Voltage detector circuit, high-voltage generator circuit, and semiconductor memory device

0001The invention relates to a voltage detector circuit, a high-voltage generator circuit having such voltage detector circuit, and a corresponding semiconductor memory device using a voltage higher than a power supply voltage. This application claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 2003-91305, filed on 15 December 2003, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

0002Generally, a semiconductor integrated circuit device performs an internal operation by means of an externally provided power supply voltage. In addition, the semiconductor integrated circuit device internally generates a higher voltage than the externally provided power supply voltage and performs an internal operation using the higher voltage. In a semiconductor memory device that uses a voltage of 3.3V or greater, a MOS transistor of a circuit region driven with the power supply voltage (hereinafter, referred to as a low-voltage circuit region) has a breakdown voltage capable of enduring the internally generated higher voltage, for example, in a semiconductor integrated circuit device that uses a voltage of 3.3V or greater. In this case, a circuit region operating at a high voltage (hereinafter, referred to as a high-voltage circuit region) may be directly connected to the low-voltage circuit region. Even if the high-voltage circuit region is directly connected to the low-voltage circuit region, the MOS transistor of the low-voltage circuit region may not be broken down by the high voltage from the high-voltage circuit region. This is because the MOS transistor of the low-voltage circuit region has a breakdown voltage capable of enduring the high voltage.

0003As power supply voltages become lower and the increased integration of semiconductor integrated circuit device accelerates, a low-voltage transistor whose current capacity is large and whose size is small is used as the MOS transistor in the low-voltage circuit region. Therefore, the breakdown voltages of the low-voltage circuit region are also lowered. Especially if the breakdown voltage of the low-voltage transistor is lower than the high voltage used in the high-voltage circuit region, the low-voltage transistor of the low-voltage circuit region may break down due to the high voltage from the high-voltage circuit region, which is supplied when the low-voltage circuit region is directly connected to the high-voltage circuit region.

0004Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional high-voltage generator circuit 100 as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,276,646, which is herein incorporated by reference.

0005Referring to Fig. 1, the high-voltage generator circuit 100 includes a high-voltage pump block 110 and a voltage detector block 120. The high-voltage pump block 110 generates a high voltage Vpp in response to a pump control signal PUMP_OSC, and the high voltage Vpp is provided to a peripheral circuit and the voltage detector block 120. The pump control signal PUMP_OSC is a clock signal of a predetermined period. The voltage detector block 120 determine whether the high voltage Vpp reaches a target voltage, and generates a pump control signal PUMP_OSC as a detection result. For example, if the high voltage Vpp is lower than the target voltage, the voltage detector block 120 generates a pump control signal PUMP_OSC that oscillates in a predetermined period. The high-voltage pump block 110 performs a pump operation in response to the pump control signal PUMP_OSC, and the high voltage may increase to a target voltage as a result. When the high voltage Vpp reaches the target voltage, the voltage detector block 120 inactivates the pump control signal PUMP_OSC. This makes the high-voltage pump block 110 not operate anymore. Therefore, the high voltage Vpp is maintained uniformly.

0006Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating the voltage detector block 120 of Fig. 1. Referring to Fig. 2, the voltage detector block 120 includes a voltage divider 121, a comparator 122, a pump control signal generator 123, a discharge section 124, and inverters INV3 and INV4. The voltage divider 121 comprises resistors R1 and R2 and an NMOS transistor MN1, and divides a high voltage Vpp to generate a divided voltage Vdiv according to a resistance ratio of the resistors R1 and R2. The comparator 122 includes PMOS transistors MP1, MP2, and MP3 as well as NMOS transistors MN2, MN3, and MN4. The comparator compares the divided voltage Vdiv with a reference voltage Vref. The pump control signal generator 123 includes NAND gates G1 and G2 and inverters INV1 and INV2. The signal generator 123 generates a pump control signal PUMP_OSC in response to an output of comparator 122, control signal C2 through inverters INV3 and INV4, and an oscillation signal OSC. A discharge section 124 includes a PMOS transistor MP4 and NMOS transistors MN5 and MN6. The discharge section 124 discharges the high voltage Vpp to a power supply voltage in response to outputs /C2 and C2 of the inverters INV3 and INV4.

0007In Fig. 2, the NMOS transistors MN5 and MN6 are high-voltage transistors each having a breakdown voltage as high as the transistors MN5 and MN6 endure the high voltage Vpp, and the remaining transistors are low-voltage transistors having a relatively low breakdown voltage.

0008Fig. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the high-voltage generator circuit of Fig. 1.

0009Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, control signals C1 and C2 become high and an oscillation signal OSC is provided from an oscillation circuit (not shown) to the high-voltage generator circuit 100. A pump control signal generator 123 generates a pump control signal PUMP_OSC in synchronization with the oscillation signal OSC because the control signal C2 is at a high level and the divided voltage Vdiv is lower than a reference voltage Vref (e.g., 0.8V) at an initial pump operation or before the high-voltage Vpp reaches a target voltage. The high-voltage pump block 110 performs a pump operation in response to the pump control signal PUMP_OSC oscillating in a given period, and as a result, the high voltage Vpp increases toward the target voltage. If the high voltage Vpp reaches the target voltage, the comparator 122 generates a low-level signal. Because the low-level signal as an output of the comparator 122 and an output (i.e., a high-level signal) of the inverter INV4 are applied to the NAND gate G1, the pump control signal generator 123 generates the pump control signal PUMP_OSC of a low level regardless of the oscillation signal OSC. This means that the high-voltage pump block 110 does not operate. If the high voltage Vpp is lowered by an internal operation, the voltage detector block 120 generates the pump control signal PUMP_OSC oscillating in the given period, thus increasing the lowered high voltage Vpp to the target voltage.

0010When the desired internal operation is ended, each of the control signals C1 and C2 transitions from a high level to a low level as illustrated in Fig 3. When the control signal C1 transitions to the low level, the NMOS transistor MN1 is turned off. At the same time, when the control signal C2 transitions to a low level, the transistors MP4 and MN5 of the discharge section 124 are turned on by outputs of the inverters INV3 and INV4. As the transistors MP4 and MN5 are turned on, the high voltage Vpp is discharged to a power supply voltage through transistors MN6, MN5, and MP4.

0011When the control signals C1 and C2 are all at a high level, only a low voltage (e.g., the voltage is the same as the reference voltage or lower) is applied to a node ND1. However, when all of the control signals C1 and C2 become low to discharge the high voltage Vpp, the high voltage Vpp is applied to the node ND1 in an instant. Since the high voltage of the node ND1 is applied to a drain of the NMOS transistor and a gate of the NMOS transistor MN3, the NMOS transistors MN1 and MN3 are broken down. Thus, the NMOS transistors MN1 and MN3 of the high-voltage generator circuit break down when the high voltage Vpp is discharged.

0012It is the technical problem underlying the invention to provide a voltage detector circuit, a high-voltage generator circuit, and a semiconductor memory device, which are capable to overcome at least partly the inconveniencies of the prior art discussed above and which are in particular able to avoid any breakdown effects in the circuitry.

0013The invention solves this problem by providing a voltage detector circuit having the features of claim 1, a high-voltage generator circuit having the features of claim 7, and a semiconductor memory device having the features of claim 14, 15 or 16. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the subclaims, the wording of which is herewith fully incorporated into the specification to avoid unnecessary text repetitions.

0014Embodiments of the invention may provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device capable of preventing a low-voltage transistor from being broken down due to a high voltage. Other embodiments of the invention may provide a high-voltage generator circuit and a semiconductor memory device including the same.

0015Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the following and are shown in the drawings, in which also the prior art embodiments explained above to facilitate the understanding of the invention are shown. In the drawings: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional high-voltage generator circuit.</li><li>Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating the voltage detector block of Fig. 1.</li><li>Fig. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the high-voltage generator circuit of Fig. 1.</li><li>Fig. 4 is circuit diagram illustrating an exemplary voltage detector block according to the invention.</li><li>Fig. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of a high-voltage generator circuit that includes the voltage detector block of Fig. 4.</li><li>Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating another voltage detector block according to the invention.</li><li>Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating another voltage detector block according to the invention.</li><li>Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a semiconductor memory device that includes a high-voltage generator circuit in accordance with the invention.</li></ul>

0016Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating an exemplary voltage detector block according to the invention. The voltage detector block 200 illustrated in Fig. 4 may be used to replace the voltage detector block 120 in the high-voltage generator circuit of Fig. 1.

0017Referring to Fig. 4, the voltage detector block 200 includes a voltage divider 221, a comparator 222, a pump control signal generator 223, a discharge section 224, and inverters INV12, INV13. The voltage divider 221 includes resistors R10, R12 and NMOS transistors MN10, MN11. The voltage divider 221 divides the high voltage Vpp according to the ratio of the resistors R10, R12 so as to generate the divided voltage Vdiv. The NMOS transistor MN10 may be a high-voltage depletion-type MOS transistor having a negative threshold voltage. The NMOS transistor MN11 may be a low-voltage transistor. The resistor R10 and the NMOS transistor MN10 may be connected in series between the high voltage Vpp and the node ND10. A gate of the NMOS transistor MN10 may be connected to a power supply voltage. The resistor R12 and the NMOS transistor MN11 may be connected in series between the node ND10 and a ground voltage. The NMOS transistor MN11 may be controlled by the control signal C1. According to this structure of the voltage divider 221, the node ND10 is restricted to a voltage of (VCC-(-Vth)) (Vth is a threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor) when the NMOS transistor MN11 is turned off. That is, the depletion-type MOS transistor MN10 does not affect a normal operation of the voltage divider 221 but prevents the high voltage Vpp from being applied to the node ND10, as will be further explained below.

0018Still referring to Fig. 4, the comparator 222 includes PMOS transistors MP10, MP11, MP12 as well as NMOS transistors MN12, MN13, MN14, which are all connected to form a differential amplifier. The transistors composing the comparator 222 may be low-voltage transistors having a low breakdown voltage. The comparator 222 compares the divided voltage Vdiv with the reference voltage Vref, and generates a high-level or a low-level signal according to a comparison result.

0019The pump control signal generator 223 includes NAND gates G10, G11, and inverters INV10, INV11, which are connected as illustrated in the drawing. The pump control signal generator 223 generates a pump control signal PUMP_OSC in response to an output of the comparator 222, an output signal C2 of the inverter INV13, and an oscillation signal OSC. The pump control signal generator 223 generates the pump control signal PUMP_OSC oscillating in a given period only when all of the input signals for the NAND gate G10 are at a high level.

0020The discharge section 224 includes a PMOS transistor MP13 and NMOS transistors MN15, MN16. The discharge section discharges the high voltage Vpp to a power supply voltage in response to outputs /C2 and C2 of the inverters INV12 and INV13, respectively.

0021Fig. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of a high-voltage generator circuit that includes the voltage detector block 200 of Fig. 4. The high-voltage generator circuit may be similar to the high-voltage generator circuit 100 of Fig. 1, except that the high-voltage generator circuit includes the voltage detector block 200 of Fig. 4 rather than the voltage detector block 120 of Fig. 2.

0022Referring to Fig. 5, the control signals C1 and C2 go high and an oscillation signal OSC from an oscillation circuit (not shown) is provided to the high-voltage generator circuit. The control signal C2 is at a high level and a divided voltage Vdiv is lower than a reference voltage Vref (e.g., 0.8V) at an initial pump operation or before the high voltage Vpp reaches a target voltage, such that the pump control signal generator 223 generates a pump control signal PUMP_OSC in synchronization with the oscillation signal OSC. That is, when all signals applied to the NAND gate G10 of the pump control signal 223 are at a high level, the pump control signal PUMP_OSC oscillating at a given frequency is generated.

0023A high-voltage pump block, such as the high-voltage pump block 110 of Fig. 1, operates in response to the pump control signal PUMP_OSC, and the high voltage Vpp increases to the target voltage as illustrated in Fig. 5. In this case, the depletion-type MOS transistor MN10 of the voltage divider 221 delivers the voltage of the resister R10 to the node ND10 without a voltage drop.

0024If the high voltage Vpp reaches a target voltage, the comparator 222 generates a low-level signal. This low-level signal from the comparator 222 and an output (a high-level signal) of the inverter INV13 are inputted to the NAND gate G 10, such that the pump control signal generator 223 outputs a pump control signal PUMP_OSC of low level regardless of the state of oscillation signal OSC. Thus, the high-voltage pump block, such as the high-voltage pump block 110 of FIG. 1, may be disabled. If the high voltage Vpp decreases by an internal operation, the voltage detector block 200 generates a pump control signal PUMP_OSC that oscillates with a given period until the high voltage Vpp increases to the target voltage. This enables the lowered high voltage Vpp to increase to the target voltage.

0025As illustrated in Fig. 5, if the desired internal operation is ended, each of the control signals C1 and C2 transitions from a high level to a low level. When the control signal C1 transitions to the low level, the NMOS transistor MN11 is turned off by the voltage divider 221. At the same time, the control signal C2 transitions to the low level, and transistors MP13 and MN15 are turned on. When the high voltage Vpp is discharged to a power supply voltage through the turned-on transistors MN 16, MN15 and MP13, the node ND10 is restricted to a voltage of (VCC - Vth) (i.e., a threshold voltage of the MN10). Since the threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor MN10 has a negative value, the node ND10 has a maximum voltage of (VCC+Vth). Therefore, the NMOS transistors MN11 and MN13, which may be low-voltage transistors, do not break down.

0026Fig. 6 is circuit diagram illustrating another exemplary voltage detector block 600 according to the invention. Constitutent elements that perform the same function as those in Fig. 4 are marked with the same reference symbols. The voltage detector block 600 in Fig. 6 is identical to that of voltage detector block 200 in Fig. 4 except that the high-voltage depletion-type MOS transistor MN10 is replaced with the high-voltage enhancement-type NMOS transistor MN10'. The enhancement-type NMOS transistor MN10' of the voltage divider 221 is controlled by the control signal C3. A high-level voltage of the control signal C3 is set such that a voltage across a resistor R1 is transferred to the node ND10 without a voltage drop. The control signal C3 is set to a high level before the discharge operation is performed and to a low level when the discharge operation is performed. That is, when the high voltage Vpp is discharged through the discharge section 224 with the NMOS transistor MN11 being turned off, the high-voltage depletion-type NMOS transistor MN10' is turned off, and as a result the NMOS transistors MN11 and MN13 may be prevented from breaking down.

0027Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating another exemplary voltage detector block 700 according to the invention. In Fig. 7, constituent elements having the same function as those in Fig. 4 are marked with the same reference symbols. The voltage detector block 700 is similar to the voltage detector block 200 of FIG. 4, with the exception that the high-voltage depletion-type MOS transistor MN10 is not used, the low-voltage NMOS transistor MN11 is replaced with the high-voltage NMOS transistor MN11', and a high-voltage NMOS transistor MN17 is added between the node ND10 and the comparator 222.

0028The enhancement-type NMOS transistor MN17 of the voltage divider 221 is controlled by the control signal C3. The high-level voltage of the control signal C3 is set such that a voltage of the node ND10 is transferred to the NMOS transistor MN13 of the comparator 222 without a voltage drop. The control signal C3 is set to a high level before the discharge operation is carried out and to a low level when the discharge operation is carried out. That is, when the high voltage Vpp is discharged through the discharge section 224, the high-voltage enhancement-type NMOS transistors MN11 and MN17 are turned off. Therefore, the NMOS transistor MN13 is prevented from breaking down.

0029Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a semiconductor memory device that includes a high-voltage generator circuit in accordance with the invention.

0030Referring to Fig. 8, the semiconductor memory device 300 includes a memory cell array 310, which includes a plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns. Each of the memory cells includes a volatile memory cell and a nonvolatile memory cell. The row selector circuit 320 selects rows (or word lines) of the memory cell array 310 in response to row address information. The selected word lines are driven with a word line voltage required for each of operation modes. The high-voltage generator circuit 330 generates a high voltage Vpp as a word line voltage required for each of operation modes. The high-voltage generator circuit 330 may include the high-voltage pump block and the voltage detector block as described above, and the voltage detector block may be one of the voltage detector blocks illustrated in Figs. 4, 6, or 7. The column selector circuit 340 selects columns (or bit lines) of the memory cell array 310 in response to column address information, and the data input/output circuit 350 writes/reads data to/from memory cells through the selected bit lines.

0031Embodiments of the invention may be practiced in many ways. What follows are exemplary, non-limiting descriptions of some embodiments of the invention.

0032According to some embodiments, a voltage detector circuit includes a voltage divider, a discharge section, a comparator and a control signal generator. The voltage divider divides a high voltage to generate a divided voltage at an output node. The discharge section discharges the high voltage as the power supply voltage in response to a first control signal. The comparator determines whether the divided voltage of the output node reaches a reference voltage. The control signal generator outputs a second control signal in response to the output signal of the comparator and the first control signal.

0033The voltage divider includes a high-voltage prevention circuit for preventing the high voltage from being applied to a low-voltage transistor of the comparator while the high voltage is discharged. The voltage divider may further include a first resistor, a second resistor and a low-voltage transistor. One terminal of the first resistor is connected to the high voltage, and one terminal of the second resistor is connected to the output node. The low voltage transistor may include a drain connected to the other terminal of the second resistor, a source connected to a ground voltage, and a gate for receiving a third control signal.

0034The high-voltage prevention circuit may include a high-voltage transistor including a drain connected to the other terminal of the first resistor, a source connected to the output node, and a gate connected to the power supply voltage. The high-voltage transistor may be a depletion-type NMOS transistor having a negative threshold voltage.

0035Alternatively, the high-voltage prevention circuit includes a high-voltage transistor including a drain connected to the other terminal of the first resistor, a source connected to the output node, and a gate connected to receive a fourth control signal. The high-voltage transistor may be an enhancement-type NMOS transistor.

0036The voltage divider may further include a first resistor, a second resistor, and a high-voltage transistor. One terminal of the first resistor is connected to the high voltage, and one terminal of the second resistor is connected to the output node. The first high-voltage transistor includes a drain connected to the other terminal of the second resistor, a source connected to a ground voltage, and a gate connected to receive a third control signal.

0037The high-voltage prevention circuit may include a drain connected to the output terminal, a source connected to the comparator, and a gate connected to receive a fourth control signal. The third and fourth control signals are inactivated when the discharge operation is performed. The first and second high-voltage transistors may each be enhancement-type NMOS transistors.

0038In other embodiments of the invention, a high-voltage generator circuit includes a high-voltage pump circuit and a voltage detector circuit. The high-voltage pump circuit generates a high voltage in response to a pump control signal, and the voltage detector circuit generates the pump control signal according to whether the high voltage reaches a target voltage. The voltage detector circuit includes a voltage divider, a comparator, and a pump control signal generator. The voltage divider divides the high voltage and generates the divided voltage to an output node. The comparator determines whether the divided voltage of the output node reaches a reference voltage. The pump control signal generator generates the pump control signal in response to an output signal of the comparator.

0039The voltage divider includes a first resistor, a high-voltage depletion-type MOS transistor, a second resistor, and a low-voltage NMOS transistor. One terminal of the first resistor is connected to the high voltage. The high-voltage depletion-type NMOS transistor includes a drain connected to the other terminal of the first resistor, a source connected to the output node, and a gate connected to the power supply voltage. One terminal of the second resistor is connected to the output node. The low-voltage NMOS transistor includes a drain connected to the other terminal of the second resistor, a source connected to a ground voltage, and a gate connected to receive a first control signal.

0040In addition, the voltage detector circuit may further include a discharge section for discharging the high voltage as a power supply voltage in response to a second control signal and a complementary signal thereof.

0041According to still other embodiments, a high-voltage generator circuit includes a high-voltage pump circuit and a voltage detector circuit. The high-voltage pump circuit generates a high voltage in response to a pump control signal. The voltage detector circuit generates the pump control signal according to whether the high voltage reaches a target voltage. The high-voltage detector circuit includes a voltage divider, a comparator, and a pump control signal generator. The voltage divider divides a high voltage and generates the divided voltage to an output node. The comparator determines whether the divided voltage of the output node reaches a reference voltage. The pump control signal generator generates the pump control signal in response to an output signal of the comparator. The voltage divider includes a first resistor, a high-voltage enhancement-type MOS transistor, a second transistor, and a low voltage NMOS transistor. One terminal of the first resistor is connected to a high voltage. The high-voltage enhancement-type MOS transistor includes a drain connected to the other terminal of the first resistor, a source connected to the output node, and a gate connected to receive a first control signal. One terminal of the second resistor is connected to the output node. The low-voltage NMOS transistor includes a drain connected to the other terminal of the second resistor, a source connected to a ground voltage, and a gate connected to receive a second control signal. In addition, the voltage detector circuit further includes a discharge section for discharging the high voltage as a power supply voltage in response to a third control signal and a complementary signal thereof.

0042According to some other embodiments, the high-voltage generator circuit includes a high-voltage pump circuit and a voltage detector circuit. The high-voltage pump circuit generates a high voltage in response to a pump control signal. The voltage detector circuit generates the pump control signal according to whether the high voltage reaches a target voltage. The voltage detector circuit includes a voltage divider for dividing the high voltage to generate the divided voltage to an output node, a comparator for determining whether the divided voltage of the output node reaches a reference voltage, and a pump control signal generator for generating the pump control signal in response to an output signal of the comparator. The voltage divider includes a first resistor having one terminal connected to the high voltage and the other terminal is connected to the output node, a second resistor having a terminal connected to the output node, a first high-voltage enhancement-type NMOS transistor including a drain connected to the output node, a source connected to the comparator, and a gate connected to receive a first control signal. The voltage divider also includes a second high-voltage enhancement-type NMOS transistor including a drain connected to the other terminal of the second resistor, a source connected to a ground voltage, and a gate connected to receive a second control signal. In addition, the voltage detector circuit includes a discharge section for discharging the high voltage as a power voltage in response to a third control signal and a complementary signal thereof.

0043According to embodiments of the invention, a semiconductor memory device includes an array with memory cells arranged along row and columns, a row selector circuit for selecting at least one of the rows and driving the selected row with a word line voltage, and a high-voltage generator circuit for generating a high voltage as the word line voltage. The high-voltage generator circuit may have all of the features that were described above.

0044According to the invention, a low-voltage transistor may be prevented from being broken down by cutting off a high voltage directly applied to a low-voltage transistor. A person skilled in the art will be able to practice the present invention in view of the description present in this document, which is to be taken as a whole. Numerous details have been set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail in order not to obscure the invention.

0045While the invention has been disclosed in its preferred embodiments, the specific embodiments as disclosed and illustrated herein are not to be considered in a limiting sense. Indeed, it should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the present description that the invention may be modified in numerous ways. The inventor regards the subject matter of the invention to include all combinations and sub-combinations of the various elements, features, functions and/or properties disclosed herein, as defined in the attached claims.