Reaction solution for ink jet recording method using two liquids

0001The present invention relates to an ink jet recording method wherein both a reaction solution and an ink composition are deposited onto a recording medium and also relates to the reaction solution used in the ink jet recording method.

0002An ink jet recording method is a printing method wherein droplets of an ink composition are ejected and deposited onto a recording medium such as paper. This method has a feature that an image having a high resolution and a high quality can be realized at a high speed with a relatively inexpensive apparatus. In general, the ink composition used in the ink jet recording method comprises water as a main component and, added thereto, a colorant and a wetting agent such as glycerin added for prevention of clogging and other purposes.

0003On the other hand, a new ink jet recording method has been recently proposed. The new method comprises applying a polyvalent metal salt solution onto a recording medium and then applying an ink composition containing a dye having at least one carboxyl group (e.g., Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 202328/1993). According to this method, polyvalent metal ions combine with the dye to form an insoluble composite which can provide an image having water resistance and a high quality free from color bleeding.

0004Further, an ink jet recording method has been proposed wherein a color ink containing at least a surfactant or a penetrable solvent and a salt for imparting a penetrating property is used in combination with a black ink which cooperates with the salt to cause thickening or coagulation, thereby providing a hign-quality color image having a high image density and free from color bleeding (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 106735/1994). More specifically, in this method, two liquids, i.e., a first liquid containing a salt and a second liquid of an ink composition, are printed to provide a good image.

0005Furthermore, other ink jet recording methods wherein two liquids are printed have been proposed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 240557/1991 and No. 240558/1991.

0006EP-A-0588316 discloses an ink-jet recording process which comprises using at least color inks of yellow, magenta and cyan colors and a black ink, and ejecting out the inks on a recording material to record a color image on the recording material, wherein the color inks contain a penetrability-imparting surfactant and/or a penetrable solvent, and the black ink contains a pigment as a coloring material.

0007GB-A-2134129 discloses an ink-jet recording method for recording images on a recording medium in which an aqueous ink is applied to a recording medium containing a water-soluble salt of a polyvalent metal, an alkylamine salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, a compound containing two or more amino groups, a compound containing two or more amido groups, or a basic polymeric material.

0008GB-A-2155815 discloses a method of ink jet printing which comprises ink jet printing an ink onto a recording sheet comprising a base material having a surface recording layer containing a surface active agent, which suface active agent, on contact with the ink, does not form a material insoluble in the solvent of the ink. The surface recording layer may contain a polyvalent metal salt.

0009EP-A-0280650 discloses a recording medium for ink jet printing containing a specific benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorbant.

0010EP-A-0673782 discloses a recording sheet which comprises a substrate, for example formed of paper or a transparent polymeric material, and an additive material selected from the group consisting of pyrrole compounds, pyrrolidine compounds, pyridine compounds, piperidine compounds, homopiperidine compounds, quinoline compounds, isoquinoline compounds, quinuclidine compounds, indole compounds, indazole compounds, and mixtures thereof. The recording sheet may further contain a binder, an antistatic agent, a biocide, and/or a filler.

0011EP-A-0674232 discloses a recording sheet which comprises (a) a substrate; (b) a coating on the substrate which comprises (i) a binder selected from the group consisting of (A) copolymers of styrene and at least one other monomer; (B) copolymers of acrylic monomers and at least one other monomer; and (C) mixtures thereof; and (ii) an additive having a melting point of less than about 65°C and a boiling point of more than about 150°C and selected from the group consisting of diphenyl compounds; phenyl alkanes; indan compounds; benzene derivatives; benzyl alcohols; phenyl alcohols; menthol; aromatic amines; and mixtures thereof; (c) an optional filler; (d) an optional antistatic agent; and (e) an optional biocide. The filler may be a polyvalent metal salt. EP-A-586079 relates to a method for controlling color bleed in multi-color thermal ink jet printing systems by adding a precipitating agent, such as a polyvalent metal salt, to at least one of the ink compositions. Said precipitating agent is designed to react with the coloring agent in the other ink composition. EP-A- 761783, which is a prior art reference according to Article 54(3) EPC for all designated contracting states, is directed to an ink jet recording method, wherein a reaction solution containing a polyvalent metal salt and optionally additives, which may also be added to an ink composition, and an ink composition are deposited onto a recording medium. EP-A- 778321, which is a prior art reference according to Article 54(3) EPC for the designated contracting states CH, DE, FR, GB, IT and LI, discloses an ink jet recording method comprising the steps of coating an aqueous solution containing a polyvalent metal salt onto a recording medium; and conducting recording using an ink set comprising at least a cyan ink, a magenta ink and a yellow ink on the coated recording medium. Said aqueous solution may further contain a high-boiling solvent.

0012The present inventors have now found that the presence of a particular compound in a reaction solution containing a polyvalent metal salt for use in ink jet recording involving the step of printing of two liquids results in improved storage stability of the reaction solution, improved printing stability, and, in addition, can offer an image having improved quality. The present invention has been made based on such finding.

0013Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a good reaction solution for use in ink jet recording involving the step of printing of two liquids.

0014Another object of the present invention is to provide an ink jet recording method, involving the step of printing of two liquids, which does not cause clogging and can realize a good printed image. Said objects are attained by the transparent reaction solution, the ink jet recording methods, the printed record and the use defined in the attached claims. <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an ink jet recording apparatus used in the present invention, wherein a recording head is provided separately from an ink tank to feed an ink composition and a reaction solution into a recording head through an ink tube;</li><li>Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing the surface of nozzles for a recording head, wherein reference character 1 b designates the surface of a nozzle for a reaction solution and 1c the surface of a nozzle for an ink composition;</li><li>Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating ink jet recording using the recording head shown in Fig. 2, wherein numeral 31 designates a region where a reaction solution has been deposited and numeral 32 a printed region where an ink composition has been printed on the deposited reaction solution;</li><li>Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a recording head used in the present invention, wherein all ejection nozzles are arranged in lateral direction;</li><li>Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of an ink jet recording apparatus used in the present invention, wherein a recording head is integral with an ink tank; and</li><li>Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of an ink jet recording apparatus used in the present invention, wherein a heater is provided to heat a recording medium after printing.</li></ul>

0015The ink jet recording method according to the present invention comprises the step of printing a transparent reaction solution and an ink composition on a recording medium.

0016The transparent reaction solution and the ink composition may be applied on a recording medium in any sequence. Specifically, any of the following methods may be suitably used: a method wherein a transparent reaction solution is deposited onto a recording medium followed by deposition of an ink composition onto the recording medium with the transparent reaction solution deposited thereon, a method wherein an ink composition is printed followed by deposition of the transparent reaction solution, and a method wherein a transparent reaction solution and an ink composition are mixed together immediately before or immediately after ejection thereof.

0017According to the ink jet recording method of the present invention, good printing can be realized by bringing à transparent reaction solution into contact with an ink composition. Although the present invention is not intended to be bound by the following hypothesis, the reason why good printing can be achieved by the present invention is believed as follows. Upon contact of the transparent reaction solution with the ink composition, the polyvalent metal ion contained in the transparent reaction solution breaks the state of dispersion of a colorant and other ingredients, resulting in agglomeration of these ingredients. The agglomerates are deposited onto the recording medium, and thus an image having high color density and free from feathering and uneven printing could be realized. Further, in a color image, uneven color mixing in boundaries of different colors, that is, color bleeding, can also be advantageously prevented.

0018The deposition of the reaction solution onto the recording medium may be carried out by any of an embodiment where the transparent reaction solution is selectively deposited on only an area where the ink composition is to be deposited and an embodiment where the transparent reaction solution is deposited on the whole surface of paper. The former embodiment can minimize the consumption of the transparent reaction solution and, hence, is cost-effective. In this embodiment, however, an accuracy is required to some extent with respect to the position where both the transparent reaction solution and the ink composition are deposited. On the other hand, for the latter embodiment, the requirement for the accuracy of the position where the transparent reaction solution and the ink composition are deposited is relaxed as compared with the former embodiment. In this embodiment, however, since the transparent reaction solution is deposited in a large amount on the whole surface of paper, the paper is likely to cause curling during drying. For the above reason, the selection of the embodiment may be determined by taking a combination of the ink composition with the transparent reaction solution into consideration. In the case of the former embodiment, the deposition of the transparent reaction solution can be performed by ink jet recording.

0019The transparent reaction solution used in the present invention basically comprises at least a polyvalent metallic salt and a component selected from the group consisting of a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic compound containing at least one nitrogen atom, an optionally alkyl-substituted amide derivative, thiodiglycol, ammonia, a primary, secondary or tertiary amine containing a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, a cyclic imine and a cationic surfactant.

0020The polyvalent metal salt usable in the transparent reaction solution is constituted by divalent or higher polyvalent metallic ions and anions bonded to the polyvalent metallic ions and is soluble in water. Specific examples of polyvalent metallic ions include divalent metallic ions, such as Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ba²⁺, trivalent metallic ions, such as Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, and Cr³⁺. Anions include Cl^-, NO₃^-, I^-, Br^-, ClO₃^-, and CH₃COO^-.

0021Especially, a metal salt constituted by Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ provides favorable results in terms of pH of the reaction solution and the quality of prints.

0022The concentration of the polyvalent metal salt in the transparent reaction solution may be suitably determined so as to attain the effect of providing a good print quality and preventing clogging. It, however, is preferably 0.1 to 40% by weight, more preferably 5 to 25% by weight.

0023According to the present invention, the polyvalent metal salt contained in the transparent reaction solution may comprise a divalent or higher polyvalent metal ion and an ion bonded to the polyvalent metal, preferably a nitrate ion or a carboxylate ion and is soluble in water.

0024Furthermore, preferably, the carboxylate ions are derived from a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a carbocyclic monocarboxylic acid having 7 to 11 carbon atoms. Preferred examples of the saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, pivalic acid, and hexanoic acid. Among them, formic acid and acetic acid are particularly preferred.

0025A hydrogen atom(s) on the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon residue in the monocarboxylic acid may be substituted by a hydroxyl group. Preferred examples of such carboxylic acids include lactic acid.

0026Preferred examples of the carbocyclic monocarboxylic acid having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include benzoic acid and naphthoic acid with benzoic acid being more preferred.

0027According to a first embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a transparent reaction solution comprising a nitrogen-containing compound or thiodiglycol. The term "nitrogen-containing compound" used herein refers to a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic compound containing at least one nitrogen atom and an optionally alkyl-substituted amide derivative. The reaction solution containing a nitrogen-containing compound or thiodiglycol is less likely to generate deposits during storage of the reaction solution. The presence of the nitrogen-containing compound or thiodiglycol is considered to inhibit the occurrence of deposits. When the nitrogen-containing compound or the thiodiglycol, is absent, the occurrence of deposits having a size of 10 to 50 µm is often observed in a reaction solution during storage, especially in a reaction solution which has been once exposed to a high temperature (for example, a temperature above 60°C). The occurrence of such deposits is causative of clogging of nozzles in an ink jet recording head. Incorporation of a nitrogen-containing compound or thiodiglycol into a reaction solution containing a polyvalent metal salt can offer an advantage that any deposit is not substantially produced in the reaction solution during storage, especially in the reaction solution exposed to the above high temperature. This contributes to an improvement in reliability of the ink jet recording method.

0028The reason why the presence of a nitrogen-containing compound or thiodiglycol can inhibit the occurrence of deposits has not been elucidated yet, it is believed to reside in that ion species causative of the occurrence of the deposit are stabilized by the action of an unpaired electron possessed by the nitrogen or sulfur atom. This, however, is merely hypothetical, and the present invention should not be construed to be limited by the hypothesis.

0029Preferred examples of five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic compounds containing at least one nitrogen atom include five- or six-membered saturated compounds, such as pyrrolidine and piperidine; five- or six-membered unsaturated compounds, such as pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine. Preferred examples of (alkyl-substituted) amide derivatives include pyrrolidone, N-substituted pyrrolidone, imidazolidinone, and N-substituted imidazolidinone. Specific examples of more preferred examples thereof include 2-pyrrolidone, pyrrolidone substituted by an N-lower alkyl (preferably, methyl), 2-imidazolidinone substituted by an 1,3-lower alkyl (preferably, methyl).

0030The concentration of the nitrogen-containing compound or thiodiglycol in the transparent reaction solution may be properly determined so as to attain the effect of providing good print quality and preventing clogging. It, however, is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 10% by weight.

0031According to a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an amine-containing transparent reaction solution. The addition of the amine can simultaneously improve print quality and printing stability. In this embodiment of the present invention, the amine contained in the reaction solution refers to an ammonia or a compound formed by replacing 1 to 3 hydrogen atoms of ammonia with a hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical, that is, a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine containing a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

0032According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transparent reaction solution comprises ammonia as the amine. Ammonia, as compared with an amine having a conventional hydrocarbon radical, causes no significant increase in viscosity, when added to the transparent reaction solution, and, in addition, has higher solubility in water. Therefore, it can be added in an amount large enough to satisfy both print quality and printing stability requirements. The addition of ammonia has no significant influence on the surface tension of the transparent reaction solution and, further, does not excessively lower the wetting capability of the transparent reaction solution. Therefore, prints with sharp edge and having high OD can be obtained. Further, the volatile property of ammonia facilitates fast drying of the printed ink image, permitting the dried printed image to have good scratch resistance.

0033The amount of ammonia added to the transparent reaction solution maybe suitably determined by taking into consideration pH of the reaction solution. It, however, is generally not more than 0.5% by weight, preferably not more than 0.1% by weight.

0034The hydrocarbon radical in the primary, secondary, or tertiary amine may be either a saturated hydrocarbon radical or an unsaturated hydrocarbon radical. Further, it may be of either straight chain or branched chain type.

0035According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the primary amine, wherein a hydrocarbon radical is bonded to an amino group (-NH₂), is preferably an amine having a straight-chain hydrocarbon radical containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include laurylamine, cetylamine, and stearylamine. The addition of the above primary amine can offer a combination of print quality and printing stability on a high level.

0036The amount of the amine added may be suitably determined according to the kind of the amine by taking into consideration the print quality, print stability, and solubility of the amine. In general, however, it is 0.01 to 1% by weight. Amines having a hydrocarbon radical, of which the number of carbon atoms is small, may be added in a relatively large amount. On the other hand, amines having a hydrocarbon radical, of which the number of carbon atoms is large, have low solubility and increase the viscosity of the reaction solution, and, hence, the amount of these amines added is generally limited.

0037According to the present invention, secondary amines and tertiary amines also may be used in the same manner as described above in connection with the primary amine. Examples of secondary and tertiary amines usable herein include secondary amines, such as distearylamine, and tertiary amines, such as stearyl dimethylamine.

0038It is also possible to use amines with a hydrocarbon radical having a cyclic structure. Examples of such amines include N-cyclohexyl-n-docecylamine, N-benzyl-n-docecylamine, N-o-tolyl-n-dodecylamine, and N-p-tolyl-n-docecylamine.

0039In the present invention, the term "amine" connotes a cyclic imine. Examples of cyclic imines usable herein include pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexyamethyleneimine, octamethyleneimine, and decamethyleneimine. All of them can offer stable printing. In particular, octamethyleneimine and the like having 8 to 10 methylene chains can offer good effect and, as compared with octylamine and dibutylamine, of which the total number of carbon atoms is identical to that of octamethyleneimine and the like, can markedly improve the printing stability.

0040According to the present invention, preferably, the amine is added in the form of a salt of an inorganic acid or an amide. Examples of inorganic acids include various inorganic acids, such as nitric acid, nitrous acid, hydrochloric acid, bromic acid, and chromic acid. The addition of the amine in the form of a salt of an inorganic acid can improve the solubility of the amine and, at the same time, can offer improved storage stability and printing stability. Proper selection of the kind of the inorganic acid can prevent the shift of pH on the alkaline side.

0041Examples of amides usable herein include those prepared by heat-treating a mixture of an amine with a fatty acid. An amine prepared by heat-treating a mixture of C_nH_2n+1NH₂ with C_n-1H_2n-1COOH, wherein n is an integer (the same shall apply hereinafter), a mixture of (C_nH_2n+1)₂NH with C_n-1H_2n-1COOH, or a mixture of (C_nH_2n+1)3N with C_n-1H_2n-1 COOH can offer the same effect as attained by the addition of the amine to the reaction solution.

0042Some of the amines containing a hydrocarbon radial having a cyclic structure, the cyclic imine, and the amide have the function of the amine, as well as the function of the nitrogen-containing compound in the transparent reaction solution according to the first embodiment.

0043Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amine has suitable volatility. An ink composition containing a volatile amine is fast drying on paper and, after drying, can provide a print having good scratch resistance.

0044According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vapor pressure of the amine is not less than 0.01 Pa at 25°C. Specific examples of such amines include ammonia noted above and dicyclohexylamine nitrate.

0045According to a third embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a transparent reaction solution comprising a cationic surfactant. As described above, in the ink jet recording method according to the present invention, the polyvalent metal salt contained in the transparent reaction solution breaks the dispersed state of a colorant or the like in the ink composition and agglomerates the colorant component or the like to give an agglomerate which is deposited onto a recording medium, realizing a print having high color density, free from feathering, and good evenness. The addition of the cationic surfactant appears to further accelerate the formation of the agglomerate. This permits the colorant component to be rapidly and surely fixed onto a recording medium, offering a good print. In this connection, it should be noted that the cationic surfactant has high solubility in an aqueous solvent and, hence, can be advantageously used in a high concentration in the transparent reaction solution. Furthermore, the cationic surfactant can serve also as a penetrating agent. This provides an additional advantage that the drying speed of the printed image can also be improved. Furthermore, in the case of a color image, uneven color-to-color mixing in boundaries of different colors, that is, color bleeding, can be effectively prevented.

0046Cationic surfactants usable in the present invention includes primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary ammonium salts, derivatives thereof, and sulfate cationic surfactants. A cationic surfactant containing one quaternary nitrogen atom is especially preferred. Further, a cationic surfactant, wherein at least two substituents bonded to the quaternary nitrogen atom each contain 6 or more carbon atoms, is preferred from the viewpoint of high cohesive force.

0047Specific examples of cationic surfactants usable herein include quaternary ammonium salts represented by the following formula (I):         R¹R²R³R⁴N+X^-     (I) wherein R¹ and R² each independently represent a C₈-C₂₀ alkyl, benzyl, or phenyl group, R³ and R⁴ each independently represent a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, and X^- represents a counter ion.

0048Specific examples of cationic surfactants represented by the formula (I) include lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, dioctyldimethylammonium chloride, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, and octadecylamine acetate.

0049The amount of cationic surfactant added to the transparent reaction solution is not particularly limited. It, however, is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 10% by weight.

0050According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transparent reaction solution comprises a wetting agent comprising a high-boiling organic solvent. The high-boiling organic solvent serves to prevent the reaction solution from being concentrated due to evaporation, thus preventing clogging of a recording head. Preferred examples of high-boiling organic solvents include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, thioglycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolethane, and trimethylolpropane; alkyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether; urea; and triethanolamine.

0051Although the amount of the high-boiling organic solvent added is not particularly limited, it is preferably 0.5 to 40% by weight, more preferably 2 to 20% by weight.

0052According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transparent reaction solution comprises a low-boiling organic solvent. Preferred examples of low-boiling organic solvents usable herein include methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, iso-butanol, and n-pentanol. Monohydric alcohols are particularly preferred. The low-boiling organic solvent has the effect of shortening the time taken for drying the ink. The amount of the low-boiling organic solvent added is preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of from 1.5 to 6% by weight.

0053According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, that transparent reaction solution comprises a penetrating agent. Penetrating agents usable herein include various surfactants such as anionic and amphoteric surfactants; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and iso-propyl alcohol; and lower alkyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, and dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether.

0054Preferred penetrating agents usable in the present invention include compounds represented by the following formula (1) and lower alcohol ethers of polyhydric alcohols. <chemistry id="chem0001" num="0001"><img file="EP0802063B2_D0001.tif" /></chemistry> wherein 0 ≦ m + n ≦ 50 and R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ each independently represent an alkyl group.

0055Specific preferred examples of compounds represented by the formula 1 include OLFINE® Y, Surfynol® 82, Surfynol® 440, Surfynol® 465, and Surtynol® 485 (all the above products being manufactured by Air Products and Chemicals Inc.). They may be added alone or in a combination of two or more.

0056According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transparent reaction solution may contain triethanolamine for pH adjustment purposes. When triethanolamine is added, the amount thereof is preferably up to 2.0% by weight.

0057In the present invention, the term "ink composition" refers to a black ink composition in the case of black-and-white printing and a color ink composition in the case of color printing, specifically a yellow ink composition, a magenta ink composition, and a cyan ink composition and, in addition, a black ink composition for some instances.

0058The ink composition used in the present invention comprises at least a colorant and water.

0059The colorant contained in the ink composition used in the present invention may be either a dye or a pigment with the pigment being preferred.

0060Dyes usable herein include various dyes commonly used in ink jet recording, such as direct dyes, acid dyes, foodstuff dyes, basic dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, vat dyes, soluble vat dyes, and reactive disperse dyes.

0061Regarding the pigment, inorganic and organic pigments are usable without any particular limitation. Examples of the inorganic pigment include, in addition to titanium oxide and iron oxide, carbon blacks produced by known processes, such as contact, furnace, and thermal processes. Examples of the organic pigment include azo pigments (including azo lake, insoluble azo pigment, condensed azo pigment, and chelate azo pigment), polycyclic pigments (for example, phthalocyanine, perylene, perinone, anthraquinone, quinacridone, dioxazine, thioindigo, isoindolinone, and quinophthalone pigments), dye chelates (for example, basic dye chelates and acid dye chelates), nitro pigments, nitroso pigments, and aniline black.

0062According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above pigment is preferably added in the form of a pigment dispersion prepared by dispersing the pigment in an aqueous medium with the aid of a dispersant or a surfactant. Preferred dispersants include those commonly used in the preparation of a dispersion of a pigment, for example, polymeric dispersant.

0063Preferred examples of dispersant or surfactants usable herein include polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid/acrylonitrile copolymer, vinyl acetate/acrylic ester copolymer, acrylic acid/alkyl acrylate copolymer, styrene/acrylic acid copolymer, styrene/methacrylic acid copolymer, styrene/acrylic acid/alkyl acrylate copolymer, styrene/methacrylic acid/alkyl acrylate copolymer, styrene/α-methylstyrene/acrylic acid copolymer, styrene/α-methylstyrene/acrylic acid/alkyl acrylate copolymer, styrene/maleic acid copolymer, vinylnaphthalene/maleic acid copolymer, vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer, vinyl acetate/fatty acid vinylethylene copolymer, vinyl acetate/maleic ester, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer, and vinyl acetate/acrylic acid copolymer.

0064According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight-average molecular weight of the copolymer is preferably 3,000 to 50,000, more preferably 5,000 to 30,000, most preferably 7,000 to 15,000.

0065The amount of the dispersant added may be such that the pigment can be stably dispersed without sacrificing the other effects of the present invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the dispersant added is preferably 1 : 0.06 to 1 : 3, more preferably 1 : 0.125 to 1 : 3, in terms of pigment to dispersant ratio.

0066The amount of pigment added to the ink is preferably 0.5 to 25% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

0067According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ink composition comprises a resin emulsion. The term "resin emulsion" used herein refers to an emulsion comprising water as a continuous phase and the following resin component as a dispersed phase. Resin components as the dispersed phase include acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, styrene/butadiene resin, vinyl chloride resin, (meth)acrylate/styrene resin, butadiene resin, styrene resin, crosslinked acrylic resin, crosslinked styrene resin, benzoguanamine resin, phenolic resin, silicone resin, and epoxy resin.

0068According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the resin is a polymer having a combination of a hydrophilic segment with a hydrophobic segment. The particle diameter of the resin component is not particularly limited so far as the resin component forms an emulsion. It, however, is preferably not more than about 150 nm, more preferably 5 to 100 nm.

0069The resin emulsion may be prepared by subjecting a monomer(s) for forming a contemplated resin to dispersion polymerization in water optionally in the presence of a surfactant. For example, an emulsion of an acrylic resin or a styrene/acrylic resin may be prepared by subjecting an ester of (meth)acrylic acid or alternatively an ester of (meth) acrylic acid in combination with styrene to dispersion polymerization in water optionally in the presence of a surfactant. In general, the ratio of the resin component to the surfactant is preferably 10 : 1 to 5 : 1. When the amount of the surfactant used falls within the above range, it is possible to provide an ink which has good water resistance in the form of an image and good penetrability. The surfactant is not particularly limited. Preferred examples thereof include anionic surfactants (for example, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laurate and an ammonium salt of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate); nonionic surfactants (for example, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ester, a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, a polyoxyethylene alkylamine, and a polyoxyethylene alkylamide). They may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Further, it is also possible to use acetylene glycol (OLFINE® Y and Surfynol® 82, 104, 440, 465, and 485 (all the above products being manufactured by Air Products and Chemicals Inc.).

0070The ratio of the resin as the component constituting the dispersed phase to water is suitably 60 to 400 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin with 100 to 200 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin, of water being preferred.

0071Further, commercially available resin emulsions may also be used, and examples thereof include Microgel® E-1002 and E-5002 (styrene/acrylic resin emulsion, manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.), Voncoat® 4001 (acrylic resin emulsion, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.), Voncoat® 5454 (styrene/acrylic resin emulsion, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.), SAE-1014 (styrene/acrylic resin emulsion, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.), and Saivinol® SK-200 (acrylic resin emulsion, manufactured by Saiden Chemical Industry Co., Ltd).

0072In the ink used in the present invention, the amount of the resin emulsion incorporated therein is preferably such that the amount of the resin component is in the range of from 0.1 to 40% by weight, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 25% by weight.

0073The resin emulsion has the effect of inhibiting the penetration of a coloring component and, further, accelerating the fixation on the recording medium by virtue of an interaction between the resin emulsion and the polyvalent metal ions. Further, some resin emulsions have an additional effect that they form a film on the recording medium to improve the rubbing resistance of the resultant print.

0074According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ink composition may contain a thermoplastic resin in the form of a resin emulsion. In this case, the thermoplastic resin has a softening temperature of 50 to 250°C, preferably 60 to 200°C. The term "softening temperature" used herein refers to the lowest temperature among the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin, the melting point of the thermoplastic resin, the temperature which brings the viscosity of the thermoplastic resin to 10¹⁰ to 10¹¹ Pa.s (10¹¹ to 10¹² poises), the pour point of the thermoplastic resin, and the minimum film forming temperature (MFT) in the form of an emulsion of the thermoplastic resin. In the step of heating according to the method of the present invention, the recording medium is heated to at least the softening temperature of the thermoplastic resin.

0075Further, preferably, the thermoplastic resin, when heated at the softening or melting temperature or a higher temperature and then cooled, forms a strong film having water resistance and rubbing resistance.

0076Specific examples of water-insoluble thermoplastic resins include polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, an ester of polymethacrylic acid, polyethylacrylic acid, a styrene/butadiene copolymer, polybutadiene, an acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymer, a chloroprene copolymer, a fluororesin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyolefin resin, cellulose, a styrene/acrylic acid copolymer, a styrene/methacrylic acid copolymer, polystyrene, a styrene/acrylamide copolymer, polyisobutyl acrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyamide, rosin resin, polyethylene, a polycarbonate, a polyvinylidene chloride resin, a cellulosic resin, a vinyl acetate resin, an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, a vinyl acetate/(meth)acrylate copolymer, a vinyl chloride resin, polyurethane, and a rosin ester.

0077Specific examples of low-molecular weight thermoplastic resins include polyethylene wax, montan wax, alcohol wax, synthetic oxide wax, an α-olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer, animal and vegetable waxes such as carnauba wax, lanolin, paraffin wax, and microcrystalline wax.

0078Known resin emulsions may be used as the above resin emulsion. For example, resin emulsions described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1426/1987 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 56573/1991, 79678/1991, 160068/1991, and 18462/1992 as such may be used as the resin emulsion in the present invention.

0079According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ink composition preferably comprises an alginic acid derivative. Preferred examples of alginic acid derivatives include alkali metal salts (for example, sodium salt and potassium salt of alginic acid), organic acid salts (for example, triethanolamine salt) of alginic acid, and ammonium alginate.

0080The amount of the alginic acid derivative added to the ink composition is preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight.

0081Although the reason why a good image can be formed by the addition of an alginic acid derivative has not been elucidated yet, it is considered that the polyvalent metal salt present in the reaction solution reacts with the alginic acid derivative in the ink composition to vary the dispersed state of the colorant, promoting the fixation of the colorant onto the recording medium.

0082The ink composition used in the present invention may contain an inorganic oxide colloid. Inorganic oxide colloids usable herein include colloidal silica and alumina colloid. They are generally colloidal solutions prepared by dispersing ultrafine particles of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ or the like in water or an organic solvent. Commercially available inorganic oxide colloids are generally such that water, methanol, 2-propanol, n-propanol or xylene is used as the dispersant and the diameter of particles of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ or the like is 5 to 100 nm. Many commercially available colloidal solutions of inorganic oxides do not have pH in a neutral region but pH adjusted to the acidic or alkaline side. This is because the pH region where the inorganic oxide colloid exists stably is on the acidic or alkaline side. Therefore, when the addition of a commercially available inorganic oxide colloidal solution to the ink composition is contemplated, it should be made by taking into consideration the pH region, where the inorganic oxide colloid exists stably, and the pH value of the ink.

0083The amount of the inorganic oxide colloid added is preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight. A plurality of inorganic oxide colloids may be added in combination.

0084According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ink composition preferably contains an organic solvent. The organic solvent is preferably a low-boiling organic solvent, and preferred examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, iso-butanol, and n-pentanol. Monohydric alcohols are particularly preferred. The low-boiling organic solvent has the effect of shortening the time taken for drying the ink.

0085Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ink composition used in the present invention further comprises a wetting agent comprising a high-boiling organic solvent. Preferred examples of high-boiling organic solvents usable herein include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, thioglycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolethane, and trimethylolpropane; alkyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monobutyl ether; urea; 2-pyrrolidone; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone; and triethanolamine.

0086The amount of the wetting agent added is preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 40% by weight, more preferably in the range of from 2 to 20% by weight, based on the ink. The amount of the low-boiling organic solvent added is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of from 1.5 to 6% by weight, based on the ink.

0087The ink composition used in the present invention may contain a dispersant and a surfactant. Examples of surfactants usable herein include various surfactants described above in connection with the resin emulsion.

0088According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ink composition may contain a saccharide. Examples of saccharides usable herein include monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides (including trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides), and other polysaccharides, preferably glucose, mannose, fructose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, aldonic acid, glucitol, sorbitol, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, and maltotriose. The term "polysaccharide" used herein refers to saccharides, in a broad sense, including substances which widely exist in the natural world, such as alginic acid, α-cyclodextrin, and cellulose.

0089Derivatives of these saccharides include reducing sugars of the above saccharides (for example, sugar alcohols represented by the general formula HOCH₂(CHOH)_nCH₂OH wherein n is an integer of 2 to 5), oxidized sugars (for example, aldonic acid and uronic acid), amino acid, and thiosugars. Sugar alcohols are particularly preferred, and specific examples thereof include maltitol and sorbitol.

0090The content of the above saccharide is suitably in the range of from 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 30% by weight, based on the ink.

0091Further, if necessary, pH adjustors, preservatives, antimolds and the like may be added.

0092An ink jet recording apparatus for practicing the ink jet recording method according to the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

0093Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an ink jet recording apparatus. In this embodiment, an ink composition and a transparent reaction solution are accommodated in a tank and fed into a recording head through an ink tube. Specifically, a recording head 1 is communicated with an ink tank 2 through an ink tube 3. The interior of the ink tank 2 is partitioned, and a chamber for an ink composition, optionally a plurality of chambers respectively for a plurality of color ink compositions, and a chamber for a reaction solution are provided.

0094The recording head 1 is moved along a carriage 4 by means of a timing belt 6 driven by a motor 5. On the other hand, paper 7 as a recording medium is placed by a platen 8 and a guide 9 at a position facing the recording head 1. In this embodiment, a cap 10 is provided. A suction pump 11 is connected to the cap 10 in order to conduct the so-called "cleaning operation." The ink composition sucked by the pump 11 is resorvoired in a waste ink tank 13 through a tube 12.

0095Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing the surface of nozzles for the recording head 1. In the drawing, the surface of a nozzle for a reaction solution is indicated by 1b, and a nozzle 21 for ejecting the reaction solution is provided in the longitudinal direction. On the other hand, the surface of nozzles for the ink composition is indicated by 1c, and a yellow ink composition, a magenta ink composition, a cyan ink composition, and a black ink composition are ejected respectively through nozzles 22, 23, 24 and 25.

0096Further, an ink jet recording method using the recording head shown in Fig. 2 will be described with reference to Fig. 3. The recording head 1 is moved in the direction indicated by an arrow A, during which time the transparent reaction solution is ejected through the nozzle 21 to form a reaction solution-deposited region 31 in a band form on the recording medium 7. Subsequently, the recording medium 7 is transferred by a predetermined extent in the direction indicated by an arrow B, during which time the recording head 1 is moved the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow A and returned to the left end of the recording medium 7, and the recording head conduct printing using the ink composition on the reaction solution-deposited region 31, thereby forming a print region 32.

0097Further, as shown in Fig. 4, in the recording head 1, it is also possible to arrange all nozzles in the lateral direction to construct a nozzle assembly. In the drawing, ejection nozzles for a reaction solution are denoted by 41a and 41b, and a yellow ink composition, a magenta ink composition, a cyan ink composition, and a black ink composition are ejected respectively through nozzles 42, 43, 44 and 45. In the recording head according to this embodiment, the recording head 1, when reciprocated on the carriage, can conduct printing in both directions. Therefore, in this case, printing at a higher speed is expected as compared with the case where the recording head shown in Fig. 2 is used.

0098Further, when the transparent reaction solution and the ink composition are preferably adjusted so as to fall within the surface tension ranges described above, a high-quality print can be more stably provided regardless of the order of deposition of the reaction solution and the ink composition. In this case, even the provision of a single ejection nozzle suffices for satisfactory results. For example, in the drawing, the nozzle 41b may be omitted. This can contribute to a further reduction in size of the head and a further increase in printing speed.

0099In the ink jet recording apparatus, the supplement of the ink composition may be carried out by replacing an ink tank in a cartridge form. The ink tank may be integral with the recording head. A preferred embodiment of an ink jet recording apparatus using such an ink tank is shown in Fig. 5. In the drawing, the same members as used in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 have the same reference numerals. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, recording heads 1a and 1b are integral respectively with ink tanks 2a and 2b. An ink composition and a transparent reaction solution are ejected respectively through the recording heads 1a and 1b. Basically, printing may be conducted in the same manner as described above in connection with the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. Further, in this embodiment, the recording head 1a is moved together with the ink tank 2a on a carriage 4, while the recording head 1a is moved together with the ink tank 2b on the carriage 4.

0100A preferred embodiment of an ink jet recording apparatus wherein a heater for heating a printed recording medium is further provided is shown in Fig. 6. The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 is the same as the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, except that a heater 14 is additionally provided. The heater 14 may be of a contact type wherein, in heating the recording medium, it is brought into contact with the recording medium. Alternatively, the heating means may be of a non-contact type where the recording medium is heated by applying infrared rays or the like or blowing hot air to the recording medium.

0101The transparent reaction solution may be deposited onto the recording medium by any of an embodiment where the transparent reaction solution is selectively deposited on only an area where the ink composition is to be deposited and an embodiment where the transparent reaction solution is deposited on the whole surface of paper. The former embodiment can minimize the consumption of the transparent reaction solution and, hence, is cost-effective. In this embodiment, however, an accuracy is required to some extent with respect to the position where both the transparent reaction solution and the ink composition are deposited. On the other hand, for the latter embodiment, the requirement for the accuracy of the position where the transparent reaction solution and the ink composition are deposited is relaxed as compared with the former embodiment. In this embodiment, however, since the transparent reaction solution is deposited in a large amount on the whole surface of paper, the paper is likely to cause curling during drying. For the above reason, the selection of the embodiment may be determined by taking a combination of the ink composition with the transparent reaction solution into consideration. In the case of the former embodiment, the deposition of the transparent reaction solution can be performed by ink jet recording.

0102Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ink jet recording apparatus is preferably such that it can accommodate the transparent reaction solution and the ink composition and, regarding the amounts of the ink composition and the transparent reaction solution, the ink composition is used up earlier than the transparent reaction solution.

0103Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an ink tank for use in the ink jet recording apparatus is provided. The ink tank may be of either a replaceable cartridge type or a type where it is integral with the recording head. In any case, the ink tank is preferably such that it can accommodate the transparent reaction solution and the ink composition and, regarding the amounts of the ink composition and the transparent reaction solution, the ink composition is used up earlier than the transparent reaction solution.

0104In this connection, it should be noted that when the reaction solution is used up earlier than the ink composition, it is difficult to learn when the reaction solution has been used up because the reaction solution is transparent. That is, in this case, that the transparent reaction solution has been used up cannot be learned until the user observes the print and notices a deterioration in print quality, making it necessary for the user to always observe the print quality

0105In the ink jet recording apparatus according to the above embodiment, since the ink composition per se is usually in a colored state, it is possible to learn when the ink composition has been used up. Further, since there is no possibility that the transparent reaction solution is used up earlier than the ink composition, ink jet recording wherein two liquids are printed can be stably conducted. The provision of sensor means or the like on the tank section for accommodating the ink composition and the transparent reaction solution is considered effective for observing the consumption of the liquids. In this case, however, the mechanism is complicated. In this sense, the above embodiment is advantageous because the use of a simple mechanism suffices for the contemplated purposes.

0106In the above embodiment, when a plurality of ink compositions are used, the expression "the ink composition is used up earlier than the transparent reaction solution" does not necessarily mean that part of the transparent reaction solution should remain in the tank when all the plurality of ink compositions have been used up so far as part of the transparent reaction solution remains in the tank when any one of the ink compositions has been used up. However, it is preferred that part of the transparent reaction solution remains in the tank when all the plurality of ink compositions have been used up.

0107The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.

Example A

Preparation of reaction solutions

0108The following ingredients were mixed together to prepare reaction solutions A1 to A10. <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A1</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A2</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A3</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A4</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Surfynol® 465</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Thiodiglycol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A5</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A6</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Acid Yellow 23</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">3.2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">12% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Surfynol® 465</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Diethylene glycol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.1% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A7</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reactive Red 180</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4.2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">17% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Surfynol® 465</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Diethylene glycol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.9% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A8</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Acid Blue 9</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1.5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Direct Blue 199</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">3.5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">12% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Surfynol® 465</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Diethylene glycol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.1% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0009" num="0009"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A9</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0010" num="0010"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution A10</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0011" num="0011"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Preparation of ink composition Black ink A1</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Carbon black MA7 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corp.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Styrene/acrylic acid copolymer (dispersant)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Sucrose</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Maltitol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">6.3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Ethanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0109Carbon black and the dispersant were mixed together and dispersed by means of a sand mill (manufactured by Yasukawa Seisakusho) with glass beads (diameter: 1.7 mm, amount: 1.5 times, by weight, the amount of the mixture) for 2 hours. Thereafter, the glass beads were removed, and the remaining additives were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes and then filtered through a 5-µm membrane filter to prepare a black ink for ink jet recording.

Evaluation of reaction solution A

Evaluation A1

: Amount of deposit produced

0110The reaction solution was placed in a teflon bottle which was then hermetically sealed. In this state, the reaction solution was allowed to stand at 70°C for one week. After the standing, 10 ml of the reaction solution was passed through a 10-µm mesh filter to collect deposits produced during the standing. The results are tabulated in Table 1. Regarding the results given in the table, the evaluation criteria are as follows. <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A: Number of collected deposits, less than 20</li><li>B: Number of collected deposits, 20 to less than 100</li><li>C: Number of collected deposits, not less than 100</li></ul>

Evaluation A2

: Printing stability

0111The reaction solution was filled into an ink cartridge for MJ-500C (manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation), and this ink cartridge was then loaded onto the printer. A pattern containing a combination of characters with graphics was printed on 10000 sheets of paper of size A4, during which time inspection was made for "ejection of ink droplets with trajectories non-perpendicular to the print head" or "dropout."

0112Since the reaction solutions 1 to 5 were transparent, they were colored by adding 0.5% by weight of Acid Blue 9 (dye) thereto so that "ejection of ink droplets with trajectories non-perpendicular to the print head" and "dropout" could be easily confirmed.

0113The results were tabulated in Table 1. Regarding the results given in the table, the evaluation criteria are as follows. <ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A: Number of times of "ejection of ink droplets with trajectories non-perpendicular to the print head" or "dropout", less than 20</li><li>B: Number of times of "ejection of ink droplets with trajectories non-perpendicular to the print head" or "dropout", 20 to less than 50</li><li>C: Number of times of "ejection of ink droplets with trajectories non-perpendicular to the print head" or "dropout", not less than 50</li></ul>

Evaluation A3

: Print quality (feathering)

0114Printing was carried out on the following various papers using an ink jet printer MJ-500C. In the printing, the reaction solution was first printed (100% duty), and the black ink A1 was then used to print a letter. After drying, the prints were inspected for feathering in the letter. <ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(1) Xerox® Paper (Xerox Corp.)</li><li>(2) Ricopy® 6200 Paper (Ricoh Co. Ltd.)</li><li>(3) Xerox® 4024 Paper (Xerox Corp.)</li><li>(4) Neenah Bond® Paper (Kimberly-Clark)</li><li>(5) Xerox® R Paper (Xerox Corp., recycled paper)</li><li>(6) Yamayuri® (Honshu Paper Co., Ltd., recycled paper)</li></ul>

0115The results were as tabulated in Table 1. Regarding the results given in the table, the evaluation criteria are as follows. <ul id="ul0005" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A: Sharp print without any feathering</li><li>B: Feathering observed</li><li>C: Remarkable feathering to render the outline of the letter blurry</li></ul><tables id="tabl0012" num="0012"><table frame="all"><title>Table 1</title><tgroup cols="5" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="31.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="31.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="31.50mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="31.50mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="31.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Reaction solution</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Evaluation A1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Evaluation A2</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">Evaluation A3</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">Ex. A1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">A2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">A3</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">A4</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">A5</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">A6</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A6</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">B</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">A7</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">B</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">A8</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A8</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">B</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">Comp. Ex. A1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">C</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">C</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">A2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A10</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">C</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">C</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example B

Preparation of reaction solution

0116The following ingredients were mixed together to prepare reaction solutions B1 to B10. <tables id="tabl0013" num="0013"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution B1</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">25% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Aqueous ammonia (29% aqueous solution)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.05% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0117The above ingredients were mixed together, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour to prepare a composition which was then subjected to suction filtration through a 5-µm membrane filter to prepare a reaction solution. <tables id="tabl0014" num="0014"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution B2</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">25% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Aqueous ammonia (29% aqueous solution)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0015" num="0015"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution B4</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">25% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Cyclohexylamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.1% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0016" num="0016"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution B5</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">25% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Decamethyleneimine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.1% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0017" num="0017"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution B8</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Aqueous ammonia (29%)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0018" num="0018"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution B9</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">25% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0019" num="0019"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution B10</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">20% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0020" num="0020"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Preparation of ink composition Black ink B1</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Carbon black MA7 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corp.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Styrene/acrylic acid copolymer (dispersant)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Voncoat® 4001 (acrylic resin emulsion, resin component: 50%, MFT = 5°C, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Sucrose</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Maltitol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">6.3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Ethanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0118Carbon black and the dispersant were mixed together and dispersed by means of a sand mill (manufactured by Yasukawa Seisakusho) with glass beads (diameter: 1.7 mm, amount: 1.5 times, by weight, the amount of the mixture) for 2 hours. Thereafter, the glass beads were removed, and the remaining additives were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes and then filtered through a 5-µm membrane filter to prepare an ink for ink jet recording.

Evaluation of reaction solution

Evaluation B1

: Print quality (feathering)

0119An ink jet printer MJ-500C (manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation) was used to perform printing on the following various papers. In the printing, the reaction solution was first printed (100% duty), and the black ink B1 was then used to print a letter. After drying, the prints were inspected for feathering in the letter. <ul id="ul0006" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(1) Xerox® P Paper (Xerox Corp.)</li><li>(2) Ricopy® 6200 Paper (Ricoh Co. Ltd.)</li><li>(3) Xerox® 4024 Paper (Xerox Corp.)</li><li>(4) Neenah Bond® Paper (Kimberly-Clark)</li><li>(5) Xerox® R Paper (recycled paper, Xerox Corp.)</li><li>(6) Yamayuri® (recycled paper, Honshu Paper Co., Ltd.)</li></ul>

0120The results were as tabulated in Table 2. Regarding the results given in the table, the evaluation criteria are as follows. <ul id="ul0007" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A: Sharp print without any feathering</li><li>B: Feathering observed</li><li>C: Remarkable feathering observed rendering the outline of the letter blurry</li></ul>

Evaluation B2:

Clogging

0121A head of an ink jet printer MJ-500C was filled with the reaction solution, and alphanumeric characters were continuously printed for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the printer was stopped and allowed to stand without capping under an environment of 40°C and 25RH for one month. Thereafter, the printing of alphanumeric characters was resumed. In this case, the number of cleaning operations necessary for providing a print having a quality equal to that before standing was determined. The results were as tabulated in Table 2. Regarding the results given in the table, the evaluation criteria are as follows. <ul id="ul0008" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A: 0 to 2 times</li><li>B: 3 to 5 times</li><li>C: Impossible to provide prints having a quality equal to the quality of the print before standing even after 6 or more repeated cleaning operations</li></ul>

Evaluation B3

Ejection stability

0122A head of an ink jet printer MJ-500C was filled with the reaction solution, and alphanumeric characters were continuously printed on paper of size A4. In this case, when ink droplets were ejected with trajectories non-perpendicular to the print head, cleaning operation was performed. When the ejection of ink droplets with trajectories non-perpendicular to the print head could not be corrected by the cleaning operation, the number of sheets of paper used for printing up to this point was measured as a parameter of the ejection stability.

0123The results were as tabulated in Table 2. Regarding the results given in the table, the evaluation criteria are as follows. <ul id="ul0009" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>C: Not more than 5000 sheets</li><li>B: Not more than 10000 sheets</li><li>A: Not less than 10000</li></ul><tables id="tabl0021" num="0021"><table frame="all"><title>Table 2</title><tgroup cols="5" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="31.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="31.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="31.50mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="31.50mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="31.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Reaction solution</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Evaluation B1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Evaluation B2</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">Evaluation B3</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">Ex. B1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">B1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">B2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">B2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">B4</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">B4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">B</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">B5</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">B5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">B8</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">B8</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">A</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">Comp. Ex. B1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">B9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">C</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">B2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">B10</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">C</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example C

Preparation of reaction solution

0124The following ingredients were mixed together to prepare reaction solutions C1 to C5. <tables id="tabl0022" num="0022"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution C1</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Swanol® CA-2150 (lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, solid content 50%, manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0023" num="0023"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution C4</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Cation M2-100 (octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, manufactured by Nippon Oils &amp; Fats Co., Ltd.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0024" num="0024"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Reaction solution C5</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Cation SA (octadecylamine acetate, manufactured by Nippon Oils &amp; Fats Co., Ltd.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Calcium formate (anhydride)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Triethanolamine</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0025" num="0025"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Preparation of ink composition Black ink C1</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Carbon black Raven 1080 (manufactured by Columbian Carbon)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Styrene/acrylic acid copolymer (dispersant)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Voncoat® 4001 (acrylic resin emulsion, resin component content 50%, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Sucrose</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Maltitol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">6.3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Ethanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0125Carbon black and the dispersant were mixed together and dispersed by means of a sand mill (manufactured by Yasukawa Seisakusho) with glass beads (diameter: 1.7 mm, amount: 1.5 times, by weight, the amount of the mixture) for 2 hours. Thereafter, the glass beads were removed, and the remaining ingredients were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes and then filtered through a 5-µm membrane filter to prepare an ink composition for ink jet recording.

0126Color ink set C1 composed of the following black ink C2 and the following yellow, cyan, and magenta ink compositions were prepared in the same manner as described above in connection with the preparation of the black ink C1. <tables id="tabl0026" num="0026"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left">Black ink C2</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Carbon black MA7 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Indusries)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Styrene/acrylic acid copolymer (dispersant)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">1 % by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Voncoat® 5454 (Styrene/acrylic resin emulsion, resin component content 45%, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">5% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Sucrose</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Maltitol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">6.3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Ethanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Color ink set C1

0127A yellow ink, a magenta ink, and a cyan ink were prepared using the following colorants (pigments) and liquid medium. <tables id="tabl0027" num="0027"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left"><Pigment></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Yellow ink</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pigment: KETYELLOW® 403 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Magenta ink</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pigment: KETRED® 309 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Cyan ink</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pigment: KETBLUEEX®-1 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0028" num="0028"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="left"><Liquid medium></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Styrene/acrylic acid copolymer (dispersant)</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.4% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Voncoat® 4001</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Sucrose</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">0.7% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Maltitol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">6.3% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Glycerin</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">10% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">2-Pyrrolidone</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">2% by weight</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Ethanol</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">4% by weight</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Pure water</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Balance</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Print evaluation test

0128Printing was performed by means of an ink jet printer using the above ink compositions and the reaction solutions in combination as specified in the following Table 3 to evaluate print quality and the like.

Evaluation C1

: Print quality (feathering)

0129The print quality was evaluated according to evaluation A3. The results were as tabulated in Table 3.

Evaluation C2

: Print quality (OD value)

0130The reaction solution was printed (100% duty) by means of an ink jet printer MJ-700V2C on the papers used in evaluation C1, and letters were then printed thereon using the black ink. After drying, the reflection OD value of the prints was measured with Macbeth PCMII (manufactured by Macbeth).

0131The results were as tabulated in the following Table 3.

Evaluation C3

: Uneven printing

0132Printing was performed (100% duty) by means of an ink jet printer MJ-700V2C. <ul id="ul0010" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(1) Ricopy® 6200 Paper (Ricoh Co. Ltd.)</li><li>(2) Canon® PB PAPER (Canon Inc.)</li></ul>

0133The OD of randomly selected five points in the print area was measured with Macbeth PCMII, and the average of the measured values was determined. This procedure was repeated five times, and the maximum value and the minimum value in the five average values were determined. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is less than 0.5, there is no problem for practical use with the difference being preferably less than 0.4.

0134The results were as tabulated in Table 3. In the results given in the table, the evaluation criteria were as follows. <ul id="ul0011" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A: OD difference of less than 0.2</li><li>B: OD difference of 0.2 to less than 0.4</li><li>C: OD difference of not less than 0.4</li></ul>

Evaluation C4:

Color bleed

0135An ink jet printer MJ-700V2C was used in this evaluation test. The reaction solution was deposited (100% duty) on the papers used in the evaluation A3. Thereafter, each ink composition in the color ink set C1 was then printed (100% duty), and printing of letters was simultaneously performed using the black ink C1 or C2. The prints were visually inspected for the presence of uneven color-to-color mixing in the letter boundaries.

0136The results were as tabulated in Table 3. In the results given in the table, the evaluation criteria were as follows. <ul id="ul0012" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>A: No color-to-color mixing observed with clear letter boundaries</li><li>B: Feather-like color-to-color mixing observed</li><li>C: Significant color-to-color mixing observed rendering the outline of the letter blur</li></ul><tables id="tabl0029" num="0029"><table frame="all"><title>Table 3</title><tgroup cols="7" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="22.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">Reaction solution</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Black ink</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Evaluation C1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">Evaluation C2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">Evaluation C3</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">Evaluation C4</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Ex.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" /><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">C1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.41</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">C1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.43</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C5</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">C4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">1</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.45</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">-</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C6</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">C4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.48</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">A</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C7</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">C5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.46</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">A</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">A</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Comp. Ex. C1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">-</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.33</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">B</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">C</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>