Docking station with wireless interface

<u>Background</u>

0001The present invention concerns docking stations for portable computers.

0002Generally a portable computer, such as a notebook computer, a laptop computer or a palm top computer, is optimized to reduce size and weight. This often requires tradeoffs, for example, in the size of the display and keyboard, as well as the number and types of ports which are implemented.

0003One way to increase the versatility of portable computers is to provide for a docking station. The docking station when connected to a portable computer provides for a number of different types of ports. These ports are used, for example, to drive a large monitor, communicate with various peripherals provide connection to a network, and so on. See for example, USPN 5,283,714 issued to Collins Tsai, et al, for "Docking Apparatus for a Portable Computer."

0004The docking station may reside in a permanent location with ports connected to various devices. When "at the office" a user can take advantage of the power of a full desktop computer by connecting the portable computer to the docking station. When "on the road" the user has the advantage of a light weight and small sized personal computer.

0005Docking stations, while useful, have several significant drawbacks. For example, they are generally bulky mechanical devices that consume desktop space. They require costly mechanical and electrical interconnects. They are difficult to develop electrically due to electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements beyond the requirements of portable computers. In addition, each time there is a change in the physical dimensions of a successive generation of portable computers, it is generally necessary to utilize a new docking station which is designed specifically to interact with the new generation of portable computers.

<u>Summary of the Invention</u>

0006In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a docking station for a portable computer is presented. The portable computer is, for example, a notebook computer, a laptop computer or a palm top computer. The docking station includes a wireless transceiver for wireless communication with the portable computer. The docking station also includes a plurality of ports. Each port includes a physical connector for connection to, for example, one or more peripheral devices, a network or a monitor. A translation manager within the docking station manages translation of information transferred between the wireless transceiver and the plurality of ports.

0007The translation manager includes, for example, a protocol manager and a port generator. The protocol manager extracts data intended for the plurality of ports from wireless communication received by the wireless transceiver. The port generator generates control and data signals for the plurality of ports from the data extracted by the protocol manager.

0008For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, the docking station includes a port for an input/output bus interface. The translation manager includes a bus generator which generates control and data signals for the input/output bus interface.

0009In various embodiments of the present invention, the wireless transceiver transmits and receives infrared signals. Alternatively, other media may be used such as optical fibers, radio signals or some other wireless media.

0010The wireless communication may be established between the docking station and the portable computer in a variety of ways. For example, an optical cable may be used to connect the docking station to the portable computer. Alternatively, the docking station may include a flat pad on which is placed the portable computer. In one embodiment, the flat pad includes both an infrared transceiver and a low profile inductor. The low profile inductor is used to provide power to the portable computer.

0011In order to facilitate wireless communication with the docking station, the portable computer includes, for example a virtual port generating process which communicates with the operating system programs and application programs executing on the personal computer through a plurality of virtual ports. A translation manager on the portable computer manages translation of information transferred between a wireless transceiver and the plurality of virtual ports.

0012The present invention allows for efficient connection between a portable computer and a docking station. Mechanical connection parts are minimized or eliminated, depending upon the selected embodiment. The present invention significantly reduces the EMC issues in designing a docking station. It is anticipated the present invention will allow for a longer life cycle for docking stations as it will not be necessary to develop a new docking station every time the shape of a personal computer is changed. Additionally, because of the simplified connection scheme, personal computers of a variety of shapes and sizes can utilize a single docking station.

<u>Brief Description of the Drawings</u>

0013Figure 1 shows a block diagram for a docking station which provides for wireless communication with a portable computer in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0014Figure 2 is a block diagram of components within the portable computer shown in Figure 1 which implement wireless communication with the docking station also shown in Figure 1 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0015Figure 3 shows a wireless communication port which allows wireless communication with a docking station in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0016Figure 4 and Figure 5 show a docking station and a portable computer being placed for wireless communication in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0017Figure 6 shows a docking station and a portable computer communicating using an optical fiber in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0018Figure 7 shows a docking station and a portable computer communicating using wireless communication and an optical fiber in accordance with another alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0019Figure 8 and Figure 9 show a docking station used for wireless communication in accordance with an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0020Figure 10 is a simplified block diagram of a protocol manager in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0021Figure 11 is a simplified block diagram of a packet in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

0022Figure 12 shows a docking station used for wireless communication in accordance with another alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention.

<u>Description of the Preferred Embodiment</u>

0023Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a docking station 62 which provides for wireless communication with a portable computer 61. A wireless transceiver 63 within portable computer 61 communicates with a wireless transceiver 64 within docking station 62. For example, communication is done using an Infrared Data Association (IrDA) standard infrared data link or some other protocol for optical communication. Alternate to optical transmission, other transmission media may be used. For example, radio frequency transmissions or other wireless transmission technology may be used in place of optical transmission.

0024Within docking station 62, wireless transceiver 64 communicates with a protocol manager 65. Protocol manager 65 extracts information received from wireless transceiver 64 and separates information intended for different ports/busses. Information intended for various ports are forwarded to port generator 66. Port generator 66 generates control signals and data signals for a port 68, a port 69, a port 70, a port 71 and a port 72. Ports 68 through 72 are illustrative and may include, for example, one or more serial ports, parallel ports, PS/2 ports, universal serial bus (USB) ports, or some other combination of standard or non-standard ports used in conjunction with a personal computer.

0025Information from wireless transceiver 64 intended for an input/output (I/O) bus are forwarded to a bus generator 67. Bus generator 67 generates control signals and data signals for an input/output (I/O) bus. The I/O bus may operate, for example, in accordance with a SCSI protocol, a PCI protocol or some other standard or non-standard I/O bus protocol.

0026Port generator 66 also receives control signals and data signals from port 68, port 69, port 70, port 71 and port 72 and forwards these to protocol manager 65. Likewise, bus generator 67 receives control signals and data signals from the I/O bus and forwards these to protocol manager 65. Protocol manager 65 combines the received information into the selected wireless communication protocol and forwards the resulting data to wireless transceiver 64 for transmission to portable computer 61.

0027Figure 2 shows components within portable computer 61 which implement wireless communication with docking station 62. Operating system and application software 77, executing on hardware within portable computer 61, read data from and write data to various virtual ports and/or I/O buses. These are represented in Figure 2 by a virtual port 78, a virtual port 79, a virtual port 80, a virtual port 81, a virtual port 82 and a virtual bus 83. A virtual port/generator 76 receives control signals and data signals from virtual port 78, virtual port 79, virtual port 80, virtual port 81, virtual port 82 and virtual bus 83 and forwards these to a protocol manager 75. Protocol manager 75 combines information into the selected wireless communication protocol and forwards the resulting data to wireless transceiver 63 for transmission to docking station 62.

0028For information received from docking station 62, protocol manager 75 extracts information received at wireless transceiver 63 and separates information intended for different virtual ports/busses. Virtual port/bus generator 76 generates data for virtual port 78, virtual port 79, virtual port 80, virtual port 81, virtual port 82 and virtual bus 83. The data sent to virtual port 78, virtual port 79, virtual port 80, virtual port 81, virtual port 82 and virtual bus 83 is then utilized by operating system and application software 77.

0029Figures 3 through 7 illustrate various physical implementations of systems which utilize wireless communication between a portable computer and a docking station. For example, Figure 3 shows a portable computer 11 which includes an infrared communication port 13 on a back panel 12. Back panel 12 may include other ports usable by portable computer 11 when portable computer 12 is not connected to a docking station. For example, a telephone port 14 is shown in Figure 3. A power jack 15 is also shown.

0030As shown in Figure 4, portable computer 11 may be placed next to a docking station 21 in order to establish communication between portable computer 11 and docking station 21. A guide 23 and a guide 24 are situated so that infrared communication port 13 on back panel 12 (shown in Figure 3) of portable computer 11 is lined up with infrared communication port 22 of docking station 21. Optionally guides 23 and 24 can be omitted.

0031Figure 5 shows a back side of docking station 21 which includes, for various ports, a physical connector 31, a physical connector 32, a physical connector 33, a physical connector 34, a physical connector 35 and a physical connector 36. A physical connector 37 for power is also shown.

0032Figure 6 shows another embodiment in which a portable computer 40 is connected to a docking station 41 by a cable 48. Cable 48 includes for example optical fibers. In addition, cable 48 may include a power line (DC or AC). Cable 48 connects to a single connect point on portable computer 40. Docking station 41 includes, for various ports, a physical connector 42, a physical connector 43, a physical connector 44, a physical connector 45 , a physical connector 46 and a physical connector 47.

0033Alternative to use of a physical connector, there are other ways portable computer 40 may be connected to docking station 41. For example, Figure 7 shows a flat pad 51 which may be placed beneath portable computer 40. Power is inductively coupled to portable computer 40 via a low profile inductor 52 within flat pad 51. Wireless contact is achieved via an infrared transceiver 53 in flat pad 51. This requires that an infrared transceiver be appropriately placed in the bottom of portable computer 40 or near back edge of flat pad 51. Physical alignment is achieved using alignment indentations 54 and 55 within flat pad 51.

0034Optionally, infrared transceiver 53 may include a large enough array of optical fibers so that a communication link may be established between flat pad 51 and portable computer 40 for a large alignment range. This is done, for example, by spreading the fibers at flat pad 51 into a wide pattern. Alternatively, if desired, logical alignment could be used over the large alignment range. Logical alignment is accomplished, for example, by interrogating the array of receiving fibers in infrared transceiver 53 to determine which receptors are receiving transmission from portable computer 40. This would determine which transmitting and receiving fibers are used by infrared transceiver 53 to communicate with portable computer 40.

0035An alternate embodiment has been contemplated where portable computer 11 is not placed next to docking station 21, but instead is a fixed or variable distance away from docking station 21. This fixed or variable distance normally provides for portable computer 11 and docking station 21 to be from several inches to several feet away from each other. If distances at the high end of this range are desirable, radio frequency transmission technology will be preferred over infrared transmission technology. An example of use of this alternate embodiment is in a typical office or cubicle, where the user has a docking station tucked out of the way in the rear corner of his desk (or even under his desk), where the docking station is communicating with a portable computer a few feet away on the front of the user's desk.

0036Alternatively, flat pad 51 may be connected to portable computer 40 through an optical cable as described above.

0037In one embodiment of the present invention, security is accomplished by sounding an alarm or transmitting a security breach signal to a remote receiver when portable computer 40 is removed from flat pad 51.

0038Also, in another alternate embodiment, flat pad 51 is actually built info a work surface. Communication is established between portable computer 40 and flat pad 51 by placement of portable computer 40 on the work station at the location of flat pad 51.

0039As shown in Figure 7, flat pad 51 is connected to docking station 41 by a cable 58. Cable 58 includes for example optical fibers. In addition, cable 58 may include a power line (DC). Physical connectors 42-47 for various ports are included in docking station 41. Alternatively, docking station 41 may be implemented within flat pad 51 so that the physical connections for the various ports are placed at, for example, a rear end of flat pad 51.

0040Figure 8 shows a docking station 121 for portable computer 11. Portable computer 11 may be placed next to a docking station 121 in order to establish communication between portable computer 11 and docking station 121. As long as infrared communication port 13 on back panel 12 (shown in Figure 3) of portable computer 11 is lined up somewhere within window 122 of docking station 121 communication can be established between portable computer 11 and docking station 121.

0041An alternate embodiment has been contemplated where portable computer 11 is not placed next to docking station 21, but instead is a fixed or variable distance away from docking station 21. This fixed or variable distance normally provides for portable computer 11 and docking station 21 to be from several inches to several feet away from each other. If distances at the high end of this range are desirable, radio frequency transmission technology will be preferred over infrared transmission technology. An example of use of this alternate embodiment is in a typical office or cubicle, where the user has a docking station tucked out of the way in the rear corner of his desk (or even under his desk), where the docking station is communicating with a portable computer a few feet away on the front of the user's desk.

0042Figure 9 shows a top view of pertinent features inside docking station 121. A reflective surface 123 of docking station 121 is shaped and positioned to allow outgoing IR signals from an IR transceiver 124 to be reflected out of window 122. For example, reflective surface 123 is parabolically shaped. Reflective surface 123 also reflects incoming signals through window 122 to IR transceiver 124. Icons 125,126 and 127 represent various positions into which infrared communication port 13 on back panel 12 (shown in Figure 3) of portable computer 11 may be aligned in order to allow for the establishment of communication between portable computer 11 and docking station 121.

0043The large size of window 122 allows docking station 121 to work with various units where the IR port is physically located at different locations. This also allows different versions of different products where the location of an IR port is moved to continue to be compatible with docking station 121. Also, as is clear, the large size of window 122 assures that alignment of docking station 121 to portable computer 11 in order to establish communication.

0044Figure 10 is a simplified block diagram of protocol manager 65. Protocol manager includes a link manager 131. Link manager 131 performs all of the tasks associated with the communication link between wireless transceiver 64 and wireless transceiver 63 (wireless transceiver 64 and wireless transceiver 63 are shown in Figure 1). Link manager 131 controls how devices are identified, how connections are set up between wireless transceivers and how disconnect is handled gracefully.

0045Error detection and correction block 132 monitors data traveling to and from wireless transceiver 64 verifying the integrity of the data and when appropriate requesting a re-transmission of the data. This includes, for example appending additional checksums or other correction bytes to data packets that traverse the link between wireless transceiver 63 and wireless transceiver 64 so that the protocol manager for the unit receiving can detect if a transmission error has occurred.

0046Data gathering and distribution block 133 is responsible for distributing data received by wireless transceiver 64 to the various ports, and for assembling data gathered from various ports for transmission by wireless transceiver 64.

0047Figure 11 is a simplified block diagram of a data packet 148 transmitted between wireless transceiver 63 and wireless transceiver 64. A header 141 includes a checksum and other packet identification information. A port identification number 142 specifies the port type, data length and additional information pertaining to port data 143. A port identification number 144 specifies the port type, data length and additional information pertaining to port data 145. A port identification number 146 specifies the port type, data length and additional information pertaining to port data 147.

0048Figure 12 shows a docking station 151 for portable computer 11. Portable computer 11 may be placed next to a docking station 151 in order to establish communication between portable computer 11 and docking station 151. As long as infrared communication port 13 on back panel 15 (shown in Figure 3) of portable computer 11 is lined up somewhere within window 152 of docking station 151 communication can be established between portable computer 11 and docking station 151.

0049An alternate embodiment has been contemplated where portable computer 11 is not placed next to docking station 21, but instead is a fixed or variable distance away from docking station 21. This fixed or variable distance normally provides for portable computer 11 and docking station 21 to be from several inches to several feet away from each other. If distances at the high end of this range are desirable, radio frequency transmission technology will be preferred over infrared transmission technology. An example of use of this alternate embodiment is in a typical office or cubicle, where the user has a docking station tucked out of the way in the rear corner of his desk (or even under his desk), where the docking station is communicating with a portable computer a few feet away on the front of the user's desk.

0050As may be seen from Figure 12, window 152 extends to an area wider than back panel 15 of portable computer 11. This allows docking station 151 to capture and reflect IR signals from a source other than portable computer 11, even when portable computer 11 is docked with docking station 151. This allows docking station 151 to interact with other devices, for example, a handheld controller or other device, even when portable computer 11 is docked to docking station 151. For example, shows a handheld device 153 able to communicate with docking station 151 even when portable computer 11 is docked to docking station 151.

0051In addition, the extended window 152 enhances and extends the use of the IR port capabilities of portable computer 11 since IR information forwarded to docking station 151 by other devices can be forwarded by docking station 151 to portable computer 11. This allows for portable computer 11 to have IR communication capability with external devices, such as printers, handheld controllers and so on even when portable computer 11 is docked to docking station 151. Further, this IR communication capability is available without the necessity of adding an additional IR port to the front of portable computer 11.

0052The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary methods and embodiments of the present invention. As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope or essential characteristics thereof.