Interference pigments

The present invention relates to interference pigments with an intensive color shift on the basis of platelet-shaped, transparent low-index substrates and their use, in particular in paints, varnishes, printing inks, plastics, as dopants for the laser marking of plastics and papers, as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical sectors and in cosmetic formulations.

Gloss or effect pigments are used in many areas of technology, in particular in the field of automotive paints, decorative coatings, in plastics, in paints, printing inks and in cosmetic formulations.

Glossy pigments, which show an angle-dependent color change between several interference colors, are of particular interest for automotive paints and for counterfeit-proof securities due to their play of colors.

Pearlescent pigments on a mineral basis are particularly important. Pearlescent pigments are produced by coating an inorganic, platelet-shaped carrier with a highly refractive, usually oxidic, layer. The color of these pigments is caused by wavelength-selective partial reflection and interference of the reflected or transmitted light at the medium / oxide or oxide / substrate interfaces.

The interference color of these pigments is determined by the thickness of the oxide layer, for example the hue of a green pigment is generated by a single highly refractive layer, the optical thickness of which causes a reflection maximum in the visible wavelength range at approximately 500 nm. The human eye perceives this wavelength as the color green. In the case of a first order maximum, however, the intensity curve is so wide that so much light is reflected in the entire range of visible light that the human eye perceives a very bright but colorless impression.

In accordance with the rules of optics for thin layers, which are known, in particular from the coating of optical components, the intensity of the reflected light increases sharply when a plurality of layers are arranged with alternating high and low refractive indices compared to a single layer. So by applying a TiO₂-SiO₂-TiO₂Layer system on mica particles the intensity of the reflected light compared to a TiO₂- Single-layer system - raised by approx. 60%. As a result, the profile of the light reflected by interference becomes much more pronounced, so that an intense and brilliant reflection color must be expected for such a multilayer system. Pigments of this type are described in DE 196 18 569 A1.

For example, green interference pigments based on mica flakes are known from the prior art. Mica platelets generally have a very wide spread of the layer thickness and are therefore neutral with regard to the interference color. Pearlescent pigments, which have a single high-refractive coating of mica, thus represent optical single-layer systems, ie the interference color is determined exclusively by the layer thickness of the highly refractive metal oxide layer. The coloristic design freedom of a mica / metal oxide green pigment is therefore very limited. In addition, due to their layer structure, mica particles have bumps on the surface that cause scatter and thus reduce the transparency and the coloristic quality of the product. In addition, mica shows a more or less pronounced gray-brown body color. This property further reduces the transparency and undesirably influences the absorption color of the application media.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an interference pigment, in particular a green interference pigment, which is distinguished in particular by high transparency, pure white body color and a strong color flop, which have an exclusive color effect, for example green effect, blue effect, etc., go out.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that a real, with a thin TiO₂-Layer coated transparent low refractive index plate, such as. B. an SiO₂Platelets, which produce a strong, e.g. green, color impression and at the same time have an unusual and intense color flop: The color shift does not necessarily proceed from long-wave to short-wave colors as is usual with interference colors, but can also move in the opposite direction, e.g. from the short-wave green to the long-wave Run red. This is achieved by coating thin platelets, such as SiO₂Platelets, with a TiO₂Layer whose thickness is adjusted precisely to the thickness of the platelets.

In comparison to simply coated pigments, for example green pigments, based on mica, the pigments according to the invention have the following properties:<ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>excellent transparency in the application medium</li><li>pure white body color</li><li>strong, for example green, interference color</li><li>very bright shine</li><li>strong color shift</li><li>with a suitable coordination of the layer thicknesses of substrate and coating, it is possible to achieve a color shift from long-wave to steep to short-wave colors in a flat observation angle, in particular with green interference pigments from green to red.</li></ul>

In addition to these properties, the pigments according to the invention are distinguished from the known interference pigments by the following features:<ul id="ul0002" list-style="dash" compact="compact"><li>strong glitter effect</li><li>tunable yellow-blue tint of green color</li></ul>

The mentioned color tone can be adjusted by tuning the TiO₂-Layer thickness and by choosing the transparent plates, such as SiO₂ Platelets, of different thicknesses can be varied over a wide range without losing the impression of an interference pigment.

The invention therefore relates to highly chromatic, in particular green, interference pigments based on platelet-shaped, transparent, low-index substrates which have a high-index coating consisting of TiO 2₂ with a layer thickness of 20-200 nm and optionally have an outer protective layer.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of the interference pigments according to the invention in paints, varnishes, printing inks, plastics, button pastes, ceramic materials, glasses, for seed coating, as an additive for laser welding of plastics, as dopants in laser marking or in laser welding of plastics and papers, as Additive for coloring in the food and pharmaceutical sector and especially in cosmetic formulations. Furthermore, the pigments according to the invention are also suitable for the preparation of pigment preparations and for the preparation of dry preparations, such as, for. B. granules, chips, pellets, briquettes, etc., suitable. The dry preparations are particularly suitable for printing inks and for cosmetic formulations.

Suitable base substrates for the interference pigments according to the invention are substrates with a refractive index &lt;1.9, e.g. B. platelet-shaped SiO₂Platelets, as described for example in WO 93/08237. In addition to the above-mentioned SiO₂Platelets suitable any platelet-shaped, transparent substrate known to those skilled in the art, such as. B. Al₂O₃Platelets, glass platelets, natural or synthetic mica, and platelet-shaped plastic particles. Very particularly preferred substrates are SiO₂-Tile. The special properties, such as the tunable color tone and in particular its angle dependency, are largely caused by a defined average thickness with a narrow thickness distribution.

The standard deviation of the thickness of the substrate platelets should therefore be 15 15%, preferably ≤ 10% and particularly preferably 6 6% based on their average thickness.<maths id="math0001" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>Average thickness = sum of all thickness values ​​/ number of measurements</mtext></mrow></math><img file="EP1564261A2_D0001.tif" /></maths>

The standard deviation refers to the percentage deviation of 66% of the individual measured values ​​from the calculated value of the average thickness.

The size of the base substrate is not critical per se and can be tailored to the respective application. As a rule, the platelet-shaped transparent substrates have an average thickness between 0.02 and 2 μm, preferably between 0.1 and 1 μm, in particular between 0.2 and 0.8 μm. The expansion in the other two dimensions is usually between 1 and 450 μm, preferably between 2 and 200 μm, and in particular between 5 and 100 μm and very particularly preferably between 5 and 60 μm.

In order to achieve an intense color effect, for example a green or blue effect, with overlaid, angle-dependent color tint, it is important that the average thickness of the individual platelets is within a standard deviation of ≤ 15%.

The form factor (aspect ratio: diameter / thickness ratio) of the substrate is preferably 1 to 1000, in particular 3 to 500 and very particularly preferably 5 to 200.

The thickness of the TiO₂-Layer and the substrate is essential for the optical properties of the pigment. The thickness of the layer must be set precisely and adapted to the average thickness of the substrate platelets. The thickness of the TiO₂Layer is 20-200 nm, preferably 50-180 nm and in particular 70-160 nm.

The pigments according to the invention can be easily produced by producing a high-index TiO₂-Interference layer with a precisely defined thickness and smooth surface on the finely divided, platelet-shaped substrates. The TiO₂ can exist both as rutile and as anatase. The TiO₂ is preferably in the rutile modification. SiO are particularly preferred₂Platelets covered with a rutile layer.

All inorganic and organic transparent materials are suitable as low-refractive index substrates, which can be produced in the form of finely divided platelets with a narrow thickness distribution and have a refractive index ≤ 1.8. Suitable organic substrates include polymers such as polyesters (eg PET), polycarbonates, polyimides, polymethacrylates. Interference pigments, in particular based on SiO, are particularly preferred inorganic substrates₂, Al₂O₃, platelet-shaped single crystals and glass platelets, which can also be coated with a thin SiO₂Layer can be occupied.

The metal oxide layer is preferably applied wet-chemically, it being possible to use the wet-chemical coating processes developed for the production of pearlescent pigments. Such methods are e.g. B. described in DE 14 67 468, DE 19 59 988, DE 20 09 566, DE 22 14 545, DE 22 15 191, DE 22 44 298, DE 23 13 331, DE 25 22 572, DE 31 37 808, DE 31 37 809, DE 31 51 343, DE 31 51 354, DE 31 51 355, DE 32 11 602, DE 32 35 017 or in other patent documents and other publications known to the person skilled in the art.

In the case of wet coating, the substrate particles are suspended in water and one or more hydrolyzable titanium salts are added at a pH value suitable for the hydrolysis, which is chosen such that the metal oxides or metal oxide hydrates are precipitated directly on the platelets without being too essential Co-precipitation is coming. The pH is usually kept constant by simultaneously metering in a base and / or acid. The pigments are then separated off, washed and dried at 50-150 ° C. and optionally annealed for 0.1-3 h, the annealing temperature being able to be optimized with regard to the coating in question. As a rule, the annealing temperatures are between 250 and 1000 ° C, preferably between 350 and 950 ° C.

Furthermore, the coating can also be carried out in a fluidized bed reactor by gas phase coating. B. the methods proposed in EP 0 045 851 A1 and EP 0 106 235 A1 for the production of pearlescent pigments can be used accordingly.

The hue of the pigments can be varied within very wide limits by maintaining the interference effect, for example green interference effect, by choosing different amounts of coating or the resulting layer thicknesses. The angle-dependent color shift from, for example, green in steep observation angles to red in flat observation angles is largely retained. The color variance relates in particular to the yellow or blue component. The fine-tuning for a certain color can be achieved beyond the pure quantity selection by visually or metrologically controlled approach to the desired color.

To increase light, water and weather stability, it is often advisable, depending on the area of ​​application, to subject the finished pigment to a post-coating or post-treatment. Possible post-coatings or post-treatments are, for example, the processes described in DE-PS 22 15 191, DE-OS 31 51 354, DE-OS 32 35 017 or DE-OS 33 34 598. This post-coating further increases the chemical stability or facilitates the handling of the pigment, in particular the incorporation into different media. To improve the wettability, dispersibility and / or compatibility with the application media, functional coatings made of Al₂O₃ or ZrO₂ or their mixtures or mixed phases are applied to the pigment surface. Organic or organic / inorganic combined post-coatings are also possible, for example with silanes, as described, for example, in EP 0090259, EP 0 634 459, WO 99/57204, WO 96/32446, WO 99/57204, US 5,759,255, US 5,571,851 , WO 01/92425 or in JJ Ponjeé, Philips Technical Review, Vol. 44, No. 3, 81 ff. And PH Harding JC Berg, J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 471-493.

The interference pigments according to the invention are simple and easy to handle. The pigments can be incorporated into the application system by simply stirring them in. A complex grinding and dispersion of the pigments is not necessary.

Since the interference pigments according to the invention combine strong gloss with high transparency and pure white body color, they can be used to achieve particularly effective effects in the various application media without significantly influencing the absorption color.

It goes without saying that the interference pigments are also advantageously mixed with organic dyes, organic pigments or other pigments, such as e.g. B. transparent and opaque white, colored and black pigments as well as with platelet-shaped iron oxides, organic pigments, holographic pigments, LCPs (Liquid Crystal Polymers), and conventional transparent, colored and black gloss pigments based on metal oxide coated mica and SiO₂Platelets, etc., can be used. The interference pigments can be mixed in any ratio with commercially available pigments and fillers.

In the various applications, the pigment of the invention can also be used with other colorants of any type, e.g. B. organic and / or inorganic absorption pigments and dyes, multilayer interference pigments such as Timiron®, Sicopearl® (BASF AG), ChromaFlair® (Flex Products Inc.), BiOCI pigments, fish silver, metal pigments z. B. from Eckart. There are no limits to the mixing ratios and concentration.

The pigments according to the invention are compatible with a large number of color systems, preferably from the field of lacquers, paints and printing inks. For the production of printing inks for e.g. B. gravure, flexo, offset, offset overprint varnishing, a variety of binders, especially water-soluble types, suitable as z. B. from the companies BASF, Marabu, Pröll, Sericol, Hartmann, Gebr. Schmidt, Sicpa, Aarberg, Siegberg, GSB-Wahl, Follmann, Ruco or Coates Screen INKS GmbH. The printing inks can be water-based or solvent-based. Furthermore, the pigments are also for laser marking of paper and plastics, as well as for applications in the agricultural sector, e.g. B. for greenhouse films, and z. B. suitable for the coloring of tarpaulins.

The interference pigment according to the invention can be used for pigmenting paints, printing inks, plastics, agricultural foils, seed coatings, food coloring, button pastes, drug coatings or cosmetic formulations such as lipsticks, nail varnishes, press powders, shampoos, soaps, loose powders and gels. The concentration of the pigment mixture in the application system to be pigmented is generally between 0.1 and 70% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 50% by weight and in particular between 0.5 and 10% by weight, based on the total solids content of the system . As a rule, it depends on the specific application. Particularly pronounced sparkle effects can be achieved in plastics containing the green interference pigment according to the invention, preferably in amounts of 0.01 to 50% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 7% by weight.

In the paint sector, particularly in automotive paint, the interference pigment is also used for 3-layer structures in amounts of 0.1-20% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight.

In the lacquer, the interference pigment according to the invention has the advantage that the desired gloss is achieved by a single-layer coating (one-coat system or base coat in a two-coat structure). Compared to paintwork, for example a multilayer pigment based on mica or a conventional pearlescent pigment based on a substrate with a broad thickness distribution, instead of containing the pigment according to the invention, shows coatings with the pigment according to the invention a clearer depth effect and a more pronounced gloss effect.

The interference pigment according to the invention can also be used advantageously in decorative and nourishing cosmetics. The application concentration ranges from 0.01% by weight in the shampoo to 100% by weight in the case of loose powders. When the interference pigments are mixed with spherical fillers, e.g. B. SiO₂, the concentration can be 0.01-70% by weight in the formulation. The cosmetic products, such as nail polishes, press powders, shampoos, loose powders and gels, are characterized by particularly interesting color effects and an intensive color shift. The color flop effect in nail polish can be significantly increased compared to conventional nail polishes with the help of the pigments according to the invention.

Furthermore, the pigment of the invention can be used in bath additives, toothpastes and for finishing foods, e.g. B. mass coloring and / or coatings of candies, wine gums, such as gummy bears, chocolates, liquorice, confectionery, candy canes, puddings, effervescent beverages, lemonades, etc., or as a coating, for example, with coated tablets and tablets in the pharmaceutical sector.

The pigment of the invention can also be mixed with commercially available fillers. Examples of fillers are natural and synthetic mica, nylon powder, pure or filled melamine resins, talc, glasses, kaolin, oxides or hydroxides of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, zinc, BiOCl, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, carbon, and physical or chemical combinations of these substances. There are no restrictions on the particle shape of the filler. You can meet the requirements of z. B. be plate-shaped, spherical or needle-shaped.

The interference pigments according to the invention can of course also be combined in the formulations with any type of cosmetic raw materials and auxiliaries. These include oils, fats, waxes, film formers, preservatives and auxiliary substances that determine general application properties, such as. B. thickeners and rheological additives such as Bentonites, hectorites, silicas, calcium silicates, gelatins, high-molecular carbohydrates and / or surface-active agents etc.

The formulations containing the interference pigments according to the invention can belong to the lipophilic, hydrophilic or hydrophobic type. In the case of heterogeneous formulations with discrete aqueous and non-aqueous phases, the pigments according to the invention can each contain only one of the two phases or else be distributed over both phases.

The pH values ​​of the formulations can be between 1 and 14, preferably between 2 and 11 and particularly preferably between 5 and 8.

There are no limits to the concentrations of the pigments according to the invention in the formulation. Depending on the application, they can be between 0.001 (rinse-off products, eg shower gels) and 100% (eg gloss effect articles for special applications). The pigments according to the invention can also be combined with cosmetic active ingredients. Suitable active ingredients are, for example, insect repellents, UV A / BC protective filters (e.g. OMC, B3, MBC), anti-aging ingredients, vitamins and their derivatives (e.g. vitamins A, C, E etc.), self-tanners (e.g. DHA, erytrolysis, etc.) and other cosmetic ingredients such as bisabolol, LPO, ectoin, Emblica, allantoin, bioflavanoids and their derivatives.

In the pigmentation of binder systems such. B. for inks and inks for gravure printing, offset printing or screen printing, or as a preliminary product for printing inks, the use of the interference pigments according to the invention in the form of highly pigmented pastes, granules, pellets, etc., has proven to be particularly suitable. The pigment is generally incorporated into the printing ink in amounts of 2-35% by weight, preferably 5-25% by weight, and in particular 8-20% by weight. Offset printing inks can contain the pigments up to 40% by weight and more. The preliminary products for the printing inks, for example in granular form, as pellets, briquettes, etc., contain up to 98% by weight of the pigment according to the invention in addition to the binder and additives. The printing inks containing the pigment according to the invention show purer color tones, in particular green color tones, than with conventional effect pigments. The particle thicknesses of the interference pigments according to the invention are relatively small and therefore require particularly good printability.

The interference pigments according to the invention are furthermore suitable for the production of flowable pigment preparations and dry preparations, in particular for printing inks, containing one or more pigments according to the invention, binders and optionally one or more additives.

The invention thus also relates to formulations comprising the interference pigment according to the invention.

The invention relates in particular to formulations which, in addition to the interference pigment according to the invention, have at least one constituent selected from absorption agents, astringents, antimicrobial substances, antioxidants, antiperspirants, antifoam agents, antidandruff agents, antistatic agents, binders, biological additives, bleaching agents, chelating agents, deodorizing agents, emulsifying agents and emollient emulsifiers , Dyes, humectants, Film formers, odorants, flavors, insect repellents, preservatives, anti-corrosion agents, cosmetic oils, solvents, oxidizing agents, vegetable components, buffer substances, reducing agents, surfactants, propellant gases, opacifiers, UV filters and UV absorbers, denaturants, viscosity regulators, contain perfume and vitamins.

The following examples are intended to explain the invention without, however, limiting it.

<b>Examples</b>

Example 1:

Interference pigment with Colortravel from intense green to red

100 g SiO₂Platelets (particle size 5-50 µm, average thickness 450 nm, standard deviation of the thickness: approx. 5%) are suspended in 2 l of demineralized water and heated to 80 ° C. with vigorous stirring. A solution of 12 g of SnCl is added to this mixture at pH 1.6₄ x 5 H₂O and 40 ml of hydrochloric acid (37%) in 360 ml of demineralized water. An amount of 460 ml of TiCl₄Solution (400 g TiCl₄/ l) metered. The pH is adjusted when the SnCl is added₄ x 5 H₂O solution and TiCl₄- Solutions kept constant with NaOH solution (32%). The pH is then adjusted to 5.0 with sodium hydroxide solution (32%) and stirred for 15 minutes. For working up, the pigment is filtered off, washed with 20 l of demineralized water, dried at 110 ° C. and 30 min. annealed at 850 ° C. An interference pigment with an intense brilliant green color, strong luster and high transparency is obtained. At the transition to flat observation angles, the pigment shows a red interference color.

<b>Examples of use</b>

Example A: shower gel

Phase A

<tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left"><b>raw material</b></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left"><b>Source of supply</b></entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left"><b>INCI</b></entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left"><b>[%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pigment from Example 1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Merck KGaA</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">0,10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Keltrol T</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Kelco</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Xanthan gum</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">0,75</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Water, demineralized</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Aqua (water)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">64,95</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Phase B

<tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left"><b>raw material</b></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left"><b>Source of supply</b></entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left"><b>INCI</b></entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left"><b>[%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Plantacare 2000 UP</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Cognis GmbH</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Decyl glucoside</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">20,00</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Texapon ASV 50</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Cognis GmbH</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Laureth-8 Sulfate, Magnesium Laureth Sulfate, Magnesium Laureth-8 Sulfate, Sodium Oleth Sulfate, Magnesium Oleth Sulfate</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">3,60</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Bronidox L</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Cognis GmbH</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Propylene glycol, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">0,20</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Perfume oil Everest 79658 SB (painted)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Haarmann &amp; Reimer GmbH</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Perfume</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">0,05</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">1 % FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 in</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">BASF AG</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Aqua (Water), Cl 42090</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">0,20</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">(FD&amp;C Blue No. 1)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Phase C

<tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left"><b>raw material</b></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left"><b>Source of supply</b></entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left"><b>INCI</b></entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left"><b>[%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Citric acid monohydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Merck KGaA / Rona®</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Citric acid</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">0,15</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Water, demineralized</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Aqua (water)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">10,00</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing:

For phase A, stir the interference pigment into the water. Sprinkle in Keltril T slowly while stirring and stir until dissolved. Add phases B and C one after the other and stir slowly until everything is evenly distributed. Adjust pH to 6.0 to 6.4.

Example B: - nail polish

<tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="39.37mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="39.37mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left"><b>raw material</b></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left"><b>Source of supply</b></entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left"><b>INCI</b></entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left"><b>[%]</b></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pigment from Example 1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Merck KGaA</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">2,00</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Thixotropic nail polish base 1348</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">International Lacquers SA</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="left">Toluene, Ethyl Acetate, Butyl Acetate, Nitrocellulose, Tosylamide / Formaldehyde Resin, Dibutyl Phthalate, Isopropyl Alcohol, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Camphor, Acrylates Copolymer, Benzophenone-1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">98,00</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Manufacturing:

The interference pigment is weighed in together with the lacquer base, mixed well by hand with a spatula and then stirred for 10 min at 1000 rpm.

Example C: - paint system

<dl id="dl0001" compact="compact"><dt>90 % By weight</dt><dd>Hydroglaze BG / S colorless (water-based paint from Ernst Diegel GmbH)</dd><dt>10th % By weight</dt><dd>green interference pigment from example 1</dd></dl> Spray painting at 80 ° C Predry for 5 min at 80 ° C Bake for 20 min at 180 ° C

Example D: - plastic

1 kg of polystyrene granules are evenly wetted with 5 g of adhesive in a tumble mixer. 42 g of green interference pigment from Example 1 are then added and mixed for 2 minutes. This granulate is processed on an injection molding machine under normal conditions to give step plates measuring 4 x 3 x 0.5 cm. The step plates are characterized by their pronounced sparkle effect.

Example E: - Coloring confectionery

Raw material: effervescent candies white Spray solution: 94% alcoholic shellac solution from Kaul 6% green interference pigment from example 1

The effervescent sweets are sprayed with an interference pigment / shellac solution until the desired color application is achieved. Subsequent drying with cold air is possible.