Interference pigments

The present invention relates to interference pigments with an intense color shift based on platelet-shaped, transparent low-index substrates and their use, especially in paints, coatings, printing inks, plastics, as dopant for the laser marking of plastics and papers, as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries and in cosmetic formulations.

Luster or effect pigments are used in many areas of technology, particularly in the field of automotive coatings, decorative coatings, plastics, paints, printing inks and in cosmetic formulations.

Luster pigments, which exhibit an angle-dependent color change between a plurality of interference colors are due to their color play of particular interest for automotive finishes and in Forgeryproofness.

Particular importance pearlescent pigments are based on minerals, such as those from the <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="US2003047115A1"><text>US 2003/047115 A1</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="EP1469041A"><text>EP-A-1469041</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="WO9853011A"><text>WO 98/53011 A</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="EP0753545A"><text>EP-A-0753545</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="WO03006558A"><text>WO 03/006558</text></patcit> are known. Pearlescent pigments are prepared by coating an inorganic, platelet-shaped carrier with a high refractive index, usually oxidic, layer. The color of these pigments is caused by wavelength-selective partial reflection and interference of the light reflected or transmitted at the medium / oxide or oxide / substrate interfaces.

The interference color of these pigments is determined by the thickness of the oxide layer, for example, produced the shade of a green pigment with a single in the optical sense of high refractive index layer whose optical thickness causes a reflection maximum in the visible wavelength range at about 500 nm. This wavelength takes the human eye as the color green. However, in the case of a first-order maximum of the intensity curve is so wide that the entire range of visible light so much light is reflected that the human eye perceives a very bright, but colorless impression.

According to the - in particular from the coating of optical components - known rules of optical thin films, the intensity of reflected light in the arrangement of a plurality of layers with alternating high and low refractive indices compared with a single layer rises strongly. Thus, by applying a TiO₂-SiO₂-TiO₂-Schichtsystems On mica particles, the intensity of reflected light compared to a TiO₂-Einfachschichtsystem Raised by about 60%. Accordingly, the profile of the light reflected by interference is much more pronounced, so that an intense and brilliant reflection color has to be expected for a multilayered system of. Pigments of this type are described in<patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="DE19618569A1"><text>DE 196 18 569 A1</text></patcit> described.

green interference pigments are known from the prior art disclosed, for example on the basis of mica flakes. Mica flakes generally have a very broad distribution of layer thickness and therefore are neutral with respect to the interference color. To provide pearlescent pigments which comprise a single high-index coating of mica, optical monolayer systems represent, ie, the interference color is determined exclusively by the thickness of the highly refractive metal. The coloristic design freedom of a mica / metal oxide green pigment is therefore very limited. In addition, mica Due to their layered structure unevenness on the surface, which cause scattering and thus reduce the transparency and coloristic quality of the product. Moreover, mica is a more or less pronounced gray-brown body color. This property sets the transparency down further and influences the absorption color of the application media in an undesired manner.

Object of the present invention is therefore a Interferenpigment, especially a green interference pigment to provide, which is characterized in particular by high transparency, pure white body color and a strong color flop, which, via an exclusive color effect, eg Green effect, Blue effect, etc. go out.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that a real, with a thin TiO₂-Schich Coated transparent low-index platelet, such. As a SiO₂Platelets, a vigorous, as a green color impression evokes and simultaneously has an unusual and intense color flop: The color shift extends not necessarily as interference colors usually of long wavelength to short wavelength colors, but can also be in the opposite direction, for example from the shorter wavelength green for the longer wavelength Red run. This is achieved by a coating of thin plates, such as SiO₂Flakes, with a TiO₂Layer whose thickness is adjusted precisely to the thickness of the platelets.

Compared to single-coated pigments, for example, green pigments, mica-based pigments of the invention show the following characteristics:<ul><li>excellent transparency in the application medium</li><li>pure white body color</li><li>strong, eg green, interference color</li><li>very bright luster</li><li>strong color shift</li><li>with suitable tuning of the layer thicknesses of the substrate and coating the realization of a color shift of long wavelength in the steep is possible to short-wavelength color in the shallow observation angle, particularly in green interference pigments from green to red.</li></ul>

In addition to these properties, the pigments according to the invention are distinguished over the known interference pigments by the following features:<ul><li>stronger glitter effect</li><li>tunable yellow-blue tint of green color</li></ul>

Said color tone can be obtained by tuning the TiO₂Layer thickness and by choice of the transparent plate, such as SiO₂ Platelets, various thicknesses can be varied within wide ranges, without giving the impression of an interference pigment is lost.

The invention of claim 1 is therefore highly chromatic, especially green, interference pigments based on platelet-shaped transparent low refractive substrates a high-index coating consisting of TiO₂ with a layer thickness of 70 - 160 nm, and optionally having an outer protective layer.

The invention further provides the use of the interference pigments according to the invention in paints, coatings, printing inks, plastics, button pastes, ceramic materials, glasses, seed coating, as an additive for laser welding of plastic materials, as dopants in the laser marking or the laser welding of plastics and papers, as additive for coloring in the food and pharmaceutical industries and in particular in cosmetic formulations. Furthermore, the pigments of the invention also for the preparation of pigment preparations and for producing dry preparations, such as, for example, granules, chips, pellets, briquettes, etc., are suitable. The dry preparations are particularly suitable for printing inks and for cosmetic formulations.

Suitable base substrates for the interference pigments according to the invention are substrates having a refractive index &lt;1.9, z. B. platy SiO₂Platelets, such as those in the <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="WO9308237A"><text>WO 93/08237</text></patcit> to be discribed. Furthermore, in addition to said SiO₂Flakes suitable any known to those skilled platelet-shaped, transparent substrate, such. As Al₂O₃Flakes, glass flakes, natural or synthetic mica, and platy plastic particles. Especially preferred substrates are SiO₂Platelets. The special properties, such as the tunable color tone and in particular their angular dependence are caused largely by a defined average thickness with a narrow thickness distribution.

The standard deviation of the thickness of the substrate wafer is ≤ 6% relative to the mean thickness of lying.

Mean thickness = sum of all thickness values ​​/ number of measurements Standard deviation refers to the percentage deviation of 66% of the individual measured from the calculated value of the average thickness.

The size of the base substrate is not critical per se and can be matched to the particular application. In general, the platelet-shaped transparent substrates have an average thickness between 0.2 and 0.8 microns. The extension in the two other dimensions is between 5 and 100 microns, and most preferably at 5-60 microns.

In order to achieve an intensive color effect, such as a green or blue effect, with superimposed, angle-dependent color tone, it is important that the average thickness of the individual plate is within a standard deviation of ≤ 6%.

(Aspect ratio: diameter / thickness ratio), the form factor is preferably - 1000, in particular 3 - the substrate 1 500 and most preferably 5 - 200th

The thickness of the TiO₂Layer and the substrate is essential for the optical properties of the pigment. The thickness of the layer must be accurately adjusted and adapted to the average thickness of the substrate wafer. The thickness of the TiO₂Layer is 70-160 nm.

The pigments of the invention can easily be prepared by producing a high-index TiO₂Interference layer with precisely defined thickness and smooth surface on the finely divided, platelet-shaped substrates. The TiO₂ is in the rutile modification. Particularly preferred are SiO₂Platelets, which are coated with a rutile.

As low refractive substrates are all inorganic and organic transparent materials are suitable, which can be produced with a narrow thickness distribution in the form of finely divided flakes and have a refractive index ≤ 1.8. Suitable organic substrates are, inter alia, polymers such as polyester (eg, PET), polycarbonates, polyimides, polymethacrylates, in question. Particularly preferred inorganic substrates are interference pigments, especially those based on SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Flaky crystals and glass slides with a thin SiO₂can be occupied layer.

The metal oxide layer is preferably applied by wet-chemical, wherein the developed for the preparation of pearl luster pigments wet-chemical coating methods may be employed. Such methods are z. B. described in<patcit id="pcit0008" dnum="DE1467468"><text>DE 14 67 468</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0009" dnum="DE1959988"><text>DE 19 59 988</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0010" dnum="DE2009566"><text>DE 20 09 566</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0011" dnum="DE2214545"><text>DE 22 14 545</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0012" dnum="DE2215191"><text>DE 22 15 191</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0013" dnum="DE2244298"><text>DE 22 44 298</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0014" dnum="DE2313331"><text>DE 23 13 331</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0015" dnum="DE2522572"><text>DE 25 22 572</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0016" dnum="DE3137808"><text>DE 31 37 808</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0017" dnum="DE3137809"><text>DE 31 37 809</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0018" dnum="DE3151343"><text>DE 31 51 343</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0019" dnum="DE3151354"><text>DE 31 51 354</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0020" dnum="DE3151355"><text>DE 31 51 355</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0021" dnum="DE3211602"><text>DE 32 11 602</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0022" dnum="DE3235017"><text>DE 32 35 017</text></patcit> or known in other to those skilled in patent documents and other publications.

In the wet coating, the substrate particles are suspended in water and mixed with one or more hydrolysable titanium salts in a suitable for hydrolysis pH, which is selected such that the metal oxides or metal oxide hydrates are precipitated directly onto the platelets without causing major secondary precipitation occurs. The pH is usually kept constant by simultaneous addition of a base and / or acid. The pigments are subsequently separated off, washed and dried at 50-150 ° C and optionally annealed 0.1-3 h, the annealing temperature can be optimized with respect to the particular coating present. As a rule, the calcination temperatures between 250 and 1000 ° C, preferably between 350 and 950 ° C.

Furthermore, the coating can also take place in a fluidized bed reactor by gas-phase coating, z. B. in <patcit id="pcit0023" dnum="EP0045851A1"><text>EP 0 045 851 A1</text></patcit> and <patcit id="pcit0024" dnum="EP0106235A1"><text>EP 0 106 235 A1</text></patcit> can be used correspondingly for the preparation of pearlescent pigments proposed method.

The hue of the pigments can be varied by selecting different covering amounts or the layer thicknesses resulting therefrom while maintaining the interference effect, for example, green interference effect, within very wide limits. The angle-dependent color shift of eg green in steep viewing angles to red at flat observation angles will remain largely unaltered. The color variance relates in particular to yellow or blue. The fine tuning for a certain hue can be achieved beyond the pure choice of amount by visual or measurement technology control approaching the desired color.

To increase the light, water and weather stability it is frequently advisable, depending on the field of application, to subject the finished pigment to post or post-treatment. Suitable post or post-treatments, for example, in the<patcit id="pcit0025" dnum="DE2215191C"><text>DE-PS 22 15 191</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0026" dnum="DEOS3151354A"><text>DE-OS 31 51 354</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0027" dnum="DEOS3235017A"><text>DE-OS 32 35 017</text></patcit> or <patcit id="pcit0028" dnum="DEOS3334598A"><text>DE-OS 33 34 598</text></patcit> described method in question. This post-chemical stability is further increased or the handling of the pigment, especially its incorporation into various media facilitated. To improve the wettability, dispersibility and / or compatibility with the application media, functional coatings of Al₂O₃ or ZrO₂ or mixtures or mixed phases thereof can be applied to the pigment surface. Further combined organic / inorganic post-coatings are organic, or possible, for example with silanes, such as described in the<patcit id="pcit0029" dnum="EP0090259A"><text>EP 0090259</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0030" dnum="EP0634459A"><text>EP 0634459</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0031" dnum="WO9957204A"><text>WO 99/57204</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0032" dnum="WO9632446A"><text>WO 96/32446</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0033" dnum="WO9957204A"><text>WO 99/57204</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0034" dnum="US5759255A"><text>US No. 5,759,255</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0035" dnum="US5571851A"><text>US 5,571,851</text></patcit>. <patcit id="pcit0036" dnum="WO0192425A"><text>WO 01/92425</text></patcit> or in <nplcit id="ncit0001" npl-type="s"><text>JJ Ponjee, Philips Technical Review, Vol. 44, No. 3, 81 ff</text></nplcit>, and<nplcit id="ncit0002" npl-type="s"><text>PH Harding JC Berg, J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. Vol. 11 No. 4, pp 471-493</text></nplcit>,

The interference pigments of the invention are simple and easy to handle. The pigments can be incorporated by simple stirring into the application system. Complex grinding and dispersion of pigments is not necessary.

Since the interference pigments according to the invention combine high gloss with high transparency and pure white body color, can be with them particularly effective effects in the various application media achieve without the absorption color being significantly affected.

It goes without saying that for various applications, the interference pigments can also advantageously, in a blend with organic dyes, organic pigments or other pigments, such as. For example, transparent and opaque white, colored and black pigments, and with flake-form iron oxides, organic pigments holographic pigments, LCPs (liquid crystal polymers) and conventional transparent, colored and black luster pigments based on metal oxide-coated mica and SiO₂Flakes, etc., can be used. The interference pigments can be mixed in any ratio with commercially available pigments and fillers.

In the various applications the pigment of the invention may also with other colorants of any type, for. Example, organic and / or inorganic absorption pigments and dyes, multi-layer interference pigments such as Timiron ®, Sicopearl® (BASF AG), ChromaFlair® (Flex Products Inc. ), BiOCl pigments, pearl, metallic pigments such. B. from the Fa. Eckart, be combined. Here the mixing ratios and concentration are no limits.

The pigments of the invention are compatible with a multiplicity of color systems, preferably from the area of ​​paints, coatings and printing inks. For the production of printing inks for, for. Example, gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, offset overprint varnishing, a multiplicity of binders, in particular water-soluble grades, is suitable as such. B., by BASF, Marabu, Pröll, Sericol, Hartmann Gebr. Schmidt, SICPA, Aarberg, Siegberg, GSB-Wahl, Follmann, Ruco or Coates Screen INKS GmbH are sold. The printing inks can be water-based or solvent-based. The pigments are also used for laser marking of paper and plastics, and for applications in the agricultural sector, for. Example for greenhouse sheeting, and,. As for the coloring of tarpaulins, suitable.

The interference pigment of the invention can be used for pigmenting paints, printing inks, plastics, agricultural films, seed coating, food colorings, button pastes, medicament coatings or cosmetic formulations, such as lipsticks, nail varnishes, compact powders, shampoos, soaps, loose powders and gels. The concentration of the pigment in the mixture to be pigmented application system is generally between 0.1 and 70 wt.%, Preferably between 0.1 and 50 wt.% And in particular between 0.5 and 10 wt.%, Based on the total solids content of the system , It depends on the specific application, usually. In plastics according to the invention containing green interference pigment, preferably in amounts of 0.01 to 50%. Wt.%, In particular 0.1 to 7 weight, particularly distinct sparkle effects can be achieved.

In the coatings sector, particularly in the automotive paints, the interference pigment, for 3-layer structures in amounts of 0.1-20 wt.%, Preferably 1 to 10 wt.%, Is used.

In resist interference pigment of the invention has the advantage that the desired gloss is achieved by a single-coat finish (or base coat in a 2-layer structure). Compared with sprays that contain, for example, a multilayered pigment based on mica or a conventional, based on a substrate having a broad thickness distribution pearlescent pigment, instead of the pigment of the invention, finishes comprising the pigment of the invention exhibit a clearer depth effect and a more pronounced sheen.

The interference pigment of the invention may also advantageously be employed in decorative and care cosmetics. The concentration ranges from 0.01 wt.% In shampoo to 100 wt.% With loose powders. When a mixture of the interference pigments with spherical fillers, z. B. SiO₂, The concentration at 0.01-70 can wt.% Are in the formulation. The cosmetic products, such as nail varnishes, compact powders, shampoos, loose powders and gels, are distinguished by particularly interesting color effects and an intense color shift. The Farbflöp effect in nail varnish can be increased compared with conventional nail varnishes clearly using the pigments of the invention.

The pigment of the invention can in bath products, toothpastes and for the finishing of foods, eg. Example mass coloring and / or coatings of boiled sweets, wine gums, such as jelly beans, chocolates, licorice, candy, candy canes, puddings, fizzy drinks, soft drinks, etc ., or as a coating, for example, are used in pills and tablets in the pharmaceutical industry.

The novel pigment can also be mixed with commercially available fillers. Fillers following are examples of natural and synthetic mica, nylon powder, pure or filled melamine resins, talc, glasses, kaolin, oxides or hydroxides of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, zinc, BiOCl, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, carbon, and physical or chemical combinations of these substances. With respect to the particle shape of the filler there are no restrictions. You can be the requirements of z. B. platelet, spherical or needle-shaped.

Of course, interference pigments of the invention can be combined in the formulations with any type of cosmetic raw materials and auxiliaries. These include oils, greases, waxes, film formers, preservatives and generally determine applicational properties adjuvants such. For example, thickeners and rheological additives, such as bentonite, hectorites, silicon dioxides, Ca silicates, gelatins, high-molecular-weight carbohydrates and / or surface-active assistants etc.

The interference pigments according to the invention containing formulations can belong to the lipophilic, hydrophilic or hydrophobic type. In heterogeneous formulations having discrete aqueous and non-aqueous phases, the pigments of the invention can in each case only one of the two phases or alternatively distributed over both phases.

The pH values ​​of the formulations can be between 1 and 14, preferably between 2 and 11 and particularly preferably 5 to 8

The concentrations of the pigments of the invention in the formulation are no limits. You can - depending on the application - between 0.001 (rinse-off products, for example shower gels) and 100% (for example luster-effect articles for particular applications). The pigments of the invention can further be combined with cosmetic active ingredients. Suitable active ingredients are, for example, insect repellents, UV A / BC protective filters (for example OMC, B3, MBC), anti-aging active ingredients, vitamins and derivatives thereof (for example vitamin A, C, E, etc.), self (example DHA, erythrulose , etc.) and further cosmetic active ingredients such as bisabolol, LPO, ectoine, emblica, allantoin, bioflavonoids and derivatives thereof.

In the pigmentation of binder systems, for. Example for paints and printing inks for gravure, offset or screen printing, or as a precursor for printing inks, has the use of the interference pigments according to the invention in the form of highly pigmented pastes, granules, pellets, etc., to be particularly suitable proved. The pigment is generally incorporated into the printing ink in amounts of 2-35.%, Preferably 5-25 wt.% And in particular 8-20 wt.% Incorporated. Offset printing inks, the pigments of up to 40 wt.% And contain more. The precursors for printing inks, for example in the form of granules, pellets, briquettes, etc., in addition to the binder and additives up to 98 wt.% Of the pigment of the invention. Printing inks comprising the pigment of the invention exhibit purer hues, especially green hues than with conventional effect pigments. The particle thicknesses of the interference pigments according to the invention are relatively small and therefore cause particularly good printability.

The interference pigments of the invention are furthermore suitable for the preparation of flowable pigment compositions and dry preparations, especially for printing inks, comprising one or more pigments, binders and optionally one or more additives according to the invention.

The invention thus also relates to formulations comprising the interference pigment according to the invention.

The invention relates in particular formulations, in addition to the interference pigment according to the invention at least one component selected from absorbents, astringents, antimicrobial substances, antioxidants, antiperspirants, antifoams, antidandruff active compounds, antistatics, binders, biological additives, bleaching agents, chelating agents, deodorants, emollients, emulsifiers, emulsion stabilizers , dyes, humectants, film formers, fragrances, flavors, insect repellents, preservatives, corrosion inhibitors, cosmetic oils, solvents, oxidants, vegetable constituents, buffer substances, reducing agents, surfactants, propellant gases, opacifiers, UV filters and UV absorbers, denaturing agents, viscosity regulators, perfume and vitamins.

The following examples illustrate the invention without, however, limiting.

<u>Examples</u>

Example 1:

Interference pigment with color travel from intense green to red

100 g SiO₂Flakes (particle size 5-50 microns, average thickness 450 nm, standard deviation of the thickness: about 5%) are suspended in 2 l of deionized water and heated with vigorous stirring to 80 ° C. To this mixture is at pH 1.6 a solution of 12 g of SnCl₄ x 5 H₂O and 40 ml of hydrochloric acid (37%) are added in 360 ml of deionized water. Subsequently, at a pH of 1.6, a quantity of 460 ml of TiCl₄Solution (400 g TiCl₄/ L) are metered. The pH is in the addition of SnCl₄ x 5 H₂O solution and TiCl₄Solutions using NaOH solution (32%) constant. Subsequently, the pH value with sodium hydroxide solution (32%) is adjusted to 5.0 and stirred for 15 minutes. For working up, the pigment is filtered, washed with 20 l of deionised water, dried at 110 ° C and 30 min. annealed at 850 ° C. This gives an interference pigment having an intense brilliant green color, high gloss and high transparency. During the transition to flat observation angles, the pigment shows a red interference color.

<u>application examples</u>

Example A: shower gel

<tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><title><u>phase A</u></title><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="14mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>raw material</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>source</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>INCI</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>[%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Pigment from Example 1</entry><entry>Merck KGaA</entry><entry align="right">0.10</entry></row><row><entry>Keltrol T</entry><entry>Kelco</entry><entry>xanthan Gum</entry><entry align="right">0.75</entry></row><row><entry>Water, demineralized</entry><entry>Aqua (Water)</entry><entry align="right">64,95</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><title><u>phase B</u></title><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="31mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="33mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="89mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="14mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>raw material</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>source</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>INCI</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>[%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Plantacare® 2000 UP</entry><entry>Coqnis GmbH</entry><entry>decyl Glucoside</entry><entry align="right">20,00</entry></row><row><entry>Texapon.RTM ASV 50</entry><entry>Cognis GmbH</entry><entry>Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Laureth-8 Sulfate, Magnesium Laureth Sulfate, Magnesium Laureth-8 Sulfate, Sodium Sulfate Oleth, Magnesium Sulfate Oleth</entry><entry align="right">3.60</entry></row><row><entry>Bronidox L</entry><entry>Cognis GmbH</entry><entry>Propylene Glycol, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxanes</entry><entry align="right">0.20</entry></row><row><entry>Perfume oil Everest 79658 SB (deleted)</entry><entry>Haarmann &amp; Reimer GmbH</entry><entry>Perfume</entry><entry align="right">0.05</entry></row><row><entry>1% FD &amp; C Blue No. 1 in water</entry><entry>BASF AG</entry><entry>Aqua (Water), Cl 42090 (FD &amp; C Blue No. 1)</entry><entry align="right">0.20</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><title><u>phase C</u></title><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="42mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="33mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="23mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="14mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>raw material</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>source</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>INCI</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>[%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>citric acid monohydrate</entry><entry>Merck KGaA / Rona®</entry><entry>Citric Acid</entry><entry align="right">0.15</entry></row><row><entry>Water, demineralized</entry><entry>Aqua (Water)</entry><entry align="right">10,00</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

preparation:

the interference pigment Stir in the water of phase A. Keltril T until it dissolved sprinkle slowly with stirring and stirring. Phases B and C add successively while stirring slowly until everything is homogeneously distributed. Adjust the pH to 6.0 to 6.4.

Example B: - nail polish

<tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="33mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="26mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="94mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="14mm" /><thead><row><entry valign="top"><b>raw material</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>source</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>INCI</b></entry><entry valign="top"><b>[%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Pigment from Example 1</entry><entry>Merck KGaA</entry><entry align="right">2.00</entry></row><row><entry>Thixotropic nail varnish Base 1348</entry><entry>International Lacquers SA</entry><entry>Toluene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, nitrocellulose, Tosylamide / Formaldehyde Resin, dibutyl phthalate, isopropyl alcohol, stearalkonium hectorites, Camphor, Acrylates Copolymer, Benzophenone-1</entry><entry align="right">98,00</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

preparation:

The interference pigment is weighed out together with the varnish base, mixed well with a spatula and then stirred for 10 min at 1000 rpm.

Example C: - Paint System

<tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="none"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="21mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="97mm" /><tbody><row><entry>90 wt.%</entry><entry>Hydroglasur BG / S colorless (water-based paint from the company. Ernst Diegel GmbH)</entry></row><row><entry>10 wt.%</entry><entry>green interference pigment from Example 1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Painting by spraying at 80 ° C<ul><li>5 min to initial drying at 80 ° C</li><li>20 min baked at 180 ° C</li></ul>

Example D: - Plastic

1 kg of polystyrene granules are uniformly wetted in a tumble mixer with 5 g adhesive. These then 42 g of green interference pigment is added of Example 1 and mixed for 2 min. These granules are processed on an injection molding machine under conventional conditions to give small stepped plates measuring 4 x 3 x 0.5 cm. The stepped plates are notable by their pronounced sparkle effect.

Example E: - coloring of confectionery

<ul><li>Raw materials: effervescent sweets white</li></ul>

Spray Solution<ul><li>94% alcoholic shellac solution of Fa. Kaul</li><li>6% green interference pigment from Example 1</li></ul>

The sherbet be a interference pigment / shellac solution is sprayed until the desired color application is achieved. Subsequent drying with cold air is possible.