Method and apparatus for oiling rotating or oscillating components

Translation of description of equivalent WO 2010106179 A1

title

Process and device for oil lubrication of rotating or oscillating components

description

The invention relates to a method for heating a lubrication system of rotating or oscillating components, in particular for an internal combustion engine or a transmission, having at least one oil suction pipe, which is disposed in an oil sump and with an oil return umführenden bypass line, wherein in the bypass pipe a valve is arranged ,

State of the art

The DE 27 53 716 relates to a hot-air-emitting heater for driven by an internal combustion engine vehicles, with a loadable atmospheric air heat exchanger for heat dissipation of flowing in a conduit circuit heat carrier and also switched into the loop circuit, the exhaust heat of the engine retaining-dispensing to the heat transfer medium heat exchanger , The line circuit for the heat transfer of the heater is at least the lubricating oil circuit of the Internal combustion engine in a thermally conductive compound. Here, a heat transfer to the lubricating oil in a dry sump tank is achieved in that heat to the present in the dry sump tank Schmierö l is delivered through a flowing in a flow line heat carrier.

GB 2,381,576 A discloses an exhaust gas heat

Recovery device with a heat exchanger line and a bypass line. In the area of ​​the heat exchange line, a heat exchanger is arranged. At least one valve means is shear line in the heat exchanger and / or the bypass line are provided in order to influence an exhaust-gas stream in the heat exchanger conduit. At least the heat exchanger pipe has a Abgasströmrichtung in mounting position on a slope.

EP 0885758 B l relates to a method for operating a heat exchanger in the exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine for motor vehicles, in which the exhaust gas stream can be divided into a main line and a bypass line. The heat exchanger is arranged in the bypass line. In a warm-up operation, a backflow is generated in the main line, the back pressure on the exhaust port of the engine cause gently. The warm-up operation is divided into two phases, whereby in the first phase, a higher back pressure is generated as in the second phase. A first valve disposed line connections in the main line between the bypass line, wherein a second valve in the bypass line is disposed downstream of the heat exchanger. In the first phase, both valves are closed, wherein in the second phase, the first valve is closed but the second valve is open.

EP 0202344 describes a tank truck for transporting liquid goods, wherein a the outside of the tank along flowing medium supplies heat to the tank capacity. The medium is a heat transfer oil and flows through the circuit at least one of the hot exhaust gases of the engine of the tractor-trailer tank out flocked heat exchanger. For reducing a pollutant content of the combustion gases a through-flow of the combustion gases catalyst is disposed upstream of the heat exchanger.

The DE 199 08 088 Al relates to an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine for a vehicle, with a Fahrgastraumheizvorrichtung, an exhaust pipe, a coolant line which forms a cooling circuit with a first pump, at which the internal combustion engine is connected, and a Exhaust gas heat exchanger for transferring exhaust gas heat to a heating heat exchanger. The exhaust gas heat exchanger is provided between the exhaust pipe and a circulation line means effectively constituting a circulation circuit, to which the heating heat exchanger is connected directly or indirectly.

The DE 199 08 088 Al, but also relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular diesel internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is connected to a branching off from the coolant line first bypass, in which a first thermostat valve is arranged, which the first bypass until reaching an average coolant temperature largely blocks and opens above the coolant temperature. In a parallel to the first bypass extending second bypass a second thermostat valve is arranged, which largely closes the second bypass above the mean cooling temperature.

The DE 100 47 810 Al relates to a heating circuit with a supplementary heating device for motor vehicles with internal combustion engine, which is part of a separate short circuit, which can be switched by means of a switching device in the heating circuit. As Zusatzheizvorrichtung an exhaust system of the engine of the motor vehicle is used, the exhaust heat is transferred to the heating circuit. The exhaust heat is lowered when the heat demand of the interior heating under border exhaust heat supply by motorized see measures be lifted. DE 100 47 810 Al, but also relates to a method for operating a heating circuit with a Zusatzheizvorrichtung for motor vehicles with internal combustion engine, formed as from the engine exhaust and coolant flowed through the exhaust gas heat exchanger. To increase the heating power of the Zusatzheizvorrichtung the engine operating parameters can be influenced.

EP 1094214 A2 relates to a heat recovery system with a circulation line in which circulates a heat transfer medium through an engine cooling unit and an exhaust gas heat exchanger to use the exhaust gases of an engine and a pipe connecting an outlet of the circulation line with an output of the heat exchanger. The exhaust gas heat exchanger is transversely through the circulation line to an upstream side of the engine cooling unit disposed. The heat transfer medium introduced into the exhaust gas heat exchanger, is on a lower temp erature g erege lt, di e is sufficient to lower a temperature of the water vapor contained in the exhaust stream, is transmitted from the heat to the heat transfer medium to its dew point to lower.

In an internal combustion engine, a fuel consumption during a NEDC tests in the cold state (start temperature is approximately 24 ⁰C) about 10 to 15% higher than for the same test using an engine oil temperature at a start of approximately 90⁰C, the so-called NEDC hot test. This is among other things, that the lubricating oil has a higher viscosity at lower temperatures and that the fuel in the Zylinderwän- is condensed and added to the engine oil. In addition, measures are taken to heat the catalyst quickly, these are, for. Example, a retarding the ignition, an increase in the idle speed and an enrichment with secondary. In addition, the majority of the emitted exhaust emissions during the cold start phase of the engine occurs when the catalyst has not yet reached the required operating temperature. Simultaneously, a Much of the energy supplied to unused discharged as exhaust gas enthalpy. These are a total of about 30 to 40% of the energy of the supplied fuel.

It is known to improve the warming up of the engine by exhaust heat exchangers are used, the heat the engine oil in a complicated manner and reduce the oil pressure. On the other hand, it is a problem to protect the motor, especially the engine oil at this heating from overheating. Therefore, additional high-performance oil coolers are used. The known solutions are very expensive and can only lead to a relatively small reduction in fuel consumption, so that, for economic reasons, the practical implementation is often not realized.

task

The invention is based on the object, a Verbrennungskraftma- machine or go to improve a transmission, particularly automatic of the aforementioned type in simple terms the effect that the engine oil is performed in the cold start phase or in the warm-up phase more quickly to operating temperature, so that both a reduced

Fuel consumption and reduced emissions can be achieved, whereby an overheating of the engine oil is to be avoided.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that the oil return umführende oil bypass line is connected to the suction pipe of an oil pump and the pressure line of a lubrication system, the oil bypass line in the case of an internal combustion engine preferably by at least one cylinder head and / or a cylinder block and / or at least one turbocharger and in the case of a transmission preferably by at least one heat exchanger of the internal combustion engine and / or at least one heating element runs, and that falls below a certain limit temperature and exceedance of a certain minimum pressure of the lubricating oil in the Drucklei- tion of the lubrication system, a bypass valve is opened in the oil bypass conduit at least partially, so that a part stream of the lubricating oil does not flow through the oil sump in a warm-up phase of the lubrication system, until either the minimum pressure or temperature limit is reached.

By the lubricating oil is returned directly to the oil pump, the oil in the lubrication system is warming faster. Further decreases of to overcome pressure loss of the lubrication system, because the flowing back through the oil bypass pipe oil does not flow through the oil sump. Since preferably the oil of the bypass line is passed through the cylinder block and / or cylinder head, an increased oil flow, in an at least partial opening of the bypass valve which can be arranged in or on the cylinder head or cylinder block, can be achieved at low temperatures, so that the oil more heat can absorb.

This results in a reduced friction is achieved, since the lubricating oil is guided more rapidly to the operating temperature and the pressure losses are reduced in the warm-up phase.

The heating method according to the invention of the lubrication system can advantageously be used both in vehicles with automatic transmissions, as well as in vehicles with manual transmissions and both are used to lubricate the engine when the internal combustion engine as well as for the lubrication of the gear unit. In hybrid vehicles, which include both an internal combustion engine and an electric drive unit, the heating method for the rapid heating of a motor / generator unit can be used which achieve only at elevated temperatures an optimal efficiency, and also lubricate the motorized sliding components. Here, in these cases advantageously waste heat from the electrical energy storage unit (battery / battery) and / or the inverter heat oil in the bypass line, thereby heating the electric motor / generator unit or this and a downstream transmission can lubricate improved. In automatic transmissions can, as well as in the internal combustion engine are disposed an oil by-pass line, which includes a heat exchanger through which in the heating phase, additional heat is introduced into the overall transmission oil so as to reduce friction.

The invention may like be applied in all types of internal combustion engines driven equipment and vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, construction machinery, ships, boats, aircraft and mobile and stationary work tools and devices, power generation equipment such as emergency generators and. Especially for short-term use and at varying workloads, the invention enables an optimal lubrication to reduce friction between the moving parts, so that the longevity of the machine increases, reduces the noise level, achieved a higher efficiency, achieve a higher power output, given lower exhaust emissions and costs can be saved.

Conveniently within the meaning of the invention, when the length of oil pipe of the lubrication system of the output of the oil pump to the entry removed in the oil bypass line at least 80% of the maximum length of the oil passage of the lubrication system of the output of the oil pump to the greatest is to be lubricated device is. Characterized flowing through the oil bypass conduit lubricating oil is allowed to warm better. It is particularly advantageous that the oil mass flow through the oil bypass pipe is at least temporarily greater than the Schmierölmassen- ström through the suction pipe and the oil sump. In this case, the air flowing through the lubrication system of total mass flow is heated faster than without oil bypass line.

It is also expedient if the oil bypass line is arranged in the same housing, in which at least one of to be lubricated input devices are arranged so that the flowing back Schmierö l can heat addition. it is when a particularly advantageous or more of the oil return lines are connected directly to the suction pipe of an oil pump.

Also advantageous for the purposes of the invention is also when the Ölbypasslei- device consists of a heat insulating material having a heat sort code less than 1 W / (m * K) to reduce heat transfer to the environment during the flowing back, especially in areas where the oil bypass line is not guided by the on-lubricating device.

To further reduce the warming up of the oil to accelerate and the pressure loss of the lubrication system further, it is advantageous if at least one of the to be lubricated equipment downstream oil recoiling is connected to the oil bypass line being one of connected to the oil bypass pipe oil recoiling part of a turbocharger is.

Since different loads and speeds different oil pressures are required to ensure a sufficient lubrication and to avoid damage to the components to be lubricated, it is favorable in the sense of the invention, when the bypass valve is closed in the oil bypass conduit as soon as a predetermined rotational speed or a speed or a torque or a force to the lubricating components exceeds a predetermined limit.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the gas flowing through the oil bypass conduit lubricating oil is heated by a heat exchanger. In order to accelerate gene in addition the heating of the lubricating oil, it is advantageous if the heat exchanger for heating of the lubricating oil is flowed through by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine downstream of a catalyst. In this case, the exhaust gas flowing through the heat exchanger flows upstream by a valve. This valve is closed as soon as a predetermined limit temperature of the The exhaust gas is reached to avoid coking of the lubricating oil in the heat exchanger.

In order to reduce the combustion temperature and thus the nitrogen oxide emissions of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas flows flowing through the heat exchanger as exhaust gas recirculation at low sense of the invention downstream through a valve into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, the valve being at least partially closed when a predetermined limit temperature of the exhaust gas is reached or when a predetermined flow rate of the exhaust gas is achieved recirculation. In this case, the exhaust gas is cooled by the heat exchanger, resulting in a further reduction of the combustion temperature result, can be dispensed with so that the use of an additional cooler for exhaust gas recirculation.

It is expedient in the sense of the invention, when the parallel to the heat exchanger flowing exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine flows through a further valve and that this valve is closed temporarily at least partially in order to increase the exhaust gas flow and hence also the heat transfer in the heat exchanger.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a further heat exchanger and a further valve according to the oil pump downstream for cooling, wherein this valve is at least partially opened when a predetermined limit value is exceeded or fallen below for the lubricating oil temperature. The heat exchanger is to ft in one embodiment of a cooling medium such as ambient Iu or cooling liquid flows so as to cool the lubricating oil. In another embodiment of this heat exchanger is flowed through by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine in order to heat the lubricating oil and to reduce friction. It is advantageous here if a further valve is parallel to the heat exchanger and the valve arranged in the lubricating oil passage. This valve is at least partially closed when a predetermined limit value for the Schmieröltempe- is exceeded or fallen below temperature. It is expedient in this case also, when this heat exchanger is arranged in the circuit for cabin heating or in the circulation for heating or cooling an electric battery.

For regulating oil pressure and oil temperature, it is favorable in the sense of the invention, when a control unit of the opening cross section of the various valves controls, and if sensors for detecting the lubricating oil pressure, lubricating oil temperature, exhaust gas temperature, the rotational speed, the load and / or the coolant temperature with the regulating system unit are connected.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lubrication system, the exhaust pipe and the intake part of a combustion engine.

Conveniently according to the invention is also advantageous when at least a portion of the lubricating system is arranged in a gearbox, which is connected to the internal combustion engine and the internal combustion engine and the transmission are a component of a motor vehicle. It is particularly advantageous if the exhaust gas heat exchanger is a double-flow, so that the transmission oil and the engine oil can be heated in parallel simultaneously and that of the exhaust gas heat exchanger to the exhaust pipe is connected through a heat insulating material having a thermal conductivity less than 1 W / (m * K) aufweißt.

The sealing of the valves in the exhaust pipe has a very important significance since a high degree of tightness on the one hand improves the effectiveness of the heating and on the other hand avoids the closed position, that the oil unintentionally heats up, for example at high engine loads and speeds. This can then be dispensed with the use of an additional oil cooler. This erweisst be advantageous for the purposes of the invention, when the valves are formed in the exhaust pipe in one piece as a three-way valve and that these valves as double-acting poppet valve are carried out with the plate having two sealing surfaces. Thereof a sealing surface at the extreme end of the valve is arranged as a to outlet valve in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The second sealing surface is arranged on the opposite side of the valve disc, which leads away from the valve stem to the actuator. In the active state, the extreme end of the valve closes the exhaust gas bypass and in the passive state closes the inner sealing surface of the plate line to the heat exchanger.

embodiment

Further advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims and the following description of the figures.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the invention in an internal combustion engine;

Fig. 2 is a diagram of a second embodiment of the invention in an internal combustion engine;

3 is a circuit diagram of a further embodiment of the invention in a cold state.

Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of Figure 3 in a warm state.

Figure 5 is a diagram of an embodiment of the invention in an automatic transmission.

In the different figures, identical parts are always provided with the same reference numerals, so that they are usually described only once. FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 30 in a schematic diagram. The internal combustion engine 30 has an exhaust line 14 where a catalyst 10 is arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the internal combustion engine 30 is shown as a gate Vierzylindermo- whose four Zylinderkrümmer open into a common exhaust 14th

In the exhaust gas flow direction of the exhaust seen a heat exchanger 8 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 14 downstream of the catalyst 10 and upstream of the catalyst, a turbocharger 24 is disposed. The Verbrennungskraftma- machine 30 has a lubricating oil system 16. The lubricating oil system comprises an oil sump 1, an oil receiving line 2, an oil pump 3 to lubricating devices 31 of a cylinder head 12 and a cylinder block 15 and a turbocharger 24, an oil pan 5, and a Ölüber- on pressure relief valve. 4

The lubricating oil system 16 is also associated with a bypass valve 17. The bypass valve 17 controls the flow of engine oil through the lubricating oil bypass 23, so that the temperature and the pressure of the engine oil can be set to optimal values. Further, the lubricating oil system 16 several oil drain ducts 19.

The heat exchanger 8 is at least upstream of the exhaust stream, an exhaust valve or EGR valve 20, 21, 41, advantageously connected upstream of an EGR control valve which regulates the exhaust gas stream through the heat exchanger 8, and thus also indirectly regulates the oil temperature. The heat exchanger 8 is integrated into the lubricating oil system 16, so that the oil is heated in a warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine 30 by means of exhaust gas heat. Alternatively, to a heat exchanger 8 may comprise one or more electrical heating elements, in particular heating elements are used, which also serve the purpose of heating the oil within the bypass line. Particularly when used in an automatic transmission, it is advisable to use a gas / oil heat exchanger for heating the oil in the bypass line. In the illustrated embodiment, an additional exhaust valve 13 is in the exhaust pipe 14 parallel to the heat exchanger 8 is arranged which regulates the exhaust gas stream through the heat exchanger 8 umführenden exhaust bypass 38th

In the lubricating oil system 16, a valve 29 and a heat exchanger 26 having an inlet duct 27 and an outlet 28 is arranged for controlling the oil temperature and the oil pressure downstream of the oil pump third In the heat exchanger 26 umführenden further oil bypass a valve 25 for regulating the oil pressure and the oil temperature is further arranged. The heat exchanger 26 can be used as oil cooler for heating a cabin interior of a vehicle.

For regulating oil pressure and oil temperature, a control unit 18 is connected to the valves 13, 17, 20, 21, 25, 29 and 41, as well as at least with sensors for detecting the oil pressure 32, the lubricating oil temperature 33, exhaust gas temperature 34, the rotational speed 35, the load 36 and the coolant temperature 37 is connected.

In the intake system 6 of the internal combustion engine 30, a throttle valve 7 is arranged, which is connected to a turbocharger 24 of the downstream opening into an intake manifold. 9 In order to reduce the combustion temperature is the intake manifold via an exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 which may be configured as an EGR control valve connected to the exhaust line 14 for exhaust gas recirculation, wherein the compound is disposed downstream from the heat exchanger eighth In this case may be an EGR heat exchanger, the heat exchanger eighth In this way, harmful nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced

The advantageous in Fig. 1 embodiment, the engine oil is heated 30 faster in a warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine. Parallel to the heat exchanger 8 of the controlled valve 13 via the second exhaust gas bypass exhaust gas 38 is guided so that overheating of the engine oil is avoided in the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 8 is preferably sufficiently sized to the counterflow principle, so that the engine oil is heated as quickly as possible, whereby the exhaust gas is as much as possible cooled down.

Fig. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention. In contrast to FIG. 1, the exhaust gas exiting the heat exchanger 8 is connected only with the intake manifold 9, so that the exhaust valve 13 and the EGR valve 20 are not required.

In this advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger comes to a dual function. First, the heat exchanger 8 heated by the exhaust gas temperature, the engine oil during the warm-up phase in order to avoid high combustion temperatures. Secondly, the heat exchanger 8 functions as a cooler of the exhaust gas recirculation 22 by the recirculated exhaust gas into the intake manifold 9 is cooled by the lubricating oil. This can be dispensed with an additional cooler for exhaust gas recirculation and additional valves for regulating the exhaust gas volume flow.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an oil lubricating device in a cold state, such as shortly after the starting of a motor vehicle. The main oil flow through the bypass valve 17 is shown in bold. The oil flows from the cylinder head 12 in the turbocharger 24. From the turbocharger 24 performs a bypass line to the opened bypass valve 17 by continuing to flow the oil and is combined with the oil return line 19 from the turbocharger. From there, the oil continues to flow through the heat exchanger 8 where it is heated by the hot exhaust. Thereafter, the oil is returned through the oil pan where the return conduit 23 is connected to the oil suction pipe 2, so that the heated oil may be directly further sucked up by the oil pump third The flow of exhaust gas through the heat exchanger 8 is also shown in bold. The hot exhaust gas flowing out of the catalyst 10 in the exhaust pipe 14 and from there through the opened exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 in the heat exchanger 8 where it warms the cold oil whereby the exhaust gas cooled in the process. From there, the cold exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas recirculation line 22 back into the intake manifold. 9

Once a certain limit value is exceeded for the oil pressure, the oil bypass valve 17 is completely or at least partially closed so that the oil pressure in the internal combustion engine 30 can rise again.

The oil bypass valve 17 is completely or at least partially closed when exceeding a maximum oil temperature, thereby also the EGR valve 21 is then closed, or alternatively, the one shown in Fig. 4 EGR bypass flap 39 opened.

Fig. 4 shows the system in a simplified version in the hot state. The bypass valve 17 is completely or at least partially closed so that only a very small volume of oil flows through the heat exchanger. 8 The vast majority of oil - shown here in bold - then flows through the bearing points 31, for example, crankshaft main bearings, rod bearings, camshaft bearings, piston spray jets, camshaft adjusters, camshaft tappet, etc. either by return lines 19 or directly back to the oil pan 1. The EGR valve 21 may either be closed his or opened. If the exhaust gas recirculation valve is opened approximately 21, it is advantageous when the exhaust gas via a further EGR bypass valve 39 in the EGR passage 22 and the intake manifold 9 is guided back.

Fig. 5 shows the system in combination with an automatic transmission 40. The exhaust gas flows from an internal combustion engine (not shown) through a catalytic converter 10 in a 3-way valve 41. In the cold

State the exhaust gas flows through a heat exchanger 8, and heating the transmission oil, which is enabled by a bypass valve 17th When heated, the exhaust gas does not flow through the heat exchanger 8 but through the bypass 38 and the bypass valve 17 is completely or at least partially closed. With increasing oil pressure of the volume flow of the oil pump 3 decreases more or less linear, this occurs in particular at low oil temperatures. With decreasing flow but decreases the heat transfer coefficient between oil and cylinder head 12 and cylinder block 15, so that the oil can absorb a lot of heat from the cylinder head 12 and cylinder block 15th At very high pressure, an overpressure valve opens 4. This reduces the oil volume flow flowing through the cylinder head 12 and block 15, so that the mechanical pumping capacity of the oil pump 3 is reduced. This reduces the heat transfer coefficient between oil and metal of the cylinder block 15 or -kopfs 12th

An increase in the heat transfer coefficients at low temperatures can be achieved by an embodiment of the invention in that the volume flow through the cylinder block 15 and in particular through the cylinder head 12 is increased at low temperatures. This is achieved, for example, as a function of temperature, pressure, engine speed and / or load by at least partial opening (bypass) valve 17th In support of this is further conceivable, 3 or electrically to increase the volume flow rate of the oil pump by a gearbox mechanically or increase by shifting conveyor wheels.

Further supportive conceivable, the oil gallery in the cylinder head 12 in series rather than in parallel, that is permitted to flow from the oil in a counter current principle. For this purpose, it may be advantageous to let the oil flow initially flow through a main gallery of the cylinder head 12, then to flow back in the opposite direction at the outlet-side end by a valve through another main gallery of the cylinder head 12 so that the flow path of the oil increases by the cylinder head 12 becomes. The valve can also be arranged on the other side of the bypass pipe 23 in the oil pan. The oil in the oil passages of an internal combustion engine 30 is only a fraction, typically only 10% of Gesamtölvolu- mens. In warming up, the entire volume of oil is uniformly heated in known processes. The core idea of ​​the invention is a specific rapid heating of the contained in the oil passages lubricating oil, this being achieved by connecting the oil passage of the or of the cylinder heads 12 by means of a bypass line 23 to the suction side of the oil pump, wherein at the end of the bypass line 23, a negative pressure is applied to the does not flow back into the oil sump 1 but back into the oil channel oil. Thus, in the warm-up phase of the engine, only a small, fast to be heated portion of the total oil used for lubrication.

The generation of a negative pressure at the end of the bypass line 23 can be achieved by direct connection of the bypass line 23 to the suction side of the oil pump 3 as well as with a direct connection to the oil suction pipe 2nd For this purpose, the bypass line 23 can be at least partly integrated in a plastic oil pan having an integrated oil suction line 2, which leads to improved insulation and to a lesser heat loss. Furthermore, the mouth of the bypass pipe 23 in the oil sump 1 may be positioned in close proximity to the opening of the Ölsaugrohres 2, so that the opening of the bypass line end points in the direction of the opening of Ölansaugrohres 2 and forms an angle of 0 to 45 ° with this, whereby also a simple assembly possibility and the option of a later retrofit results.

It is conceivable to improve the heat transfer of the oil in the cylinder head, the use of ribs bodies into the oil galleries, for example, by a rough surface design of the oil passages in the cylinder block 15 or -köpf 12 - in particular by incorporating a thread - thereby reducing the durchfließbaren amount of oil is obtained.

In addition, additional active heat sources can be introduced into the bypass line 23, for example, electrical heating elements or heating elements, preferably one or more PTC heaters, EGR oil cooler (exhaust gas recirculation cooler), full flow oil cooler or similar are arranged to heat the oil in the oil passages in the warm-up quickly.

Furthermore, in addition conceivable the exhaust pipe to lead 14 via a further valve at least in the warm-up directly through or adjacent to the oil sump 1 or in the bypass line 23, with an increase in heat transfer is made possible by a multiple, and no need for a heat exchanger 8, where appropriate, can be.

Furthermore, a motor control in the warm-up control at least a small part of the exhaust stream first through the heat exchanger 8 specifically to warm the oil in the bypass line 23, and after some time the oil flow th through the bypass line 23, switch off to coking in the exhaust gas heat exchanger 8 to avoid. Performance indicators for the scheme can be considered higher priority, the required oil pressure as a function of engine speed and load, as well as its lower priority the desired oil temperature.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to make the height difference in potential between the cylinder head 12 and suction line 2 to improve the behavior Ölfließver- exploit in Byplassleitung 23, or this height potential constructively as large as possible.

In addition, the use of a thermal insulation of the bypass line 23 and / or the EGR bypass is (exhaust gas recirculation) exhaust-gas side upstream ward before the valve 17 by using a ceramic tube advantageously possible to limit the temperature of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 8 and the exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 with a closed exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 , Preferably an oil pan with line can be integrated before the oil suction line 2 in a non-illustrated oil sump of the oil sump 1 to, absorb the oil leaking from the bearings in the head and crankshaft, and is thereby also heated and fed directly to the oil pump without the oil sump heat. The valve 17 may in this case also in the oil pan after merging the bypass line 23 and the line of the oil pan can be integrated with a non-return valve in the line of the oil pan must be present so that the oil is not from the bypass line 23 back into the can drip pan flow.

Advantageously, a combination of oil pan with spray nozzles to be arranged in the connecting rods to cool the pistons to increase the flow rate of the oil flow, the spray nozzles are not switched off during a cold start.

The exhaust gas stream for heating the oil in the bypass line 23 can be in principle any diverted from the normal exhaust gas flow. Particularly advantageously, the exhaust gas (exhaust gas recirculation valve) can be branched off at a great distance from the turbocharger upstream of a turbocharger using a conventional EGR valve, the high mass flow of the exhaust gas at a low overall size and can be achieved independently of the EGR calibration. Thus, a heating of the oil can be achieved without affecting the combustion temperature and hence also the exhaust gas formation. As part of the use of exhaust gas recirculation, it may be advantageous if the EGR cooler assembly having a vertical gas conduit with an angle up to 40 degrees to the vertical, so that condensation water can be drained into an exhaust.

Tells the internal combustion engine 30 no turbochargers or exhaust gas recirculation, so an additional flap in Hauptabgas- ström generate a pressure difference and thus derive an increased flow rate through the heat exchanger. 8 The invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated. It is conceivable that the heat exchanger 26 is connected to the exhaust pipe 14 in order to bring about more rapid heating of the lubricating oil. Also, the arrangement of the valves may vary, the valves may be arranged instead of upstream and downstream of the various heat exchanger and vice versa. The invention can be used to lubricate engine parts, gear parts or other moving components of a vehicle.