FI121945B

Wireless telephone distribution system with time and space diversity transmission

Abstract

This record has no abstract on file.

FI121945B, drawing sheet 1 — Sheet 1 of 20

Term

Term ended

Expired 6 March 2017, 9.5 years ago.

68 claims: 3 independent, 65 dependent

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PATENTTIVAATIMUKSET 1. Menetelmä määrittää vastaanottimen paikka langattomassa liikennöintijärjestelmässä, jossa datapaketit liikennöidään ainakin yhdestä lähettimestä 5 (14) mainittuun vastaanottimeen muodostamaan digitaalista dataa, joka järjestel- mä sisältää ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen antennin (11, 12, 13) sijoitettuna erilleen toisistaan, joka menetelmä on tunnettu siitä, että siinä on:ensimmäisen datapaketin lähettäminen ensimmäisessä aikavälitetyssä koodijakoisen monipääsyn, CDMA:n, kanavassa, jolla on ensimmäinen levityskoo10 di mainitusta ensimmäisestä antennista (11) muodostamaan ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin;toisen datapaketin lähettäminen toisessa CDMA:n kanavassa, jolla on toinen levityskoodi mainitusta toisesta antennista (12) muodostamaan toisen lähetetyn datapaketin;15 kolmannen datapaketin lähettäminen kolmannessa CDMA:n kanavassa, jolla on kolmas levityskoodi mainitusta kolmannesta antennista (13) muodostamaan kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin;mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaanottaminen mainitussa vastaanottimessa (10) muodostamaan vastaavat 2 0 ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastanotetun datapaketin;ainakin yhden mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta vastaanotetusta datapaketista valitseminen muodostamaan mainitun digitaalisen datan mainitussa vastaanottimessa;vastaanotettujen datapakettien ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen levi-
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2 5 tyskoodin välisen koodipoikkeaman eron mittaaminen alibiteissä mainitussa vas- taanottimessa;ja mainitun vastaanottimen (10) paikan laskeminen mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavasta mitatusta koodipoikkeaman erosta, missä ensimmäinen, toinen ja kolmas datapaketti sisältävät olen-
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3 0 naisesti samaa informaatiota. 2. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu vaihe laskea mainitun vastaanottimen (10) paikka mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavasta mitatusta koodipoik3 5 keaman erosta käsittää etäisyyden laskemisen ainakin yhteen mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista. 3. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mai- Tliminr 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 nittu vaihe laskea mainitun vastaanottimen (10) paikka mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mitatusta koodipoikkeaman erosta käsittää etäisyyseron laskemisen mainitun vastaanottimen ja mainitun ensimmäisen ja toisen antennin välillä.
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Patenttivaatimuksen 3 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu vaihe laskea mainitun vastaanottimen (10) paikka mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mitatusta koodipoikkeaman erosta käsittää etäisyyseron laskemisen mainitun vastaanottimen ja mainitun toisen ja kol- 10 mannen antennin välillä.
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Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu vaihe laskea mainitun vastaanottimen (10) paikka mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mitatusta koodipoikkeaman erosta kä- 15 sittää ensimmäisen etäisyyden laskemisen ensimmäiseen mainittuun antenniin (11), toisen etäisyyden laskemisen toiseen mainittuun antenniin (12) ja kolmannen etäisyyden laskemisen kolmanteen mainittuun antenniin (13), ja mainitun vastaanottimen (10) sijainnin laskemisen kolmen vakioetäisyyskäyrän leikkauksena mainitusta vastaavasta ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista (11,12,13) 2 0 mainitulla vastaavalla ensimmäisellä, toisella ja kolmannella etäisyydellä.
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Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että se edelleen sisältää kantoaaltotaajuuden, jolla on tyypillinen aallonpituus, jossa mainitut ensimmäinen, toinen ja kolmas antenni (11, 12, 13) on sijoitettu erilleen toi- 2 5 sistaan etäisyydelle, joka on neljäsosan mainitusta aallonpituudesta ja kymmenen kertaa mainitun aallonpituuden välillä.
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Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu vaihe valita ainakin yksi mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta 3 0 vastaanotetusta datapaketista muodostamaan mainitun digitaalisen datan maini- tussa vastaanottimessa käsittää vaiheen yhdistää mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastaanotetun datapaketin energia maksimaalisella tavalla.
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Patenttivaatimuksen 7 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mai- 35 nittu vaihe yhdistää mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastaanotetun datapaketin energia maksimaalisella tavalla on yhdistää mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastaanotetun datapaketin energia maksimitodennäköisyyden yhdistäjällä. 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011
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Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, jossa datapaketti on liikennöity tukiasemalta (22, 24) tilaaja-asemalle (42), joka järjestelmä sisältää siirtoaseman (38) mainitun tukiaseman (22,24) ja mainitun tilaaja-aseman (42) välillä 5 vastaanottamaan mainitun datapaketin mainitulta tukiasemalta ja uudelleenlähettämään mainitun datapaketin mainitulle tilaaja asemalle, jossa mainittu siirtoasema sisältää mainitun lähettimen ja mainittu tilaaja-asema käsittää mainitun vastaanottimen, joka siirtoasema sisältää ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen antennin sijoitettuina erilleen toisistaan, joka menetelmä on tunnettu siitä, että se sisältää:10 mainitun datapaketin vastaanottamisen mainitulla siirtoasemalla;mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämisen mainitusta ensimmäisestä antennista muodostamaan ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin;mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämisen mainitusta toisesta antennista muodostamaan toisen lähetetyn datapaketin mainitun ensimmäisen lähete15 tyn datapaketin jälkeen;ja. mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämisen mainitusta kolmannesta antennista muodostamaan kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mainitun toisen lähetetyn datapaketin jälkeen. 20 10. Patenttivaatimuksen 9 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan, ja mainittu datapaketti on uudelleenlähetetty mainitulta siirtoasemalta mainitulle tilaaja-asemalle koodijaetulla multipleksisignaalilla, joka koodijaettu multipleksisignaali on jaettu aikajakomultipleksin ensimmäiseen ja toiseen aikaväliin 2 5 sisältäen mainitun ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin ja mainitun toisen lähetetyn datapaketin, mainitusta ensimmäisestä ja toisesta antennista vastaavasti. 11. Patenttivaatimuksen 10 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on uudelleenlähetetty mainitulta siirtoasemalta mainitulle tilaa- 3 0 ja-asemalle koodijaetulla multipleksisignaalilla, joka koodijaettu multipleksisignaali on jaettu aikajakomultipleksin kolmanteen aika- väliin sisältäen mainitun kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin. 12. Patenttivaatimuksen 10 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että 35 mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoase- maan aikajaetulla multipleksidigitaaliradiolinkillä. 13. Patenttivaatimuksen 10 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan leveäkaistaisella kaapelitelevisiolinkillä. 14. Patenttivaatimuksen 10 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että 5 mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoase- maan kuituoptisella kaapelilinkillä. 15. Patenttivaatimuksen 10 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoase-
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10 maan parivahvistusmodulipuhelinlinkillä. 16. Patenttivaatimuksen 10 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan kierretyn parin lankasilmukkapuhelinlinkillä. 17. Patenttivaatimuksen 9 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että se edelleen sisältää kantoaaltotaajuuden, jolla on tyypillinen aallonpituus, jossa mainitut ensimmäinen, toinen kolmas antenni on erotettu toisistaan etäisyydellä, joka on välillä neljäsosa ja kymmenen kertaa mainittu aallonpituus. 18. Patenttivaatimuksen 9 mukainen menetelmä, edelleen tunnettu seuraavasta:laskea paikkatiedosto käsittäen dataa, joka edustaa mainitun tilaajaaseman paikkaa mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapake2 5 tin mainitusta vastaavasta mitatusta saapumisajasta;ja lähettää mainitun paikkatiedoston sisältö, joka sisältää dataa vastaten mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mainittua vastaavaa mitattua saapumisaikaa mainitulla tilaaja-asemalla mainitusta tilaajaasemasta mainittuun tukiasemaan. 19. Patenttivaatimuksen 18 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu tukiasema vastaanottaa mainitun paikkatiedoston sisällön, joka sisältää dataa vastaten mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mainittua vastaavaa mitattua saapumisaikaa mainitulla tilaaja-asemalla, laskee 35 mainitun tilaaja-aseman paikan, ja lähettää mainitun tilaaja-aseman lasketun paikan mainitulle tilaaja-asemalle, joka mainittu tilaaja-aseman menetelmä edelleen käsittää vaiheen vastaanottaa mainitun lasketun tilaaja-aseman paikan. 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 20. Patenttivaatimuksen 18 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu paikkatiedosta sisältää dataa, joka edustaa etäisyyttä yhteen mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista, ja vastaavia eroja vastaanotettujen datapakettien saapumisajassa mainitun yhden mainituista ensimmäises- 5 tä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista, ja jäljelle jäävien kahden muun mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista välillä. 21. Patenttivaatimuksen 18 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittuun paikkatiedostodataan päästään mainitulla tukiasemalla soittamalla ylei- 10 sen kytketyn puhelinverkon kautta. 22. Patenttivaatimuksen 18 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittuun paikkatiedostodataan päästään salasanalla ja on lähetetty mainitulle tukiasemalle kryptatussa muodossa. 23. Patenttivaatimuksen 18 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu paikkatiedostodata on lähetetty mainitulle tukiasemalle vasteena initiaaliselle indikaatiolle mainitulla tilaaja-asemalla. 2 0 24. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, jossa datapaketti on liikennöity tukiasemalta (92) tilaaja-asemalle(112), joka järjestelmä sisältää ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen siirtoaseman (104,106,108) sijoitettuna erilleen toisistaan, joista kukin ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta siirtoasemasta on sovitettu vastaanottamaan mainitun datapaketin mainitulta tukiasemalta ja uudel2 5 leenlähettämään mainitun datapaketin mainitulle tilaaja-asemalle, jossa mainitut ensimmäinen, toinen ja kolmas siirtoasema (104, 106, 108) sisältävät mainitun lähettimen ja mainittu tilaaja-asema (112) sisältää mainitun vastaanottimen, joka mainittu ensimmäinen siirtoasema (108) sisältää mainitun ensimmäisen antennin (A), joka toinen siirtoasema (106) sisältää toisen antennin (B), ja joka kolmas siir30 toasema (108) sisältää kolmannen antennin (C), tunnettu siitä, että menetelmä edelleen käsittää: mainitun datapaketin vastaanottamisen mainitulla ensimmäisellä, toisella ja kolmannella siirtoasemalla;mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämisen mainitusta ensimmäisestä 35 siirtoaseman antennista muodostamaan ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin;mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämisen mainitusta toisesta siirtoaseman antennista muodostamaan toisen lähetetyn datapaketin mainitun ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin jälkeen;ja 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämisen mainitusta kolmannesta siirtoaseman antennista muodostamaan kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mainitun toisen lähetetyn datapaketin jälkeen. 5 25. Patenttivaatimuksen 24 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta kullekin mainitulle siirtoasemalle, ja mainittu datapaketti on uudelleenlähetetty kultakin mainitulta siirtoasemalta mainitulle tilaaja-asemalle koodijaetulla multipleksisignaalilla, joka koodijaettu multipleksisignaali on jaettu aikajakomultipleksin ensimmäiseen ja toiseen 10 aikaväliin sisältäen mainitun ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin ja mainitun toisen lähetetyn datapaketin, vastaavasti. 26. Patenttivaatimuksen 25 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu koodijaettu multipleksisignaali on jaettu kolmanteen aikajettuun mullti-
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15 pleksiaikaväliin, joka sisältää mainitun kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin. 27. Patenttivaatimuksen 25 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan aikajaetulla multipleksidigitaaliradiolinkillä. 28. Patenttivaatimuksen 25 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan leveäkaistaisella kaapelitelevisiolinkillä. 25 29. Patenttivaatimuksen 25 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan kuituoptisella kaapelilinkillä. 30. Patenttivaatimuksen 25 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että 30 mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoase- maan parivahvistusmodulipuhelinlinkillä. 31. Patenttivaatimuksen 25 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoase- 35 maan kierretyn parin lankasilmukkapuhelinlinkillä. 32. Laitteisto määrittää vastaanottimen (10) paikka langattomassa liikennöintijärjestelmässä, jossa paketti liikennöidään vähintään yhdestä lähettimes 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 tä (14) mainittuun vastaanottimeen (10) muodostamaan vastaanotetun datapaketin, joka järjestelmä sisältää ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen antennin (11,12, 13) sijoitettuna erilleen toisistaan, joka laitteisto on tunnettu siitä, että siinä on:laitteet ensimmäisen datapaketin lähettämiseen ensimmäisessä aikavä5 litetyssä koodijakoisen monipääsyn, CDMA:n, kanavassa, jolla on ensimmäinen levityskoodi mainitusta ensimmäisestä antennista (11) muodostamaan ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin;laitteet toisen datapaketin lähettämiseen toisessa CDMA:n kanavassa, jolla on toinen levityskoodi mainitusta toisesta antennista (12) muodostamaan toi10 sen lähetetyn datapaketin;laitteet kolmannen datapaketin lähettämiseen kolmannessa CDMA:n kanavassa, jolla on kolmas levityskoodi mainitusta kolmannesta antennista (13) muodostamaan kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin;laitteet mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn data15 paketin vastaanottamiseen mainitussa vastaanottimessa (10) muodostamaan vastaavat ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastanotetun datapaketin;laitteet ainakin yhden mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta vastaanotetusta datapaketista valitsemiseen muodostamaan mainitun digitaalisen datan mainitussa vastaanottimessa;2 0 laitteet vastaanotettujen datapakettien ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen levityskoodin välisen koodipoikkeaman eron mittaamiseen alibiteissä mainitussa vastaanottimessa;ja laitteet mainitun vastaanottimen paikan laskemiseen mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn paketin vastaavasta mitatusta koodi25 poikkeaman erosta, missä ensimmäinen, toinen ja kolmas datapaketti sisältävät olennaisesti samaa informaatiota. 33. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainitut laitteet laskea mainitun vastaanottimen paikka mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen 30 ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavasta mitatusta koodipoikkeaman erosta käsittävät etäisyyden laskemisen ainakin yhteen mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista (11, 12,13). 34. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mai- 35 nitut laitteet laskea mainitun vastaanottimen paikka mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavasta mitatusta koodipoikkeaman erosta käsittävät laitteet etäisyyden eron laskemiseen mainitun vastaanottimen ja mainittujen ensimmäisen ja toisen antennin (11, 12) välillä. 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 35. Patenttivaatimuksen 34 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainitut laitteet laskea mainitun vastaanottimen paikka mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavasta mitatusta koodipoikkeaman eros- 5 ta käsittävät laitteet etäisyyden eron laskemiseen mainitun vastaanottimen ja mainittujen toisen ja kolmannen antennin (12, 13) välillä. 36. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainitut laitteet laskea mainitun vastaanottimen paikka mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen 10 ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavasta mitatusta koodipoikkeaman erosta käsittävät laitteet ensimmäisen etäisyyden laskemiseen mainittuun ensimmäiseen antenniin, laitteet toisen etäisyyden laskemiseen mainittuun toiseen antenniin, laitteet kolmannen etäisyyden laskemiseen mainittuun kolmanteen antenniin, ja laitteet mainitun vastaanottimen sijainnin laskemiseen leikkauksena kolmesta 15 vakioetäisyyskäyrästä mainitusta vastaavasta ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista (11,12, 13) mainitulla vastaavalla ensimmäisellä, toisella ja kolmannella etäisyydellä. 37. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että se 2 0 edelleen sisältää kantoaaltotaajuuden, jolla on tyypillinen aallonpituus, jossa mainitut ensimmäinen, toinen ja kolmas antenni (11, 12,13) on sijoitettu erilleen toisistaan etäisyydelle, joka on neljäsosan mainitusta aallonpituudesta ja kymmenen kertaa mainitun aallonpituuden välillä. 2 5 38. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainitut laitteet valita ainakin yksi mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta vastaanotetusta datapaketista muodostamaan mainitun digitaalisen datan mainitussa vastaanottimessa käsittävät laitteet yhdistää mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastaanotetun datapaketin energia maksimaalisella tavalla. 39. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainitut laitteet yhdistää mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastaanotetun datapaketin energia maksimaalisella tavalla on yhdistää mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastaanotetun datapaketin energia maksi- 35 mitodennaköisyyden yhdistäjällä. 40. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, jossa datapaketti on liikennöity tukiasemalta (22, 24) tilaaja-asemalle (42), joka järjestelmä sisältää siir 970955- prh 09 -03- 2011 toaseman (38) mainitun tukiaseman ja mainitun tilaaja-aseman välillä vastaanottamaan mainitun datapaketin mainitulta tukiasemalta ja uudelleenlähettämään mainitun datapaketin mainitulle tilaaja-asemalle, jossa mainittu siirtoasema (38) sisältää mainitun lähettimen ja mainittu tilaaja-asema käsittää mainitun vastaanot5 timen, joka siirtoasema sisältää ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen antennin (A, B, C) sijoitettuina erilleen toisistaan, joka laitteisto on tunnettu siitä, että se sisältää: laitteet mainitun datapaketin vastaanottamiseen mainitulla siirtoasemalla;laitteet mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämiseen mainitusta en10 simmäisestä antennista muodostamaan ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin;laitteet mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämiseen mainitusta toisesta antennista muodostamaan toisen lähetetyn datapaketin mainitun ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin jälkeen;ja laitteet mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämiseen mainitusta kol15 mannesta antennista muodostamaan kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mainitun toisen lähetetyn datapaketin jälkeen. 41. Patenttivaatimuksen 40 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan, ja 2 0 mainittu datapaketti on uudelleenlähetetty mainitulta siirtoasemalta mainitulle tilaaja-asemalle koodijaetulla multipleksisignaalilla, joka koodijaettu multipleksisignaali on jaettu aikajakomultipleksin ensimmäiseen ja toiseen aikaväliin sisältäen mainitun ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin ja mainitun toisen lähetetyn datapaketin, mainitusta ensimmäisestä ja toisesta antennista vastaavasti. 42. Patenttivaatimuksen 41 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on uudelleenlähetetty mainitulta siirtoasemalta mainitulle tilaajaasemalle koodijaetulla multipleksisignaalilla, joka koodijaettu multipleksisignaali on jaettu aikajakomultipleksin kolmanteen aika-väliin sisältäen mainitun kolmannen 30 lähetetyn datapaketin. 43. Patenttivaatimuksen 41 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan aikajaetulla multi- pleksidigitaaliradiolinkillä. 44. Patenttivaatimuksen 41 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan leveäkaistaisella kaapelitelevisiolinkillä. 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 45. Patenttivaatimuksen 41 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan kuituoptisella kaapelilinkillä. 46. Patenttivaatimuksen 41 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan parivahvistusmoduli-’puhelinlinkilia. 10 47. Patenttivaatimuksen 41 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan kierretyn parin lankasilmukkapuhelinlinkillä. 48. Patenttivaatimuksen 40 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että se 15 edelleen sisältää kantoaaltotaajuuden, jolla on tyypillinen aallonpituus, jossa mainitut ensimmäinen, toinen ja kolmas antenni on erotettu toisistaan etäisyydellä, joka on välillä neljäsosa ja kymmenen kertaa mainittu aallonpituus. 49. Patenttivaatimuksen 40 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että se 20 edelleen käsittää: laitteet laskea paikkatiedosto käsittäen dataa, joka edustaa mainitun tilaaja-aseman paikkaa mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mainitusta vastaavasta mitatusta saapumisajasta;ja laitteet lähettää mainitun paikkatiedoston sisältö, joka sisältää dataa 2 5 vastaten mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mainittua vastaavaa mitattua saapumisaikaa mainitulla tilaaja-asemalla mainitusta tilaaja-asemasta mainittuun tukiasemaan. 50. Patenttivaatimuksen 49 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mai30 nittu tukiasema vastaanottaa mainitun paikkatiedoston sisällön, joka sisältää dataa vastaten mainitun ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin mainittua vastaavaa mitattua saapumisaikaa mainitulla tilaaja-asemalla, laskee mainitun tilaaja-aseman paikan, ja lähettää mainitun tilaaja-aseman lasketun paikan mainitulle tilaaja-asemalla, joka mainittu tilaaja-aseman laitteisto edelleen käsittää lait35 teet vastaanottaa mainitun lasketun tilaaja-aseman paikan. 51. Patenttivaatimuksen 49 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu paikkatiedosto sisältää dataa, joka edustaa etäisyyttä yhteen mainituista en48 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 simmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista, ja vastaavia eroja vastaanotettu- 7 jen datapakettien saapumisajassa mainitun yhden mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista, ja jäljelle jäävien kahden muun mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista välillä. 52. Patenttivaatimuksen 49 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittuun paikkatiedostodataan päästään mainitulla tukiasemalla soittamalla yleisen kytketyn puhelinverkon kautta. 10 53. Patenttivaatimuksen 49 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittuun paikkatiedostodataan päästään salasanalla ja on lähetetty mainitulle tukiasemalle kryptatussa muodossa. 54. Patenttivaatimuksen 49 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mai- 15 nittu paikkatiedostodata on lähetetty mainitulle tukiasemalle vasteena initiaal iselle indikaatiolle mainitulla tilaaja-asemalla. 55. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, jossa datapaketti on liikennöity tukiasemalta (92, 94) tilaaja-asemalle, joka järjestelmä sisältää ensim-
12
20 mäisen, toisen ja kolmannen siirtoaseman (104,106,108) sijoitettuna erilleen toisistaan, joista kukin ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta siirtoasemasta on sovitettu vastaanottamaan mainitun datapaketin mainitulta tukiasemalta ja uudelleenlähettämään mainitun datapaketin mainitulle tilaaja-asemalle, jossa mainitut ensimmäinen, toinen ja kolmas siirtoasema sisältävät mainitun lähettimen ja mai25 nittu tilaaja-asema sisältää mainitun vastaanottimen, joka mainittu ensimmäinen siirtoasema (108) sisältää mainitun ensimmäisen antennin (A), joka toinen siirtoasema (106) sisältää toisen antennin (B), ja joka kolmas siirtoasema (104) sisältää kolmannen antennin (C), tunnettu siitä, että laitteisto edelleen käsittää:laitteet mainitun datapaketin vastaanottamiseen mainitulla ensimmäisel30 lä ja toisella siirtoasemalla;laitteet mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettamiseen mainitusta ensimmäisestä siirtoaseman antennista muodostamaan ensimmäisen lähetetyn da- r tapaketin;laitteet mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämiseen mainitusta toises35 ta siirtoaseman antennista muodostamaan toisen lähetetyn datapaketin mainitun ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin jälkeen;ja laitteet mainitun datapaketin uudelleenlähettämiseen mainitusta kolmannesta siirtoaseman antennista muodostamaan kolmannen lähetetyn datapath! 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 ketin mainitun toisen lähetetyn datapaketin jälkeen. 56. Patenttivaatimuksen 55 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta kullekin mainitulle siirtoase- 5 malle, ja mainittu datapaketti on uudelleenlähetetty kultakin mainitulta siirtoasemalta mainitulle tilaaja-asemalle koodijaetulla multipleksisignaalilla, joka koodijaettu multipleksisignaali on jaettu aikajakomultipleksin ensimmäiseen ja toiseen aikaväliin sisältäen mainitun ensimmäisen lähetetyn datapaketin ja mainitun toisen lähetetyn datapaketin, vastaavasti. 57. Patenttivaatimuksen 56 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu koodijaettu multipleksisignaali on jaettu kolmanteen aikajettuun mulltipleksiaikavaliin, joka sisältää mainitun kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin. 15 58. Patenttivaatimuksen 56 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan aikajaetulla multipleksidigitaaliradiolinkillä. 59. Patenttivaatimuksen 56 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mai20 nittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan leveäkaistaisella kaapelitelevisiolinkillä. 60. Patenttivaatimuksen 56 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan 2 5 kuituoptisella kaapelilinkilla. 61. Patenttivaatimuksen 56 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan parivahvistusmodulipuhelinlinkillä. 62. Patenttivaatimuksen 56 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että mainittu datapaketti on liikennöity mainitulta tukiasemalta mainittuun siirtoasemaan kierretyn parin lankasilmukkapuhelinlinkilla. 35 63. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että menetelmä edelleen käsittää: kalibrointivastaanottimen sijoittamisen tunnettuun paikkaan;mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin 970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 vastaanottamisen peräkkäin mainitussa kalibrointivastaanottimessa muodostamaan vastaavat ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastanotetun datapaketin;mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavan saapumisajan mainitussa kalibrointivastaanottimessa mittaamisen;5 mainitun kalibrointivastaanottimen paikan laskemisen mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavasta mitatusta saapumisajasta;ja mainitun kalibrointivastaanottimen lasketun paikan vertaamisen mainittuun tunnettuun paikkaan. 64. Patenttivaatimuksen 63 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että menetelmä edelleen käsittää etäisyyden laskemisen mainitun lasketun paikan ja mainitun tunnetun paikan välillä, ja vastaavien viiveidensiirtojen tuomisen siirroissa mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista kalibroimaan mai- 15 nittua järjestelmää. 65. Patenttivaatimuksen 63 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että menetelmä edelleen käsittää virheilmaisujen laskemisen, jotka edustavat eroa mainitun lasketun paikan ja mainitun tunnetun paikan välillä, ja mainittujen virheil- 20 maisujen tallentamisen käytettäväksi mainitussa menetelmässä määrittämään mainitun vastaanottimen paikka kalibroimaan mainitun järjestelmän. 66. Patenttivaatimuksen 32 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että laitteisto edelleen käsittää:
13
25 kalibrointivastaanottimen sijoitettuna tunnettuun paikkaan;laitteet mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaanottamiseen peräkkäin mainitussa kalibrointivastaanottimessa muodostamaan vastaavat ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen vastanotetun datapaketin;
14
30 laitteet mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavan saapumisajan mainitussa kalibrointivastaanottimessa mittaamiseen;laitteet mainitun kalibrointivastaanottimen paikan laskemiseen mainittujen ensimmäisen, toisen ja kolmannen lähetetyn datapaketin vastaavasta mitatus35 ta saapumisajasta;ja laitteet mainitun kalibrointivastaanottimen lasketun paikan vertaamiseen mainittuun tunnettuun paikkaan. 67. Patenttivaatimuksen 66 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että laitteisto edelleen käsittää laitteet eron laskemiseen mainitun lasketun paikan ja mainitun tunnetun etäisyyden välillä, ja laitteet vastaavien viiveiden tuomiseen siirroissa mainituista ensimmäisestä, toisesta ja kolmannesta antennista kalibroimaan 5 mainittua järjestelmää. 68. Patenttivaatimuksen 66 mukainen laitteisto, tunnettu siitä, että laitteisto edelleen käsittää laitteet virheilmaisujen laskemiseen, jotka edustavat eroa mainitun lasketun paikan ja mainitun tunnetun paikan välillä, ja laitteet mainittujen 10 virheilmaisujen tallentamiseen käytettäväksi mainitussa laitteistossa määrittämään mainitun vastaanottimen paikka kalibroimaan mainitun järjestelmän.

Independent claims14

249 paragraphs in 10 sections, as filed

WIRELESS PHONE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH MULTI-TIME AND MULTI-MODE TRANSMISSION

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to two-way wireless communication systems. In particular, the present invention relates to wireless telephone systems having multi-mode antennas and multi-time signal transmission for reducing signal fading and measuring the location of a subscriber.

Background of the Invention

Wireless radio communication is susceptible to the harmful effects of signal fading, where the signal level at the receiver temporarily loses its strength for a variety of reasons, such as signal cancellation due to variable multipath reflections, weather transmission, and obstruction caused by movement. Signal fading causes poor reception, inconvenience, or, in extreme cases, loss of call connection.

It is known to use different forms of signal variability to reduce fading. For example, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,280,472, signal variability reduces the deleterious effects of fading. There are three main types of variability: Multi-time, Multi-frequency, and Multi-mode.

5 Multiple time is achieved by the use of repetition, interleaving, or error correction coding, which is a form of repetition. Error detection techniques combined with automatic retransmission give one form of multi-time.

In multi-frequency, the signal energy is spread over a wide bandwidth to fight 30 ground fading. Frequency Modulation (FM) is a form of multi-frequency.

Another form of multi-frequency is code division multiple access (CDMA), also known as spread spectrum. Due to its inherent nature as a wideband signal, CDMA is less prone to fading compared to a narrowband modulation signal. Because fading often only occurs in part of the radio spectrum

5 at any one given time, the signal of the spread spectrum is inherently resistant to the harmful effects of fading.

Multi-mode is achieved by transmitting or receiving the same signal with more than one geo-separated antenna. Multi-mode provides alternative signal paths to protect against sudden fading of any single path. Multi-mode also creates a bit of multi-time because the receiver receives the same signal separated by small propagation delays. The difference in propagation delay requires that the receiver be able to distinguish between incoming signals. One solution is to use multiple receivers, one for each incoming signal. For example, it is known from U.S. Patent No. 5,280,472 to expediently create relatively small delays compared to an information symbol, a multi-mode multi-antenna CDMA system, to create artificial multi-frequency multi-frequency signals that are longer than one chip delay up to a few chip delays. CDMA systems may discriminate between identical multiple signals arriving at the receiver with different propagation delays greater than one chip delay. Such receivers are known as Rake receivers. However, prior art systems require multiple CDMA receivers, one CDMA receiver for each separate received CDMA signal. It is desirable to provide a system for receiving multi-time CDMA signals that do not require multiple CDMA receivers.

Measuring or determining the location of moving units is well known. In some systems, fixed antennas measure moving position. In other systems, the mobile unit determines its location from many of the received signals. If the system is bidirectional, the traffic link allows both the mobile subscriber and the fixed system to exchange location data. Various known systems use satellites or many antennas to provide location information of a mobile subscriber. For example, many directional receiving antennas can be used to triangulate the location of a mobile subscriber. In such systems, stationary receivers determine the location of a mobile subscriber; in other systems, the mobile subscriber determines its location from the received signals. For example, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a multiple satellite system that provides signals that allow a mobile subscriber station to determine its position in latitude and longitude. However, both satellite systems and GPS receivers to receive satellite signals are usually expensive.

A combination of a GPS receiver and a cellular telephone is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,223,844. Such a combination provides useful services, such as a security alarm service to detect car theft, where the alarm arming also alerts the security service to the car's location. In general, it is desirable to provide a system that combines telephone and data service with location measurement in the most sensible way

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 at cost.

It is desirable to provide a multi-time signal system that uses time division multiple access (TDMA) in various combinations with CDMA and multi-mode antennas, to provide a number of systems that resist fading, reduce receiver costs, and provide location measurement to mobile subscribers.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention has been applied to a wireless communication system in which multi-time and multi-mode are used to reduce fading and simplify receiver design. The present invention is further applied to a wireless communication system in which time division signals are multiplexed by code division (spread spectrum) multiplex antennas to provide a wireless communication system capable of determining a subscriber's location using the same communication signals used in the primary wireless communication.

In particular, a data packet which, for example, can carry voice telephony traffic, is transmitted three different times from three different antennas. The receiver thus receives a sa2 0 man data packet three times from three different antennas. The receiver uses the best data packet or combination of data packets to minimize the effects of fading.

In addition, the receiver uses absolute and extra arrival of three data packets

5 to determine its position from the three transmitting antennas. First, the absolute range per antenna is determined by the time required for a round trip signal. Then, the relative time of arrival of the data packets, relative to the universal time, from the other two antennas indicates the relative distances relative to the first antenna. Because all sending

0 antennas are at known fixed positions, the receiver calculates its position as a section from three constant distance curves (in two-dimensional case, circles, or in three-dimensional case, intersection of three balls). Alternatively, the mobile subscriber station provides the coarse delay measurement data back to the fixed station, or to the location service center, which calculates the location of the mobile station.

More particularly, the present invention is applicable to a system that uses CDMA to modulate a TDMA signal transmitted from three multi-mode antennas. EN4

970955 In the first embodiment, TDH signals have been used to transmit multiple repetitions of the same data packet from a transformer station having three multi-mode antennas. In another embodiment, TDMA signals are used to transmit multiple repetitions of the same data packet from three transform stations, each of the 5 transform stations including one of three multi-mode antennas. The data packets could be identical or could carry substantially the same information but modulated by different spreading codes or different segments of the same spreading code.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a wireless telephone distribution system including a first embodiment of a transmission station in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of a wireless telephone distribution system 15 in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 3 is a system diagram of a first embodiment of a wireless telephone distribution system according to the present invention.

0 Fig. 4 is a system diagram of a wireless telephone distribution system including a second embodiment of a gateway according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a system diagram of another embodiment of a wireless telephone distribution system according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a wireless telephone distribution system according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of a time division multiplex signal which modulates a code division multi30 plex signal in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 8 and 9 are a block diagram of a first embodiment of a transfer station according to the present invention.

FIG. 10A is a slot assignment scheme for a wireless telephone distribution system according to the present invention illustrating time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing for 6 simultaneous calls.

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970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

FIG. 10B is a slot assignment scheme for a wireless telephone distribution system according to the present invention illustrating time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing for 12 simultaneous calls.

Figures 11A and 11B are a slot assignment scheme for a wireless telephone distribution system according to the present invention illustrating time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing for 24 simultaneous calls.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a transfer station in accordance with the present invention 10.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a subscriber station in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a centralized and integrated transfer station according to the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a block diagram of a transformer station antenna implementation.

Fig. 16 is a block diagram of a shared antenna implementation of the present invention employing a coaxial cable or an optical fiber cable.

FIG. 17 is a timing diagram of a time division multiplex signal which modulates a code division multiplex signal in accordance with the present invention.

5 Fig. 18 is a system diagram illustrating an implementation of a shared antenna of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a system according to the present invention wherein the location center is outside the communication system.

Fig. 20 is a system description of the location of a mobile subscriber station determined by the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a system in accordance with the present invention illustrating a method of determining the location of a mobile subscriber station.

FIG. 22 is a timing diagram illustrating a method of determining a distance from a subscriber station to a transmitting station.

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970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

FIG. 23 is a timing diagram illustrating a method of determining relative distances from a subscriber station to two transmission transform stations.

Simple description

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION-FIRST EMBODIMENT FIGURES 1,2,3,8,9

In the first embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1, a mobile user having an antenna 10 is connected to a CDMA transmission station 14. The CDMA transmission station 14 further includes antenna T, 16, antenna A, 11, antenna B, 12, and antenna C, 13. Antennas A, BjaCo may be mounted either on separate structures as shown or on a single mast. The only physical requirement is that the space between the antennas should be sufficient for non-correlated multipath. When the interval of four wavelengths may be sufficient, at least ten wavelengths are preferred. 1 Ghz, 10 wavelengths is about 30 feet, while 5 Ghz, 10 wavelengths is about 6 feet.

Mobile Subscriber Antenna 10 (also referred to herein as a user terminal antenna,

0 or as a subscriber station antenna, or simply as an antenna U) connected by a two-way radio link to the antennas A, B and C. The CDMA transmission station 14 is further connected by a two-way radio link through the antenna T via a suitable connection to the public switched telephone network.

5 In operation, forward channel telephone voice traffic received as data packets in antenna T is transmitted by antenna A during slot 1, repeated by antenna B during slot 2, and further replicated by antenna C during slot 3. All three replicated data packets are received in sequence by an antenna

10. In the reverse direction, data packets representing voice telephony traffic transmitted from antenna 10 are received substantially simultaneously by antennas A, B, and C. CDMA transmission station 14 further transmits data packets received through antenna T back to the telephone network.

Figure 2 is a general diagram of a system according to the present invention including various interconnections between a support network, i.e., a public switched network 20 and a switching center and a central processor 22, and CDMA transfer stations 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

The user at CDMA subscriber station 42 is connected by antenna 10 to CDMA transmission station through antennas A, B and C. The antenna T, 39 at the CDMA transmission station 38 transmits TDMA wireless voice communication to the antenna 25 at the base station 24. Each of the other CDMA transmission stations is coupled to the switching center 22 by various central interface means. The interface means W between the TDMA base station 24 and the CDMA transmission station 36 are wireless devices having a TDMA channel structure having six TDMA slots. The TDMA Wireless Interconnection Interface WE may be a commercially available wireless local loop system, such as the Ultraphone® digital radiotelephone system provided by Interdigital Communications Corporation.

The TDMA time slot structure is conveyed through the transmission station to become a time slot structure at the output of the transmitted CDMA signal. The interface means WE are the same as the interface W except that there are four W modules which operate side by side to provide basic connectivity to the 24 audio channels. The interface means F utilizes a loose fiber optic cable that connects the switching station 22 to the CDMA transfer station 32 without passing through the wireless base station. Since the connection means F (fiber optic cable) contains a modem having a TDM / TDMA channel structure similar to W and WE, it easily makes the connection with the transmission station. The interface FT (fiber optic cable transport standard T1 multiplex) between the switching center 22 20 and the CDMA transmission station 30 is a fiber optic cable using standard

T1 multiplexer as channel combining means. Therefore, a transmission station handling WE interface means could easily be adapted to work with FT interface means. The connections C (coaxial cable) to CDMA transmission station 26, and CT to CDMA transmission station 28, (coaxial cable carrying 2 5 standard T1 multiplexes) are cable devices which function as F and FT respectively. The connection means L to the CDMA transmission station 36 is a controlled line carrying a data stream up to 100 kbps having the same structure as the wireless TDMAJI. The connection means LE (not shown) utilizes 4 regulated lines to operate in the same way as the connection means WE. The interface means for the PG 30 CDMA transfer station 34 has a pairing capability coupled to the transmission station.

The use of a combination of overhead and fiber optic cable media to connect transfer stations, and the general output air connection between the transfer stations and the CDMA user terminals results in a flexible, fast response and economical solution. In addition, standard telephone lines configured to handle 64 kbps to 100 kbps could also be used to replace the TDMA wireless input to the transmission station. It is also very cost-effective to connect the inlet side of the transfer station parivahvistusmodulin output. Because the air connection stays the same 'immwnin

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 for all these interconnection tools, this expanded concept will become a very cost effective solution and a bypass tool.

In the system diagram of Figure 3, voice telephony traffic over a public switched network 20 is coupled to a TDMA base station 24 having an antenna 25 for transmitting and receiving TDMA signals. A plurality of CDMA transmission stations 44, 46, 48, 50, and 52 provide a wireless telephone service to a plurality of subscribers 45 and 47. Each CDMA transmission station includes an antenna T for receiving and transmitting TDMA signals, and separating antenna A, antenna B, and antenna C Between 45 and 47. For example, a TDMA base station may have a radius of 35 miles that covers multiple CDM transmission stations. Each CDMA transmission station may typically have a five-mile range and be separated by three miles to provide cellular coverage of the entire area. Subscriber 45 may be served by CDMA transfer station 46, while subscriber 47 may be served by CDMA transfer station 50. As subscribers move around the system, different CDMA transfer stations may be designated to serve that subscriber.

The fallback embodiment utilizes the good connectivity described above to distribute more extensively the three antennas used to provide multi-mode transmission.

Broader distribution allows compensation not only for multipath fading but also for blocking fading. For example, if the CDMA user (antenna 10 in Figure 1) goes behind a building or hill, the signal from all three multi-mode antennas at one transmission station would fade.

5 However, if the energy in each time slot were transmitted from different transport stations, as in Figure 4, there is a high probability that the user terminal would not be blocked from all three transport stations simultaneously. Therefore, it is possible to randomize the effects of fading due to an obstacle and to be more similar to multipath fading. Randomization is accomplished by allowing the central controller to name different times 30 liters on a unique basis during the call setup process. When implemented using W or WE interface means, it has a small effect on the capacity between base stations and transmission stations, but would increase the number of TDMA receivers. However, there is also diversity enhancement in the base station to the transfer station link. Generally speaking, the effect on other hard-wired connection means is even smaller. The biggest advantage of using multiple bearers as sources of transmit diversity is that it allows the user CDMA receiver to estimate the signal quality from each bearer and request handover for individual time slots when better links are found, providing a very reliable and smooth transition as the user passes

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 through the area.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION-SECOND EMBODIMENT Figures 4,5,6,12

Figure 4 illustrates a wireless telephone distribution system with an improved multi-mode. As before, mobile subscriber antenna 10 is coupled to antenna A during slot 1, antenna B during slot 2, and antenna C during slot 3. However, each of the antennas A, B, and C is mounted on separate respective CDMA transmission stations 54, 56 and 58, respectively. Specifically, antenna A, 60 is provided for CDMA transmission 10 to station 54, antenna B, 68 is provided for CDMA transmission station 56, and antenna C, 64 is provided for CDMA transmission station 58. Each of the respective transmission stations 54, 56 and 58 is coupled to respective antennas 62. , 70 and 66 to a TDMA wireless digital telephone system. The signals received by the subscriber station antenna 10 from the antennas A, B and C are similar to those received in the configuration of Figure 4. However, due to the isolation of antennas A, B and C at separate CDMA transmission stations 54, 56, 58, the signal diversity in both transmission and reception has been greatly improved.

The system configuration of Figure 6 is similar to that of Figure 2, with the exception that each CDMA transmission station has either antenna B, or antenna B, or antenna.

C. For example, CDMA transmission station A, 108 has a separate antenna A, 109. CDMA transmission station 106 has antenna B, 107. Similarly, CDMA transmission station 104 has antenna C, 105. Thus, antenna 10 of CDMA subscriber station 112 receives signals from each. CDMA transfer station 108, 106, and 104. The received signals are

5 time division multiplexed such that one of the antennas A, B or C transmits to the antenna 10 at any time. During transmission, however, antennas A, B, and C provide multiplex division multiplexed signals to other users.

In this embodiment, each transmission station has only one type of antenna 30: either antenna A, antenna B or antenna C. The system arrangement covering the service area is shown in FIG. 5. As before, the public switching network 72 is connected to a TDMA base station 74 with a transmitting antenna 75. which covers the area 1 with a radius of about 35 miles, through the service area, the CDMA transmission stations are spaced apart in one direction 84, and in another direction 86 are disguised to cover the service area. Due to the performance, a regular placement is presented. In practice, CDMA transmission stations are arranged to provide coverage, with a plurality of subscribers 88, always within the range of A, B, and C antennas. For example, CDMA transmission stations 76 and 82i are of antenna type A, while CDMA transmission station 80 is of antenna type C and |

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CDMA transmission station 78 is of type B antenna. Thus, subscriber 88 receives signals from CDMA transmission stations 76, 78, and 80, while subscriber 90 can receive signals from CDMA transmission stations 82, 78, and 80.

The time slot structure for use in the present invention is shown in Figure 7. Six time slots have been used. Slots 1 and 2 are used to receive, followed by slot 3, where the subscriber station transmits, followed by slot 4, which is used for reception. During time slot 5 and 6, the CDMA receiver will sweep the transmission from other transmission stations.

MAKING A CALL

When a circuit is to be formed or transmitted, the base station designates the base pair and the base station frequency pair, slot, and PN sequence. It then sends all the designations to the transfer station and identifies which subscriber must use the circuit. During the call setup, the transfer station transfers the desired subscriber station, slot and PN sequence assignments. For example, see Figure 17, where TDMA time slots 1 through 8 are assigned to users A through F, respectively. In a given time slot, e.g., time slot 2, the message to user B includes synchronization information 1701, general control data 1702 20 for system wide operations, private control data 1704, and characteristic user traffic 1705 to user B. Specific user traffic 1705 is used to send initialisointidataa.

A FORWARD ROAD

Signal compression and decompression as well as added bits for forward error correction (FEC) are performed at the base station. In the forward direction, (to the subscriber station), the base station transmits continuously, but the information in each slot is directed to a specific subscriber station.

By way of example, the base station may transmit information during slot 1 at frequency fa. The transmission station receives the information by demodulating the signal at a frequency fa during slot 1, and regenerating the information only at the symbol or bit level. The decoder does not perform any decoding (i.e., error correction, compression, or decompression). The design of the transmission station is thus simplified by accepting the already encoded signal from the TDMA base station. After regeneration at the symbol level, the received TDMA signal is linked to the designated PN sequence and retransmitted from the transmission station as a CDMA signal at frequency fp without any

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 deliberate delay to antenna A. The transfer station further stores information received from the base station in a memory buffer. At the end of transmission of the antenna A, the information bits stored in the memory buffer are modulated for the continuation of the PN signal and transmitted over the real transmitter to the antenna B. Thus, an identical information signal using the same PN sequence but plus a fixed number The relative position, or phase, of the PN sequence relative to the transmitted information is different. As a conclusion of the first repetition, the information in the time slot buffer is read for the third time to provide a third repetition of the information, modulated by an extension of the PN sequence, still in different steps, through the correct transmitter to antenna C.

SUBSCRIPTION STATION PROCESSING

The subscriber station using the correct CDMA code receives each of the time slots containing the information signal during playback so that it receives three identical repetitions of the data packet from three antennas located in different locations. The subscriber station then compares the three receivers and selects the one with the best quality, which can be based on bit error rate, phase distortion, signal-to-noise ratio, etc. Thus, spatial transmission diversity is achieved. 2 0 Only one antenna is required at the subscriber station. The subscriber station demodulates and decodes the signal, performs error correction, decompression, etc. A maximum likelihood combiner can be used to combine power from all three time slots. Ideally, the energy of the received data packets is maximally combined before making a hard decision.

During the third time slot T3, the subscriber station transmits back to the transfer station using a PN sequence similar to the one it received. The PN sequence may be that obtained at the reception (after regeneration) or it may be locally generated on the basis of the original code received during the call setup. Since the subscriber station does not transmit within the same time period as it receives, no duplexer or bandwidth filter is required. A simple T / R (transmit / receive) switch is used to connect the antenna between transmission and reception. Only one receiver at a subscriber station is required to develop three branch diversity. The three chains 35 required by the rake receiver are not required in this invention.

Further, the benefits of triple time and space residual, with some frequency protection provided by the extended spectrum, have not been counteracted.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 with capacity. The diversity of the three arms typically produces a reduction to at least 10 dB (10x factor) for deep fades. As the three transmitted repetitions of the same information signal increase the interference level by a factor of 3 (about 5 dB) because the fades are 10 dB less, the transmitter power levels can be reduced by a factor of 10 5 (10 dB). Thus, the total amount of interference is reduced by a factor of 10/3 or 5 dB.

Because the switching station for the subscriber link operates in a self-interference mode, which means that about three times as many simultaneous subscriber circuits can be used as if no diversity had been used.

return path

In the opposite direction (from the subscriber station to the transmission station), three receivers are connected to three antennas at the transmission station, respectively, to provide conventional three-branch spatial diversity. The same analysis regarding the interfere and the number of available circuits is applicable for transmission in the reverse direction, except that the information is transmitted only once and received simultaneously by three base station antennas.

Further, in order to increase the number of subscribers per unit frequency, the present invention is inventive. First, the subscriber station only needs one receiver. Secondly, it doesn't need a duplexer. Third, the transmission station does not need to decode or re-encode any signals. The number of subscribers per transmitter is the same, however, because space diversity is used in the opposite direction, the number of subscribers per receiver increases. Conversely, subscriber station noise

5 may be allowed to be higher if full utilization in the growing number of subscribers is not fully utilized.

The signal received from the subscriber station at the transmission station is retransmitted (again by symbol or bit level regeneration but without decoding),

0 from the station back to the base station without deliberate delay during the same interval.

As long as the slot is in the same TDMA frame, or at least the slot used from the base station to the transfer station, for one frame duration, no further delay is caused by the use of this system.

TRANSFER STATION FIRST EMBODIMENT FIGURES 8,9,15

The CDMA station has a TDMA input on antenna T. The output side of the transmission station on antennas A, B, and C uses the CDMA structure to achieve a large amount of

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 subscribers in relatively densely populated areas. CDMA possesses many features that make it desirable for this application. A broadband signal is inherently coarse in a multipath environment and has the ability to eliminate interference, intentional or otherwise. The possibility that selective fading causes attenuation of the co5 spectrum is reduced as the transmitted spectrum increases. A higher chip number, or increased TW input, reduces the amount of fading margin required to develop a certain level of performance.

The spread spectrum signals have inherent multipath protection to protect against fading. However, statistical models generally do not take into account the frequency of the event or the duration of the fades. The specific geometry at each location, and how the geometry changes relative to the receiver, determines the actual fading patterns. For small cells with low antennas, the difference in length for strong signals is very likely to be small. The result is a smooth fade. That's 15, the spectrum over ten or fifteen Mhz fades at the same time. Therefore, it is not possible to use the inherent multipath protection features of spread spectrum signals to protect against uniform fading unless at least 25 or 30 MHz of spectrum is available. In addition, there is often no consequence of a multipath that has sufficient delay to gain the benefit of the extra Rake receiver. Even sil-

0 the creation of real or artificial plurals requires additional receivers / correlators in the CDMA user terminal. Therefore, in order to maintain reliable operation when using only CDMA, a margin of at least 15 dB is required to be added to link power allocation, especially considering the situation where a mobile user stops together with a zero or a fixed user slightly moves the position geometry.

The present invention utilizes another important feature of spread spectrum systems, the ability to resolve interference, such as the technique of folding in difficult multipath situations. The capacity of the CDMA system is limited by the amount of interference received by the desired receiver. As long as the TW income is sufficient-

0 large enough to remove the desired signal from the interference, it does not matter what the actual speed of the transmitted data is. Therefore, with the present invention, the rate of transmitted information has increased to allow the transmitted signal to be repeated three times from three different antennas, thereby achieving a triple diversity of transmission that allows the transmitted power margin to be reduced by at least 10 dB for a high performance link. Therefore, although additional interference is introduced on the links, CDMA processing gain easily overcomes the opposite effect. That is, the gain of triple diversity far exceeds, in a high quality system, the loss due to increased interference.

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A block diagram of a transfer station according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 8 for a downstream channel. The TDMA antenna T, 916, is coupled via the transmission receiving switch 918 to the TDMA receiver 800.

The output of the TDMA receiver 800 is coupled to a demultiplexer 802 whose output is stored in time slot buffers 806. The time multiplexer 808 accesses the contents of the time slot buffers 806 and outputs data packets to a plurality of CDMA encoders 810 for transmission by antenna A. The output of the time multiplexer 808 also provides data packets as an output to a plurality of CDMA encoders 812 for transmitting antenna C. Similarly, time multiplexer 808 outputs data packets to a plurality of CDMA encoders 814 for transmitting antenna B. Each of the plurality of CDMA encoders 810,812 and 814 is assigned to respective CDMA transmitters 816, 824, and 826. Each of the CDMA transmitters is coupled to a respective antenna 822, 824, and 826 to provide transmissions of the respective antenna A, antenna B, and antenna C, respectively.

The timing and control coordination of the TDMA receiver 800, as well as the slot buffers 806, the time multiplexer 808, and each of the CDMA encoders, are controlled by the synchronization and control apparatus 804. The synchronization and control apparatus 804 20 also provides a location identification (ID) representing a

CDMA encoders 810, 812 and 814 for including the transmitted signals in antennas A, B and C.

The transfer station of Figure 8 also includes a CDMA receiver and a TDMA transmitter

5 900, shown in more detail in the block diagram of FIG. The TDMA transmitter is coupled to the antenna 916 by a transmission receiving switch 918, while the CDMA receivers are coupled via respective diplexers to the antenna A, the antenna B and the antenna C, as shown in more detail in FIG. 15.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a transmission station showing a structure of signal processing in an opposite channel. The antennas A, B and C, shown as 822, 824 and 826, respectively, are coupled to the respective CDMA receiver A, 902, CDMA receiver B, 904, and CDMA receiver C, 906. The corresponding CDMA receivers A, B and the output of C is supplied with a maximum likelihood of connecting ice 908, the output of which is arranged in memory buffers and time slot multiplexer 910. The memory buffers in the time slot multiplexer 910 provide data packets to the TDMA transmitter 914, which is coupled via the transmit receive switch 918 to the antenna 916. The TDMA receiver and the CDMA transmitter 828 corresponding to the block diagram of FIG.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 connected to the second terminal of the transmission receiving switch 918.

FIG. 15 illustrates the antenna configuration of a transmission station allowing antenna A, antenna B, and antenna C to be shared between TDMA and CDMA transmission and reception signals. Modulator 1502 is coupled via time multiplexer 1503 to diplexers 1510, 1514, and 1518, respectively, connected to antenna A, 1512, antenna B, 1516 and antenna C, 1520. The second input of diplexers 1510,1514 and 1518 is respectively connected to the output of demodulator 1504, 1506 and 1508. .

8, the received TDMA signal in antenna 916 is demultiplexed and placed in slot slots 806. A data packet for a given subscriber is selected by time multiplexer 808 during slot 1 to encode a CDMA signal from one of encoders 810 to transmit by antenna A. The same data packet is again 808 to encode the CDMA signal with one of a plurality of encoders 812 during slot 2 for transmission by antenna B. Finally, the same data packet is then selected by the time multiplexer 808 to encode the CDMA signal with one of a plurality of encoders 814 for transmission over time slot 4 by the antenna C.

0 In the opposite direction, and with reference to Figure 9, a CDMA transmission from a subscriber station during slot 3 is substantially simultaneously received by antenna 822, 824, and 826. Each of the CDMA receivers 902, 904, and 906 receives the same data packet. The maximum likelihood combiner 904 combines power from all three time slots before making a hard decision. Generally speaking, the signal,

5 which is the strongest and error free is chosen. After selection, the data packet is kept in memory buffer and time multiplexer 910 waiting to be placed in its proper time slot for transmission by TDMA transmitter 914 with antenna 916.

TRANSFER STATION II. FIG. 12

The transmission station according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 12. Basically, this transmission station is similar to the transmission station of Figures 8 and 9 except that only one CDMA antenna, A, B or C, is provided. Specifically, in Figure 12, antenna 1200 is coupled to a transmission receiving switch

5 The output of the TDMA receiver 1204 is demultiplexed at 1206 and placed in slot slots 1208. The data packet placed in slot slots 1208 is time-multiplexed 1210 by one of a plurality of CDMA encoders 1212. The encoded CDMA signal is

970955 prh 09-03-03 2011 provided in CDMA transmitter 1214, coupled via diplexer 1218 to antenna A, 1228.

Antenna A1228 also receives CDMA signals. Towards this end, CDMA receiver 1226 is coupled to antenna A, 1228, through diplexer 1218 to output received data packets in combiner and time slot buffer 1224. The operation of the transfer station is controlled by 10 synchronization and control equipment 1216, which also includes a unique location identification (ID) for this particular transfer station, and call setup control parameters.

In operation, the transmission station receives TDMA signals with antenna T, 1200 demodulated in TDMA receiver 1204, and demultiplexed in demultiplexer 1206 for placement in time slot buffer 1208. Data packets in time slot buffers 1208 are transmitted by antenna A during time slot 1 . Towards this end, time multiplexer 1210, CDMA encoders 1212, and CDMA transmitter 1214 receive corresponding data packets from time slot buffers 1208 and encode the correct data packet in the CDMA-encoded signal with antenna A. On the return path, CDMA receiver 1226 receives signals simultaneously with antennas A, B, and C over all time slots. The received data packets are demodulated with corresponding PN codes, and placed in slot combiner buffers 1224, each slot being assigned to a different user. Thereafter, the data packets are time-multiplexed in the multiplexer 1222 for transmission by the TDMA transmitter 25 1220 through the transmission receive switch 1202 by the antenna 1200.

The transfer station is a conversion point for mapping the TDM / TDMA signal to the CDMA signal. The CDMA signal, when properly designed, has superior performance against multipath interference. The input side of the transfer station is 30 parts of a structured distribution network. It is basically a double relay point on the network, that is, the address to the end CDMA user also includes the address of the intermediate point (transfer station). Because, in the general case, an end CDMA user can move and access the network through another transfer point, it is necessary to provide the ability to access the transfer station address regardless of the address of the CDMA users. For fixed states, such as TDMA subscriber station 40 in Figure 2, this is not a topic of discussion except for backup routing or for fading protection.

A preferred input network includes a plurality of base stations, transfer stations and

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

TDMA user stations as shown in Figure 2. Any time slot at any frequency could be assigned to any TDMA user or transmission station. In order to reduce the cost of a transfer station, it has been suggested that when a CDMA user is connected to any of the CDMA users assigned to that transfer station via a particular transfer station, it is also designated as a first time slot on the same frequency. Properly managing these designations can greatly reduce the number of TDMA radio elements. The base station 24 or the switching center and the central processor 22 manages the radio resource and assigns frequencies, time slots and PN codes, thereby ensuring efficient use of the spectrum and radios. The frequency, time interval, and PN code are all named during the initial call setup process.

The local transfers on the output side of the gateway are CDMA, but each subscriber is assigned a specific time slot from the time division signal. Therefore, the amount of private information 15 increases with the number of time slots. However, the total amount of data for all subscribers remains the same and the total transmitted power for all signals remains the same, it is only Redistributed. Because the private time slots are turned off when there is no activity, the transmitted power is reduced by about 3 dB for voice traffic. Because the same information has been transmitted three times, the average transmitted power has increased by 5 dB. Therefore,

0 conic transmission power from each transmission station increases by 5 dB, transmission by three times, but also decreased by 10 dB, diversity improvement, resulting in an overall reduction of 5 dB in average power. Generally, interference introduced to other cells is reduced by 5 dB.

The switching process is also performed by the base station (24 in Figure 2) or the switching center and the central processor (22 in Figure 2). There must be at least four slots to get diversity on the CDMA side and still have a slot on the CDMA receiver to sweep other transfer stations. The four time slots only give dual diversity. In five time slots it is possible to achieve the desired level of triple diversity.

0 of course, by adding additional receivers to the CDMA user terminal, it is possible to sweep side by side for better synchronization signals. However, adding a second receiver to all CDMA user terminals would be an expensive solution. Therefore, in the three time slots, there is only dual diversity and no interruption. The four time slots have triple diversity for fixed CDMA subscribers and dual diversity for mobile 3 5 CDMA subscribers. The five time slots have triple diversity for both fixed and mobile CDMA users. Six or more time slots have the opportunity to add flexibility to the channel structure. Figure 7 shows an intermediate structure of a CDMA user terminal for six time slots.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

The triple antenna structure at the transmission station is used in the reverse link while simultaneously listening to one burst of each active subscriber, in its designated time slot, with all three antennas, thereby also achieving a triple mo5 state. The general timing structure for forward and reverse CDMA links at the transmission station is shown in Figure 10A. For the purposes of illustration, six time slots are shown, but as described earlier, any number of time slots, three or more, can be implemented, an upper reasonable limit being near 32.

The order of transfer of three active slots may be spread over the total number of slots, and even more than three slots could be used. The power transmitted at triple diversity from CDMA user terminals may be reduced by at least 5 dB, possibly more, but 5 dB can be considered to fit the forward 15 link performance. In any case, the transmitted power is controlled and kept to a minimum to maintain a high quality link. It is also possible, at higher frequencies, to achieve some antenna independence, even in a relatively small radio or range. Therefore, the same mode of transfer mode and multitasking used in the forward link can be applied to the opposite 2 0 link. Dual diversity would provide a significant improvement in most situations.

Each transmission station continuously transmits a spread spectrum channel for synchronization and control purposes. The synchronization and control channel identifies a particular transfer station

5 manages the user terminals as long as they are assigned to the transfer station. Most of the time, the synchronization and control channel does not carry any user traffic. The synchronization and control channel may be a narrowband channel which may be readily obtained and tracked. The control signal information bearer has a predetermined time slot and includes system and signaling messages to all users who have

0 designated for the specific area covered by that transfer station. The processing gain is sufficient to allow the transmission station to include a plurality of interleaved CDMA signals for transmission in parallel, thereby allowing the antenna array to be shared. Also, only one synchronization and control channel is required for multicast CDMA modules that are integrated in one place.

SUBSCRIPTION STATION Figure 13

A block diagram of a subscriber station in accordance with the present invention is shown in Figure 13.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

The antenna 1300 is coupled to the CDMA receiver 1304 via a transmission receive switch 1302. The output of the CDMA receiver 1304 provides data packets to the data buffers 1306,1308 and 1310. The combiner 1314 selects the data held in the buffers 1306, 1308 and 1310 to output to the digital / analog converter 1316, which also includes means for decompressing the output audio. An analog audio input is provided to the analog / digital converter 1322, which also provides means for compressing the audio signal. At the output of the analog / digital converter 1322, a digital format of audio samples mounted as data packets in the memory buffer 1320.

The CDMA transmitter 1318 encodes the contents of the memory buffer 1320 and outputs the CDMA-encoded signal through the transmit-receive switch 1302 to the antenna 1300.

The CDMA subscriber station is synchronized with the synchronization and timing controller 1312, which also measures signal delay for position measurement, shown below.

In the downstream direction, CDMA receiver 1304 receives three identical data packets, placing one of data packets during time slot T1 in buffer 1306, another data packet during time slot T2 into memory buffer 1308, and a third data packet received during time slot T4 into memory buffer 1310.

0 to be combined or selected as the best received data to be converted to an analog audio output of a digital / analog converter 1316. By using three times and multi-mode data packets, this system is less suspicious for fading, and since the same receiver has been used to demodulate all three samples, no complex signal strength balan2 sounding process is required.

In the opposite direction, the analog audio input to the analog / digital converter 1322, which also includes a digital compression algorithm, provides a data packet to the buffer 1320. During slot T3, the CDMA transmitter 1318 30 encodes the buffer contents for transmission as a CDMA signal on antenna 1300.

Simplification of the CDMA user terminal is a major finding of the present invention.

The main simplification is the ability to time-division the receiver, and especially the correlation as it performs its various functions. The ability to send and receive at different times also simplifies the implementation of a small portable user terminal. A single receiver sequentially receives three multi-mode signals at three different time slots and then transmits to different codes to look for improved signals from other transmission stations. The same receiver is also used for identification and tracking purposes20

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 for support. Since the user terminal does not receive during the time it transmits, there is no need for a duplexer or chip filter. Just a simple on / off switch!

has been used. Because only one PN code is needed at a time, the PN code generation process is also greatly simplified. The baseband processing may be performed on a relatively low speed standard processor.

In the time slots in which the user terminal does not receive or transmit, the receiver is free to search for synchronization and control channels from other transmission stations. When the user terminal identifies a synchronization and control channel that is better than the one to which it is named, the user terminal sends a message to the network controller informing the controller that it has identified a potential candidate for interruption. The network controller uses this input, among other information, to make a decision to interrupt. The network controller sends an interrupt message to the affected units. The identity of the codes to be searched by the user terminal is provided by the central controller of the network through the transmission 15 station where they are located in the control channel.

TIME STRUCTURE NE FIGURES 10A, 10B, 11A, 11B, 17

The time slot assignment to multiplex 6 simultaneous calls is shown in FIG. The time slot assignments for transmission 1002 and reception 1004 are described.

The input to each box contains activity during the corresponding time slot. During the time slot, antenna A transmits T1 to user 1, antenna B transmits T6 to user 6, and antenna C transmits T4 to user 4. At the same time, antennas A, B, and C receive R5 from user 5. During next slot 2, antenna A transmits T2 to user 2, antenna B transmits T1 to user 1 and antenna C transmits T5 to user 5. At the same time, antennas A, B and C receive R6 from user 6. Continuing along the diagram in Figure 10A, during slot 3, antenna A transmits T3 to user 3, antenna B transmits T2 to user 2, and antenna C transmits T6 to user 6, while at the same time, antennas A, B, and C receive R1 from user 1.

Note that during slot 3, none of the antennas A, B, or C transmit to the user

1. Instead, user 1 transmits and receives the transmission station with all three antennas from user 1. However, during slot 4, a third transmission to user 1 is transmitted. That is, during slot 4, antenna A transmits T4 to user 4, antenna B transmits T3 to user 3, and antenna C transmits T1 to user 1. The time slot assignments shown in FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A and 11B are consistent with FIG. 1,2 and 4, and transmits the interval 3. The diagram can be seen in the designation of the slot in Fig. 10A, looking for times when T1 is near

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 posted. The transmission of T1 occurs at time slots 1,2 and 4 with antennas A, B and C, respectively. Transmission to T1 is not visible during T3, but a reference to receiving slots 1004 indicates that R1 has been received from user 1 during slot 3. Since there are three transmissions and one reception at any given time slot, at least 4 addressable CDMA PN spreading code sequences are required.

Thus, time division multiplexing is used such that successive time slots carry data assigned to different users. Code division multiplexing has been used such that at each time multiplexed time slot, PN multi-code sequences allow simultaneous communication with many users. The end result is a time division multiplexed, code division multiplexed signal.

A time division assignment for multiplexing 12 simultaneous calls is shown in FIG. 10B. The time slot assignments for transmission 1006 and reception 1008 are described. During slot 1, antenna 1 transmits T1 to user 1 and T7 to user 7, antenna B transmits to T6 user 6, and T12 to user 12, and antenna C transmits T4 to user 4 and T10 to user 10. At the same time, antennas A, B, and C receive R5 from user 5. , and R11 from 11.

The time slot assignment to multiplex 24 simultaneous calls is shown in Figures 11A and 11B. Fig. 11A shows transmission from a transfer station (downstream), while Fig. 11B shows a transmission to a transfer station (reverse direction). The slot assignments for transmission 1102, 1104, 1106 and reception 1108 are described.

5 By way of example, during slot 5, antenna A transmits T5, T11, T17 and T23 (i.e., T5 to user 5, T11 to user 11, etc.). Antenna B transmits T4, T10, T16 and T22.

The antenna C transmits T2, T8, T14 and T20. at the same time, (during time slot 5), antennas A, B, and C receive R3, R9, R15 and R21 (i.e., R3 from user 3, R9 from user 9, R15 from user 15 and R21 from user 21).

For Fig. 10A, one CDMA encoder per antenna has been required to handle 6 simultaneous calls. In Figure 10B, two CDMA encoders per antenna have been required to handle 12 simultaneous calls. Similarly, in Figure 11A, four CDMA encoders per antenna are required. Thus, for example, if 180 PN code sequences 35 are available, then 180/6 or 30 CDMA encoders per antenna have been required to handle 180 simultaneous calls. If, for these large numbers of accesses, the number of time slots increases, the number of encoders decreases proportionally.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

VARIABLE SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS Figure 14.16

The additional highlighting extends the distance between the base station diversity antennas by using broadband cables of a thousand feet or more. The transmission station 5 transmits the final radio frequency spread spectrum signal by cable to the antenna.

The antenna at the end of the cable contains a radio frequency amplifier. The cable-delivered distribution signals have the same anti-blocking improvement as described for the multi-station transmission diversity approach.

However, rather than using a separate cable for each antenna, the preferred embodiment divides a single cable and uses frequency multiplexing to name a different cable carrier frequency for each antenna. Thus, the desired signal is only transmitted from the antenna closest to the user, which reduces interference. As a further highlight, the cable distribution system integrates the various elements into a local passenger network system. The basic block is a six times transmitted CDMA module, which in series uses three antennas to obtain triple transmit mode and time diversity. For the sake of simplicity, the design of handover processing on an incoming TDMA signal also has a six-slot basic structure. Six-term modularity can easily be developed to include 12, 18, 24, and 30 or 32 multiples. Figure 14 shows an implementation for several different combinations. The preferred embodiment uses a wireless input, such as W or WE, as an input to the transmission station, however, the cable distribution system works just as hard with wired signals as the input.

In the cable-based passenger communication system, the transfer stations are moved back to the central controller, which reduces the cost of the transfer station, since it does not have to be coarse-grained or power-fed. It also reduces the amount of space needed and maintains costs for the units, as they are all in one place and easily accessible. The transfer stations may also be dynamically renamed as the traffic load changes over the course of a day or week, thereby significantly reducing the total number of required transfer stations, increasing distribution network bandwidth, but advances in cable and fiber optics in the distribution system are increasing bandwidth expense. The advantage of having several 35 interconnection options to choose from means that the choice of interconnection becomes an economic choice, determined by the cost factors associated with each installation. Each network is expected to include many or all interconnection options.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

A system arrangement in which the transmission stations are moved back to the same location as the central controller is described in the lower part of Figure 14. A common cable or fiber optic broadband distribution system 1402 is used to connect centrally located transmission stations to distant antennas. Considerable flexibility in configuring the broadband spectrum to signal formats is available to connect centrally located transmission stations to each of the antenna stations. However, for the sake of simplicity, it is preferable to leave the TDMA protocol, which is a time slot CDMA triple multipath / time air interface protocol, and also a frequency signal 10 as a common air interface to each antenna.

Each antenna is assigned a separate center frequency by a broadband distribution cable 1402. Due to the TDMA and CDMA sharing capability, many users can be served by the same antenna using the same cable frequency. The transmission station antenna at position N includes a transceiver tuned to the designated cable frequency. The central controller transmits and receives data packets in the final TDMA / CDMA waveform representing telephone traffic on each of the designated frequencies of the broadband distribution cables 1402. Thus, as shown in Figure 16, each remote location includes a remote transceiver (transmitter, receiver, local oscillator, diplexer, and antenna) at location 1602. The remote unit is a relatively simple receiver, frequency converter, and low power transmitter, for both forward and reverse directions. The low power transceiver is suitable because the cells are small and triple diversity (three antennas and three time slots) is used to connect the subscriber station to the system. The transmission side of the central controller provides individual information streams along its associated signaling and control information at interface A 'in FIG. 14, which is shown in assignable time slots in the form of packets.

The signaling information includes the called party identification number (s), code, service profile and authentication code, etc. The control information includes routing information (i.e., which base station, gateway, antenna naming), power levels, traffic on or off, interrupt messages, etc. en-?

user information (voice telephony) begins to pass over the circuit, however, a considerable amount of information also flows during the time that voice telephony is actually in the circuit. A separate control channel is required even after the connection to the user is completed, the base station operation translates this information into a protocol needed to make a connection to the TDMA air interface and provides the TDMA radio spectrum at the interface W. The transfer station changes the time of the TDMA protocol.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 transmitted to the CDMA triple multi-mode / time air interface protocol and transmits this signal first to antenna A, then to antenna B, and finally to antenna C (FIG. 14).

The centrally located combined base station and transmission station (BT) module 1404 combines the operation of the base station and the transmission station and converts the signal displayed at A 'into a time slot CDMA triple diversity air interface. The BT interconnected module may be developed by direct interconnection of different hardware, or the modules developed for the combined use of the base station and the transfer station may be integrated.

CDMA signal branches at the output of the transmission station or at the output of the BT module, as shown in Figures 15 and 16. In the case of transmission stations connected to the respective antennas by three different cables, the output is large switched to the right moment. When a single cable is used to smoke all the antennas, the transmission station output is frequency hopped at the right moment by changing the synthesizer frequency to the designated antenna frequency. The BT module is similarly a frequency chain.

It is important to note that the user information is replicated in each of the three time slots, but the PN code continues to flow and is different during each time slot. Therefore, repetition is not the same as in imitation multipaths or emulated multipaths.

0 The PN generator will only continue to run without saving or resetting the sequence. The continuous flow of the PN code is simpler compared to restarting the PN sequence.

In the discussion above, it has been assumed that the time slots will immediately follow another

5 after; this is not necessary, however, as long as the recipient has a priori knowledge of the jump sequence. In a preferred embodiment, BT transmits in two adjacent time slots and then listens for a response signal from the user terminal. During the user transmission time slot, the user terminal informs the BT module that it will not transmit a third diversity slot if the first two 30 time slots have provided sufficient performance and no position measurement is required.

Using only one dual diversity reduces interference to other users and frees the user receiver to perform other functions.

An alternative way is to utilize 1/3 of the forward error correction code that is spread over all three time slots. The use of such coding provides improved performance if the error statistics during each time slot are nearly the same. If one time slot gets significantly worse and can be identified to be bad, it may be better to ignore the bad time slot and request anten25

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 interruption to compensate for that interval if poor performance continues. Because it is expected that the correct diversity channel statistics will lead to different large multi-time statistics, it is a preferred option not to use the forward error correction code for more than three time slots. Although the error detection and correction codes are only 5 included in each time slot, forward error correction codes can be used over many time slots.

Each antenna, assuming there is data to be transmitted, transmits during each time slot. Since the data is transmitted three times, there are three CDMA signals transmitted at each time slot for each module connected to that antenna. If there are 4 modules connected to the antenna, the 4 modules are supported by 24 users at any one time, there would be 12 CDMA signals leaving the antenna at each time slot, (see FIG. 11A, 11B). If the gain factor is about 50%, only six CDMA signals are actually transmitted and if 20-25% of the time by the third time interval 15 is not required, only 4-5 CDMA signals would be transmitted at one time. The same antennas are used on the receiving side, or the reverse link (from the user to the transmission station).

As mentioned earlier, the user's CDMA terminal transmits only one ai20 per unit, and the transmission station receives its transmission at three simultaneous antennas, resulting in a triple multiplex in the receiver. The three receiving signals come to the transmission station, or BT module, either on separate wires or at different frequencies, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, and are processed separately.

These processed signals are summed together using a maximum probability of 25 rope combiners. The S / L of each antenna path is measured and stored for at least ten time intervals. The recording of the signal statistics is used in the maximum likelihood combining process. The recorded signal statistics are also useful in the decision process to interrupt other antennas.

The interrupt process for the BT cable network is based on the signal received from each antenna. The CPU receives the information with link quality in both directions. On a forward link, it receives information on separate paths through different antennas. Information on road quality through a particular antenna can be evaluated and compared to existing roads through various antennas and other new paths that the user terminal is constantly searching for as the current road continues to deteriorate over a certain time period and a better road is available a user terminal that has done so.

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The switching process for the transfer station is similar except that the cut-off is generally to between the transfer stations rather than the antennas. Once disconnected from the transmission station to the transmission station, all three antennas associated with a particular transmission station are disconnected with the transmission station. A few transmission stations can be implemented with widely separated antennas. In the case of transmission stations with widely separated antennas, the cut-off process described for the BT module could be used.

Functional Description: The new subscriber turns on his CDMA user terminal and sweeps the sync codes until he recognizes the sync code. The CDMA user terminal then initializes the registration message. The transfer station receives this message and forwards it to the central controller, which recognizes it with an authentication message back to the user terminal. The central controller goes to the home directory of the new terminal and obtains the user profile and places it in the active users file. The new user is now registered and all calls are routed to this new service area.

There are 28 different synchronization codes and one synchronization code is assigned to each

0 sector. The 28 areas make up the area and the homes are repeated in the next area. The transfer stations in the industry have been assigned different transfers or starting points for their specific code. Therefore, each transmission station, or widely separated antenna, must have an identifiable code. The central controller knows which antenna or transmission station the new user enrolled so that the controller directs all information to the new user through its node. The central controller also provides the new user with a series of codes, or different starting points, with his current code, to search for identifiable diversity paths or break candidates. The new user will continue to follow the synchronization and control channel for half his time intervals. The other half of his time, he sweeps aikaväliensä better synchronization channels vuok30 si.

The user is paged on the control channel and is given a CDMA and slot assignment which he sets so that he is ready to make a call. When a user requests a service, he or she is also provided with a CDMA code and time35 linearization for the duration of the call. The user terminal will remain in this state until the end of the call unless the signal in one or all of the diversity paths becomes weak. Because the user's receiver constantly evaluates incoming signals and sweeps for better new roads, it knows if the road is going bad and remarksF |

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 Guarantee Central Controller for this status in the list of better candidates. The central controller provides a cutoff and the user terminal goes to the new CDMA code and time slot. None of these activities will be noticeable to the end user.

At the beginning of each time slot there is a short unmodulated portion, without user information used for resynchronization and region matching, followed by a short control message portion. These short bursts are transmitted, whether or not user information. If no user information has been transmitted, the control message will confirm this and the transmitter power will be reduced by ten dB for the user information portion of the slot. It should be noted that four time slots are available for the forward channel to override user information, depending on what agreements have been made between the user and the central controller. These intervals, as described above, can be reversed so that other users have access to additional capacity. Many time slots can be used to improve diversity or to transmit increased amounts of data, many data channels, or a graphics channel together with an audio channel. The possibility of extending multiple parties to a conference call is also possible.

POSITION PROCESSING FIGURES 20,21,22,23

Figure 20 shows the radio links of Figure 1 or Figure 4, in which the car and its antenna are represented by the user antenna U. The radio links are time-slot as shown in Figure 10A. The radio link AU is time slot and is present during slot 1. The radio link BU is also time slot and is present during slot 2. The radio link CU is also time slot and is present during slot 4. The radio link AU forms an absolute range from U to antenna A. The area to antenna A provides a reference for measuring the difference in path length between radio links AU and BU. Similarly, the length of the radio link AU has also been used as a reference to measure the difference in path length between the radio links AU and CU.

Because the occurrence (synchronization) of all single vectors is the same for all three antennas, the areas for all three antennas may be differentiated by the corresponding arrival times of all one vectors at each time slot. The location center, which has the physical geographical coordinates of all three antennas, calculates the location of the users' antenna U.

The positioning geometry is shown in Figures 20, 21, 22 and 23. The first area measurement AU determines the user somewhere in circle A in the figure

21. Specifying another area also requires the user to be in a circle

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

B. The only places where this can be true are where the circles intersect at X and Z. Therefore, his position is narrowed to two possible points. The third area assignment determines the user somewhere in circle C. Since the user is also in circle C, he must be at point Z. Getting additional areas for the other antennas will confirm the first series of measurements and in many cases improve the accuracy. If the terrain has significant variations in altitude, constant-area circles become constant-area spheres, and additional measurements eliminate any ambiguity that could be caused by the addition of a third dimension. The positioning processing center transforms these coordinates into user-friendly instructions. Area measurements with the CDMA system have been obtained as follows:

1. The pseudo-noise code when applied between A and U to act as a yardstick. The time required to propagate between A and U allows many chips, a propagation time in microseconds times the number of chips in megabits, to represent the length of the link or being stored in the link during signal propagation. See Figure 20.

2. There are two ways to increase the number of chips that are stored in the path. One is to increase the length of the road and the other is to increase the clock speed of the chip. Increasing the clock speed of the chip is analogous to marking the controller with a lower-

0 on this scale. Therefore, increasing the chip clock speed saves more chips in the road delay and allows for more accurate measurements.

3. The path length from antenna A to user terminal U and back to antenna A can be measured by transmitting from A, then retransmitting the same PN code, at the incoming stage, from user terminal U, and comparing the reproduced signal as received in antenna A to the signal previously transmitted from antenna A. By delaying the original signal until it fits, chip from chip, received signal, in A, and calculating the number of chips released, the total delay is proportional to twice the distance between antenna A and antenna U 30.

4. The accuracy of distance measurement is approximately 1/4 of the number of feet represented by a single chip. A 1/4 chip is an implementation constraint that is determined by how accurately the correlation peak is detected and traced. It is possible to reduce this error with auto-correlation techniques, but a 1/4 chip is a realistic resolution.

5. To determine the path length between the antenna A and the user terminal U, described in section 3 above, Figure 22 shows the signals 2202 transmitted and the signal

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 lit 2204 received on antenna A. At 10 megabits per second, the chip clock speed is approximately 100 feet represented by each chip. A 51 chip delay between the transmitted 2202 and the received 2204 signals represents the time required for the radio wave to travel transversely between the subscriber station and the transmission station. One half of the round trip delay, or 25.5 chips, represents the distance to the antenna. Thus, for example, the distance from antenna A to the user terminal antenna U is (51 x 11) / 2 = 2250 feet. Distance measurement accuracy is plus or minus 25 ft (100 ft / 4).

6. Thus, the distance AU is measured quite accurately. As described earlier, the receiver uses a single receiver for all time slots. As the subscriber receiver listens to the time slot while working with the base station to reproduce the received waveform, the same step without delay through the user terminal, the base station receiver, as described above, compares the received step with the transmitted step to determine the absolute range, , where it is stored for future access and use. As stated above, the waveform phase is important if the origin, all one-vector, stays through the user terminal, a new similar PN code may be replaced by the reverse link. A similar code could include that same code, shifted by a given offset.

7. The same forward and reverse measurement process as described above could be used to obtain two other areas (for antennas B and C) where the results would also be stored in memory at the user station. However, direct area measurement of all three antennas is not necessary. See Figure 23. The same receiver receives information across all three paths. By doing so, the receiver adjusts for the difference in path length at the beginning of each time slot. Once matched, the first time the receiver uses this antenna as an information channel, the code is stored and stored in memory until the radio returns to this same slot, whereupon it is taken from the memory and used as a starting point for tracking loops. Therefore, the receiver is essentially maintaining three separate sets of receiver parameters, emulating three different sets of receivers, one set of parameters for slot 1, a separate set for slot 2, and further different sets for slot 3. Distances to antenna B and antenna C may be determined by increasing or decreasing offset, absolute value, measured at AU. In reality, the offset is determined before the time slot is used as a first-time information channel, this determination is made in the process of finding new paths for an interrupt. Delays in signal quality measurement are determined by the maintained mah

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 in live clipping targets file. These delay deviation measurements have also been used as additional range measurements in the position locating process.

Specifically, continuing the above example, signal 2302 transmitted on antenna A represents a 25.5 chip region from antenna A to user terminal antenna

U. Signal 2304 received at antenna U from antenna A has been used as a reference to measure the relative arrival time of signals from antennas B and C, adapted to the different time slots in which these signals are located.

Because the timing for slots 1,2 and 3 is sequential, the real-time chip formulas for slots 2 and 3 do not overlap. However, after matching to time slot delays, the timing ratio is as shown in Figure 23. Thus, adapted to time slot difference, signal 2306 received from antenna B in user terminal antenna U has been received in advance (i.e., offset from signal from antenna A) by 8 chips.

Similarly, signal 2308 received from antenna C from user terminal U is also received in advance (i.e., a deviation relative to signal from antenna C) but with 6 chips. The received signals may be either delayed or early (i.e., positive or negative delay) relative to the reference signal 2304. reception in advance indicates that the antenna (B or C) is closer

0 on the contrary, antenna A. Delayed reception indicates that antenna (B or C) is farther away than antenna A.

In Figure 23, the range from antenna B to antenna U is 25.5-8 = 17.5 chips. Under foot,

17.5 chips is 17.5 x 100 = 1750 feet, the length of the BU path. Area from antenna C to antenna

5 then U is 25.5 - 6 = 19.5 chips. The feet have 19.5 chips at 19.5 x 100 = 1950 = path length in CU. The user terminal may be located in Z, the intersection of circle A at 2250 feet from antenna A, circle B at 1750 feet from antenna B, and circle C at 1950 feet from antenna C.

0 Alternatively, positioning measurement may be accomplished by calculating the intersection of two hyperbolae. The first hyperbola is the groove of all points that have a fixed difference in distance between two focal points proportional to the difference in delay between antenna A and antenna B. The second hyperbola is the groove of all points that have a fixed difference in delay between two focal points proportional to the difference in delay between antenna B and antenna C (or between antenna A and antenna C). Antennas A and B are the focal points of the first hyperbell while antennas B and C are the focal points of the second hyperbell. In this way, the subscriber's location may be calculated without requiring r bidirectional switching between the user terminal and the transfer station;

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 first area measurement.

POSITIONING FIGURES 18, 19

Because the subscriber station receiver receives information from three different paths departing from known locations, the station location information is obtained by measuring the arrival time of messages in a fixed time reference. Measurement accuracy depends on the number of chips, but with 10 megabits per second it is quite accurate. There are several ways of measuring the position and the display may be performed, depending on how much processing is available at the user terminal. the choice also depends on who actually uses the information. It could be significantly inactive, using only relative chip offset information and getting a reference from the current cell. The user could locally receive and display his or her location, much like a GPS satellite is used.

The GPS receiver displays longitude and latitude. The location information may also be sent back to a processing center providing the service to the user. The processing center converts longitude and latitude coordinates to a location of geographic importance, such as a house number on a particular street.

Local geolocation measurement is particularly attractive to people who are concerned about safety and health issues. The service center manager could either report to the police, name a family, or the service center could include, as part of a special service, staff to check for irregular status-

5 you're doing. Of course, the service center can also, for a nominal fee, tell an individual his or her street location and give instructions on how to get to the desired destination address. These services may be provided for users who are pedestrians or vehicles. The destination instructions can be detailed directions in a single time series, or a specific and continuous intersection passing ahead as 30 users travel the proposed route. Advancing can take the form of an audio command, or a text display, telling the user to turn right at the next intersection. A delivery truck, van, ambulance, or fire truck could have a separate box showing a local map with directions written on it. You can also customize directions as traffic congestion changes. this

5 the benefits of the system would be a significant increase in overall safety, comfort and productivity.

In the previously described system configurations, the separation between the antennas is

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 made sufficient for accurate positioning capability. By positioning the antennas to have independent paths sufficient to avoid uniform fading due to interfering obstructions, the resolution is also sufficient to reduce the triangular error to a very small amount. The additional cost of incorporating optimization in positioning capability is nominal.

Drive Location processing is carried out to a third party supplier, which owns and manages the position location center. The location service can be performed in several ways. An advantageous way is to make the user terminal repository of all pai support information by building and maintaining a location file. The positioning center interrogates the user terminal through a normal public switched telephone network (preferably packet) when it needs information. Preferably, a fee for encryption during transfer and a privacy access code are used. The user terminal could also send location information to the location center, also via a public switched telephone network, in response to user activity. For example, when a user presses the alarm button, the radio sends an alarm message with location information to the location center. The positioning center would respond according to pre-arranged directions and the level of service ordered. Because the user terminal radio generates code deviation information internally, the only additional information the cellular system needs to provide to the user terminal is the distance, one way or back, from the user to one of the base station antennas. The range information provided as a service feature to the user must be identified by the base station antenna. All measurements must be made in a 100 ms time window or the error resulting from vehicle movement between measurements would become too large. For stationary vehicles or pedestrians, the time window to perform patch measurements could be much longer because there is little or no movement between measurements. Therefore, the distance measurement sent by the system to the user terminal includes distance in feet, time in milliseconds, and unit identification. By receiving distance measurement, the user terminal stores the message and makes code deviation measurements on a plurality of different antennas, and, if the 30 signal levels are sufficient, stores the composite information in a location file.

The location file is busy until the user terminal radio has received a new range message, in which case the user terminal radio makes code offset measurements and updates the location file.

When the Location Center asks the user terminal radio for its location, the radio transmits the contents of the location file, the Location Center processes this data into very accurate map data, a position on a particular street (may be displayed on a typical street map). The system normally measures the distance to the subscriber once every minute,

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 when the subscriber is in the active receive mode, the receiver is on, waiting for paging. The time interval between measurements is variable and can be customized by the userr according to needs. The system sends this new distance to the subscriber station, which places it in a file and gives new code deviation measurements with it. If the subscriber is engaged in a conversation, the user terminal transmits, the base station measures every 10 seconds, and if the distance varies by more than one hundred feet, the system sends a message to the subscriber station. Each time a user terminal receives a distance measurement, it adds local code offset measurements and updates the file.

It can be seen that the user terminal location file is updated at least every minute and more frequently if authorized. Therefore, the system can know the location of any active user at a distance of approximately 100 feet. Better accuracy and more frequent updates are certainly possible, but due to the load of data links, the number of subscribers receiving better performance would be more of a expectation than a rule. Each time a user presses the alarm button on his portable terminal, the terminal transmits the contents of the location file three times, which is long enough for the system to read the new distance and send a message to the user terminal. The user terminal makes several deviation measurements and sends the new Patch file three times. The alarm message is repeated every 30 hours until the battery runs out. The user terminal radio may include a module (with its own battery) that transmits an audible sound each time a radio alarm message is sent.

5 The system generates coarse positioning information at the user terminal, which must be converted to human-readable map data. Usually, basic latitude, latitude, or angle and distance readings are fine. However, there is a need for a third party to translate this data into a format that is readily available to the mass audience, such as the service business. Since the user terminal has basic location information, it may be provided to any authorized entity requesting it from the user terminal. The location processing center regularly queries subscribed user terminals and maintains a file of their current location.7 dip. One possible service for subscribers with health problems is a monitoring system during exercise. If the subscriber stops at an unusual place too

5 for a long time without pressing the alarm button, the location center operator could request live characters or send a medical technician to a paused subscriber. In the event of an emergency, the location center operator knows the subscriber's location to send assistance. On the other hand, when the alarm button is pressed, the alarm message is addressed to the positioning center

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 where they are equipped to deal with such emergencies. The ability to track user terminals and provide assistance as a result of some action is useful for many applications. Tracking stolen cars, detecting congestion, preventing ambulances from getting lost, and reporting vandalism are a few examples of the practice of this invention.

The system requires, especially in its distributed configuration as described above, a constant zero-time reference for different base station antennas. When a zero-time reference is available, the time to resynchronize as the signal jumps from antenna to antenna is significantly reduced and also aids in the search and truncation process. The positioning application capability described above allows the system to regularly self-calibrate by positioning a plurality of user terminals, as described above, in fixed locations, and determining the correct zero-time setting for these locations. Keeping the correct response in the CPU as the system wipes these checkpoints will receive an error message if the system is out of calibration. The same checkpoints have been used to show the actual delay during the process where the variable delay is introduced by adding or subtracting the system delay in one or more signal paths in the recalibration or matching process.

The calibration process could be easily automated. Automation could be accomplished in two ways. The first approach is to sweep the checkpoints every minute and determine any error that has occurred. If this error reaches a significant level, the communication system will contact the location center and provide the center with the corrections that need to be made to the positioning calculations. The latter approach requires close coordination with the traffic system and the positioning center. A more independent approach would be desirable. The communication system itself could maintain the correct zero state by swiping the control points as described above and having the ability to add or remove a delay 1806 down the path to the antenna.

Figure 18 illustrates a system with self-calibration. Once a minute systemi interrogates each checkpoint 1802. This results in the distance measure being sent to checkpoint 1802, where the checkpoint receiver adds the code

5 offset measurements, and sends the contents of the patch file to processor 1804, where the received file is compared to a file containing the correct measurements. If the difference exceeds a threshold, processor 1804 calculates changes in the delay required to bring the measurements within tolerance and directs the correction to the controller.

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011

The controller maintains a file containing a variable delay 1806 for each antenna to be added. The controller changes the delay input in the file and a new measurement is taken to confirm the calibration. Changes that require significant changes are unlikely, but if this were to occur, the controller would not initialize any measurements that include the branch that is in the recalibration. Thus, positioning capability also provides service to the communication system. Self-calibration leads to a significant reduction in its installation cost and allows for more economical system components.

The positioning associated with the communication between the antenna devices and the subscriber terminal may be divided into several different links. The tasks performed on these links are: 1, distance measurement (requires bidirectional link but no traffic); 2, transmitting the measurement information to the subscriber terminal (one-way data link, excluding any retransmission requests); 3, measuring a code offset 15 (requires only listening of the user terminal, data not transmitted); 4, sending the location file to the location center or the traffic processor 1804 (the data links can be either one-way or two-way). Distance measurement can only be done by the system, and because it requires a two-way link, it can be done when a normal call channel is installed, or if the terminal is in listening mode, the system needs to install a short back and forth connection.

A bidirectional link is required because the base station measures the difference of the code phase between the signal it sends to the user terminal and the signal it receives from the user terminal. In Fig. 18, the above function is performed on a processor 25 1804. In this sense, the system functions as a radar having a pulse width PN chip. The one-way data link message that carries the distance measurement to the user terminal is a single message that typically contains an error correction code and may also require an authentication message to be sent from the feedback terminal to the base station. The identification message could be sent independently or included as part of a distance measurement function.

The code deviation information is also placed in a file accessible from outside the system. As described earlier, the user terminal time-distributes one receiver to three different paths that depart at three different times from three different 35 antennas. Therefore, the receiver traces three different paths one after the other.

The PN code on each path is the same, and as described above, the code has the same start time on each antenna, but due to the difference in distance to the three different antennas, the user terminal, the codes arriving at the user terminal are

970955 prh 09 -03- 2011 different code steps. However, because the system rotates very quickly from antenna to antenna, the receiver rotates between the signals received from each antenna. Therefore, the receiver maintains three different start states and traces loops to different time slots. At the end of each time slot, the exact time is known in advance, the earlier time is stored in a computer and stored at the beginning of the next time slot named for the same antenna. Thus, the processor emulates three different receivers. The receiver quickly adjusts for any slight misalignment that occurred when the receiver was locked to other antennas. Note that the receiver has a special start mode. Thus, the PN sequence has been shifted to compensate for the difference in the area on the path between the user terminal and the first antenna and on the path between the user terminal and the second antenna. The difference is the code deviation because the code deviation measures the difference in the region. Thus, the distance to the other antenna is known without having to make a closed-loop (bidirectional) measurement. The same processor is monitored for the third antenna.

Additional inputs greater than three in the location file are available using the normal lookup mode used by the user terminal radio to identify potential candidates for termination. The user terminal radio searches for pilot codes from nearby antennas to determine if any of these antennas have better signals than one of the three currently in use. If so, the user terminal notifies the system that a good candidate is available. The search process begins in the PN signal state coming from slot number one, and if nothing is found in that state, the radio adds a chip to the path length and reintegrates. The radio continues to add chips until it finds a sig-

5 or exceed the regional threshold. If it exceeds the region threshold, it resets

For PN pilot generator new pilot code and starts at 0 offset again. Therefore, when the radio finds a new pilot signal, it knows how many chips it added before it succeeded, the number of chips added is also a code deviation. The code deviation value at code recognition that uniquely identifies

0 punch the antenna, and the time stamp is given in the location file. The radio places the inputs in the location file even though they are no better than the current signals. As the radio sweeps in and finds new antennas, it places the top four results in a location file. As it continues to sweep, older inputs will be replaced with new, better inputs.

Now that the required information is available in the user terminal location file, it can be made accessible to any authorized inquirer. Positioning services may be provided by the operator or by a competing independent service provider37 and. In addition, there are also large private positioning centers operated by large fleet owners. Location Center 1902 receives location files through a public switched network, see Figure 19. The network may be a circuit switched network or a packet switched network. A packet switched network is suitable and economical for this type of application.

102 members in 10 offices

This recordMember, by publication datePriority claim

Priority claims8

Priority claims
Document	Office	Kind	Date
30123094	United States of America	A	1994-09-06
30123094	United States of America	A	1994-09-06
9511067	United States of America	W	1995-08-31
9511067	United States of America	W	1995-08-31
9500110	–	–	–
301230P	–	–	–
US19940301230	–	–	–
WO1995US11067	–	–	–

Members102

Family members, oldest first
Document	Office	Kind
WO9608908A2	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A2	1996-03-21
AU4462096A	Australia	A	1996-03-29
WO9608908A3	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A3	1996-05-23
US5614914A	United States of America	A	1997-03-25
FI970955A	Finland	A	1997-04-14
FI970955A7	Finland	A7	1997-04-14
EP0779991A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	1997-06-25
US5663990A	United States of America	A	1997-09-02
JPH10509287A	Japan	A	1998-09-08
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EP0779991A4	European Patent Office (EPO)	A4	2001-10-04
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US2002093934A1	United States of America	A1	2002-07-18
US2002097704A1	United States of America	A1	2002-07-25
US2002101847A1	United States of America	A1	2002-08-01
US2002105962A1	United States of America	A1	2002-08-08
US2004062220A1	United States of America	A1	2004-04-01
US6778515B2	United States of America	B2	2004-08-17
US6785251B2	United States of America	B2	2004-08-31
US6804207B2	United States of America	B2	2004-10-12
US6842444B2	United States of America	B2	2005-01-11
FI20050650A	Finland	A	2005-06-17
FI20050650A7	Finland	A7	2005-06-17
FI20050650L	Finland	L	2005-06-17
EP1564907A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2005-08-17
US2005185627A1	United States of America	A1	2005-08-25
US2005249178A1	United States of America	A1	2005-11-10
JP2005323392A	Japan	A	2005-11-17
FI20051346A	Finland	A	2005-12-30
FI20051346A7	Finland	A7	2005-12-30
FI20051346L	Finland	L	2005-12-30
EP1615353A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2006-01-11
JP2006042323A	Japan	A	2006-02-09
JP2006042324A	Japan	A	2006-02-09
EP1564907A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2006-04-05
HK1081750A1	Hong Kong, China	A1	2006-05-19
HK1085584A1	Hong Kong, China	A1	2006-08-25
JP2007202166A	Japan	A	2007-08-09
JP2007208996A	Japan	A	2007-08-16
EP0779991B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2007-10-10
EP1615353A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2007-10-10
DE69535615D1	Germany	D1	2007-11-22
DK0779991T3	Denmark	T3	2008-02-11
ES2296294T3	Spain	T3	2008-04-16
JP4080529B2	Japan	B2	2008-04-23
EP1926229A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2008-05-28
EP1926230A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2008-05-28
EP1926231A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2008-05-28
EP1926232A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2008-05-28
EP1933475A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2008-06-18
DE69535615T2	Germany	T2	2008-07-10
JP2008211829A	Japan	A	2008-09-11
US2008219233A1	United States of America	A1	2008-09-11
US2008219234A1	United States of America	A1	2008-09-11
JP2008228320A	Japan	A	2008-09-25
JP2008236763A	Japan	A	2008-10-02
US7463608B2	United States of America	B2	2008-12-09
HK1118980A1	Hong Kong, China	A1	2009-02-20
HK1118982A1	Hong Kong, China	A1	2009-02-20
US7554964B2	United States of America	B2	2009-06-30
EP1615353B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2009-12-16
DE69536031D1	Germany	D1	2010-01-28
JP2010022048A	Japan	A	2010-01-28
JP4418776B2	Japan	B2	2010-02-24
DK1615353T3	Denmark	T3	2010-04-19
JP4457117B2	Japan	B2	2010-04-28
JP4457118B2	Japan	B2	2010-04-28
JP4457157B2	Japan	B2	2010-04-28
JP4457158B2	Japan	B2	2010-04-28
ES2339124T3	Spain	T3	2010-05-17
EP1564907B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2010-07-28
EP1926232A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2010-08-11
EP1933475A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2010-08-18
DE69536092D1	Germany	D1	2010-09-09
JP2010206826A	Japan	A	2010-09-16
EP1926231A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2011-02-09
EP2293462A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2011-03-09
JP4665009B2	Japan	B2	2011-04-06
EP2309660A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2011-04-13
JP4689748B2	Japan	B2	2011-05-25
FI121945BThis record	Finland	B	2011-06-15
JP2011151829A	Japan	A	2011-08-04
EP1926229A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2011-10-05
EP1926230A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2011-10-05
EP2309660A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2011-10-05
EP2293462A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2011-10-26
US8130696B2	United States of America	B2	2012-03-06
US8155017B2	United States of America	B2	2012-04-10
JP2012120222A	Japan	A	2012-06-21
JP4964994B2	Japan	B2	2012-07-04
US8228886B2	United States of America	B2	2012-07-24
US8248988B2	United States of America	B2	2012-08-21
EP1926232B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2012-09-26
DK1926232T3	Denmark	T3	2013-01-07
JP5113214B2	Japan	B2	2013-01-09
ES2396385T3	Spain	T3	2013-02-21
US8432867B2	United States of America	B2	2013-04-30
EP1933475B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2013-05-29

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	Event	Code
2015-09-24	Patent expiredExpiredMA	MA
2013-02-06	Transfer of assignment of patentPC	PC
2011-06-15	Patent grantedGrantedFG	FG

Wireless telephone distribution system with time and space diversity transmission

Abstract

Term

WIRELESS PHONE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH MULTI-TIME AND MULTI-MODE TRANSMISSION

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION-FIRST EMBODIMENT FIGURES 1,2,3,8,9

MAKING A CALL

A FORWARD ROAD

SUBSCRIPTION STATION PROCESSING

TRANSFER STATION FIRST EMBODIMENT FIGURES 8,9,15

TRANSFER STATION II. FIG. 12

TIME STRUCTURE NE FIGURES 10A, 10B, 11A, 11B, 17

POSITION PROCESSING FIGURES 20,21,22,23

POSITIONING FIGURES 18, 19

Priority claims8

Members102

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Titles3

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