Measuring exhaust gases of any vehicle or craft to determine efficiency of anti-pollution components e.g. catalysts

1. Problem Statement

The registration of vehicles is carried out after a thorough examination of all important transport and emission-related parameters in a comprehensive Process. Thus, motor vehicles defined on chassis dynamometer under tested conditions. It will include the issuance of limited pollutants measured. An authorization is performed when the measured values ​​below the statutory limits.

While trying the individual, in different countries, according to the respective Conditions and behavior aligned drive cycles for the Approval procedures are required on the chassis dynamometer, the later to model daily practice, however, the trips soft everyday more or less strongly on the model-like driving cycles on the dynamometer.

For the determination of the state of both the combustion and the Aftertreatment system in modern motor vehicles diagnostic control systems used. These diagnostic test methods is created using a plurality of transducers of the state of the Motor vehicle detected. Are there anomalies between the measured observed data and the stored characteristic maps with limit they carried a warning message. The / drivers / -in is invited to a workshop seek and to fix the reported errors and stored. The warning message disappears only when the fault has been mostly at Replacing the faulty component / 1 /. If an error message must of / Driver / -in trying to go to a specialist workshop. By local objective conditions and also by subjective conditions it may a delay leading to a significant impact on the environment can lead.

The objective of this application is to describe a method which allows, in Cases increased emissions behind the catalyst in the exhaust measures to take that cause harmful emissions of up to fix Error is reduced to a minimum. With the steady increase in the number of motor vehicles in the world seems this way a correct represent approach to the environment from the severe impact of to protect accumulation of pollutants.

2. Prior Art

Methods for the reduction of cold-start phase already known which allow that occur at this stage high concentration values reduce. These include vapor trap, which are filled with activated carbon / 2 /. The exhaust gas is performed during the cold start phase by the trap. here are the high hydrocarbon peaks (T-HC) collected by adsorption. After the engine and the catalyst are warmed up, they lead the by desorption pollutants released into the combustion chamber back to where them back to carbon dioxide (CO₂) And water vapor (H₂O) are burned. These Method, however, only the gasoline engine can be used / 3 /.

When diesel automobile there is a similar method. When "Selective NO_x- Feedback with internal engine, not catalytic NO_xReduction "(NSR) one uses a consisting of zeolite adsorption to the high Concentration of nitrogen monoxide (NO) here withhold / 4 /. The mechanism is similar to the gasoline engine. Through a desorption phase, the adsorbed NO Molekühle at a later time again in the incorporated combustion chamber, and here to the end products, such as nitrogen (N₂) converted / 5 /.

In utility model G 90 03 204.7 a device for the catalytic will Treatment of vehicle engines described, which, as well as from a converter one, the converter upstream emission buffer is.

In patent DE 43 19 294 C1 describes a process for reducing the Nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by adsorption of Nitrogen oxides in an adsorber and temporally subsequent desorption by means of a hot gas and reacting the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen shown. Here, in order to dispense with a reducing agent, the Nitrogen oxides back into the intake air of the internal combustion engine with which it in the combustion chambers get where they ruling due to the Reaction conditions into nitrogen and oxygen react.

In Patent Document 1, DE 195 39 728 A1 is an exhaust system for a Combustion engine described. This system consists of a Hauptkatalysatorumwandler and a hydrocarbon adsorber with a Zeolite coating for hydrocarbon adsorption.

The patent DE 43 28 125 A1 is an exhaust purification device shown that by adsorption hydrocarbons from the exhaust gas filters.

It appears at present to be no method which allows the Pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas not only in the cold start phase, but also in Crisis situations, so if the OBD / OBM exhaust measuring system detects a failure in the r Aftertreatment system logs to mitigate. In such cases, no can immediate measures are taken, because the driver is not signaled, that the car emits high concentrations of pollutants. In such Cases, it is left to the driver and the external circumstances, how quickly he may seek an appropriate specialist workshop. Until this measure is not performed, the carriage abuts high concentrations of pollutants in the environment.

In the following drawing description, various Embodiments of the invention explained in more detail.

It is in: <b>Fig.</b><b>1</b> Example of the sequence diagram of an emission reduction measure shown, based on the hydrocarbon emissions<b>Fig.</b><b>2</b> Housing the adsorbent in the exhaust path<b>1</b> motor<b>2</b> Underbody of the motor vehicle<b>3</b> Tyre<b>4</b> Motor Middle catalyst<b>5</b> main catalyst<b>6</b> silencer<b>7</b> diverter valve<b>8th</b> No adsorption. <b>1</b><b>9</b> No adsorption. <b>2</b><b>10</b> exhaust pipe<b>11</b> Point Number. <b>1</b><b>12</b> Point Number. <b>2</b><b>13</b> Point Number. <b>3</b><b>Fig.</b><b>3</b> Example of the formation of the adsorption vessel<b>14</b> Lateral surface of the container<b>15</b> Flange with quick release<b>16</b> partition wall<b>17</b> No adsorption. <b>1</b><b>18</b> No adsorption. <b>2</b><b>19</b> No adsorption. <b>3</b><b>Fig.</b><b>4</b> Principle of operation of the adsorption<b>20</b> exhaust stream<b>21</b> Measuring gas flow to the measuring instrument before the adsorption<b>22</b> Measuring gas flow to the measuring instrument after the <b>1</b>, adsorption<b>23</b> Measuring gas flow to the measuring instrument after the <b>2</b>, adsorption<b>24</b> Heating element<b>25</b> vacuum pump<b>Fig.</b><b>5</b> Possible construction of motor vehicles with diesel or lean-burn engine<b>26</b> Adsorption of the low hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission<b>27</b> Adsorption of the proportionately high nitrogen oxide emission<b>28</b> treated exhaust

3. Detailed description of the proposal to reduce emissions

To reduce the concentration of pollutants in the case of defects in Aftertreatment system of the motor vehicle must have a meter in Exhaust path be housed, which is capable of the concentration of Pollutants capture. However, this system does not constantly in operation be, but the engine management made it to sections to selected Times on and off again, s. <b>Fig.</b> 1.

The exhaust gas flows in normal operation without hindrance through the exhaust pipe to the outside. However, If increased concentrations of pollutants downstream of the catalyst by problems in the exhaust aftertreatment system, reports the on-board Monitoring system (OBD and / or OBM) system / 6 / is not only a mistake the Driver, but switches the exhaust gas stream to pass through a solenoid valve. After this Measure the exhaust gas flows not freely into the open, but is a directed adsorption system, s. <b>Fig.</b> . 2

The adsorbent trap comprises at least one, but advantageously from more chemical substances, which not only hydrocarbons, but the CO and NO molecules by a corresponding adsorption restrain. Such a mixture can, for. Example, of activated carbon for the unburned Hydrocarbons, called from brown soil, also hopcalite, carbon monoxide, and consist of various Zeolithmassen for nitric oxide, s. <b>Fig.</b> . 3

It is important that at least two adsorption traps installed in the exhaust path are, because they have to be operated in the AC method, s. <b>Fig.</b> . 4 If the first case is saturated, this case must be taken out of service be and the exhaust gas is switched. Now the exhaust gas flows through the second Case and the first case is regenerated by a desorption process. These Regeneration can be obtained by increasing the temperature and / or by reducing the pressure can be achieved. The first measure may,., By a Heating element, the second easily realized by a vacuum pump will. It is recommended that the initial concentration of the treated flue gas watching from the adsorbent trap with a meter to the Breakthrough curve from the bulk to the right point in time to determine can. This belated Umschaltmaßnahmen be avoided.

The vapor trap must accordingly after the relevant vehicle type are selected and structured in terms of volume. For the petrol engine must moved mass ratios towards more carbon and less zeolites be. In diesel engine is more of zeolite as active carbon or hopcalite required, s. <b>Fig.</b> 5. In this case, even the coupling of active Entstickungsmaßnahmen, as in the SCR (selective kathalytischer Reduction by introducing foreign substances, eg. As urea in the Exhaust gas flow), and the adsorption process described in this application advantageous. The SCR technology is controlled map in the diesel vehicle, constantly operational. The additional nitrogen removal by adsorption is only briefly, for the Case an emission increase by special circumstances, in operation taken.

The change in case of low and no longer regenerable adsorption must be carried out easily and with modular technology. The process must comparable place at today's oil filter change. For this purpose, suitable bayonet or similar quick-release fasteners. The changing needs Adsorptionspatronen so easily done, that this process at the pump alone without can carry out professional help.

The preparation of the final spent Adsorption has organized done. These collection sites must be established at gas stations. The Adsorptionsschüttgut must be disposed of like today z. B. the used oil, ie in closed form. The further utilization of the collected Adsorption can be carried out according to the state of the art.

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