Apparatus and method for cruise control with regulation of vehicle spacing

0001The present invention relates to apparatus and method for performing automatic control over a velocity of an automotive vehicle in which the apparatus is mounted so as to maintain an inter-vehicle distance from the vehicle to another vehicle running ahead of the vehicle to follow up the other vehicle.

0002Japanese Patent Application First Publication (non-examined) No. Heisei 3-153426 published on July 1, 1991 exemplifies a previously proposed automatic vehicular velocity control system.

0003In the previously proposed automatic vehicular velocity control system disclosed in the above-identified Japanese Patent Application First Publication, a vehicular engine output control method is disclosed in which a, so-called, auto-cruise control function such that vehicular velocity is controlled to maintain a preset vehicular velocity is provided and a traction control function such that engine output is reduced, with an engine throttie valve closed, in accordance with a slip rate of vehicular road wheels if slip of the vehicular road wheels occurs is provided.

0004In this method, a traction control signal is outputted to an auto-cruise control system from a traction control system. In the auto-cruise control system, its controller determines whether the traction control signal is inputted during an ordinary auto-cruise control operation.

0005When no traction control signal is inputted, the auto-cruise control is continued.

0006When the traction control signal is inputted, the auto-cruise control is inhibited and a higher priority on controls is given to the traction control.

0007However, in the previously proposed engine output control method described above, the controller of the auto-cruise control system decides whether the traction control signal is inputted during the auto-cruise control operation.

0008Although an inhibit or a continuation of the auto-cruise control according to the presence or absence in the traction control signal can be decided, the inhibit of a start of the auto-cruise control when the vehicle is running on a road surface having a low frictional coefficient such as a snowy road, a frozen road surface, and a wet road surface cannot be made. Then, the auto-cruise control or its evolving type of a preceding vehicle follow-up run control (a vehicular velocity control such as to follow up a preceding vehicle running ahead of the vehicle) is started even on the vehicular run on the low frictional road surface so that steering stability is reduced.

0009It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus and method for an automotive vehicle which can assure a stable run in accordance with a variation in a road surface condition (situation).

0010US-A-5,594,645 discloses apparatus and a method in accordance with the preamble of claims 1 and 7. A target inter-vehicle distance is modified according to the road surface situation.

0011The present invention provides vehicular velocity controlling apparatus for an automotive vehicle, as set forth in claim 1.

0012The invention also provides a vehicular velocity controlling method as set forth in claim 7.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

0013<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Fig. 1A is a schematic system configuration of an apparatus for performing automatic control over vehicular velocity for an automotive vehicle in a first embodiment not according to the present invention.</li><li>Fig. 1B is a schematic circuit block diagram of a preceding vehicle follow-up run controller (simply referred to as a vehicular run controller) and a road surface condition dependent vehicular run condition controller (simply referred to as a vehicular state controller) shown in Fig. 1A.</li><li>Fig. 2 is an operational flowchart representing an example of a preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure executed in the vehicular run controller shown in Fig. 1A.</li><li>Fig. 3 is an operational flowchart representing an example of a preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure executed in the vehicular run controller shown in Fig. 1A.</li><li>Fig. 4 is a characteristic graph representing an example of a map representing a relationship between a target value G^* of acceleration/deceleration and a target value P_B^* of braking pressure in a form of a table map (a two-dimensional array) used in the first embodiment.</li><li>Fig. 5 is an operational flowchart representing an example of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control in a second embodiment of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus not according to the present invention.</li><li>Fig. 6 is a schematic configuration of a third embodiment of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus, according to the present invention.</li><li>Fig. 7 is an operational flowchart representing an example of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure in the third embodiment of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus, according to the present invention.</li><li>Fig. 8 is an operational flowchart representing an example of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6.</li><li>Fig. 9 is an operational flowchart representing an example of a road surface situation dependent vehicular state control procedure executed in the vehicular state controller in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6.</li><li>Fig. 10 is an operational flowchart for explaining an example of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure in a fourth embodiment of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus not according to the present invention.</li><li>Fig. 11 is an operational flowchart representing an example of the road surface situation dependent vehicular state control procedure in the fourth embodiment.</li><li>Fig. 12 is an operational flowchart representing an example of the preceding vehicle follow-up run managing control procedure in a fifth embodiment, according to the present invention.</li></ul>

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:

0014Reference will hereinafter be made to the drawings in order to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention.

(First Embodiment)

0015Fig. 1A shows a schematic circuit block diagram of a first embodiment of an automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus not according to the present invention applicable to a rear wheel drive vehicle.

0016In Fig. 1A, 1FL and 1FR denote front left and right road wheels as non-driven road wheels and 1 RL and 1RR denote rear left and right road wheels as driven road wheels. A driving force of a prime mover, viz., an engine 2 is transmitted to the rear left and right road wheels 1RL and 1RR via an automatic transmission (A/T) 4, a final differential gear 5, and road wheel axles 6 so as to rotatably drive these driven wheels 1RL and 1RR.

0017In Fig. 1A, disc brakes 7 are respectively disposed on the front left and right road wheels 1FL and 1FR and on the rear left and right road wheels 1RL and 1RR so as to develop braking forces thereon and a braking controller 8 is installed to control a braking liquid pressure applied to these disc brakes 7, the braking forces being developed by means of the braking liquid pressure.

0018The braking controller 8 develops the braking liquid pressure in accordance with a depression depth of a brake pedal (not shown) and also in accordance with a braking liquid pressure command value outputted from a preceding vehicle follow-up run controller (also called a vehicular run controller) 20 (in Fig. 1A, a follow-up run controller) as will be described later.

0019In addition, an engine output controller 9 is installed to control an output of the engine 2. The engine output controller 9 includes a throttle valve actuator for actuating an engine throttle valve to be adjustably opened or closed so as to manage an engine revolution speed or an engine idling valve controller for controlling an opening degree of an idling valve of the engine 2 to manage an revolution speed of the engine during an engine idling condition. In the first embodiment, the former control method of adjusting an opening degree of the throttle valve.

0020Furthermore, an automatic transmission controller (A/T controller) 10 is installed for the automatic transmission 8 to control a gear position of the automatic transmission. The gear position of the automatic transmission B is controlled in accordance with an up-shift command and down-shift command by the A/T controller 10 in response to an up-shift/down-shift command value TS inputted thereto from the vehicular run controller 20, as will be described later.

0021On the other hand, each road wheel velocity sensor 13FL and 13FR is installed to detect a corresponding front road wheel velocity of the front left and right road wheels 1FL and 1FR. Each road wheel velocity sensor 13RL and 13RR is also installed to detect a corresponding rear road wheel velocity of the rear left and right road wheels 1RL and 1RR.

0022A yaw rate (yaw angular velocity) sensor 14 is installed on the vehicle to detect a yaw rate ϕ, a lateral G sensor 15 is installed on the vehicle to detect a lateral acceleration imposed on the vehicle, a steering angle sensor 16 is installed on a steering wheel of the vehicle to detect a steering angular displacement θ, and a braking pressure sensor 17 is installed on a master cylinder to detect a liquid pressure of the master cylinder in a braking system of the vehicle.

0023An inter-vehicle distance sensor 18 constituted by a radar unit is disposed on a front lower side of a vehicle body of the vehicle to detect an inter-vehicle distance from the vehicle to another vehicle which is running ahead of the vehicle (also called a preceding vehicle).

0024Fig. 1B shows a schematic circuit block diagram of the vehicular run controller 20 and a vehicular state controller 19 (in Fig. 1A, a running state controller) connected to the vehicular run controller 20.

0025Each output signal from the road wheel velocity sensors 13FL,13FR, 13RL, and 13RR, the yaw rate sensor 14, the lateral G sensor 15, the steering angle sensor 16, and the braking pressure sensor 17 is inputted to the vehicular state controller 19. The vehicular state controller 19 calculates an estimated vehicular body velocity Vc on the basis of road wheel velocities VWFL, VWFR, VWRL, and VWRR detected by means of the road wheel velocity sensors 13FL, 13FR, 13RL, and 13RR, calculates road wheel accelerations/decelerations VWFL', VWFR', VWRL', and VWRR' with the respective road wheel velocities VWFL, VWFR, VWRL, and VWRR differentiated, executes an anti-lock brake control on the basis of these values of the road wheel velocities and accelerations/decelerations. In addition, the vehicular state controller 19 executes a driving force control to prevent slips on the drive wheels while the anti-lock brake control is not executed, and executes a side-slip control in such a manner that a side-slip angle of the vehicle during the run on a low frictional coefficient road surface such as a snowy road or frozen road is made coincident with a target value of the side-slip angle derived on the basis of a steering manipulated variable and a braking manipulated variable by a vehicular driver so as to stabilize a vehicular steering characteristic while the driving force control described above is not executed. Furthermore, the vehicular state controller 19 outputs an execution status (control status) signal SS having a logical value of 1* representing that either the driving force control or the side-slip control is executed to the vehicular run controller 20, as will be described later.

0026It is noted that, in the side-slip control, the vehicular state controller 19 calculates the target value of the side-slip angle on the basis of the steering angular displacement θ detected by the steering angle sensor 17 and the master cylinder liquid pressure P_B detected by the braking pressure sensor 17, calculates an actual side-slip angle on the basis of the detected yaw rate ϕ by the yaw rate sensor 14 and the lateral acceleration Gv detected by means of the lateral G sensor 15, and controls the braking pressure against each disc brake 7 of each corresponding road wheels 1FL through 1RR so that the calculated actual side-slip angle is made co-incident with the target value of the side-slip angle, thus the steering characteristic of the vehicle being matched with that the vehicular driver has intended.

0027The vehicular run controller 20 receives the inter-vehicle distance D detected by means of the inter-vehicle distance sensor 18, the vehicle body velocity Vc outputted from the vehicular state controller 19, the execution status signal SS representing that either the driving force control or the side-slip control is being executed, an ignition switch signal SI on an ignition switch, and switch signals SM and S_SET of main switch SWM and set switch SW_S representing the selection of whetherthe preceding vehicle follow-up run control should be executed or not.

0028The vehicular run controller 20 governs the braking controller 8, the engine output controller 9, and the automatic transmission controller 10 on the basis of the inter-vehicle distance D detected by the inter-vehicle distance sensor 12 and the vehicular body velocity Vc calculated by the vehicular state controller 19 so that the vehicle is controlled to follow up the preceding vehicle maintaining the inter-vehicle distance to the preceding vehicle at an appropriate inter-vehicle distance.

0029The vehicular run controller 20 sets a vehicular state controller operation history flag FF to "1" when receiving the execution status signal SS having the logical value of "1" from the vehicular state controller 19.

0030At this time, the vehicular run controller 20 forcefully finishes the preceding vehicle follow-up control when the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is being executed and inhibits a start of the preceding vehicle follow-up run when no preceding vehicle follow-up run control is executed.

0031It is noted that the main switch SWM has a self-hold function, supplies a power from the ignition switch to the set switch SWS when it is turned on and becomes a self-hold state, continues its self-hold state even if the position of the main switch is returned from the on position to a neutral state, and releases its self-hold state when it is turned off or the ignition switch is turned off.

0032The vehicular run controller 20 includes a microcomputer having a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), an Input Port, an Output Port, and a common bus and the vehicular state controller 19 has the same circuits as the vehicular run controller 20, as shown in Fig. 1B.

0033Next, Fig. 2 shows a preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure and Fig. 3 shows a preceding vehicle follow-up run control executed in the vehicular run controller 20 of the first embodiment, each for explaining an operation of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B.

0034Fig. 2 shows the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure executed by the vehicular run controller 20 as a main program.

0035First, at a step S1, the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the status of the switch signal SI of the ignition switch is changed from an off (non-conduction) state to an on state (conduction) or whether the status of the main switch SWM is changed from the on state to the off state. The term "or" means a logical OR.

0036When a result of determination at the step S1 indicates that either the status of the switch signal S1 is changed from the off state to the on state or the status of the switch signal SM is changed from the off state to the on state (Yes), the routine goes to a step S2.

0037At the step S2, an operation history flag FT representing whether either the driving force control or the slide-slip control has been executed in the vehicular state controller 19 is reset to "0" indicating that neither the driving force control nor the side-slip control has been executed in the present driving of the vehicle.

0038In addition, a preceding vehicle follow-up run inhibit flag FF representing whether the preceding vehicle follow-up run control to be described later should be inhibited or not is reset to " 0 "indicating that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is enabled (allowed to execute).

0039In addition, at the step S2, a preceding vehicle run control state flag FS is reset to "0" representing that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is not currently being executed. Then, the main routine issues a return instruction to return from the step S2 to the step S1.

0040In addition, if the result of determination at the step S1 indicates that neither the status of switch signal SI is changed from the on state to the off state nor the status of the switch signal SM of the main switch SWM is changed from the on state to the off state (No), the main routine goes to a step S3.

0041At the step S3, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines if the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is being executed. This determination is based on whether the preceding vehicle follow-up run state flag FS is set to "1".

0042If FS = 0 at the step S3 (No), the routine goes to a step S4.

0043At the step S4, the CPU of the controller 20 determines whether the execution status signal SS has the logical value of "1".

0044If SS = "1" (Yes) at the step S4, the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface such as the snowy road, the frozen road, or the rainy road and the routine goes to a step S5.

0045At the step S5, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 sets the operation history flag FT to "1", representing that either the driving force control or the side-slip control has been executed, and the main routine goes to a step S6.

0046On the other hand, if the result of the determination at the step S4 indicates that the control state signal SS has a logical value of "0", the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines that the vehicle is running on a high frictional coefficient road surface such as a dry paved road not on the low frictional coefficient road surface and the main routine jumps to the step S6.

0047At the step S6, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines if a start condition on the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is satisfied.

0048The preceding vehicle follow-up run control condition is such that the switch signal S_SET of the set switch SWS is read to determine if the switch signal S_SET is in the on state, viz., both of the main switch SWM and set switch SWS are turned on and, thus, there is a request issued by the vehicular driver to start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control and the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc is equal to or greater than a set lower limit value of the vehicular velocity Vs.

0049If the switch signal S_SET is turned off (No) at the step S6, the CPU of the controller 20 determines that there is no request of starting the preceding vehicle follow-up run control and the routine is returned to the step S1.

0050If the switch signal S_SET is turned on and Vc≧ Vs at the step S6, the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the driver issues the request of starting the preceding vehicle follow-up run control and the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc is equal to or greater than the set lower limit vehicular velocity Vs so that the condition to start the preceding vehicle follow-up control condition is satisfied and the routine goes to a step S7.

0051At the step S7, the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the operation history flag FT is set to "1".

0052If FT = "0" (No at the step S7), the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the vehicle is running on the high frictional coefficient road surface and it is possible to achieve a stable preceding vehicle follow-up run control and the routine goes to a step S8.

0053At the step S8, the CPU of the controller 20 resets the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF to "0" to enable the start of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure. Then, the routine is returned to the step S1.

0054On the other hand, if the result of determination at the step S3 indicates that the preceding vehicle follow-up run inhibit flag FS is reset to "0" (Yes), the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is being executed and the routine branches to a step S9.

0055At the step S9, the CPU of the controller 20 determines whether the status of the read control status signal SS indicates the logical value of "1" or "0". If the logical value indicates "1" at the step S9 (Yes), the routine goes to a step S10.

0056At the step S10, the CPU of the controller 20 sets the operation history flag FT to "1" and the routine goes to a step S11. At the step S11, the CPU of the controller 20 sets the preceding vehicle follow-up run inhibit flag register FF to "1" so as to inhibit the preceding vehicle follow-up run control and the routine is returned to the step S1.

0057If the result of determination at the step S9 indicates the control status signal SS has the logical value of "0" (No), the routine goes to a step S12 in which the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the switch signal S_SET of the set switch SWS is in the off state.

0058If S_SET = OFF (Yes) at the step S12, the CPU of the controller 20 determines that there is a request by the vehicular driver to halt the preceding vehicle follow-up run control and the routine goes to the step S11.

0059If the switch signal S_SET of the set switch SWS is in the on state (No), the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is being continued and the routine is returned to the step S1.

0060Furthermore, the preceding vehicular follow-up run control procedure shown in Fig. 3 is executed as a timer interrupt routine for every predetermined time (for example, 10 milliseconds) with respect to the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure shown in Fig. 2.

0061First, at a step S20 of Fig. 3, the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF indicates "1" or "0". If (FF) = "1" (No) at the step S20, the routine goes to a step S21.

0062At the step S21, the CPU of the controller 20 resets the flag FS representing the control state of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control to "0", representing that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is not being executed. Then, the present interrupt routine is ended. If the flag FF indicates "0", representing that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is enabled to run (Yes), the interrupt routine goes to a step S22.

0063At the step S22, the CPU of the controller 20 reads the data on the inter-vehicle distance D(n) from the vehicle to the preceding vehicle detected by the inter-vehicle distance sensor 12.

0064Then, the CPU of the controller 20 is transferred from the step S22 to the step S23 in which the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc(n) is inputted and read from the vehicular state controller 19. Then, the routine goes to a step S24. It is noted that n = 1,2, --,n.

0065At the step S24, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 calculates a target value D*-of the inter-vehicle distance between the vehicle and the preceding vehicle in accordance with the following equation (1) from the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc(n) and a time duration To (inter-vehicle time duration) during which the vehicle has reached to a position on the road Lo (m) presently behind the preceding vehicle. <maths id="math0001" num="(1)."><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><mi>Vc</mi><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mi>To</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">+</mo><mi>Do</mi></math><img file="EP0965477B2_D0001.tif" /></maths>

0066By adopting a concept of the inter-vehicle time duration, the target inter-vehicle distance D* is set such that as the vehicular velocity becomes increased, the inter-vehicle distance becomes long. It is noted that in the equation (1), Do denotes an inter-vehicle distance at a time point when the vehicle is supposed to be stopped.

0067Then, the routine of Fig. 3 advances to a step S25 in which the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the actual inter-vehicle distance D(n) is equal to or shorter than the target value D*(n) of the inter-vehicle distance D(n) ≧ D*(n).

0068If D(n) > D*(n) (No) at the step S25, the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the actual inter-vehicle distance is too long and it is possible for the vehicle to be accelerated to shorten the inter-vehicle distance D(n) and the routine goes to a step S26

0069At the step S26, the CPU of the controller 20 calculates the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration in accordance with the following equation (2) on the basis of a present target value of the vehicular velocity. V* and stores the target value G* thereof into an acceleration/deceleration storage area to update the presently stored target value G*. Then, the routine goes to a step S28. <maths id="math0002" num="(2)."><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></msub><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></msub></math><img file="EP0965477B2_D0002.tif" /></maths>

0070In the equation (2), K_A and L_A denote a predetermined control gain and constant.

0071Then, the routine goes to a step S8.

0072On the other hand, if Yes at the step S25 (D(n) ≦ D*(n)), the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the presently detected inter-vehicle distance D(n) is equal to or shorter than the target inter-vehicle distance D*(n) and determines that it is necessary to widen the inter-vehicle distance to decelerate the vehicle. Then, the routine goes to a step S27.

0073At the step S27, the CPU of the vehicular running controller 20 calculates the target acceleration/deceleration G* into the corresponding memory area in which G* is previously stored so as to update the target value of G*.

0074Then, the routine goes to the step S28. <maths id="math0003" num="(3)."><math display="block"><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mo mathvariant="normal">=</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi></msub><mo mathvariant="normal">×</mo><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">*</mo><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi></mfenced></mfenced><mo mathvariant="normal">-</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi></msub></math><img file="EP0965477B2_D0003.tif" /></maths>

0075In the equation (3), K_B and L_B denote a predetermined control gain (constant) and constant.

0076At the step S28, this subroutine calculates a command value of θ for the engine output controller 9 to open the throttle valve through the command value of 8 and a command value TS for the A/T controller 10 to issue an up-shift command value TS or down-shift command value TS, and executes an engine controlling processing (at the step S2B). Then, the routine advances to a step S29.

0077It is noted that as far as the command value θ of the throttle valve opening angle (degree) is concerned, a variation rate Δ θ of the opening angle of the throttle valve is calculated which is increased in a positive direction in accordance with the increase in the target value G* of the acceleration/deceleration when the vehicle is in the acceleration state and the target value G* Indicates positive. When the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration indicates negative, the variation rate Δ θ of the opening angle of the throttle valve which is increased in the negative direction in accordance with the increase in the target value G* of the acceleration/deceleration during the time duration for which the target value G* reaches from "0" to a predetermined value of - Gs. Then, the calculated variation rate Δ θ is added to the present command value θ of the opening angle of the throttle valve to derive a new command value θ of the opening angle of the throttle valve (Δθ + θ <b>→</b> θ). When G* &lt; - Gs, the command value of θ is Set to "0" or appropriate value in proximity to zero.

0078It is also noted that the command value TS of the up-shift/down-shift command for the gear shift control of the automatic transmission (A/T) 3 is calculated in accordance with the calculated command value θ of the throttle valve and the vehicular velocity V(n) referring to a map normally used in a gear shift control in the automatic transmission.

0079At the step S29, the CPU of the controller 20 calculates the target value of the braking pressure P_B* on the basis of the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration stored in the acceleration/deceleration storage area and the routine is returned to a predetermined main program after the braking pressure control process in which the target braking pressure P_B* is outputted to the braking controller 8 is carried out and the timer interrupt routine shown in Fig. 3 is ended.

0080It is noted that the target value P_B* of the braking pressure is calculated using a table look-up technique through a braking pressure map (two-dimensional array) shown in Fig. 4 previously stored in the memory such as the ROM of the vehicular run controller 19 on the basis of the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration.

0081The table map has a lateral axis of the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration and a longitudinal axis of the target value P_B* of the braking pressure, as shown in Fig. 4. If the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration is positive and the target value G* is negative in a range from zero to a minus predetermined value of - Gs, the target value P_B* of the braking pressure is maintained at zero value. If the target value PB* of the braking pressure is linearly increased in proportion to the increase of the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration in the negative direction.

0082The steps S4, S5, S9, and S10 correspond to control status storing means, the steps S7, S9 through S11, and S20 correspond to control inhibit means. The steps S7 and S20 correspond to control start inhibit means, and the steps S21 through S28 correspond to follow-up run control means.

0083Hence, suppose now that the vehicle has stopped with the ignition switch turned off and both of the main switch SWM and the set switch SWS turned off.

0084In this state, the power is not supplied to each controller 19 and 20, the anti-lock brake control, the driving force control, and side-slip control by means of the vehicular state controller 19 are not executed and the preceding vehicle follow-up control by means of the vehicular run controller 20 is not executed.

0085When the vehicle has stopped, the engine 2 is started with the ignition switch turned on, each controller 19 and 20 receives its power so that a predetermined control processing is started to be executed.

0086At this time, since the vehicle is stopped, the vehicular running controller 19 does not execute the anti-lock brake control, the driving force control, and side-slip control. On the other hand, the vehicular run controller 20 executes the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure. Since the ignition switch is changed from the off state to the on state, the routine of Fig. 2 goes from the step S1 to the step S2 in which the operation history flag register FT is reset to "0", the flag operation history flag FT representing that either the driving force control or the side-slip control has been executed and the preceding vehicle follow-up control inhibit flag FF is reset to "0" in order to initialize these flags. Then, the routine is returned to the step S1. At this time, since the ignition switch is turned on, the routine goes to the step S3 in which the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the preceding vehicle follow-up run control status flag register FS indicates the reset status of "0". Since the flag register FS is already reset to "0" at the step S2, the routine goes to the step S4 from the step S3.

0087Since the vehicle has been stopped and neither the driving force control nor the side-slip control is carried out, the control status signal SS continues to indicate the logical value of "0" from the vehicular state controller 19. Hence, since the routine jumps to the step S6 without passing the step S5, the operation history flag register FT is continued to be reset to "0"

0088Thereafter, when the vehicle is started to run on a road surface having a high fictional coefficient road surface such as a dry paved road, the driver thereafter turns on the main switch SWM and turns on the set switch SWS. At this time, at the step S6 of Fig. 2, the switch signal SSET of the set switch SWS is in the on state. And, when the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc becomes equal to or greater than the set lower limit vehicular velocity Vs, the routine of Fig. 2, in turn, goes to the step S7 since the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines that the start condition of the preceding vehicle follow-up run controller is satisfied.

0089Since, even at the step S7 of Fig. 2, the vehicle is running on the high frictional coefficient road surface and neither the driving force control nor the side-slip control is executed, the operation history flag register FT is reset to "0" and the routine goes from the step S7 to the step S8. At the step S8, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is started, the preceding vehicle follow-up control processing shown in Fig. 3 being activated.

0090When the timer interrupt routine shown in Fig. 3 is started, the routine goes from the step S20 to the step S22 so that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is started on the basis of the inter-vehicle distance D and the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc of the vehicle. At the step S31, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control status flag register FS is set to 1" representing that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is being executed.

0091It is noted that, in the preceding vehicle follow-up run control, if no preceding vehicle is present in the front detection zone on the preceding vehicle, the set vehicular velocity is maintained so as to make the set vehicular velocity constant (called, auto-cruise control).

0092If another vehicle is present as the preceding vehicle running ahead of the vehicle, the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration is calculated on the basis of the inter-vehicle distance D and the target value D* of the inter-vehicle distance. According to the target value G*, the engine output control or the braking control is executed. The preceding vehicle follow-up run control is carried out so as to maintain the target value D* of the inter-vehide distance according to the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc.

0093In this way, if the preceding vehicle follow-up run status flag FS is set to 1", the routine goes from the step S3 to the step S8 shown in Fig. 2. When neither the driving force control nor the side-slip control is executed and the switch signal S_SET is in the off state, the routine goes from the step S3 to the step S9. When neither the driving force control not the side-slip control is executed and the switch signal SSET is in the off state, the routine is directly returned to the step S1 to continue the preceding vehicle follow-up run control.

0094However, when the vehicle runs on the low frictional coefficient road surface such as the snowy road, the frozen road, or so forth during the follow-up run control for the vehicle to run on the high frictional road surface so that either a case where the driven wheels slip and the driving force control processing is executed or a case where the side-slip occurs during a turn of the vehicle and the side-slip control is executed.

0095At this time, the execution status signal SS outputted from the vehicular run controller 19 indicates the logical value of "1".

0096In Fig. 2, the operation history flag register FT is set to "1" transferring from the step S9 to the step S10. At the step S11, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "1".

0097Hence, when the preceding vehicle follow-up run control processing shown in Fig. 3 is thereafter executed, the present routine transfers from the step S20 to the step S21 to reset the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is stopped.

0098On the other hand, since the preceding vehicle follow-up run status flag FS is reset to "0" in the routine shown in Fig. 2, the routine transfers from the step S3 to the step S4. In this case, if either one or both of the driving force control or the side-slip control are ended, the control status signal SS outputted from the vehicular state controller 19 is returned to the logical value of "0".

0099Hence, the routine shown in Fig. 2 is directly returned from the step S4 to the step S6. Since the switch signal S_SET of the set switch SWS is continued to be in the on state, the routine goes from the step S6 to the step S7. Since the operation history flag FT maintains the set state of 1, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is maintained at the set state of "1" and the restart of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is inhibited.

0100In the same way, when the vehicle is started on the low frictional coefficient road surface such as the snowy road or the frozen road, it is often the case wherein the driving force control or the drive wheel slip control (side-slip control) is executed during the start of the vehicle. Hence, the start of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is inhibited during the start of the vehicle.

0101As described above, when the vehicle is to run on such a very low frictional coefficient road surface as the vehicle easily slidable, the vehicular run controller 19 executes the driving force control or the side-slip control.

0102When the execution (control) status signal SS indicates the logical value of "1", the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is inhibited at the preceding vehicle follow-up run controller 20. If the vehicle runs on the low frictional coefficient road surface while the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is executed and the engine output control or the braking control is executed according to the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration calculates on the basis of the magnitude relationship between the inter-vehicle distance D and the target value D* of the inter-vehicle distance, an accurate avoidance of the slips generated on the respective four wheels 1FL through 1 RR and which cause the vehicle to be inaccurate preceding vehicle follow-up run controlled state can be made.

0103It is noted that, when the vehicle runs on the low frictional coefficient road surface while the operation history flag FT is set to "1" inhibiting the preceding vehicle follow-up run control and runs, in turn, on the high frictional road surface so that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is desired to be started, the main switch SWM is once changed from the on state to the off state. The routine goes from the step S1 to the step S2 shown in Fig. 2 in which the operation history flag FT is reset to "0".

0104Therefore, since the main switch SWM is thereafter turned on and the set switch SWS is turned on, the routine shown in Fig. 2 goes to the step S8 via the steps S1, S3, S4, S6, and S7.

0105Then, when the preceding vehicle follow-up run control shown in Fig. 3 is activated, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control can be restarted.

0106Furthermore, after the ignition switch is turned off with the vehicle stopped, the ignition switch is again turned on . At this time, since the operation history flag FT is reset to "0", it becomes possible to carry out the preceding vehicle follow-up run control on the high frictional surface coefficient road surface.

(Second Embodiment)

0107Fig. 5 shows an operational flowchart representing the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure and execution in a second embodiment of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus not according to the present invention.

0108In the second embodiment, when the request to start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is issued after the vehicle cannot help running on the low frictional coefficient road surface and it becomes the preceding vehicle follow-up run inhibit state during the preceding vehicle follow-up run control or when the preceding vehicle follow-up run control start request is issued during the start of the vehicular run on the low frictional coefficient road surface, the vehicular run controller 20 informs the vehicle driver of the running road surface being the low frictional coefficient road surface and the vehicular driver carries out a confirmation operation in response to this information. In this case, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control can be started.

0109It is noted that the hardware structure of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus is generally the same as that in the first embodiment shown in Figs. 1A and 1B except that a liquid crystal display device as will be described later is provided in the vehicle. It is also noted that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is applied to the second embodiment.

0110In details, in the second embodiment, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure executed in the vehicular run controller 20 is shown in Fig. 5.

0111In Fig. 5, as compared with the corresponding Fig. 2, a step S41 in which the CPU of the controller 20 informs the vehicular driver that the vehicle is presently running on the low frictional coefficient road surface and a step S42 in which the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the confirmation operation for the above-described fact is carried out by the vehicular driver are inserted between the steps S7 and S8.

0112If the driver's confirmation operation is present at the step S42 (Yes), the routine of Fig. 5 goes to the step S8.

0113If no confirmation operation is present at the step S42 (No), the routine of Fig. 5 is returned to the step S1.

0114The other steps shown in Fig. 5 are the same as those shown in Fig. 2. The detailed explanations thereof will herein be omitted.

0115The information method at the step S42 of informing the vehicular passenger(s) including the vehicular driver that the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface includes an information using an AV system (Audio/Visual system) having a liquid crystal display device on which a touch panel (so-called, a transparent touch sensor is disposed) is attached.

0116That is to say, at the step S41 of Fig. 5, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 issues a command to the A/V system to display such a message that "DRIVING FORCE CONTROL/SIDE-SLIP CONTROL OPERATION HISTORY IS PRESENT: CONFIRM THE ROAD SURFACE CONDITION" through the liquid crystal display device.

0117At the step S41, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 further issues a command to display a setting confirmation button and a canceling confirmation button on a video screen corresponding to the touch panel portion. If the vehicular passenger selects the setting confirmation button through the touch panel (Yes at the step S42), the routine goes from the step S42 to the step S8. If the canceling confirmation button is selected (No at the step S42), the routine is returned to the step S1.

0118According to the second embodiment, when the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface so that the preceding vehicle follow-up running control is inhibited and, thereafter, the main switch SWM to carry out the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is in the on state, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines if an intention of the vehicular driver to start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is present. When the CPU of the controller 20 confirms that the driver has the intention to start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control at the step S42, the routine goes to the step S8 to activate the preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure shown in Fig. 3 (described in the first embodiment).

0119Hence, since the vehicular driver himself determines the road surface condition and can start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control according to its intention.

0120For example, when the vehicle has run on a relatively short road surface which is partially frozen, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control can immediately be restarted.

0121It is noted that, in the second embodiment, such the message that the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road is displayed on the screen of the liquid crystal display unit. However, if a navigation system is mounted on the vehicle, a vocal guidance may be used to inform vocally the vehicle passenger that the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface together with the display of such the message as described above. Furthermore, only the vocal guidance may be used omitting the message described above. It is also noted that, in the second embodiment, the confirmation button is displayed on the liquid crystal display device utilizing the touch panel. However, a confirmation button may be installed on an instrument panel of a front portion in a vehicular passenger compartment. Furthermore, the vehicular run controller 20 may promote the vehicular occupant (driver) to operate again the main switch SWM. In this case, as described in the first embodiment, the routine of Fig. 2 (Fig.5) goes from the step S1 to the step S2 in which the operation history flag FT is reset to "0" so that the restart of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control becomes possible.

0122It is furthermore noted that, in the second embodiment, the liquid crystal display device is used to inform the vehicular occupant(s) of the above-described fact. However, a display device having a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), a plasma display, or any other arbitrary display device may alternatively be used.

(Third Embodiment)

0123Fgs. 6, 7, and 8 show a third embodiment of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus, according to the present invention.

0124Since the structure of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus shown in Fig. 6 is generally the same as that shown in Fig. 1A described in the first embodiment, difference points between Figs. 6 and 1A will hereinafter be described.

0125In the vehicular state controller 19, the anti-lock brake control (ABS) is to be executed.

0126In the anti-lock braking control (ABS), the CPU of the vehicular state controller 19 calculates each road wheel slip rate on the basis of the respective wheel velocities VWFL through VWRR detected by means of each wheel velocity sensor 13FL through 13RR and the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc, calculates wheel accelerations/decelerations for the respective road wheels 1FL through 1RR, outputs a control command value to the braking controller 8 to make the respective wheel slip rates coincident with the target value of the wheel slip on the basis of these calculated parameters so as to control the braking pressures of the disc brakes 7 of the respective road wheels.

0127In addition, in the driving force control, the CPU of the vehicular state controller 19 calculates the slip rates on the driven wheels from the wheel velocities VWRL and VWRR on the driven wheels 1 RL and 1 RR, outputs the control command value to the braking controller 8 so that the calculated slip rates are smaller than the target slip rate so as to control the braking pressure on the disc brakes 7 of the respectively corresponding road wheels.

0128For the control on the side-slip, the CPU of the vehicular state controller 19 executes the same side-slip control as described in the first embodiment.

0129In addition, in the vehicular state controller 19, the anti-lock brake control procedure is always enabled to be executed and both of the driving force control procedure and the side-slip control procedure are in the operation state when a functional off switch SW_OF used to countermeasure a stack and connected to the controller 19 is continued in the off state and are in non-operation state when the functional off SW_OF is in the on state.

0130The vehicular run controller 20 receives: the inter-vehicle distance D detected by the inter-vehicle distance sensor 18; the control status (the execution state) signal SS representing whether either the driving force (suppression) control or the side-slip (suppression) control is being executed from the vehicular state controller 19; the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc outputted from the controller 19; the switch signal SIG of the ignition switch SWIG connected to a vehicular battery B; the switch signals SM and S_SET of the main switch SWM and the set switch SWS; and a switch signal S_OF of the functional off switch SW_OF against the vehicular state controller 19.

0131In the preceding vehicle follow-up run controller 20, the vehicular run controller 20 performs a control over the braking controller 8, the engine output controller 9, an automatic transmission controller 10 on the basis of the inter-vehicle distance D detected by means of the inter-vehicle distance sensor 18 and the vehicular body velocity Vc inputted from the road surface situation dependent vehicular run controller 19 (the road surface situation dependent vehicular run controller corresponds to the vehicular state controller).

0132Hence, the vehicular run controller 20 performs the preceding vehicle follow-up run control such that the vehicle is following up the preceding vehicle maintaining an appropriate inter-vehicle distance to the preceding vehicle running ahead of the vehicle.

0133In addition, when the execution state signal SS having the logical value of "1" is received from the vehicular state controller 19, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 sets the operation history flag FT to "1" representing that the suppression control on the road surface situation dependent vehicular run processing has been executed, forcefully ends the preceding vehicle follow-up run control which has been executed, and inhibits the start of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control.

0134The inhibit means that a disable interrupt instruction is issued to disable an interrupt request.

0135Furthermore, when the switch signal S_OF of the functional off switch SW_OF is in the on state and the vehicular state controller 19 enters both of the driving force control process and the side-slip control process non-operative (into non-operation states) in response to the active switch signal S_OF, the start of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is inhibited in the vehicular run controller 20.

0136It is noted that, in the third embodiment, the main switch SWM includes: a change-over switch 21A of a momentary type whose one end is connected to the vehicular battery B via the ignition switch SWIG and operable according to the vehicular drivers intention; and a relay circuit 22 of the self hold state.

0137The change-over switch 21A is so structured that, when it is placed at an off position, an interruption state occurs between a first input terminal ti1 at which the switch signal SIG is inputted and an output terminal t0. When it Is placed at a neutral position (N), a correction state occurs between a second input terminal ti2 at which a power supply via the relay circuit 22 is inputted and an output terminal to. When it is placed at the ON position, the connection state occurs between the first and second input terminals ti1 and ti2 and the output terminal to.

0138The relay circuit 22 includes a normally open contact S1 and a relay coll RL driving the normally open contact S1. One end of the normally open contact S1 is connected to the ignition switch SWIG and the other end thereof is directly connected to the preceding vehicle follow-up run controller 20 via the set switch SWS and connected to the second input terminal ti2 of the change-over switch 21A.

0139One end of the relay coil RL is connected to the output terminal to of the change-over switch 21A and the other end thereof is grounded.

0140Next, the operation of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus in the third embodiment shown in Fig. 6 will be described with reference to the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure shown in Fig. 7 and the preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure shown in Fig. 8.

0141First, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure shown in Fig. 7 is executed as the predetermined main program.

0142At a step SS1, the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the status of the switch signal SIG of the ignition switch SWIG is changed from the off state to the on state or the switch signal SM of the main switch SWM is changed from the on state to the off state.

0143If the result of determination indicates that either the switch signal SIG is changed from the off state to the on state or the switch signal SM is changed from the on state to the off state (Yes), the routine of Fig. 7 goes to a step SS2. At the step SS2, the CPU of the controller 20 resets the operation history flag FT to" 0" to represent that neither the driving force suppression control nor the side-slip suppression control is executed and resets the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF to "0" to enable the preceding vehicle follow-up run control. Then, the routine is returned to the step SS1.

0144If the result of determination at the step SS1 indicates that neither the switch signal SIG is changed from the off state to the on state nor the switch signal SM is changed from the on state to the off state (No), the routine goes to the step SS3.

0145At the step SS3, the CPU of the preceding vehicle follow-up run controller 20 determines if there is the request to perform the follow-up run control.

0146This determination at the step SS3 is based on whether both of the main switch SWM and the set switch SWS are turned on and the switch signal S_SET is in the on state. If the switch signal S_SET is in the off state (No) at the step SS3, the main program based on Fig. 7 (viz., the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20) determines that there is no request to perform the preceding vehicle follow-up run control or the preceding vehicle follow-up run control should be suspended. Then, the routine goes to the step SS4 in which the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "1" and the routine is returned to the step SS1.

0147In the result of determination at the step SS3 indicates that the switch signal S_SET is in the on state (Yes), the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines that there is the request to continue the preceding vehicle follow-up run control or there is the request to start the same control. Then, the routine goes to a step SS5.

0148At the step SS5, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines whether both of the driving force control process and the side-slip control process are in the non-operation state.

0149This determination (decision step) is based on whether the switch signal S_OF of the functional off switch SW_OF connected to the vehicular run controller 19 is in the on state. If the switch signal S_OF is in the on state, the CPU of the controller 20 determines that both of the driving force control processor and side-slip control are in the non-operation states so that the determination of whether the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface cannot be made. Then, the routine goes to the step SS4.

0150if the switch signal S_OF is in the off state (No) at the step SS5, the CPU of the controller 20 decides that both of the driving force suppression control and the side-slip suppression control are in the operation states and it is possible to determine if the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface. Thus, the routine goes to the step SS6.

0151At the step SS6, the CPU of the controller 20 reads the logical value of the execution state signal SS from the vehicular state controller 19 to determine whether SS = "1".

0152If SS = "1" (Yes) at the step SS6, the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface and at least one of the driving force suppression control or the side-slip suppression control has been executed. Then, the routine goes to a step SS7.

0153At the step SS7, the CPU of the controller 20 sets the operation history flag FT to "1" representing that the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface with the driving force suppression control or the side-slip suppression control is executed. Then, the routine goes to the step SS4.

0154On the other hand, if the result of determination at the step SS6 indicates the logical value of "0" of the execution state signal SS, the CPU of the controller 20 determines that the vehicle is running on the high frictional coefficient road surface and the routine goes to a step SS8.

0155At the step SS8, the CPU of the controller 20 determines if the operation history flag FT is set to "1", the routine is directly returned to the step SS9. If (FT) = "0" (No) at the step SS8, the routine goes to the step SS9 in which the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is reset to "0" ((FF) = "0").

0156Then, the routine is returned to the step SS1.

0157Since the preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure as described in the first embodiment with reference to Fig. 3 is applicable to Fig. 8 in the seventh embodiment, the detailed description thereof will be omitted and the difference points will be described below.

0158The difference points are that at the step SS20, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines whether the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "1", if Yes at the step SS20, the timer processing routine of Fig. 8 is ended and the program is returned to the main program of Fig. 7. If FF = "0" (No) at the step SS20, the routine goes to the step SS21. The step SS21 corresponds to the step SS22 in Fig. 3. It is noted that, as compared with Fig. 3, the steps S30 and S31 are omitted in Fig. 8.

0159Fig. 9 shows a road surface situation dependent vehicular run (state) control processing routine executed in the vehicular state controller 19.

0160The road surface situation dependent run control processing routine is executed as a timer interrupt routine for each predetermined time with respect to the anti-lock control processing to be executed as the main program.

0161First, at a step SS31, the CPU of the vehicular state controller 19 determines if the anti-lock brake control processing is being executed. This determination is based on whether, in the anti-lock brake control procedure, an anti-lock brake control activation flag is set to "1" or reset to "0".

0162That is to say, this anti-lock brake control activation flag is set to "1" when a wheel cylinder pressure is decreased during the anti-lock brake operation start and is reset to "0" when a predetermined release condition is satisfied. The predetermined release condition includes: a case when the vehicular velocity gives a value in proximity to a stop state of the vehicle; a case when the number of times a moderate pressure increment is performed becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined number of times.

0163If this flag is set to "1" (Yes) at the step SS31, the timer interrupt routine of Fig. 9 is ended to return to the main routine of the anti-lock brake control.

0164If this flag is set to "0" (No) at the step SS31, the CPU of the controller 19 determines that the present time is not in the anti-lock brake control and the routine is transferred to a step SS32.

0165At the step SS32, the CPU of the vehicular state controller 19 determines whether the switch signal S_OF is in the on state with the functional off switch SW_OF connected to the vehicular state controller 19 turned on.

0166If SW_OF is in the on state (Yes) at the step SS32, the CPU of the vehicular state controller 19 determines that there is the non-operation request to halt the execution of both of the driving force control processing and the side-slip control process and the interrupt routine is returned to the main program of the anti-lock brake control.

0167If S_OF = off (No) at the step SS33, the CPU of the controller 19 performs the driving force control process at the step SS34 and the routine goes to the step SS34. At the step SS34, the CPU of the controller 19 performs the side-slip control. Then, the routine of Fig. 9 is ended to return to the main program of the anti-lock brake control.

0168It is noted that when the driving force suppression control such as to suppress the slip of the driven wheels and the side-slip suppression control are started, the execution state signal SS is changed from the logical value of "0" to that of "1".

0169The content of the step SS5 shown in Fig. 7 corresponds to non-operation state determining means, the contents of the steps SS4, and SS6 through SS8 and SS20 correspond to preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibiting means. The contents of the steps SS33 and SS34 in Fig. 9 correspond to road surface situation dependent vehicular run controlling means.

0170Suppose now that, in the vehicle, a key switch (not shown), the ignition switch SWIG are turned off and both of the main switch SWM and the set switch SWS are turned off, and the vehicle stops in this state. In this state, no power is supplied to each controller 19 and 20. The anti-lock brake control processing, the driving force control processing, and the side-slip state control processing in the vehicular state controller 19 are not operated. In addition, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure and the preceding vehicle follow-up run control processing are in the non-operation state are not operated.

0171In this vehicular stopped state, the key switch is turned on, and, thereafter, the ignition switch SWIG is turned on to start the engine 2. At this time, each controller 19 and 20 receives the power supply. In response to the receipt of the power supply, a predetermined series of executions is started.

0172At this time, since the vehicle still stops, the anti-lock brake control, the driving force control, and the side-slip control are not executed by the vehicular state controller 19.

0173The vehicular run controller 20, in turn, executes the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure shown in Fig. 7. Since the ignition switch SWIG is changed from the off state to the on state, the routine of Fig. 7 goes from the step SS1 to the step SS2 in which the operation history flag FT is reset to "0" and the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "0' so that both of (FT) and (FF) are initialized. Then, the routine of Fig. 8 is returned to the step SS1.

0174Since, at the step SS1, the ignition switch SWIG is turned in the on state, the routine goes to the step SS3.

0175Suppose that the change-over switch 21A of the main switch SWM is not operated and is placed at the neutral position (N). Non-conduction state occurs between the input terminal ti1 connected to the ignition switch SWIG and the output terminal to connected to the relay coil RL. Hence, the normally open contact s1 maintains at the open state. Thus, the switch signal S_SET is maintained at the off state irrespective of the state of the set switch SWS. Therefore, since there is no request by the vehicular driver to perform the preceding vehicle follow-up run control, the routine goes to the step SS4 in which the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "1".

0176Therefore, when a predetermined time has passed and the preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure shown in Fig. 8 is started, the timer interrupt processing is ended directly from the step SS20 so as to return to the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure at the step SS2. The state in which the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is inhibited is maintained.

0177When the vehicle is started from the stopped state to run and, in such a first stage of the vehicular run state, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is carried out, the change-over switch 21A in the main switch SWM is turned in the on position, and the first input terminal ti1 and the output terminal to are in the conduction state so that the relay coil RL is conducted and the normally open contact s1 is turned off. When the switch signal SM is turned on, the self-hold circuit is formed by the relay coli RL, the second input terminal ti2 from the output side of the normally open contact s1, the second input terminal ti2, and the output terminal to.

0178In this state, if the operation of the change-over switch 21A is released, the change-over switch 21A is returned to the neutral position. However, in the neutral position, the conduction state between the second input terminal ti2 and the output terminal to is maintained so that the self-hold condition of the relay circuit 22 is maintained.

0179As described above, the main switch SWM is turned on and, thereafter, the set switch SWS is turned on. Consequently, the switch signal S_SET is turned on. This information is inputted to the vehicular run controller 20. In the processing shown in Fig. 7 executed by the vehicular run controller 20, the routine is transferred from the step SS3 to the step SS5.

0180At this time, when the vehicular state controller 19 is executing the driving force control or the side-slip control with the functional off switch SW_OF turned off and the switch signal turned off, the routine is transferred to the step SS6.

0181However, when the vehicular state controller 19 neither executes the driving force suppression control nor the side-slip suppression control and the execution state signal SS has the logical value of "0", the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines that the vehicle is running on the high frictional coefficient road surface such as a dry paved road and the routine of Fig. 7 goes to the step SS8.

0182In the initial state, the operation history flag FT is reset to "0". Hence, after the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "0" at the step SS9, the routine is returned to the step SS1.

0183Therefore, at a timing when the timer interrupt processing shown in Fig. 8 is executed for each predetermined time, the routine goes from the step SS20 to the step SS21. The preceding vehicle follow-up run control based on the inter-vehicle distance D and the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc is started.

0184At the initial stage of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control, the set vehicular velocity is maintained to perform the auto-cruise speed control for the vehicle when no preceding vehicle running ahead of the vehicle is present. If the preceding vehicle is present, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 calculates the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration on the basis of the inter-vehicle distance D and the target value D* of the inter-vehicle distance and executes either the engine output control or the braking control according to the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration (variation rate of the vehicular velocity). The preceding vehicle follow-up run control is carried out to maintain the target value D* of the inter-vehicle distance according to the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc.

0185When, during the preceding vehicle follow-up run control on the high frictional coefficient road surface, the vehicle enters, in turn, to run on the low frictional coefficient road surface and either the driving force suppression control due to the occurrence of the slips on the driven wheels is executed or the side-slip suppression control due to the occurrence of the slips on the vehicular body in the vehicular side (lateral) direction during the turning of the vehicle, the execution state signal SS indicates the logical value of "1". Hence, the routine goes to the step SS7 from the step SS6 in which the operation history nag FT is set to "1" and the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "1".

0186Hence, when the preceding vehicle follow-up run control of Fig. 8 is executed, the timer interrupt processing of Fig. 8 is started from the step SS20, the timer interrupt processing of Fig. 8 is returned to the processing shown in Fig. 7. Hence, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is immediately inhibited.

0187Consequently, the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus according to the present invention can assure a positive prevention of the driven wheel slips susceptible to occur since the acceleration during the vehicular run on the low frictional coefficient road surface becomes lower than that during the vehicular run on the high frictional coefficient road surface so that the detected value of the inter-vehicle distance becomes longer than the target value of the inter-vehicle distance, thus the target value of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration being enlarged.

0188On the other hand, since, in the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure shown in Fig. 7 the operation history flag FT is maintained at "1", the switch signal S_SET of the set switch is in the on state, the switch signal S_OF of the functional off switch SW_OF is turned off, the driving force control processing and the side-slip control processing are in the operation states, and neither the driving force suppression control nor the side-slip suppression control is executed, the routine goes from the step SS1 to the step SS8 via the steps SS3, SS5, and SS6. Hence, since the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "1", the preceding vehicle follow-up run control shown in Fig. 8 is inhibited.

0189When the vehicular driver turns the main switch SWM is in the off position when the road surface situation is changed from the vehicular run on the low frictional coefficient road surface to the vehicular run on the high frictional coefficient road surface, the switch signal SM is changed from the on state to the off state. When the routine is transferred from the step SS1 to the step SS2, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is reset to "0". In addition, the operation history flag FT is reset to "0 ".

0190Under this state, if the main switch SWM is again turned in the on position, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control processing can be started.

0191However, when the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is started, the functional off switch SW_OF is turned on. When the switch signal S_OF is turned on, the driving force control processing and the side-slip control processing are in the non-operation states. Since the execution state signal SS is maintained at the logical value of " 0 " and it becomes impossible to perform the determination of the road surface situation in the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure in Fig. 7, the routine shown in Fig. 7 goes to the step SS4 upon the determination at the step SS5 that the functional off switch SW_OF is turned on. At this time, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "1 " and the preceding vehicle follow-up run control processing shown in Fig. 8 is inhibited (disabled).

0192Hence, the accurate inhibit for the start of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control under the impossible condition of the road surface situation can be made. The preceding vehicle follow-up run control is permitted (enabled) only when the accurate determination of the road surface situation can be made. Thus, a safe driving of the vehicle in which the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus is installed can be assured.

0193Furthermore, when the ignition switch SWIG is turned off with the vehicle stopped under the continued preceding vehicle follow-up run control, the power supplied to the normally open contact s1 of the relay circuit 22 of the main switch SWM from the battery B is interrupted so that the power supply to the relay coll RL is interrupted. Hence, the self-hold function is released so that the main switch SWM is turned off.

0194This off state causes the ignition switch SWIG to be turned in the off state again and, thereafter, this off state on the main switch SWM is continued until the change-over-switch 21 A is operated in the on position.

(Fourth Embodiment)

0195Figs. 10 and 11 show the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure and the preceding vehicle follow-up run control procedure executed in a fourth embodiment of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus not according to the present invention.

0196In the fourth embodiment, the functional off switch SW_OF with respect to the vehicular state controller 19 is turned on and the vehicular state controller 19 indicates the non-operation states on the driving force control processing and the side-slip control processing. In this case, the functional off switch SW_OF is invalidated (disabled) when the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is to be started so that both of the driving force control processing and the side-slip control processing is forcefully started to run.

0197In the fourth embodiment, to the preceding vehicle follow-up run control processing executed by the preceding vehicle follow-up run controller 20, as shown in Fig. 10, a process such that the forceful execution flag FON representing the forceful start of both the driving force control and the side-slip control at the step SS2 is reset to "0" to release the forceful start of execution in both the driving force control and the side-slip control is added into the step SS2 in Fig. 7 as a step SSS2.

0198In addition, if there is no request by the vehicular driver to perform the preceding vehicle follow-up run control according to the result of determination at a step SSS3 (corresponding to the step SS3 in Fig. 7), the routine of Fig. 10 goes to a step SSS41 in which the forceful execution flag FON is forcefully released (reset) to "0" and goes to the step SSS4 (corresponding to the step SS4). At the step SSS4, FF = "1".

0199If the road surface situation dependent vehicular run (state) control processing indicates the non-operation state at the step SSS5 (corresponding to the step SS5) (Yes), the routine of Fig. 10 goes to the step SSS42 in which the forceful execution flag FON is set to "1".

0200The other steps those shown in Fig. 10 are the same as those described in the third embodiment with reference to Fig. 7. The triple S in Fig. 10 correspond to double S. The detailed description thereof will herein be omitted.

0201In addition, the road surface situation dependent vehicular state control processing in the road surface situation dependent vehicular state controller (vehicular state controller) 19 will be described with reference to Fig. 11.

0202As shown in Fig. 11, when the result of determination at the step SSS2 (corresponding to the step SS32) in Fig. 9 in the third embodiment indicates that the switch signal S_OF of the functional off switch SW_OF is in the on state, the routine goes to a step SSS43. If the result of determination at the step SSS43 indicates that the forceful execution flag FON is set to "1", the routine goes to the step SSS33 without function off. If the forceful execution flag FON is reset to "0", the same processing as described in Fig. 9 is carried out, viz., the timer interrupt routine of Fig. 11 is ended. The step SSS31 corresponds to the step SS31. The steps SSS33 correspond to the step SS33. The step SSS34 correspond to the step SS34.

0203The step SS42 in Fig. 10 and the step SSS43 in Fig. 11 correspond to the forceful operation recovery setting means.

(Fifth Embodiment)

0204Fig. 10 shows the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure executed in a fifth embodiment of the automatic vehicular velocity controlling apparatus, according to the present invention.

0205In the fifth embodiment, when there is the request by the vehicular driver to start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control, the vehicular driver is informed that the driving force control procedure and the side-slip control procedure are in the non-operation states. Hence, the determination of whether the preceding vehicle follow-up run control should be started or not is based on the vehicular driver's decision.

0206In the fifth embodiment, the preceding vehicle follow-up run controller 20 is modified as shown in Fig. 12 from that described in the third embodiment shown in Fig. 7.

0207That is to say, in Fig. 12, if the result of determination at the step SSSS5 indicates that the road surface situation dependent vehicular run control processing including the side-slip control processing is in an non-operation state, the routine goes to a step SSSS51. At the step SSSS51, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines whether a continuation confirmation flag FC, the flag FC representing whether the vehicular driver has selected one of two selections, viz., either one of which the preceding vehicle follow-up run control should be continued or not, is set to "1". If the continuation confirmation flag FC need to be reset to "0 " (No) at the step SSSS51, the routine goes to a step SSSS52.

0208At the step SSSS52, the CPU of the controller 20 determines whether an information execution flag FI is set to "1", the information execution flag FI representing whether the information execution such that the vehicular driver is informed that the road situation dependent vehicular run control processing is in the non-operation state. If the information execution flag FI is set to "1" (yes), the routine goes to the step SSSS4 in which FF = "1".

0209If the information execution flag FI is reset to "0" at a step SSSS52 (No), the routine then goes to a step SSSS53 in which the information execution flag Fl is set to "1" (Fl = "1").

0210Then, the routine goes to a step SSSS54.

0211At the step SSSS54, the information processing such that the vehicular driver is informed that the road surface situation dependent vehicular run control processing including the driving force control processing is in the non-operation state. Then, the routine goes to a step SSSS5S.

0212At the step SSSS55, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines whether the confirmation operation has been carried out by the vehicular driver upon the receipt of the informing process described above.

0213If the confirmation operation is present (Yes) at the step SSSS55, the routine goes to a step SSSS56 in which FC = "1".

0214At the step SSSS56, the continuation confirmation flag FC is set to "1" and the routine goes to a step SSSS6. If there is no confirmation operation by the vehicular driver (No) at the step SSSS55, the routine goes to the step SSSS4 (FF = "1").

0215The steps SSSS6, SSSS7, SSSS8, and SSSS9 shown in Fig. 12 correspond to the steps SSS6, SSS7, SSS8, and SSS9 shown in Fig. 10.

0216It is noted that the information processing method such that the road surface situation dependent vehicular state control processing is in the non-operation state at the step SSSS54 in Fig. 12 includes the use of the A/V system having, e.g., the liquid crystal display of a touch panel.

0217That is to say, such the message that DRIVING FORCE CONTROL/SIDE-SLIP CONTROL OPERATION HISTORY IS PRESENT: confirm the road surface situation " is displayed on the image screen of the liquid crystal display.

0218At the step SSSS55 of Fig. 12, the setting confirmation button and canceling confirmation button are displayed on the image screen corresponding to the touch panel. When the setting confirmation button is selected, the routine of Fig. 12 goes to the step SSSS56. If the canceling confirmation button is selected, the routine of Fig. 12 goes to the step SSSS4.

0219The steps SSSS51 through SSSS56 correspond to control continuation means.

0220In the fifth embodiment, with all of the preceding vehicle follow-up vehicular run control inhibit flag FF, the operation history flag FT, the continuation confirmation flag FC, and information execution flag FI reset to "0", the main switch SWM and the set switch SWS are turned on. In this state when there is the request by the vehicular driver to start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control, the routine of Fig. 12 goes to the step SSSS5 from the step SSSS3.

0221At this time, when the functional off switch SW_OF for the vehicular state controller 19 is turned off, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control processing shown in Fig. 8 is started in the same manner as described in the third embodiment. However, if the functional off switch SW_OF is turned on with its switch signal S_OF turned on, the routine of Fig. 12 goes to the step SSSS51. Since the continuation confirmation flag FC is reset to "0", at this time, at the step SSSS51, the routine branches to the step SSSS53 in which the information execution flag FI is set to "1 ".

0222Then, the routine goes to the step SSSS54 in which the informing process such that the vehicular driver is informed that the road surface situation dependent vehicular state (run) control processing is in the non-operation state is carried out. Then, if, at the next step SSSS55, the vehicular driver is determined to have the intention to start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control at the step SSSS5, the continuation confirmation flag FC is set to "1" at the step SSSS56.

0223Then, the routine goes to the step SSSS6.

0224Thereafter, the same processing as those in the third embodiment are carried out to start the preceding vehicle follow-up run control shown in Fig. 8.

0225As described above, when the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is started according to the vehicular driver's own decision with the road surface situation dependent vehicular run control processing in the non-operation state under the state in which the determination on the road surface situation is not enabled to be made.

0226The continuation confirmation flag FC is set to "1". In the processing of Fig. 12, the routine goes from the step SSSS5 to the step SSSS6 via the step SSSS51 so that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is continued and the road surface vehicular run control processing is in the non-operation state.

0227In order to halt the preceding vehicle follow-up run control, the main switch SWM is operated in the off position so that once the routine goes to the step SSSS2 and all of the flags FF, FT, FC, and FI are reset to zero and the routine goes via the step SSSS3 to the step SSSS4 in which the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is inhibited with the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF being set to "1". Next, if the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure shown in Fig. 12 is executed, the routine goes from the step SSSS5 to the step SSSS4 via the steps SSSS51 and SSSS52. Since the proceeding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is continued to be set to "1", the vehicular driver is not again informed that the road surface situation dependent vehicular run control processing is in the non-operation state.

0228As described above, in the fifth embodiment, if both of the driving force control processing and the side-slip control processing are in the non-operation states and the determination of the road surface state cannot be made by the preceding vehicle follow-up run controller 20, the vehicular driver can determine himself the road surface situation and can start or halt the preceding vehicle follow-up run control according to his decision. Hence, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control can be performed, the vehicular driver being aware of the vehicular run on the low frictional coefficient road surface. Consequently, an executable allowance range of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control can be widened.

0229The alternatives of the second embodiment described above can apply equally well to those of the fifth preferred embodiment.

(Alternatives)

0230In each embodiment described above, the target value D* of the inter-vehicle distance is calculated and the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration is calculated by the comparison of the target value D* of the inter-vehicle distance with the target value G* of the vehicular acceleration/deceleration.

0231However, the target vehicular velocity V*(n) may be determined on the basis of the actual value of the inter-vehicle distance D(n) so that the time duration To (inter-vehicle time duration) for which the vehicle has reached to Lo (m) behind the preceding vehicle becomes constant.

0232The engine output value α may be calculated on the basis of a deviation ΔV(n) between the target vehicular velocity V*(n) and the actual vehicular velocity V (n). If α > 0, the engine 2 may be controlled to provide the acceleration for the vehicle on the basis of the value of α. If α < 0, the target braking pressure PB* may be set through a PD (proportional-differential) control mode or a PID(proportional-integral-differential) control mode on the basis of the velocity deviation ΔV(n).

0233Furthermore, in each embodiment, the estimated vehicular body velocity Vc may be calculated on the basis of the wheel velocities of four road wheels. However, the vehicular body velocity Vc may be calculated from an average value of the wheel velocities of the non-driven road wheels, or alternatively may be calculated by detecting a revolution velocity of an output shaft of the vehicular automatic transmission 3, or may be calculated by integrating the longitudinal acceleration.

0234In each embodiment, the CPU of the vehicular run controller 20 determines that the vehicle is running on the low frictional coefficient road surface when the vehicular run controller 19 executes the driving force control or the side-slip control.

0235However, the road surface condition (road surface situation) may be detected on the basis of a difference in the revolution velocity or a difference in the revolution number between the front and rear road wheels 1FL and 1RL and 1FR and 1 RR, those being used as parameters in the driving force control.

0236In each embodiment, the side-slip control procedure executed in the vehicular state controller 19 calculates the side-slip angle and controls so that the calculated side-slip angle is made coincident with the target value of the side-slip angle.

0237However, a target yaw rate may be calculated on the basis of the steering angular displacement θ detected by the steering angle sensor 16 and the braking force may be controlled so that the yaw rate ψ detected by means of the yaw rate sensor 14 is made coincident with the calculated target yaw rate.

0238In each embodiment, the two separate controllers 19 and 20 are used.

0239However, a single controller may execute all of the driving force control (traction control and the anti-lock brake control are inclusive), the side-slip control, and the preceding vehicle follow-up run control. Hence, a control function defined in the claims corresponds to that the vehicular run controller 20 has in the case of the two separate controllers as in each embodiment and another control function defined in the claims corresponds to that the vehicular state controller 19 has in the case of the two separate controllers as in each embodiment.

0240In each embodiment described above, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure manages if the preceding vehicle follow-up run control should be executed or not. However, these two procedures may be integrated to form a single processing routine.

0241In each embodiment, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control processing is activated according to the preceding vehicle follow-up run control managing procedure. However, the preceding vehicle follow-up run control processing may be executed in response to the measured time by the timer as the timer interrupt routine.

0242Upon completion of the timer interrupt processing after the process of the step S21 is ended, the routine may be returned to the processing of Fig. 2.

0243In this case, if the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is set to "1", the timer interrupt processing is ended via the steps S20 and S21. Only if the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit flag FF is at "0", the preceding vehicle follow-up run control described in the steps S20 through S31 is carried out at the steps S22 through S31.

0244In each embodiment, two of the main switch SWM and set switch SWS are applied, either one of these two switches may be omitted.

0245In each embodiment, the start of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is started when the vehicular velocity is equal to or higher than the set lower limit value Vs.

0246The control start condition may be the case when either one of the main switch SWM or the set switch SWS is turned on. In this case, a monitoring time interval may be provided for which the execution state of the driving force control and/or side-slip control is maintained while either the vehicle runs at a predetermined distance or a predetermined time has passed from a time at which the vehicle has started, either one of the two switches is changed from the off state to the on state, and control is transferred to the preceding vehicle follow-up run control inhibit state during the preceding vehicle follow-up run control execution.

0247It is preferable that the preceding vehicle follow-up run control is started after the monitoring time interval has passed in order to prevent an unintentional start of the preceding vehicle follow-up run control.

0248In each of the third to fifth embodiments, the operation states and the non-operation states of the driving force control procedure and the side-slip control procedure are determined on the basis of the state change in the functional off switch SWOF.

0249However, a control signal indicating that neither the driving force control procedure nor the side-slip control procedure is in the operation states (both control procedures are in the non-operation states) may be outputted from the vehicular state controller 19 to the vehicular run controller 20.

0250In this case, it is also possible for the vehicular driver to be informed that a fail-safe procedure operated if each sensor or internal control procedure is operated abnormally or the hardware structure or any one or more of the sensors or hardware structure in the vehicular state controller 19 occurs causes the driving force control procedure and the side-slip control to be in the non-operation states.

0251In each embodiment, the automatic transmission 3 is disposed on the output side of the engine 2. However, a continuously variable transmission (CVT) may be disposed on the output side of the engine.

0252In each embodiment, the present invention is applicable to the rear-wheel-drive vehicle.

0253However, the present invention is applicable to a front-wheel-drive vehicle or a four-wheel-drive (4WD) vehicle. Or alternatively, the present invention is applicable to an electric vehicle to which an electric motor is applied in place of the engine 2. Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to a hybrid vehicle in which both of the engine and the motor are used together as a prime mover. In this case, an electric motor controller may be applied in place of the engine output controller.

0254It is noted that the side-slip control is exemplified by United States Patent No. 5,893,896 issued on April 13, 1999, as vehicular stability controlling apparatus and method which corresponding to JP-A-9 315 277 published 9.12.1997.

0255It is also noted that the traction control (TCS) is exemplified by United States Patent No. 5,566,776 issued on October 22, 1996.