Method for soil-erosion control works or shore protection works, and structure for soil-erosion control or shore protection

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]

【0001】

[Technical field to which the invention belongs]

The present invention relates to a method for easily and effectively performing sabo works, revetment works, etc. on mountain streams and rivers in mountain streams and other rivers without destroying the natural environment.

【0002】

[Conventional technology]

The floors of mountain streams and rivers (hereinafter referred to as "river beds, etc.") are constantly eroded by the downward flow of debris, etc. on the valley floor by water currents, and are widespread and rapid, especially in the case of floods. It is severely eroded by the generation of strong debris flow. If this is left unattended without any measures, not only the riverbed, but also the bases of the riverbanks, riverbanks, embankments, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "rivershores, etc.") will be deeply scooped out by this erosion, and the valleys, etc. Will collapse and a large amount of earth and sand will be deposited on the shore, etc., which will further increase the risk of debris flow.

【0003】

In order to prevent the collapse of the shore, the shore, etc. due to such a debris flow, sabo dam construction, floor consolidation work, revetment work, etc. have been usually carried out as mountain stream construction in the river basin.

【0004】

Sabo dam (dam) construction has been the most widely constructed since ancient times, and dams or fences are installed on the valley floor at appropriate intervals so as to cross the mountain stream, and debris is deposited upstream of the valley floor. Etc. are raised to harden the floor, and the momentum of water flow and debris flow is relaxed.

【0005】

In addition, the floor fixing work is the work of solidifying the valley floor with stone, concrete, etc., and the revetment work is the work of covering the side walls of the valley shore with concrete, etc. These works prevent erosion of the valley floor and shore.

【0006】

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, the mountain stream, etc. extends over a long distance in the basin of the mountain stream / river, and the width of the mountain stream, etc. becomes wider toward the downstream. There is a problem that a large number of large-scale dams and the like must be installed and the side walls of the river basin and the like must be covered with concrete and the like, which requires enormous construction work and cost.

【0007】

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a construction method for preventing erosion of a valley floor, a valley, etc. using steel ropes and steel nets, which does not require enormous construction work and cost. The purpose. That is, the net has little resistance to the flowing water flow and the like, but greatly resists the force to push up the net from below, which is extremely effective in solving this problem.

【0008】

[Means for solving problems]

In order to solve the above problems, the sabo construction method disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention is a sabo construction method for preventing erosion of the mountain stream, and is directly based on at least two vertical lines. A step of fixing the plurality of vertical ropes to each other by at least two horizontal ropes at appropriate intervals, and a step of connecting the plurality of vertical ropes to each other by at least two horizontal ropes, and at least two nets corresponding to the number of the horizontal ropes are upstream of the mountain stream. The nets are substantially opposed to each other in the water flow direction so as to exist at appropriate intervals from the to the downstream side, and moored by the vertical rope and the horizontal rope or the mooring rope connected to the vertical rope. It is characterized by having a step to do.

【0009】

Here, the base may be a standing tree, a rock, or an artificial structure.

【0010】

Further, the step of indirectly fixing the vertical rope to the base may include a step of connecting the two bases with an auxiliary rope and connecting the vertical rope to the auxiliary rope.

【0011】

The sabo construction method according to the present invention may further include a step of connecting a fence member to the net and / or the vertical rope and the horizontal rope, and the fence member is an elongated iron wire gabion filled with rocks. It may be a heavy object such as a connected concrete block.

【0012】

The revetment construction method disclosed in another embodiment of the present invention is a revetment construction method for preventing erosion of a shore, a river bank, or an embankment, and is a shore, a river shore, along the shore of a mountain stream. Alternatively, a step of establishing a solid first base on the embankment or outside of them, and placing the net along the shore of the mountain stream so that the length direction of the net is parallel to the flow of the mountain stream, and at least two of the above A step of connecting the upper side of the net to the first base, and a step of fixing the lower side of the net hanging on the slope of a revetment, a river, or an embankment to a second base provided on the riverbed. It is characterized by having.

【0013】

Here, the first base may be an artificial structure or a standing tree, and the second base may be an artificial structure or a rock.

【0014】

Further, the revetment construction method according to the present invention includes a step of directly or indirectly fixing at least two vertical ropes to a third base, the vertical rope, and a mooring rope connected to the vertical rope. It may further have a step of mooring the net, and the third base may be a standing tree, a rock, or an artificial structure.

【0015】

The sabo and revetment construction methods disclosed in the further embodiments of the present invention are the sabo construction method for preventing the erosion of the mountain stream and the revetment construction method for preventing the erosion of the shore, the riverbank, or the embankment. There is a step of fixing at least two longitudinal ropes directly or indirectly to the first base, and at least two nets at appropriate intervals from the upstream side to the downstream side of the mountain stream. A step of mooring each net substantially in the direction of water flow and mooring with the vertical rope and a mooring rope connected to the vertical rope, and along the shore of the mountain stream, along the shore of the mountain stream, the river bank, or the embankment. Or a step of establishing a solid second base on the outside of them, a step of connecting the upper sides of each of the nets to at least two of the second bases, and hanging on a revetment, river, or embankment slope. It is characterized by having a third base provided on the riverbed or a step of fixing the lower side of the net to one of the vertical ropes.

【0016】

Here, the sabo and revetment construction method according to the present invention assists between the second base and the third base or one of the vertical ropes before the step of connecting each upper side of the net. It may further have a step of installing the mooring, which may be a bamboo blind cover with wooden, concrete or plastic rods, or a sheet of cloth.

【0017】

Further, the first base may be a standing tree, a rock, or an artificial structure, the second base may be a plurality of artificial structures, or a plurality of standing trees, and the third base may be an artificial structure. , Or it may be rock.

【0018】

According to the present invention, for sabo and / and revetment, a mooring material made of a steel net is used for the sabo and / and the shore, etc., so that a huge amount of construction work and cost are not required. In addition, it is possible to firmly protect the valley floor and the valley shore.

【0019】

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, the steel rope, the steel net, etc. (the net woven with the steel rope or the iron wire, etc., hereinafter referred to as net) according to the present invention can be used to easily and effectively cover the valley floor, etc. One embodiment of the method of preventing erosion will be described in detail.

【0020】

First, a sabo construction method to which the present invention is applied and an embodiment of a sabo structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

【0021】

FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining sabo works and sabo structures for mountain streams / rivers in the first embodiment to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 1 shows a plurality of vertical ropes 1, two bases (standing trees in the present embodiment), two mooring objects 3, an auxiliary rope 4, and two horizontal ropes 5.

【0022】

The vertical rope 1 is connected to the auxiliary rope 4, and the auxiliary rope 4 is tied to the bases 2 on both banks. Therefore, the vertical rope 1 is fixed to the base 2 via the auxiliary rope 4. The mooring object 3 is connected to a plurality of vertical ropes 1 (three in the present embodiment) and one horizontal rope 5, and is composed of a net for covering a valley floor or the like, which is a feature of the present invention.

【0023】

In the present invention, the material of the net constituting the vertical rope 1, the auxiliary rope 4, the horizontal rope 5, and the mooring object 3 is not particularly limited, but has at least desired strength, and is excellent in water resistance and durability. There is a need. As an example, steel ropes can be mentioned for the vertical rope 1, the auxiliary rope 4, and the horizontal rope 5, and the net can be made of steel. Given the strength of steel ropes and steel nets in practical use today, even if the steel nets are moored and fixed in place, the steel ropes will be cut or moored by natural force. It is unlikely that a large amount of accumulated stones will be washed away downstream due to a large deviation of the object.

【0024】

Various types of steel ropes, such as those described in JIS G 3525, can be considered, and the cutting load also varies depending on the presence or absence of surface treatment, the twist, the diameter, and the like. Therefore, the steel rope to be used appropriately may be selected in consideration of various conditions such as the size of the earth and stone on the valley floor and the flow velocity of the mountain stream at the installation location of the structure of the present invention.

【0025】

Standing trees, firmly fixed rocks, or artificial structures such as concrete blocks can be used for the base 2.

【0026】

In this embodiment, a standing tree is used as the base 2, but in this case, the standing tree does not have to be a giant tree, but it must be rooted to some extent. If you are uncertain whether the standing tree you want to use has the strength as a base 2, instead of using two standing trees as in this embodiment, fix the auxiliary rope 4 to more standing trees. You may do it. This point also applies to each of the following embodiments. In particular, standing trees can be effectively used as base 2 for sabo and revetment works in mountain streams.

【0027】

The auxiliary rope 4 can be fixed to the base 2 by a known method such as winding, fixing with metal fittings, or tying. Further, the vertical rope 1 and the auxiliary rope 4 can be easily connected by using, for example, metal fittings usually used for connecting the steel ropes to each other. Furthermore, no special method is required for mooring the mooring object 3 with the vertical rope 1. In short, any method may be used as long as it is a method of utilizing the strength of the rope and the mooring object 3 and the earth and stones on the valley floor are not washed away downstream.

【0028】

Mud is usually washed away on the valley floor, and innumerable large and small hard rocks are deposited. In the present embodiment, in order to prevent the movement of such rocks and form a solid natural valley bed, etc., the valley bed, etc. is covered with a net, which is a mooring object 3, and inside and outside the mountain stream / river, A plurality of vertical ropes 1 connected to a solid base along the flow are installed, and these are further connected by horizontal ropes 5, and the nets are moored to these vertical and horizontal steel ropes 1 and horizontal ropes 5 to connect the nets. It is fixed.

【0029】

Rocks such as valley floors covered with nets, earth and sand, etc. are irregular in shape, size, etc., but by making the mesh of the net an appropriate size, most of them are entangled with the mesh of the net. Movement to the downstream is severely restricted as a whole. In addition, new rocks and the like that have flowed from upstream of the net gradually stay on the net once it has been installed. Therefore, the net and the rocks such as the valley floor covered with the net are more firmly fixed to the valley floor and the like to form a solid valley floor and the like. Further, when it is necessary to form a solid valley bed or the like, the net in the structure may be doubled or tripled and moored. In this case, it may be necessary to increase the number of standing trees at base 2 accordingly.

【0030】

According to the present embodiment, the above-mentioned structure can prevent the rocks deposited on the valley floor or the like from moving downstream, thereby stabilizing the valley floor or the like and preventing erosion of the valley floor or the like. ..

【0031】

If the number of rocks existing on the valley floor or the like is not sufficient depending on the area or the like, rocks or wood may be artificially laid.

【0032】

FIG. 2 is a schematic view for explaining a mountain stream, a river sabo work, and a sabo structure in a second embodiment to which the present invention is applied. In the second embodiment, the base 2 is installed on the hillside, the auxiliary rope 4 is not used to fix the mooring object 3 by the vertical rope 1, and the fence member 6 is further provided. Different from the form.

【0033】

In FIG. 2, the mooring object 3 is moored to the vertical line 1 and the horizontal line 5 connected to the vertical line 1 at appropriate intervals. The vertical line 1 mooring the mooring object (net) 3 is connected to the base 2 installed on the slope (hillside) of the mountain where the mountain stream / river flows, straddling the mountain ridge and opposite the mountain (not shown). It can be extended to a slope and fixed to another base 2 on the opposite slope of the mountain.

【0034】

The size, material, installation position, etc. of the artificial structure of the base 2 may be appropriately selected on a case-by-case basis. A base consisting of cubic or columnar concrete blocks, etc., because the number of bases 2 may be insufficient or there may be no standing trees at appropriate locations if only the standing trees that exist in a predetermined position due to the steep slope of the valley floor, etc. Installation of 2 is recommended.

【0035】

In addition, when it is considered that the net similar to the first embodiment alone cannot appropriately prevent the movement of the rock beneath it downstream due to the high flow velocity of the mountain stream or the like, the case where it is considered that the movement of the rock beneath the net cannot be appropriately prevented. A fence member 6 on the front or back surface of the net, which is the mooring object 3, so as to be substantially perpendicular to the flow of the mountain stream, for example, a heavy object such as a concrete block in which a long and narrow iron wire gabion filled with rock is connected to the net and / or a vertical rope 1 And by mooring and installing on the horizontal rope 5, it is possible to prevent the rock from moving downstream more effectively.

【0036】

When only one fence member 6 is provided, rocks may accumulate there and an excessive load may be applied to the vertical rope 1 and the like. To prevent this, a plurality of fence members 6 are provided at appropriate intervals along the mountain stream. It is desirable that the fence member 6 of the above is installed on the net or the vertical rope 1.

【0037】

According to the first or second embodiment of the present invention, a vast valley floor or the like can be solidified in whole or in part, and even if the method is implemented, the environment is destroyed. I can't think of that. Furthermore, since the unevenness of rocks close to nature can be maintained even after the valley floor or the like is covered with a net, such a valley floor or the like also has the effect of alleviating the momentum of the water flow of the mountain stream.

【0038】

Further, by applying the present invention, it is easy to prevent a scour phenomenon in which a valley floor or the like directly under a dam, a dam, or the like is scoured by the water pressure of a suddenly falling water stream.

【0039】

Regarding the construction of a solid base to counter the strong tension applied to the vertical rope 1, it is the same as in the case of facilities such as sabo dams that use steel ropes, etc. of the previous application (Japanese Patent Application No. 10-519215). , Natural mountain ridges, standing trees, man-made structures, embankments, etc. may be used.

【0040】

Further, as in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, if only one mooring object 3 is installed on the downstream side of a mountain stream / river or near the foot of a mountain, a considerably long object is required. Therefore, it is preferable to use two or more and juxtapose them from upstream to downstream along the mountain stream. Then, the mooring objects 3 may be connected to each other by a connecting rope or the like (not shown). In that case, a part of earth and sand may flow down from between the mooring objects 3 to the downstream side, but since the force applied to the mooring object 3 is dispersed, the structure of the present invention is prevented from being destroyed.

【0041】

Next, a revetment work for a revetment, a river bank, and an embankment (revetment, etc.) to which the present invention is applied, and an embodiment of a revetment structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

【0042】

FIG. 3 is a schematic view for explaining a construction method for revetment of a mountain stream and a revetment structure in a third embodiment to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 3, the net, which is the mooring object 3, is connected to a solid base 7 provided on the upper part of the shore or the like, or on the outside of the levee in the case of the levee, and hangs down on the slope of the shore or the like. , Connect the lower part of the net to a fixed base 7'(which may be a heavy object (for example, rock) that acts as a base) provided on the valley floor, etc., and fix it on the slope of the valley, etc. Will be done.

【0043】

Since the purpose of this embodiment is to protect the shore, the mooring object 3 should be along the shore of the mountain stream, in other words, the long direction of the net, which is the mooring object 3, should be parallel to the flow of the mountain stream. It is moored.

【0044】

Since there are various shapes of the shore and the like, the shape of the net may be arbitrarily deformed according to the shape, but if the purpose is to protect the shore as described above, a long one along the mountain stream is preferable.

【0045】

As described above, according to the present embodiment, by covering the valley shore with a net, sediment and gravel are accumulated on the back side or around the mooring object 3 with the passage of time, and the rocks flow downstream due to the flow of the mountain stream. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent erosion collapse of the shore and the like, and the shore and the like are protected.

【0046】

With the above method, if the net cannot be securely fixed to the shore, etc. (for example, if the shore of the mountain stream / river is soft clay-like, or if the flow is fast, etc.), a separate base 2 will be set up. There is a need. In this case, two or a plurality of standing trees standing along a mountain stream may be used as a base 2, and a vertical rope 1 may be arranged between the bases 2, and a mooring object 3 may be moored from the vertical rope 1 so as to hang down. ..

【0047】

FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining the construction for the purpose of revetment of the mountain stream and the revetment structure in the fourth embodiment to which the present invention is applied. This fourth embodiment has almost the same structure as the structure in the third embodiment described above, except that the mooring object 3 is firmly fixed by using the vertical cord 1.

【0048】

In the method shown in the third embodiment (Fig. 3), when a huge amount of water flows rapidly as in the case of a flood or the like, gravel or the like will flow downstream just by fixing the net as described above. There is a risk of flow. Therefore, in order to prevent this, it is conceivable to use the vertical cord 1 used in the first embodiment (FIG. 1).

【0049】

In FIG. 4, since the vertical rope 1 is connected to the auxiliary rope 4 bound to the two strong bases 2 (standing trees), the vertical rope 1 is fixed to the base 2 via the auxiliary rope 4. A plurality of vertical ropes 1 along a mountain stream are laid in water such as a mountain stream or in the upper hollow of a mountain stream, etc., and a mooring object 3 similar to that shown in FIG. By connecting, it can be more firmly fixed to a mountain stream or the like.

【0050】

As described above, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent erosion collapse of the shore and the like even when a huge amount of water flows rapidly such as in a flood or in an upstream area where the flow velocity is particularly high. It is possible to protect the river basin.

【0051】

FIG. 5 is a schematic view for explaining the sabo and revetment construction method of mountain streams and rivers, and the sabo and revetment structures in the fifth embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The structure shown in FIG. 5 is a structure having both structures similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.

【0052】

In FIG. 5, the two mooring structures 3 which are sabo structures that protect the valley floor and the like are connected to the two vertical ropes 1 and the mooring rope 8 and are the revetment structures that protect the valley and the like 2 The upper part of each mooring object 3 is connected to the base 7, and the lower part thereof is one of the vertical ropes 1 for fixing the mooring object 3 which is the sabo structure, or the fixing provided on the valley floor or the like. It is connected to the base 7'(heavy objects (for example, rocks, etc.) that serve as a base).

【0053】

As described above, according to the method of the present invention, in order to connect the lower part of the net which is the mooring object 3 of the revetment structure, it was laid on the valley floor or the like shown in FIG. 1 (first embodiment). By sharing the vertical rope 1 that connects the nets that are the mooring objects 3, it is possible to more firmly protect the revetment and the valley floor.

【0054】

FIG. 6 is a schematic view for explaining the sabo and revetment work of mountain streams and rivers, and the sabo and revetment structures in the sixth embodiment to which the present invention is applied. In this sixth embodiment, the structure is almost the same as that of the structure in the fifth embodiment described above, but the two mooring structures 3 which are the revetment structures for protecting the shore and the like are used for the shore and the like. The difference is that the auxiliary mooring 9 covers the revetment, etc. before or after covering.

【0055】

In the method shown in the fifth embodiment (Fig. 5), if the soil quality of the shore or the like is fragile, the shore or the like may be eroded by the water flow passing through the net which is the mooring object 3. .. Therefore, in order to prevent this, it is conceivable to use an auxiliary mooring object 9 placed before or after the mooring object 3.

【0056】

In FIG. 6, the auxiliary mooring 9 is two steel ropes connecting the upper base 7 and one vertical rope 1 for fixing the mooring 3 which is a sabo structure for protecting the valley floor, and The length of each wooden rod consists of multiple wooden rods arranged perpendicular to the two steel ropes at regular intervals, and the length of each wooden rod is to be firmly fixed, so that the two steel rods to which it is engaged are engaged. It should be longer than the interval between.

【0057】

This auxiliary mooring 9 is installed before covering the valley and the like with the two mooring structures 3 which are the revetment structures described in the fifth embodiment, and the two moorings which are the revetment structures from above. It is installed after being covered with object 3 or after being covered with two mooring objects 3 which are revetment structures.

【0058】

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the auxiliary mooring object 9 and the mooring object 3 are covered on the shore, etc., the shore and the like are sufficiently protected even if the soil quality of the shore and the like is fragile. be able to.

【0059】

The auxiliary mooring object 9 is not limited to the wooden rod as described above, as long as it is corrosion resistant and can be immersed in water for a long period of time, such as the fence member 6 used in the second embodiment. A stick made of concrete or plastic may be used. Further, instead of using a blind-shaped cover for the mooring object 3 in this way, a cloth sheet having the same size as the mooring object 3 can be considered. The material of these covers and sheets may be any material as long as the protection of the shore and the like can be achieved.

【0060】

According to the sabo and revetment method in the embodiment to which the present invention is applied, a steel net is used as a mooring object in order to protect the mountain bed and the revetment of the mountain stream. Through this net, vegetation can be grown, which can further enhance the revetment effect and bring the appearance of the revetment or the like closer to the natural state.

【0061】

Further, in the sabo and revetment method in the embodiment to which the present invention is applied, since a net as a mooring object is used, the sabo and revetment, and the mountain stream and the like can be brought closer to the natural landscape. It is necessary to adjust the size of the mesh of the net according to the soil quality of the soil or the flow velocity of the mountain stream.

【0062】

[Effect of the invention]

According to the present invention, by using a net as a mooring material on a mountain bed or a shore of a mountain stream, erosion of the mountain bed or the like or collapse of the shore or the like in the mountain stream can be prevented, and the mountain bed or the shore can be prevented. Etc. can be firmly protected.

【0063】

In addition, since an inexpensive net is used as the mooring material, a huge amount of construction work and costs are not required.

[Simple explanation of drawings]

[Figure 1]

It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the mountain stream, the sabo works of a river, and the sabo structure in the 1st Embodiment to which this invention is applied.

[Figure 2]

It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the mountain stream, the sabo works of a river, and the sabo structure in the 2nd Embodiment to which this invention is applied.

[Fig. 3]

It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the construction for the purpose of revetment of a mountain stream and the revetment structure in the 3rd Embodiment to which this invention is applied.

[Fig. 4]

It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the construction for the purpose of revetment of a mountain stream and the revetment structure in the 4th Embodiment to which this invention is applied.

[Fig. 5]

It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the mountain stream, the sabo work and sabo structure of a river, and the work and the structure for revetment for the purpose of revetment of a mountain stream in the 5th Embodiment to which this invention is applied.

[Fig. 6]

It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the mountain stream, the river sabo work and the sabo structure, and the work for the purpose of revetment of a mountain stream, and the structure for revetment in the 6th Embodiment to which this invention is applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 vertical line 2 bases 3 Mooring 4 Auxiliary rope 5 sideways 6 Fence member 7, 7'base 8 mooring line 9 Auxiliary mooring 10 Mountain stream or river