ手段によって判断され、前記プロセッサ手段からの命令の中でこの通信する手段に送られる、手段と、を含む手段と、(d)前記選択する手段(c)に接続されており、前記選択する手段から通信された番組を受信する受信手段を含み、通信された番組を、合成信号に合成する手段と、(e)前記ケーブル・テレビジョン・システムの加入者に、前記合成信号を配分する手段と、を備えていることを特徴とする装置。
- 2請求項1に記載の装置において、前記配分する手段(e)は、前記デジタル化された番組が前記加入者に送信されるように、前記合成信号を変調するデジタル変調器手段と、デジタル変調された信号をデジタル化された番組とともに、前記加入者に運ぶ、連結されたケーブル・システムと、を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 3請求項1に記載の装置において、該装置はアナログの番組を作成でき、かつ、前記合成手段は、通信された前記番組を、生成された前記アナログの番組を表すアナログ番組信号に変換するデジタル-アナログ変換器を更に含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 4請求項3に記載の装置において、前記合成手段は、前記アナログの番組を、前記加入者に配分するために、前記合成信号に変調するアナログ変調器を更に含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 5請求項1に記載の装置において、アナログのビデオ及びオーディオ番組が、前記デジタル化された番組とともに受信され、デジタル化され、合成され、アナログのビデオ及びオーディオ番組を、ローカルのデジタル化された番組にデジタル化するデジタル・エンコーダ手段と、前記ローカルのデジタル化された番組を、前記合成手段に通信する手段と、を更に含むことを特徴とする装置。
- 6請求項1に記載の装置において、アナログの番組が前記合成信号とともに、第1の搬送周波数及び第2の搬送周波数を用いて配分され、前記合成信号とともに配分されるべき前記アナログの番組を受信する手段を更に含み、前記配分する手段は、受信した前記アナログの番組を前記第1の搬送周波数上に変調するアナログ変調器、及び前記合成された信号を前記第2の搬送周波数上に変調するデジタル変調器、を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 7請求項1に記載の装置において、前記デジタル化された番組は、ビデオ・データ・フォーマットで表現され、前記デジタル化された番組の前記ビデオ・データの誤りを訂正する手段、を更に含むことを特徴とする装置。
- 8請求項1に記載の装置において、前記デジタル化された番組は、1つ以上の暗号化方法を用いて暗号化されて受信され、この装置は、前記合成信号を加入者に配分する前に、前記デジタル化された番組から暗号化方法のうちの1つを取り除く解読手段、を更に含むことを特徴とする装置。
- 9請求項1に記載の装置において、配分された後に、認可された加入者のみが前記番組を解読できるように、識別された前記番組を暗号化する手段、を特徴とする装置
- 10請求項1に記載の装置において、選択されるデジタル化された番組に関する情報は、デジタル・ビデオ信号とともに受信され、デジタル化された番組に関する情報を受信する前記手段(a)は、選択されるべきデジタル化された番組に関する情報を含むデータ信号を抽出する情報データ・デマルチプレクサ、及び前記データ信号を、前記情報データ・デマルチプレクサから前記プロセッサに転送する手段、を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 11請求項1に記載の装置において、選択されるべきデジタル化された番組上の前記情報を受信する前記手段は、選択されるべきデジタル化された番組上の情報を手動で入力するターミナル手段、及び入力されたデジタル化された番組上の前記情報を、前記ターミナルから前記プロセッサに送る手段、を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 12請求項1記載の装置において、選択されるべきデジタル化された番組上の前記情報を含むデータ信号は、遠隔サイトから送信され、選択されるべき番組上の前記情報及び前記デジタルのビデオ信号を受信する前記手段は、選択されるべきデジタル化された番組上の前記情報を含む前記データ信号を獲得するモデム手段、及び前記データ信号を前記プロセッサに送る手段、を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 13請求項1に記載の装置において、前記通信する手段は、前記デマルチプレキシングする手段から、前記デジタル化された番組を得る手段、前記プロセッサから命令を受け入れる手段、前記プロセッサから受信した前記命令を解釈し、かつ番組識別データを提供する構成手段、及び番組識別データを受信し、識別されたデジタル化された番組が前記合成手段(d)に通信されることを可能にするロジック手段、を更に含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 14請求項1に記載の装置において、前記合成手段は、通信された前記番組の部分を一時的に記憶する複数の先入れ先出し待ち行列手段を更に含み、前記選択する手段は、前記複数の先入れ先出し待ち行列手段に制御情報を送る制御手段を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 15請求項1に記載の装置において、前記合成手段は、通信された番組を出力するために前記プロセッサによって制御される複数の出力ゲートを含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 16請求項1に記載の装置において、前記デジタル化された番組は一連のビデオ・データ・パケットによって表され、前記通信する手段はビデオ・データ・パケットを前記合成手段に通信し、前記合成手段は、前記ビデオ・データ・パケットを順次の順番に配置するシリアライザ手段を更に含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 17請求項16に記載の装置において、前記プロセッサは、通信された前記ビデオ・データ・パケットを重要度によって優先順位付けする手段、及び前記優先順位付けする手段によって確立された優先順位を用いて、通信される前記ビデオ・データ・パケットの流れの順番を制御する手段、を更に含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 18請求項1に記載の装置において、前記受信する手段(a)は、複数の前記デジタル化された番組を復調する復調器手段を含み、前記配分する手段(e)は、ケーブルの加入者に配分するために前記合成信号を変調する手段と、変調された前記信号を1つ以上の連結されたケーブル・システムに送信する送信機手段と、を含み、この装置は、1つ以上のアナログ番組信号を受信する手段と、選択された前記デジタルのビデオ信号と合成されるべき1つ以上のアナログの番組信号を選択する手段と、を更に備えており、アナログの番組は遠隔ソースから受信され、選択された番組を合成する前記手段(d)は、アナログ番組信号と選択された前記ビデオ番組とを選択する手段を更に含むことを特徴とする装置。
- 19請求項1に記載の装置において、前記受信する手段(a)は、複数の前記デジタル化された番組を復調する復調器手段を含み、前記配分する手段(e)は、ケーブルの加入者に配分するために前記合成信号を変調する手段と、変調された前記信号を1つ以上の連結されたケーブル・システムに送信する送信機手段と、を含み、前記デジタル・ビデオ番組は複数のセットにグループ化され、第1のセットのビデオ番組を受信する許可を有しない加入者が存在し、前記選択する手段(c)は、第1のセットのデジタル・ビデオ番組を同時に選択し、第2のセットのデジタル・ビデオ番組を選択する手段を含み、前記合成する手段(d)は、前記第1のセットの選択されたデジタル・ビデオ番組と前記第2のセットの選択されたビデオ番組とを合成して前記合成信号を生成し、前記加入者に配分する手段を含むことを特徴とする装置。
- 20請求項1に記憶の装置において、前記受信する手段は、番組信号を処理する、複数の一体化された受信機コンポーネントであって、前記番組信号を更に処理するために復調する復調器手段を含む受信機コンポーネントを含み、前記選択する手段は、個々のビデオ信号の一部を一時的に記憶する手段であって、各部分は、複数の前記デジタル化された番組のうちの1つの番組の一部分を含むデマルチプレキシングされたコンポーネントの部分のうちの1つに対応する、記憶する手段を含み、前記配分する手段は、前記合成信号をセット・トップ・ターミナルに送信する送信機手段、及び前記送信機手段に接続され、送信された前記信号を前記セット・トップ・ターミナルに搬送する伝送媒体、を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 21請求項1に記憶の装置において、前記受信する手段は、複数の前記デジタル化された番組を含むデジタル・ビデオ信号を受信する第1の受信手段、及び番組の前記加入者に配分するために選択されるべき複数の前記デジタル化された番組の前記アイデンティティ上のデータを含む、前記情報を受信する第2の受信手段、を含み、前記合成する手段は、通信された前記番組を合成する第1のコンバイナ手段であって、第1の合成プロセスの間、通信された前記番組の部分を一時的に記憶する手段を含む、第1のコンバイナ手段、及び受信した前記情報を、合成され通信された前記番組と合成して、前記合成信号にする第2のコンバイナ手段、を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 22請求項1に記載の装置において、前記プロセッサ手段と前記セット・トップ・ターミナルとの動作を制御するネットワーク・コントローラであって、前記セット・トップ・ターミナルからの通信を得る手段、前記通信を得る手段と前記プロセッサ手段とに接続され、前記プロセッサ手段(90)によって前記選択する手段(c)に送られる前記命令を生成するコンピュータ・プロセッサであって、前記命令は、前記セット・トップ・ターミナルから得られた前記通信を用いて生成される、コンピュータ・プロセッサ、及び複数の前記デジタル化された番組のうちの任意のものを選択するのに用いられるように、前記コンピュータ・プロセッサから前記プロセッサ手段に前記命令を転送する手段、を含むネットワーク・コントローラ、を更に含むことを特徴とする装置。
- 23請求項1に記載の装置において、前記受信する手段は、複数の前記デジタル化された番組を含む前記デジタル・ビデオ信号を含む、トランスポンドされた信号を受信する手段、及び前記トランスポンドされた信号を受信しかつデコードする、一体化された受信機・デコーダ手段、を含み、前記プロセッサ手段は、前記選択する手段によって選択された通信された前記番組の任意のものとともにローカル番組の挿入上の情報を用いてローカル番組情報信号を生成し、本装置は、デジタル・フォーマットのローカル番組を得る手段、及び生成された前記ローカル番組情報信号を受信するために前記プロセッサ手段と通信する手段、を更に含み、前記合成手段は、通信された前記番組とローカル番組とを、前記合成信号にするようにマルチプレキシングする手段を含み、前記配分する手段は、前記ケーブル・テレビジョン・システムの加入者に送信するために、前記合成信号を変調する手段を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 24請求項1に記載の装置において、前記受信する手段は、前記情報及びデジタル・ビデオ信号を含む、トランスポンドされた信号を受信する一体化された受信機手段を含み、前記選択する手段は、前記トランスポンドされた信号を複数の優先度レベルにグループ化する手段であって、第1グループのトランスポンドされた信号は第1の優先度レベルであり、第2グループのトランスポンドされた信号は第2の優先度レベルである、グループ化する手段を含み、前記デマルチプレキシングする手段は、前記第1の優先度レベルのトランスポンドされた信号を、第1の優先度レベルのデジタル化された番組に、及び前記第2の優先度レベルのトランスポンドされた信号を第2の優先度レベルのデジタル化された番組に、デマルチプレキシングする手段を含み、前記選択する手段は、第1の優先度レベルのデジタル化された番組を選択する第1の手段、及び第2の優先度レベルのデジタル化された番組を選択する第2の手段、を含み、前記合成手段は、前記選択する手段から受信された通信された前記番組を合成し、この通信された前記番組は、加入者に配分する選択された第1の優先度レベルと第2の優先度レベルのデジタル化された番組を含む、ことを特徴とする装置。
- 25番組の加入者に配分するためにデジタル化された番組が選択されて合成されることを特徴とする、ケーブル・テレビジョン・システムの加入者に番組を配分する方法において、前記番組の前記加入者に配分するために選択されるべき番組上の情報を受信するステップと、受信した前記情報を基にして前記デジタル化された番組を選択するステップと、選択された前記番組を合成信号に、合成するステップと、前記合成信号を前記加入者に配分するステップと、を含む方法。
- 26請求項25に記載の方法において、選択するステップに命令を送信するステップであって、受信した前記情報を用いて選択されるべきデジタル化された番組のアイデンティティを判断するステップ、及び選択されるべき前記デジタル化された番組の前記アイデンティティ上に命令を生成するステップ、を含むステップを更に含み、前記選択するステップは、受信した前記デジタル・ビデオ信号をコンポーネント部分に、デマルチプレキシングするステップであって、それぞれのコンポーネント部分が複数の前記デジタル化された番組のうちの1つの番組を含む、ステップ、及び前記送信するステップからの命令において受信した番組の前記アイデンティティを用いて識別されたデジタル化された番組を前記合成ステップに通信するステップ、を含み、前記合成ステップは、合成信号を生成するために、前記通信するステップからの通信された前記番組を、選択された番組として合成する、ことを特徴とする方法。
Independent claims26
1 paragraph, as filed
Related Application This application was entitled "TELEVISION PROGRAM PACKAGING AND DELIVERY SYSTEM WITH MENU DRIVEN SUBSCRIBER ACCESS" in 1992. It is subject to application serial number 07 / 991,074 filed on December 9, 2014. Other pending applications set forth below, based on the patent application set forth above, are incorporated herein by reference. Serial number 08 / 160,281, PCT / US93 / 11708, filed December 2, 1993, title of invention "REPROGRAMMABLE TERMINAL FOR SUGGESTING PROGRAMS OFFERED ON A TELEVISION PROGRAM DELIVERY SYSTEM) ". Serial number 08 / 160,280, PCT / US93 / 11616, filed December 2, 1993, title of invention "NETWORK CONTROLLER FOR CABLE TELEVISION DELIVERY SYSTEM". Serial No. 08 / 160,282, PCT / US93 / 11617, filed December 2, 1993, title of invention "AN OPERATIONS CENTER FOR A TELEVISION" PROGRAM PACKAGING AND DELIVERY SYSMTEM) ". Serial number 08 / 160,193, PCT / US93 / 11618, filed December 2, 1993, title of invention "SET TOP TERMINAL FOR CABLE TELEVISION DELIVERY" SYSTEM) ". Serial number 08 / 160,194, PCT / US93 / 11606, filed December 2, 1993, title of invention "ADVANCED SET TOP TERMINAL FOR CABLE TELEVISION DELIVERY SYSTEM) ". Technical Field The present invention relates to a cable television distribution system that provides television programming in a digital format to a consumer's home. More specifically, the present invention relates to a new technique for the cable headend portion of a cable television distribution system capable of processing digital video and audio signals. Background Current television distribution systems are designed to distribute analog video and audio signals from the signal source to the viewer's television. With the development of digital technology for video and audio, in the future television distribution systems will need to convert distribution systems from analog video and audio to digital video and audio. Advances in digital bandwidth compression technology will allow more throughput of television program signals through existing or slightly modified transmission media. Cable television distribution systems need to be modified to take advantage of digital technology. The cable headend is a key part of the cable television distribution system and needs improvement. The analog cable television distribution system operates using the analog cable converter box in the viewer's home. This converter box uses a television that displays a video program. This converter box is connected to the cable headend site via a cable. Typically, each analog cable headend site has multiple satellite dishes. Normally, the satellite dish at each analog cable headend site is a transponded signal from one or two satellites. signal) is received. One satellite has multiple sanitary transponders. Uplink sites and sanitary dishes can transmit and receive multiple video and audio program signals. However, at present, each satellite transponder typically carries only one video and audio program at any given time. Typically, one transponder is dedicated to video programming on one channel. In addition, generally in analog cable headends, there is one integrated receiver and one per transponder (or channel). There is a Decoder), which receives the signal from the transponder. In summary, current analog technology has one uplink site, one satellite transponder, and one cable headend satellite dish to distribute analog video and audio programs to the cable headend. Requires a combination with. The cable headend uses several analog video and audio signals from multiple dishes and multiple transponders to provide multi-channel analog signals. The cable headend then transmits these analog signals at different transmission frequencies to the viewer's home cable converter box. There, one channel is selected. Each television channel for analog video and audio transmission to television is in the band of the 6MHz segment. The 6MHz industrial standard was set in 1939, and the NTSC standard is still 6MHz per analog video channel. Television program distribution technology is becoming digital, so the 6MHz segment is not technically important, except for the technology in hybrid analog-to-digital converters. In addition, current cable television distribution systems carry encrypted signals for protection purposes. Each distributor uses encryption technology that is not compatible with other distributors. There are two major cable industry leaders in cryptographic formats. They are 4386 Park Drive, Norcross, Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., 30093, Georgia, Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. 4386 Park Drive, Norcross, PA 19040). Currently, a two-step scrambling / descrambling process is used in cable television program distribution systems. During the first step, the program signal is scrambled prior to satellite transmission, and the program signal is descrambled at the cable headend. During the second step, the program signal is sent to the viewer's home in scrambled format, and an authorized converter box descrambles the signal. There are two main types of scrambling techniques used between the cable headend and the viewer's home converter box, which are video inversion and synch. suppression). That is, the final descramble is performed in the viewer's home converter box using one of these two techniques. General Instruments is a leader in the industry and effectively "locks" the market when it comes to scrambling signals from the source to the cable headend. From cable headends to viewers' homes, General Instruments and Scientific Atlanta have a large market share, but with competitors such as Zenith and Pioneer. Faced with competition. Scientific Atlanta and General Instruments are also major producers of set-top terminals in the United States cable industry. Therefore, the cable headend works for only one distributor's converter box. In general, cable headend scrambling equipment works for either Scientific Atlanta converters or General Instruments converters. There is no agreement in the industry regarding standard scrambling measures or standard protective measures. In some cases, a producer may manufacture a descrambler device that is compatible with other producer's systems. Although no standard method for digital coding of video and audio has been established, the television industry is trying to create a digital coding standard through the International Organization for Standardization. In order to use digital video and audio signals for cable television programming, today's cable television distribution systems need to be modified. In particular, the analog cable headends described above do not work in a digital environment. The methods of encryption and decryption also need to be reviewed. A cable headend that operates in a digital environment is required. A cable headend that works in both digital and analog environments is required. Cable headends are required to receive multiple video and audio program signals from a single satellite transponder. A cable headend capable of combining (synthesizing) digital video and audio program signals for transmission to the viewer's home is required. Cable headends are needed that can send both analog video and audio program signals and digital video and audio program signals to the viewer's home. A cable headend capable of combining selected analog video and audio program signals to be sent to the viewer's home with selected digital video and audio program signals is required. Cable headends are needed that allow individual digital channels to be selected from multiple digital channel feeds and then recombined for transmission to the viewer's home. Tiered program for viewers Cable headends capable of combining a wide variety of digital video and audio signals are needed to create offerings). Therefore, there are unanswered requirements regarding digital cable headend technology. There is a demand for cable headend technology that takes advantage of digital compression technology for video and audio program signals. The present invention relates to these requirements. Overview of the Invention A preferred embodiment of the invention is a digital cable headend system that allows full use of digital technology in cable television distribution systems. This cable headend is a key component of digital cable television distribution systems. The cable headend is a central component for receiving, combining, and transmitting program signals to the viewer's home. The cable headends of the present invention are more capable and flexible than existing cable headends. Specifically, the combiner, in combination with other components of the digital cable headend of the present invention, solves many technical problems and challenges. Digital programming signal technology was introduced and presented some new challenging problems for cable television distribution systems. Digital technology will provide cable headends with programming for hundreds of channels. The presence of such a large number of programs requires a method of selecting or cherry-picking the desired program received from the transponder and filtering out unnecessary programs. Also, the number of programs is too large to pass through the limited bandwidth space of the cable connected to the viewer's home, so the bandwidth available at home is effectively and efficiently managed. I have to. A limited number of programs must be selected and sent to the viewer's home. In addition, the available bandwidth is available to each viewer Get different depending on your home. For example, a cable headend operates on a signal with a bandwidth of 550 MHz (typically 50 MHz to 550 MHz) for a number of viewers and for a number of viewers. Operates on a system with a bandwidth of 750MHz. The cable headend must send the properly combined signal to the right viewer. Similarly, if a connected cable system with the same bandwidth requires the presentation of different program choices, the cable headend will output two signals with the same bandwidth but in different combinations, ie. One signal must be created for each connected cable system. The satellite transponder acts as a conduit for sending a digital program signal to the cable headend. These satellite transponders process data in a variety of data packet formats. format), at different data rates, and encrypted in one of several encryption formats and sent. Therefore, the cable headend must be able to receive, filter, combine and transmit signals received at different data rates in order to distribute the signal to the viewer's home. This requires the cable headend to delay or synchronize the signal as needed. The present invention solves these and other problems. Cable headends are also compatible with local cable and television companies in terms of digital or analog availability of local advertising programming time and movie programming time. Local digital or analog signals are combined with satellite signals at the headend. A key component in the configuration of new cable headends is the combiner. The basic function of the combiner is to select the video signals to be combined, process the video and audio signals at various data rates (if needed), packet switch the combined signals and ensure wholeness. It is to be. The basic components of a suitable combiner are a control CPU, digital logic, and a parallel series converter (serializer). The control CPU, along with the digital logic, performs the intelligent functions of the combiner. Specifically, the control CPU and digital logic select the video signal to be combined and ensure the integrity of the combined signal. This procedure is performed on the video data on a packet-by-packet basis. Various combinations of hardware and software can be used to perform the function of the combiner. Combiners are used in parallel or in series, as needed, to produce the appropriate output signal to the set-top box. Combiners can be used with a wide variety of digital and analog cable headend configurations. Four different categories of headends: analog and digital Mixed, digital only, digitally input and analog output, and complex data signals to transmit television program information to set-top terminals were described. Each of these examples can be incorporated in a modular fashion and works for multiple connected cable systems with different available bandwidths. An object of the present invention is to provide a digital cable headend for a cable television distribution system. An object of the present invention is to provide certain required components in a digital cable headend for use in a cable television distribution system. An object of the present invention is to provide a multipurpose combiner for cable headends. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend that can operate in both digital and analog environments. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend capable of receiving multiple video and audio program signals from a single satellite transponder. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend that sends both analog and digital video and audio program signals to the viewer's home. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend capable of selecting one program from a plurality of video and audio programs received from one satellite transponder. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend capable of filtering out unselected programs from a plurality of video and audio program signals. An object of the present invention is to provide a combiner component for a cable headend that combines digital video and audio signals with analog video and audio signals. An object of the present invention is to combine digital video and audio signals received from two different transponders. To provide combiner components for cable headends to match. An object of the present invention is to provide a combiner component for a cable headend that combines digital video and audio signals with different data rates. An object of the present invention is packet switching. To provide a combiner component for cable headends that perform switching). An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend that combines selected analog video and audio signals to be transmitted to the viewer's home with selected digital video and audio signals. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend that creates stepwise programming by combining a wide variety of digital video and audio signals. An object of the present invention is to receive wide bandwidth video and audio programming and within wide bandwidth to accommodate the limited bandwidth between the cable headend and the viewer's home. To provide a cable headend to choose from. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cable headend that fits different available bandwidths between the cable headend and the home of a particular viewer. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend that decodes a signal. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend that encrypts a signal. An object of the present invention is to provide a cable headend that decrypts signals received in various cryptographic formats and encrypts all signals transmitted to the viewer's home into one cryptographic format. is there. An object of the present invention is to provide a modular headend. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following description, drawings, and claims. Explanatory Drawings Figure 1 shows an existing analog cable television distribution system. Figure 2 shows a future digital and analog cable television distribution system. Figure 3a shows one cable headend working for three different connected cable systems, each with a different available bandwidth. Figure 3b shows two connected caves FIG. 5 shows a modular digital cable headend system that works against the Le system. Figure 4 shows the main components of a basic digital cable headend for a digital cable television distribution system. Figure 5a shows the main components of a digital cable headend with a combiner for a digital cable television distribution system. Figure 5b shows the main components of a digital and analog cable headend for a combined digital and analog cable television distribution system. FIG. 6a shows the main components of another embodiment for a digital cable headend with combiner and remote control access. Figures 6b and c are diagrams showing components of another embodiment for digital cable headends. FIG. 7 is a detailed view of a digital cable headend with a combiner. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the components of the combiner. FIG. 9a is a detailed view of the components of a preferred embodiment of the combiner. FIG. 9b is a diagram showing the output control logic for the combiner. FIG. 10a is a high-level software flowchart for the control CPU software that controls the combiner. FIG. 10b is a flowchart of the software of the output gate control subroutine of the software of the control CPU shown in FIG. 10a. FIG. 10c is a software flowchart of the packet removal subroutine of the control CPU software shown in FIG. 10a. FIG. 11 shows a composite program distribution system for a digital cable headend with a set-top terminal control information stream. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a digital cable headend (including a combiner and network controller) for the composite program distribution system shown in FIG. Detailed theory of preferred examples Figure 1 shows an overview of the existing analog cable television distribution system 20. Figure 1 shows an analog television program source 22 uplinked to one or more satellite transponders 26 by the satellite transmitter dish 24, and a satellite receiver that receives transpondered signals from satellite 30. Indicates dish 28. In today's analog systems, each satellite 30 has multiple transponders 26. Each transponder has the ability to process only one (rarely two) analog television programs at a time. The received analog television program signal is combined by the cable headend 34 and sent to the connected cable system 32. Digital technology lifts the limitation of one program per transponder in analog television distribution systems. FIG. 2 shows an overview of the digital and analog cable television distribution system 40 of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a digital and analog television program signal uplinked to satellite 41 and received by cable headend 42. One analog uplink 44 and two digital uplinks 46 are shown, and one receiving dish 48 is shown. Two exemplary connected cable systems 50 are shown connected to the headend 42. A large number of connected cables can come out of the cable headend 42. The ordinary person skilled in the art is considered to have knowledge of digital coding of moving pictures and related audio. Specifically, a preferred embodiment uses the encoding of the MPEG-2 standard, and one of ordinary skill in the art is considered to have knowledge of the MPEG-2 standard. The MPEG-2 Systems Working Draft Proposal from the International Organization for Standardization's Systems Committee MPEG-2 Systems Working Draft Proposal), Document ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11 NO531 MPEG93, September 10, 1993, incorporated herein by reference. The digital cable distribution system 40 of the present invention generally uses digital compression technology to increase the capacity of existing satellite transponders 52 at least in a 4: 1 ratio, resulting in a quadruple increase in program distribution capacity. Let me. Current digital compression technology can increase program distribution capacity by up to 10 times. This ratio will increase as compression technology advances. Input signals, including television programs, are compressed, combined, coded, and transponded to a variety of receiving sites before satellite transmission. There are a number of existing compression algorithms suitable for the present invention that can result in increased capacity and improved signal quality. One thing achieved with the new system is the effective use of digital compression technology. For example, using current digital compression technology for video, the capacity of a typical 50-channel cable satellite reception system is increased to 300 channels. In current analog configurations, one transponder is used for each channel sent by the satellite (Figure 1). In contrast, one embodiment (not shown) of the distribution system 40 of the present invention uses 18 satellite transponders, has a compression ratio of 4: 1 to 8: 1, and has the ability to have 136 channels sent from the satellite. Achieve. More transponders and higher compression ratios can be used to transmit up to the channel capacity of current systems. A typical program distribution first involves digitizing the video signal. Digitized signals are compressed using one of the many different digital compression techniques available. Three basic types of digital compression technology are available. They are within the frame frame) (intraframe) compression, frame-to-frame (interframe) compression, and intracarrier compression. All of these techniques are used in the MPEG compression standard. Following compression, the channel must be multiplexed and sent to the satellite dish that provides the uplink (eg, the uplink dish 54 of one of the digital uplink 46s). Various multiplexing schemes can be used in this system. In some situations it is preferable to use different multiplexing schemes in different parts of the overall system. For example, one multiplexing scheme can be used for satellite transmission and a second remultiplexing scheme can be used at the cable headend to combine signals for land transmission. When the signal reaches the uplink or master control site 46, it is modulated, upconverted, and amplified. Various types of satellites and transponders 41, 52, each capable of processing digital signals, are used in this cable television packaging and distribution system 40. An example of satellite 41 used in cable television distribution systems is AT & T's Telstar 303. These satellites 41 can be used to transmit both digital and analog programs. In one embodiment, the input signal to the cable television distribution system 20 is packaged by the operation center 56 before the uplink. In this regard, patent application serial number 07/991, filed on December 9, 1992 by the same assignee, 074, "Television Program Packaging and Distribution Systems with Menu-Driven Subscriber Access," which is incorporated herein by reference. The pre-packaged program signal contains information that causes the subscriber's home device to display a menu for selecting a particular program. After packaging, the packaged television program signal is processed for satellite transmission and sent from the Operations Center 56 via satellite transmission to the cable headend 42. Depending on the particular embodiment, the television program signal may need to be compressed, combined and multiplexed, coded, mapped, modulated, up-converted, and amplified. Digital cable distribution systems intended to be compatible with existing C and Ku band satellite transmission technologies are in the range of signal quality and accept video, audio, and data signals from multiple sources. .. When the cable headend 42 receives the programming signal, it is processed and sent to the cable system 50 connected to the subscriber's home. In a preferred example of digital, the signal arrives at the subscriber's home set-top terminal 58 in a compressed format and must be restored before it can be viewed. Depending on the particular embodiment, the television program signal is one or more coaxial cables, fiber cables, twisted. It reaches the subscriber's home via pairs), cellular telephone connectors, personal communication network (PCN) hookups, or other communication media. Any of the various known transmission means and transmitters will be used to transmit the signal using one of the transmission media described. The connection between the subscriber's home and the cable headend 42 allows two-way communication with the cable headend 42. Using this two-way communication, the cable headend 42 can receive information about the subscriber's account, invoices, and programs viewed. The cable headend 42 can also send computer data and computer software information to the subscriber's home. As shown in FIG. 2, the analog cable TV system 40 can continue to exist laterally and inside the digitally compressed system of the present invention. The cable headend 42 may receive analog television programming via satellite 41 and may also receive analog programs locally. Using the cable headend 42 of the present invention, analog television programming is transmitted in combination with the viewer's home along with digital television programming signals. Digital transmission does not affect the analog system 40. In fact, a 6MHz analog cable signal is transmitted simultaneously on the same cable as the digital signal. The two signals are transmitted using separate carrier frequencies. Using the present invention, the cable headend 42 may continue to supply the subscriber with a local channel in analog signal format. Also, the analog signals can be digitized and digitally compressed at the cable headend 42 before being combined. A video service can be used, which accepts analog feeds from all over the country and feeds the analog feeds digitally with multiple video channels. "Repackage" the multiplexed feed input. The cable box or set-top terminal 58 installed in the viewer's home is configured to accommodate digital television programming only, analog only, or both. Bandwidth Allocation Figure 3a shows a cable headend 42 that receives and transmits television programs. More specifically, it refers to a cable headend that receives more television programming than is required and sends the correct television program to the correct part of the cable system. The digital cable headends of the present invention allocate bandwidth in several ways. To fit cable TV systems with different bandwidths and channel capacities, the cable headend sends signals of different bandwidths to multiple parts of the connected cable system. To achieve this breakdown, television programming is divided into priority 1 programming, priority 2 programming, priority 3 programming, and so on. A wide bandwidth cable TV system can accommodate all the divisions of television programming (priorities 1, 2, 3). Systems with limited bandwidth between the cable headend and the viewer's home use a program distribution system by accepting only the number of splits that can be processed within the bandwidth of the cable system. can do. For example, as shown in Figure 3a, three cable television systems 60, 62, 64 with different bandwidths divide the program distribution system 40 and the cable headend 42 into separate parts of the information sent. Used simultaneously with each connected cable system 60, 62, 64 that accepts only what can be processed. Priority 1 television programming is acceptable to all three systems. Priority 2 television programming is digital It is unacceptable for the least capable cable television system, in this example the 48MHz system 60 (a 40-channel analog system with eight 6MHz segments for digital transmission). Priority 2 television programming is accepted and used by two highly capable cable television systems 62,64. Priority 3 television programming is used only for the most capable television system 64. The system can handle all three divisions, namely all of the programming of priorities 1, 2 and 3 (and program menu information if desired). When television programming is divided in this way, the program distribution system 40 and the cable headend 42 can be used simultaneously by a variety of connected cable systems with a variety of system capabilities. By placing very common or profitable programming in the priority 1 partition, both users and owners of cable TV systems are best adapted within the limited bandwidth. .. Using this preferred embodiment, the uplink can send a single signal "s" sent to the cable headend 42 to the satellite 41. Each cable headend 42 accepts the entire signal and removes from it the processing for the local cable system, namely the portion of the satellite signal "s" that the local cable systems 60, 62, 64 cannot process. Perform processing. The uplink 46 must send different signals so that the cable headends 42 of different capabilities each receive the signal, which eliminates the need to do so. There are several ways the cable headend 42 can get rid of unwanted signals. One of ordinary skill in the art will come up with many methods from the above description and the three examples below. The first method is for signals sent as split parts, where each split part has a separate header. Therefore, The cable headend 42 recognizes the header and sends only the signal identified by the appropriate header to the concatenated cable system. For example, using the three connected cable systems 60, 62, 64 shown in FIG. 3a, the headers can be "001", "002", "003". The wide bandwidth connected cable system 64 can accept signals with any of the three headers, and the narrowest bandwidth connected cable system 60 is " Only signals with a "001" header may be accepted. For this first method, the central operation center 56 must divide the program signal into three parts and send a separate header prior to each signal in each part. This method requires additional signal overhead in the header of the program signal. Headers can be sent from time to time, if desired. The second method is to send signals from a set of transponders 52 assigned to each priority level and transponders 52 corresponding to the appropriate priority levels for the connected cable systems 60, 62, 64. Requires a headend 42 and. For example, if there are 3 priority levels and there are 18 transponders 52, the 1st to 9th transponders 52 are at priority level 1, the 10th to 14th transponders 52 are at priority level 2, and so on. The 15th to 18th transponders 52 are assigned to priority level 3. That is, a connected cable system that can only operate at priority level 2 (eg, intermediate bandwidth system 62) will only receive signals from the 1st to 9th and 10th to 14th transponders 52. Received from cable headend 42. The program signal from the 15th to 18th transponders 52 is not transmitted to the priority level 2 cable system. The third method, which is the preferred method, is for the cable headend 42, from each transponder 52. It picks up and selects logging, and uses selected television programming to create unique priority 1, 2, and 3 signals. The cable headend 42 then sends the appropriate proprietary signal to each part of the connected cable system 60, 62, 64 serviced by the cable headend 42. This third method requires that the cable headend 42 have a combiner-like component as described below. This component can be selected from within the program before combining the signals for further transmission to the connected cable system. Thus, one digital program can be selected from one transponder 52 that carries multiple digital programs. Figure 3b shows an example of a cable headend 42 working for two connected cable systems. In particular, Figure 3b shows a modular solution to the problem of sending different signals to different connected cable systems. In this example, the RF signal 70 is received via satellite or a line on the ground and sent to two different groups of devices. FIG. 3b shows a 550 MHz signal (a signal with a bandwidth of 550 MHz and within a spectrum of 0 to 550 MHz) generated by a cable headend digital device or an existing analog device 72. This 550 MHz signal is transmitted across the coupled cable system 74. (In a preferred embodiment, the portion of the spectrum from 0 to 50 MHz is the upstream signal operation from the set-top terminal. It is for activity). A second group of devices 76, which are digital devices, are shown to generate a 200 MHz signal in the range of 550 to 750 MHz. The 550MHz signal (0 to 550MHz) is shown to be combined with the 200MHz signal (550 to 750MHz) to produce a 750MHz signal (0 to 750MHz) for transmission to the second connected cable system 78. Has been done. The multiplexer 80 is used as needed. The system in Figure 3b can support both a 550MHz capability set-top converter box 58 and a 750MHz converter box 78. The 750 MHz set-top terminal 58 in this particular embodiment processes digital video signals in the 550 to 750 MHz range. Using this modular device concept, most combinations of signals of different bandwidths can be generated for transmission to the viewer's home. Also, with this system, analog and digital signals can be sent in the same connected cable system. Combined analog and digital signals including 48MHz, 72MHz, 108MHz, or other digital capacitance bandwidths in a mixed analog digital system. signal) is possible using the example shown in Figure 3b. It is also possible to combine one small bandwidth digital signal (eg, 0 to 550 MHz) with one large bandwidth digital signal (eg, 0 to 770 MHz). Preferably, the device for both group 72 of the 550 MHz device and group 76 of the 200 MHz digital device selects an individual program (channel) from a large number of programs (or channels) received by the multiplex RF signal 70. can do. Also, a particular RF signal 70 may only be sent to group 72 of a 550 MHz device, and other RF signals 70 may only be sent to group 76 of a 200 MHz device. This is achieved by assigning each group of devices to receive signals from a particular satellite transponder 52 (eg, transponders 1-9 are assigned to device group 1 and transponders 10-14 are assigned to device group 2). Will be done. By using a modular headend design, different priority levels can be distributed to the viewer's home. If the transponder 52 is designed or assigned to a particular priority level, each device group is assigned a priority level to receive a signal from the particular transponder. Digital Aspects Figure 4 shows the basic components of a digital headend 42 that has the ability to insert a local program (known as local avail 84). The headend 42 shown here receives the RF signal 70 from each transponder 52, and integrates each signal into a receiver / decoder (integrated receiver). Process via decoder) (IRD86) (or integrated receiver / transmitter (IRT)). The signal of each transponder carries multiple programs (video and audio signals). A demultiplexer 88 is used to allow the local program to be inserted later, and the signal is demultiplexed back into separate video and audio signals. Further, any data carried by the transponder signal is demultiplexed and communicated to the control CPU 90. Information on the local Avail 84 (or local programming) is given to the control CPU 90 either by the operator or manually via a remote signal from the national site (not shown). A workstation 91 or terminal is provided for manual entry of local programming information. Data entry can also be done in a simple terminal with a CRT, but workstation 91 with a graphic display and mouse is preferred. From this workstation 91, a large number of commands and various types of data are given to the control CPU 90. A modem 116 is provided to receive local avail information 84 from a remote location. A variety of communication methods can be used to receive local avail information from remote locations. Using the demultiplexed data signal and local avail information, the control CPU 90 inserts the required local programming with the local insertion device 92. It is preferred that the local insertion device 92 receive the local program (digital format video and audio) directly from another feed 94 for insertion. Another feed 94 can be an analog feed with a digital encoder 96 or a direct digital feed 98. Local programming can be commercial or full program. Local insertion device is control CPU 90 Add a local program to the digital video signal based on the instructions from. After passing through the local insertion device 92, the signal is processed through the multiplexer 100 and the modulator 102 before being transmitted to the viewer's home set-top terminal 58. Using the data signal from the transponder 52 and the local avail information 84, this control CPU 90 generates a digital data signal called the set top terminal control information stream (STTCIS). , Modulated, and sent to Set Top Terminal 58. A variety of information assisting the set-top terminal 58 can be sent in this control information stream (discussed below with Figures 11 and 12). This data signal is not needed for systems with set-top terminals that cannot use STTCIS. Digital Aspects-With Combiner Figure 5a shows the basic components of a cable headend 42 with a combiner 104 that only processes the digital television programming signal 103. The operation of the cable headend 42 is controlled by a control CPU 90 that can receive data signals from a remote source (not shown). After the incoming signal is demodulated by the demodulator 106 and demultiplexed by the demultiplexer 88 into a separate television program, this signal is packet-packeted. It is processed via a switcher) and combined with other television program signals. The combination is done by combiner 104 assisted by control CPU 90. After being combined, the signal is modulated by the modulator 102 and transmitted to one or more connected cable systems 50 to the viewer's home. If different bandwidth television programming is required for different parts of the cable system, the combiner 104 will require more hardware and software. Multiple combiners 104 may be used in parallel or in series to accommodate connected cable systems 50 with different bandwidths, as described below. A plurality of combiners 104 can also be used in the design of the modular system shown in FIG. 3b. A portion of the digital signal received by the headend 42 can be a digital data signal 103 from a remote location. The digital data signal 103 is processed through the demodulator 106 and the demultiplexer 88 before being communicated to the control CPU 90. The control CPU 90 uses this signal to assist in the combination process, if necessary. Digital and Analog Aspects-With Combines Figure 5b shows a system similar to the system in Figure 5a, except that in addition to the digital processing 103, the analog signal 107 is also processed by the headend 42. The analog television program signal 107 is either digitized by the encoder 108 and processed via the combiner 104 or via the analog modulator 110. The MPEG encoder 108, which can be used with various digital coding devices, is suitable. The MPEG encoder 108 performs digitization and compression functions in the same steps. These digitized analog signals 107 are received by the combiner 104 and, if necessary, combined with a digital program signal transmitted to the viewer. Modulated announcer The log signal 107 is simply sent directly to a suitable unused position in the bandwidth of the coupled cable system 50 (currently 6 MHz available bandwidth is required). This method of including an analog program at the headend 42 is used to generate a mixed analog and digital signal for use by the set-top terminal 58. Appropriate set-top terminal equipment is required to process mixed analog and digital program signals. The set-top terminal 58 tunes to the correct 6MHz in the signal spectrum to receive the program transmitted in analog format. Two methods of including the analog signal 107 have been shown at the same headend 42, both of which are sufficient in their own right. Digitization of the analog program signal 107 using the digital encoder 108 is preferred. This method allows for a fully digital output that is sent to the viewer's home. The digital encoder 108 simplifies the local insertion of the program by the control CPU 90. Detailed System Operations Figure 6a shows a more detailed example of the headend 42 of a more advanced system that handles only the digital signal 117. This embodiment shows that the information in the transponder 52 can be packaged or organized by subject prior to transmission to the headend 42. For example, one transponder 52 carries sports programming, the other carries movies, the third carries magazines, and so on. This organization of programming is not necessary for the operation of System 42. This embodiment also provides remote control of the control CPU 90 by modem 116. The example in Figure 6a uses MPEG2 as a digital coding technique. Numerous compression techniques such as MPEG are available and can be used in the present invention. Integrated Receiver Component (IRC) 118, 4, 6 Demodulates and unscrambles (if necessary) the received transponder signal, which may contain information for 8 or more audio and video channels. The IRC118 demodulates the transponder signal into a digital bitstream of multiplexed and digitized MPEG2 format video. In another embodiment, descramble is performed by another descramble device. In yet another embodiment, the multiplexed MPEG signal is encrypted before being transmitted to the headend 42 and can be decrypted by the IRC118. The demultiplexer 120 separates the multiplexed signal into separate separate MPEG format digital channels. Although FIG. 6a shows each ICR 118 being wire-coupled to a particular demultiplexer 120, it is preferred that the demultiplexer 120 have the ability to be cross-connected to any IRC 118. Specifically, the preferred control CPU 90 allocates the demultiplexer 120 to receive the multiplexed MPEG signal 117 from the selected IRC 118. Depending on the received transponder signal, the demultiplexer may have 4, 6, 8 or more cross connections to the combiner 104. The output of the demultiplexer 120 is selectively enabled by the control CPU 90. The demultiplexer-enabled outputs are then input to combiner 104. The control CPU 90 of FIG. 6a can be commanded by a remote site (eg, a national site) via a modem 116 or a similar connector. Therefore, the remote site can control the output of the demultiplexer 120. Also, instead of enabling the output of the demultiplexer 120, the input of the combiner 104 may be selected by the control CPU 90. By enabling or selecting the output of the multiplexer, the control CPU 90 is combined with which television program. It is possible to control whether it is passed and sent to the viewer. The combiner 104 combines the enabled or selected output of the demultiplexer 120 into the appropriate format. The combiner 104 then outputs the signal to the modulator 102. Quadrature Amplitude Modulators (QAM) or similar devices are preferred, but a wide variety of different types of modulation techniques can be used in the present invention. QAM outputs a modulated RF carrier combined with other carriers to cable system 50. The home converter box 58 selects and demodulates a particular channel selected by the user. Cables are the most common transmission medium for the home, but any medium can be used to carry the signal, including fiber, microwave transmission, or telephone lines. FIG. 6b shows an example that is almost the same as that of FIG. 6a, to which an error correction device 124 and a decryption / encryption device 126 are added. Most digital error correctors 124 and techniques can be used to ensure the integrity of digital video and audio data. Error correction can be done at various locations (eg, before demultiplexing or during combiner processing), but it is preferable that error handling be done before the combination. FIG. 6b shows an example in which decryption and encryption (if necessary) are performed by a decryption and encryption device 126 arranged between the demultiplexer 120 and the combiner 104. There is no established cable industry standard for digital encryption. Generally, each seller of a set-top terminal uses a separate encryption and decryption method. In future large digital distribution systems, digital video programs will be encrypted to fit the decryption device of the seller of a particular set-top terminal before the program is delivered. There will be. That is, there arises a problem that the encrypted signal received by the transponder 52 is not compatible with the set-top terminal 58 of the digital headend 42 receiving the service. This problem can be solved by using a decryption and encryption device 126 at the headend 42. Once the signal 117 is demultiplexed into a separate video "channel", it can be decrypted and encrypted 126. Unnecessary darkness The issue format is removed by decryption. A new method of encryption that matches the decryption of the set-top device 58 served by the head-end 42 is by encrypting the signal (at the head-end 42) before sending it to the set-top terminal 58. Can be added. Although various digital encryption methods can be used in the present invention, the digital encryption standard widely used in the defense industry (Digital Encryption). Standard) (DES) is preferred. The decryption and encryption device 126 is shown to be located behind the demultiplexer 120 and between the combiner 104 of the error corrector 124, but can be located in any location. For example, the device may be located within some of the components of the combiner 104 (discussed below) or at different locations with respect to the error corrector 124. FIG. 6c uses a combiner 104 with an MPEG decoder 132 and an analog modulator 134. A digital-in-analog-out headend 42 is shown. The video is received in digital format, processed, converted and sent to Set Top Terminal 58. In this particular design, the video signal is converted from digital format to analog format for transmission (in analog format) to the set-top terminal 58. Using this example, the benefits of transmitting compressed video over satellites are realized without changing the large installed base of the analog set top terminal 58. The RF signal 70 is received by the headend 42 from satellites, ground lines, or other means of communication. The control CPU 90 may be remotely controlled or given a specific instruction locally. The control CPU 90 commands the demultiplexer 120 in identification of a subset of digital video signals. This subset of the video signal is selected for different processing by the headend 42. Following the selection of digital video, the digital video signal is processed through the decoder 132. FIG. 6c shows each signal processed through the MPEG decoder 132. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a wide variety of encoding and decoding methods can be used. Following decoding, each analog video signal is processed through analog modulator 134 prior to transmission to set-top terminal 58 (not shown). Multiple IRC118, hoax A Luciplexer 120, a coder 132 with MPEG, and an analog modulator 134 can be used in this configuration. The size of the headend 42 is limited by the bandwidth available to the subscriber's home. The following is an example of processing one program, such as a sports program. The desired sport program is received at the cable headend 42 from the transponder 52 designated for sport. The demultiplexer 120 assigned to the transponder for sport is instructed to select the desired sport program. The sports program is then decoded into analog format and processed through analog modulator 134. The analog modulator 134 then places its program in the 6 MHz available band of the connected cable system 50 (eg, between 544 MHz and 550 MHz). The combiner 104 can be used in connection with various headend 42 components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the substitution of various components with respect to the headend 42 is possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Hardware of Combiner System Figure 7 shows a more detailed view of an embodiment of a cable headend 42 with combiner 104. Specifically, FIG. 7 shows a component 140, which is the main component of the combiner 104 and includes a component that performs a selection function, and another component 142 that performs a signal combination. The components that perform the selection function include a demultiplexer 144 and a digital logic component 146 that receives instructions from the control CPU 90. The serializer (serializer) 148 performs the final step of the combiner 104, that is, the combination of signals. In this embodiment, the data is received by the control CPU 90, along with any local avail 84. The control CPU 90 is a data communication Generates a number, ie, a set-top terminal control information stream. This data signal is processed by the data converter 102 and transmitted to the set-top terminal 58. The control CPU 90 also sends a control signal to digital logic 146. The control signal tells digital logic 146 that the video should be combined. Digital Logic 146 selects the video to be combined and sends the video signal to the serializer 148 in an appropriate timing sequence. The serializer 148 then generates one signal for transmission to the set-top terminal 58. In addition to providing the combiner 104 with instructions for video selection, the control CPU 90 runs a combination process and monitors this process to ensure the integrity of the combined signal. The hardware configuration of FIG. 7 can be implemented for any number of transponders 52 and video and audio signals. The number of modulators 102 required will vary from embodiment to embodiment. FIG. 8 is a detailed diagram showing a suitable design of the combiner 104. The hardware of the combiner 104 consists of the following logic. That is, they are the configuration block 152, the logic block 153, the control FIFO 154, the FIFO 156, the output gate 158, and the serializer 148. The modulator 102 follows the combiner 104 and modulates the signal before transmitting it to the set-top terminal 58. FIG. 8 can be introduced for any number of video signals. The formation block 152 receives an instruction from the control CPU 90. The forming block 152 commands the control FIFO 154 and the logic block 153 for the video signal to pass through. The forming block 152 forms the combiner 104 by providing the necessary information for allocating the FIFO 156 to process a particular program signal contained in the digital video data stream 168. Logistics Block 153 is composed of the following sublogic elements. That is, they are the receiver 162, the identifier check 164, and the Cyclic Redundancy check. check) (CRC166). Logic block 153 receives the digital video data stream 168, clock signal 170, and formation signal 172 (from the formation block). The logic block 153 outputs the control signal 174 to the control FIFO 154 and outputs the data signal 176 to the bank of the FIFO 156. The receiver 162 and the identifier check 164 use the formation signal 172 to determine the identity of the video data to be passed to the FIFO 156. In this way, logic block 153 divides the video data stream 168 into its component parts. The identifier check 164 checks the address (or other identification data) attached to the video data in order to divide the video data into parts. Each part of the video data is a different program. CRC166 or other checks can be included in the logic block. Each FIFO 156 acts as a buffer, a temporary storage device, sending video packets to the output gate 158. Preferably, one logic gate is associated with each FIFO 156. The FIFO 156 and logic gates commonly used in the electronics industry can provide the desired capabilities. In a preferred embodiment, the FIFO 156 includes a level indicator or "trigger point" to assist the control CPU 90 in closely monitoring the flow of data. To limit the interruption of data segments, the FIFO 156 is preferably large enough to hold the data for an integer number of frames or packets. Programming delays and program scheduling. If minor changes in) are acceptable, the FIFO 156 provides a large temporary storage device. This storage capacity allows a small time shift in programming to prevent overflow conditions. FIFO156 is the worst case, or the best of all channels It must be large enough to handle high burst velocities without overflow. Any loss of data from the FIFO 156 will result in the picture being corrupted. This collapse is very unpleasant for the viewer. In a preferred embodiment where cost and accurate program schedule are important, FIFO156 is not large enough to handle all overflows. It is even more important to consider timing, regardless of the size of the FIFO156. The size of FIFO156 is determined by a set of factors such as cost, allowable loss of data, scheduling and timing considerations. These factors must be balanced to determine the size of FIFO 156 required for any embodiment. Resynchronizing the data is a complex part of the combiner 104 task. Logic block 153 monitors the activity of all FIFO 156s and controls output gate 158 according to a fixed algorithm. The logic block 153 and the control FIFO 154 effectively open and close the gate 158 so that the output to the modulator 102 is kept constant and neither of the FIFO 156s overflows data. It is possible that the data flow may be too slow and that dummy data must be placed on the data stream 168 before the final output to the serializer 148. This is necessary to maintain the full bitstream speed to set-top terminal 58. Output gate 158 passes the video to serializer 148. The serializer 148 converts the data stream 168 (preferably 8-bit wide) from the FIFO 156 into a single-bit output stream. This stream is placed on a cable system or other transmission medium. 9a and 9b show a more detailed view of one hardware example of combiner 104. Figure 9a shows IRD86 and QAM102 The specific hardware of the combiner 104 in one embodiment using. FIG. 9b shows the output control logic 190 that can be located away from the combiner 104. In a preferred embodiment, the output control logic 190 is located between the control CPU 90 and the combiner 104. Referring to FIG. 9a, RF signal 70 is received from satellite 41 and passed to IRD86. The IRD86 processes the signal into an MPEG data signal 176 and a clock signal 170. Both the MPEG data signal 176 and the clock 170 are passed to the digital receiver 162. The receiver 162 receives the serial MPEG data stream and clock information 170 from the IRD86. The receiver 162 converts the data into parallel 8-bit wide information. Each 8-bit piece of information received is compared to the address stored in address check 164'using address check 164'(or another identifier or address check 164'). If the addresses match, the data in that packet is sent to the appropriate FIFO156, which handles the data for that address. If they do not match, the data will not be sent to the misaligned FIFO156. In other words, unwanted video and audio bitstreams are not sent to any FIFO156 and are simply ignored. Each FIFO 156 is assigned to handle a particular video signal. This allocation can be made dynamically. This assignment does not have to be in a particular order and any FIFO 156 can be assigned to any video. In another embodiment with different sized FIFO156s, a faster video signal is assigned to the larger FIFO156. Since the MPEG packet of the video signal is addressed, each FIFO156 is assigned to receive a particular video packet in MPEG format with the appropriate address assigned to that FIFO156. The FIFO control 154 also increments the input address counter of the FIFO 156. This The control logic 154 can monitor the level of video packet input to the FIFO 156, and sends an appropriate signal to the control CPU 90 when the FIFO 156 reaches its capacity. It also allows the control CPU 90 to monitor the level of each FIFO 156. The FIFO control block 154 increments the input and output address counters of the FIFO 156. In this way, the FIFO control block 154 can follow both input and output flows to each FIFO 156. The Click Redundancy Check (CRC166) calculates the CRC166 of the data section of a packet on the fly. That way, when the last byte of data is latched into FIFO156, the calculated CRC166 can be compared to the CRC166 attached to the last part of the data section of the packet. If there is a difference in one or more bits of the 32-bit CRC166, an error flag is set to indicate that a defective packet is coming through. The control CPU 90 and the control logic 154 must decide whether to pass the defective packet. It may also be possible to correct the error downstream of serializer 148 and before modulation. Multiple packets are forwarded to the serializer 148 each time the egress gate 158 is enabled. In a preferred embodiment, no subset of packets are forwarded to the serializer 148. The serializer 148 converts the 8-bit wide data from the FIFO 156 into a single-bit output stream. Software Figure 10a is a high level flow chart of the software present in the control CPU 90 for operating the combiner 104. The control CPU 90 sends the combiner 104 the appropriate instructions to the various components to ensure the appropriate video selection, and the video signals are combined in the appropriate way. The software shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c and described below. A can be implemented in hardware rather than software. Software routines may be hardwired as part of combiner 104. The control CPU 90 first receives a command from the central site (block 200). These commands include which video signal should be selected, other information such as the type of signal (fast or slow video signal), whether the video is encrypted, the encryption method used, etc. Is included. Videos can be categorized or "typed" by the bit rate of the data flow, such as slow media and fast data flow. High-speed video with a lot of movement or fast-changing video requires a "faster" bit rate than slow-moving or still video. Some video segments (or channels) require less data flow (slow video signals) due to less background movement or movement, while other video segments have more background movement and more detail. It changes and requires more data flow (fast video signal). For example, sports and movie motion scenes require more video data than still images or images with almost blue sky backgrounds. In a preferred embodiment, this type of information on the video segment is received from the central site by the control CPU 90. Also, the video type information (fast or slow) can be determined using the digital device on the headend 42. This digital device senses the amount of data and determines the type of video being received. Upon receiving information at 200 from the central site, the control CPU 90 checks if the video combination requested by the central site is an acceptable video feed combination (block 204). If the central site (block 200) requests a combination that exceeds the capabilities of the combiner 104 device located at the cable headend 42, a notification signal (block 208) requesting new information will be sent to the central site. Sent to (block 200). A combination of video feeds (judgment block 204) has too many video feeds (which is determined by decision block 204) and too many video packets to combine (or many fast-changing videos). It can be inappropriate for a variety of reasons, including (too fast video). Only one verification check is shown for the information received from the central site, but those skilled in the art will be aware that multiple verification checks can be performed on the information received from the central site. Let's do it. After proof, a notice or rejection signal may be sent to the central site. Following the proof check, the control CPU 90 sends the video formation data to the formation logic (functional block 212). This formation data informs the combiner 104 of each video signal to select and each de-select signal. The software that receives the information from the central site (block 200) proves it and generates the formation data to send to the formation logic (block 212). This can be done at irregular intervals. Other parts of the software should be run on a regular basis. The control CPU 90 monitors each FIFO 156 (block 216) to determine what percentage of the capacity of the FIFO 156 is filled. To achieve this tie, the control CPU 90 receives electrical signals from either the control FIFO 154 or the individual FIFO 156s. These signals are analyzed to determine the level of each FIFO 156. After this analysis, the control CPU 90 determines if any of the FIFO 156s is above the first threshold level set to the percentage of capacity to be filled (eg, 75% is filled) (decision block). 220). If one of the FIFO 156s exceeds the first threshold level of the capacity to be filled, an overflow condition exists. If an overflow condition exists, the control CPU 90 will check which information Steps must be taken to determine if the ket can be removed or 224. This will be further described in FIG. 10c. The system controls the output gate after a reasonable number of packets of data have been removed to eliminate the overflow condition (block 228). Of course, if not in an overflow state, the system can go directly to control the output gate, 228. The control CPU 90 commands the output gate to open at the appropriate time (block 228). This is specified in detail in the description of Figure 10b below. Following control of the output gate (block 228), the CPU 90 determines whether it has received more information from the central site (block 200) or whether it is time to reconfigure the selected video (decision block). 232). If the control CPU 90 receives new signals from the central site (block 200), it processes those signals and determines if there are any changes to the video selection. If no signal is received from the central site, it is further determined whether a time period, such as 1 hour or 30 minutes, has been reached when a change to the selected video is requested. If a change is required or a new formation is required, the software circulates to the subroutine that handles the formation. Figure 10b is an example of the software flow for controlling the output gate (block 228). The control CPU 90 receives specific information about the level of data in each FIFO 156 (functional block 236). It checks each FIFO 156 to determine the percentage of the filled FIFO 156 capacity (block 240). Following this check, the control CPU 90 determines the priority of each FIFO 156 at 244 for sequencing. A variety of analytical and statistical methods can be used to determine the priority of each FIFO 156 for sequencing. Factors to be considered are: That is, the video fee to that FIFO156 Whether the device is considered and so designated as a high speed video feed, how quickly the FIFO 156 receives further information from the video feed, and the FIFO 156 has recently removed video packets. Is it? The easiest way to determine the priority is simply to make the FIFO 156, which has the least available capacity (remaining capacity), the number one priority for sequencing. In this way, FIFO156s can be sequenced according to their level. However, other information should be considered in order to prioritize FIFO 156 more accurately and obtain better results from combiner 104. For example, a FIFO 156 that receives a "fast" video signal and receives a large amount of video data in a recent sampling may receive "slow" video and the recent sampling receives the data at a slow speed. It is preferable to request a higher priority than the similarly satisfied FIFO156, which indicates. Most overflow conditions can be avoided with proper prioritization. Following the priority, the control CPU 90 steps to the next priority, FIFO156 (functional block 248). At this time, the control CPU 90 emits a signal at 252 to the output gate of the appropriate FIFO 156 to release the video and audio information. Figure 10c shows a simple example of how the control CPU 90 handles the overflow condition using software. This subroutine 224 must determine which packets of video and audio information should be removed and how many packets should be removed. Before exiting this subroutine, the software must correct the overflow condition, as represented by functional block 256. The first step in this subroutine is for the software to check for the particular FIFO 156 that triggered the overflow condition. Then the subroutine Determines if the next MPEG video packet of that particular FIFO156, the overflow FIFO156, is a less important packet (determination block 260). Less important video packets can be defined in many ways. However, timing and synchronization information is considered important in most cases. A less important video packet One example is a packet that contains details about a video image. The less important MPEG video packets provide video information for the details of the video. If the next MPEG packet is found to be a less important packet (eg, details), block 264 may remove the less important packet. If the next packet in the overflow FIFO 156 is not a less important packet, the system moves to the next FIFO 156 at the second highest level of capacity (block 268). Subroutine 224 now returns to check this FIFO 156 to determine if the next MPEG packet is a less important MPEG packet (block 260). Checking each FIFO 156 for lower importance packets This loop continues until either less important packets are found or each FIFO 156 is checked. Once either the subroutine 224 finds the packet to be removed or goes around all the FIFO 156s, it proceeds to the next determination. The next decision in Subroutine 224 is to determine if further packets need to be removed. To make this determination, Subroutine 224 determines in decision block 272 whether any FIFO 156 exceeds a set second threshold level (eg, 80 or 90% filled). judge. If there is a FIFO 156 above the second threshold level, Subroutine 224 will be an MPEG video par. Remove the entire ket (block 276). However, the timing information is not removed. Preferably, the packets to be removed are those whose subroutine 224 is fine. It is an MPEG video packet from the same FIFO156 where packet) was removed. If the second threshold level has not been reached, Subroutine 224 checks to see if it has reached the first threshold level (block 280). If the first threshold level is also exceeded, Subroutine 224 starts anew and looks for FIFO156 with detailed MPEG packets to be removed. Multiple threshold levels can be checked (eg, 75%, 85%, 95%), depending on the degree of change in action taken to prevent overflow problems. The higher the threshold, the more detrimental (or dangerous) the action taken by Subroutine 224 to prevent significant disruption of the signal to the viewer. Although this subroutine 224 can be performed in many ways, it is preferable that the MPEG packet (block 276), which has the least impact on the video (less important), is removed first. Therefore, the sync signal is not removed. It is preferable that the MPEG video packet of the detail part of the information is removed first. Using the subroutine 224 shown here, it is assumed that the MPEG packet (block 276) in the details of the fast moving video is the first packet to be removed. These packets are the packets that have the least impact on the image to the subscriber. Since this is a fast-moving video image, one MPEG packet that provides the details of the image is unnoticed by the viewer. If it is required to remove larger, more important packets of information, the viewer will notice a momentary pause in the video image or a slight distortion in a subset of the screen. .. This happens because the new video for refreshing the screen is removed and the new image is delayed. Those skilled in the art will use many subroutines 224 that can control overflow conditions. You will notice that you get. Advanced Example Figure 11 gives an overview of the operation of the more complex program distribution system 40. FIG. 12 shows a preferred embodiment of a digital cable headend 42 that supports this more complex program distribution system 40. This embodiment incorporates the combiner 104 into an advanced cable distribution system that provides the viewer with programming information and advanced television features. The headend 42 of this embodiment is shown in two parts: the signal processor 300 and the network controller 304. The combiner 104 is a part of the signal processor 300. The operation center 56 shown is the central site 200, which controls the packaging and distribution of the program. Program packaging includes the organization of digital information about the program and television program for use by the cable headend 42 and the viewer. In a preferred embodiment, the packaged program signal is handled at the master control uplink site 46 before being transmitted to satellite 41. Single channel per carrier (SCPC) frequency division multiplex (FDM) and multiple channel per carrier (MCPC) time division multiplexing (TDM) (multiple channel per carrier) (MCPC) time division Multiplex access schemes and architectures for various satellites, including both with multiplexing (TDM)), are used in this system. Time division multiplexing is a more preferred scheme. The signal is transmitted by satellite 41 to the cable headend 42, where the signal is processed and sent over the cable to the subscriber's home. The Operations Center was entitled OPERATIONS CENTER FOR ACABLE TELEVISION DELIVERY SYSTEM, December 1993.<u style="single">2</u>Patent application No. 1 submitted by the same assignee on the same day<u style="single">PCT / US93 / 11617</u>It is explained in detail in the issue, and this is used here. The cable headend 42 receives a digitally compressed and multiplexed signal from satellite 41 and processes it to further distribute it to the subscriber's home. The cable headend 42 of this embodiment performs two main functions in the cable distribution system. That is, as a distribution center that sends the signal processor 300 and digitally compressed signals to the subscriber, and as an operation center 56 or other remote site (eg, not shown, region) that receives information from the subscriber and distributes that information. Acts as a network controller 304 to pass to digital, statistical, and billing sites). To perform these two functions, the cable headend 42 of a preferred embodiment comprises two computer processors that work in harmony. By using two processors that perform different functions, the speed and capacity of the cable headend 42 is increased without significant cost increase. One processor, the control CPU 90 of the signal processing system, handles the reception, processing, and combination of satellite 41 signals for distribution to subscribers. The second processor acts as the network controller 304 and monitors the activity of the subscriber's set-top terminal 58. The cable headend 42 is operated by a single CPU, or a control CPU 90 and a series of CPUs that perform network control functions. The signal processing system 300 handles signals for use by the subscriber's set-top terminal 58 as needed. In the simplest embodiment, the amount of processing required by the signal processing system 300 is limited to demultiplexing and frequency allocation. However, in a preferred embodiment, the signal processing system 300 demultiplexes the signal, processes the signal through the combiner 104, assigns frequencies, and then distributes the signal to the subscribers. , Remultiplex the signal using a different multiplexing scheme. Further, for embodiments where local uptime control is desired at the cable headend 42, the signal processing system 300 must be capable of compressing the signal of satellite 41 and adding different signals. .. To incorporate local programming, the signal processing system 300 demultiplexes the satellite 41 signal, compresses the local programming, combines the compressed local program with the satellite 41 signal, and then Multiplex the signal before sending it to the subscriber's terminal 58. Local programming in analog format can also be combined by combiner 104, as previously described. Most of the activity required to incorporate local programming is done automatically by the signal processing system 300. In a preferred embodiment, the signal processing system 300 comprises all the necessary digital switching capabilities to service many subscribers and multiple connected cable systems 50 as shown in FIG. Although possible, it is preferable that the cable headend 42 does not decompress any video. The signal received by the cable headend 42 is restored before being transmitted from the headend 42 to the subscriber's location only if the compression algorithm used for the cable system is different from that used for the satellite transmission 41. Must be done. Individual compression algorithms can be used to maintain the desired signal quality and throughput across both transmission media. Also, if the operator of the cable headend 42 wants to send a local analog signal to the viewer in digital form, digital compression is required. These analog signals received by the cable headend 42 are coded prior to transmission to the viewer's home. Required (discussed above in Figures 4 and 5b). In a preferred embodiment, two-way communication takes place between the network controller 304 and the set-top terminal 58 over a cable line. Interactive television programming can be adapted through network controller 304. In addition, the network controller 304 can access the set-top terminal 58 via a telephone line for problem solving, special features, or advanced reprogramming. To perform this function, the network controller 304 must work closely with the signal processing system 300. In many cases, the data signal (also called the program control information signal) received from the operation center 56 must be modified before it is sent to the set-top terminal. These changes to the program control information are made by the network controller 304 working with the signal processing system 300 to send the set-top terminal 58 control information stream (STTCIS). From the signal processing system 300, the network controller 304 is cable franchise specific added by the operations center 56. Receives program control information signals including information). The network controller 304 modifies the program control information signal, if necessary, and communicates the new information to the signal processing system 300. The signal processing system 300 then sends that information to the set-top terminal 58 in the form of STTCIS. In most cases, the network controller 304 modifies its program control information signal by adding more information. In a simple embodiment, the program control information signal may be passed unchanged through the cable headend 42 to the set-top terminal 58. The signal processing system 300 adds simple local availability (eg, local advertising) to the signal sent to the set-top terminal 58, while the network controller 304 is interactive. Handles any of the more advanced local programming requirements, such as programming or specific data services. The network controller 304 receives any electrical signal sent by the set-top terminal 58, including a signal that responds to an interactive service request and some data service requests. Network controller 304 coordinates the switching and access required to allow subscribers to receive these services. Network controller 304 assists in making "on-the-fly programming" changes, masking a portion of the subscriber's television screen (splitting the screen video), the same video Tiered, assisting interactive features, assisting in selecting different audio signals (foreign languages) for Has the ability to assist in creating programming). For dimensional changes to programming (eg, for local emergencies or regional critical events), operators using the network controller 304 "on the fly" the program control information signal. It can be changed with, and the change menu is available to subscribers. This adapts a short notification change for program packaging that could not be previously given to Operations Center 56. In order to apply split screen technology to promotional and demo videos, undesired parts of the screen video must be masked. The network controller 304 can send the necessary control information to inform the set-top terminal 58 to mask a portion of the video on a particular channel. For example, a video channel with a split screen showing four different videos requires a 3/4 mask for the viewer to focus on the featured video clip. Network Controller, December 1993, entitled NETWORK CONTROLLER FOR CABLE TELEVISION SYSTEM<u style="single">2</u>No. 1 patent application filed by the same assignee on the same day<u style="single">PCT / US93 / 11616</u>It is explained in detail in the issue, and this is used here. Examples of multiple digital cable headends 42 have been shown. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications are possible to the designs presented herein. Also, based on the examples presented herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the headend 42 can be configured in a variety of ways using the combiner 104 as a component. The terms and descriptions used herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.
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| CN1090452A | China | A | |
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35 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Cancellation because of completion of termEXPY | EXPY | |
| Receipt of annual feesJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250R250 | R250 | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Written notification of registration of transferJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350R350 | R350 | |
| Request for change of ownership or part of ownershipJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113S111 | S111 | |
| Written request for registration of change of domicileJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531S531 | S531 | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Written notification for declining of transfer of rightsJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360R360 | R360 | |
| Transfer withdrawnWithdrawnJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R371R371 | R371 | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Written notification for declining of transfer of rightsJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360R360 | R360 | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Request for change of ownership or part of ownershipJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113S111 | S111 | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Certificate of patent or registration of utility modelJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150R150 | R150 | |
| First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61A61 | A61 | |
| Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01A01 | A01 | |
| Decision of grant or rejection writtenTRDD | TRDD | |
| Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01A01 | A01 | |
| Decision of grant or rejection writtenTRDD | TRDD | |
| Notification of acceptance of power of attorneyJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422RD02 | RD02 | |
| Notification of resignation of power of attorneyJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424RD04 | RD04 | |
| Written amendmentJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523A521 | A521 | |
| Written permission of extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602A602 | A602 | |
| Written request for extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601A601 | A601 | |
| Notification of reasons for refusalJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131A131 | A131 | |
| Notification of change in applicantJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711A711 | A711 | |
| Written amendmentJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523A521 | A521 | |
| Written permission of extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602A602 | A602 | |
| Written request for extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601A601 | A601 | |
| Notification of reasons for refusalJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131A131 | A131 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 3807679
- Application
- 1994514225
Titles2
- Japanese
- ケーブルテレビ配給システムのデジタル・ケーブル・ヘッドエンド
- English
- Digital cable headend for cable TV distribution systems
Classification
- CPC, 94
- H04N21/4786
- H04N7/16
- H04H20/02
- H04H20/06
- H04H20/10
- H04H20/42
- H04H20/78
- H04H20/79
- H04H20/95
- H04H60/04
- H04H60/13
- H04H60/22
- H04H60/23
- H04H60/39
- H04H60/47
- H04H60/66
- H04H60/72
- H04H60/74
- H04H60/94
- H04H60/96
- H04H60/97
- H04H2201/70
- H04M1/57
- H04N5/445
- H04N5/44504
- H04N5/45
- H04N5/602
- H04N7/088
- H04N7/0882
- H04N7/0884
- H04N7/0887
- H04N7/10
- H04N7/102
- H04N7/163
- H04N7/165
- H04N7/173
- H04N7/17318
- H04N7/17336
- H04N7/17354
- H04N21/2181
- H04N21/21815
- H04N21/2187
- H04N21/2221
- H04N21/235
- H04N21/23608
- H04N21/2362
- H04N21/2381
- H04N21/2389
- H04N21/252
- H04N21/2543
- H04N21/258
- H04N21/25891
- H04N21/26208
- H04N21/26283
- H04N21/2668
- H04N21/4181
- H04N21/4184
- H04N21/42204
- H04N21/42653
- H04N21/4312
- H04N21/4314
- H04N21/4316
- H04N21/4331
- H04N21/4344
- H04N21/4345
- H04N21/435
- H04N21/4385
- H04N21/44204
- H04N21/44222
- H04N21/443
- H04N21/4532
- H04N21/454
- H04N21/4622
- H04N21/4668
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- H04N21/812
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- H04N21/8166
- H04N21/8173
- H04N21/8586
- H04H20/86
- H04N21/42206
- H04N21/426
- IPC, 84
- H04N7 173
- G06Q30 00
- G06F15 00
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