Measuring exhaust gases of any vehicle or craft to determine efficiency of anti-pollution components e.g. catalysts

1. Description of the aim of the application

The registration of vehicles is carried out after a thorough examination of all important transport and emission-related parameters in a comprehensive Process. Thus, motor vehicles defined on chassis dynamometer under tested conditions. It will include the issuance of limited pollutants measured. An authorization is performed when the measured values ​​below the statutory limits.

Although each attempt, in the various countries according to the respective Conditions and behavior aligned drive cycles for the Approval procedures are required on the chassis dynamometer, the later, to model daily practice, however, the trips soft everyday more or less strongly on the model-like driving cycles on the dynamometer.

For the determination of the state of both the combustion and the Aftertreatment system in modern motor vehicles diagnostic control systems used. These diagnostic Test methods with the aid of a plurality of transducers, the state the motor vehicle is detected. Are there variations stored on the found maps and limits, so a warning message. Of the Driver is prompted to a workshop and the reported and to fix errors stored. The warning message will go out only when Repair the fault, z. B. when replacing the faulty component / 1 /. By Local, objective data and subjective conditions can also but a delay in repair, what major to can cause environmental pollution.

The objective of this application is to describe such a method which allowed in cases of increased emissions in the exhaust gas to take action, the cause the emission of pollutants from one to to fix the problem on Minimum. With the steady increase in the number of Motor vehicles around the world seem this way a correct represent approach to the environment from the severe impact of to protect accumulation of pollutants.

2. Prior Art

Methods are already known for the reduction of emissions in the cold start phase, which enable the occurring in this phase, high concentrations mitigate. These include vapor trap, the activated carbon or zeolite are filled or coated. The exhaust gas is carried during the cold start phase this case out. Here the high emission peaks by adsorption collected. After the engine and the catalyst are warmed, leads to the liberated by desorption pollutants in the catalyst or in the back combustion chamber / 2,3,4 and 5 /.

There is currently, however, no method which allows the Pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas not only in the cold start phase, but also in Crisis situations, so if the on-board diagnostic or measuring system a Error in combustion or exhaust aftertreatment system reports to mitigate. In such cases it is left to the driver and the external circumstances, such as fast as he can go to an appropriate specialist workshop. Until this Action is not performed, the carriage abuts high concentrations of Pollutants from the environment.

3. Detailed description of the proposal to reduce emissions

To reduce elevated pollutant concentrations in the case of defects in Incineration or the exhaust gas aftertreatment system of the motor vehicle must an adsorbent trap to be placed in the exhaust path. In addition, a measuring device necessary, which is able to detect the concentration of pollutants and the sorbent trap to switch when needed in the exhaust path, s. <b>Fig.</b> 1.

The exhaust gas flows in normal operation without hindrance through the exhaust pipe to the outside. However, there are any problems in the incineration <b>1</b> or in the aftertreatment system <b>2</b> onto. <b>Fig.</b> 2, so reports the on-board monitoring system <b>3</b> (OBD or OBM) system / 6 / not only the driver an error, but also on the exhaust gas flow through a valve <b>4</b> around. After this measure flows Exhaust not unimpeded into the open, but is an adsorption system with Adsorption <b>5</b> passed.

The adsorption system may consist of one or of two adsorption traps in alternating operation <b>6</b> exist, s. <b>Fig.</b> 3. If an error occurs in the combustion system the exhaust gas is passed through an adsorption trap until the problem is solved. at failures in exhaust aftertreatment system, two adsorption traps are alternately switched, said desorbed pollutants in concentrated form into the combustion chamber of the fully operational be recycled motor and gradually degrades largely.

An adsorbent trap comprises at least one, but advantageously from more chemical substances, which not only hydrocarbons, but also the CO and NO molecules by a corresponding adsorption restrain. Such a mixture can, for. Example, activated carbon, from brown soil, also Hopcalite called, and consist of various Zeolithmassen.

If the defect is in the combustion or the exhaust aftertreatment system fixed been, the sorbent trap can be regenerated. The desorption is Increasing the temperature by means of a heating system <b>7</b> or reduction the pressure by a vacuum system <b>8th</b> reached. The pollutants are here recirculated to the combustion space (under the addition of secondary air), and there degraded. The change in case of low and no longer regenerable Adsorption is carried out easily and with modular technology. Of the Operation is performed similar to the present-day oil filter change. The preparation of finally consumed Adsorption should be organized. Adsorptionsschüttgut can be disposed of like today z. B. the used oil. The further utilization of the collected Adsorption can after development of technology take place.

List of Figures

<b>Fig.</b> 1 expiry of emission reduction measure.

<b>Fig.</b> 2 Basic arrangement of the adsorption with an adsorbent in Exhaust path of a motor vehicle.<b>1</b> combustion system<b>2</b> aftertreatment system<b>3</b> On-board monitoring system<b>4</b> Valve<b>5</b> Adsorption

<b>Fig.</b> 3 adsorption system with two adsorption traps.<b>6</b> two adsorption traps in alternating operation<b>7</b> Heating system<b>8th</b> vacuum system

bibliography

/ 1 / measures against air pollution by emissions from Motor vehicles and amending Directives 70/156 / EEC and 70/220 / EEC Council. European Parliament, meeting documents. March 24, 1997./ 2 / Schäfer, F., van Basshuysen, R .: emission control and fuel consumption of Car combustion engines. Springer-Verlag, Vienna, New York, 1993. ISBN 3-211-82485-5./ 3 / Klingenberg, H .: Automobile Measurement, Volume C: Abgasmeßtechnik. Springer-Verlag. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1995, ISBN 3-540-59108-7./ 4 / exhaust denitrinating: Daimler-Benz Environmental Report 1996, p 29th/ 5 / Lenz, HP: mixture formation in gasoline engines. Springer-Verlag, Wien, New York 1990. ISBN 3-211-82193-7./ 6 / patent application 198 26 179.9: control of the combustion process and the Aftertreatment in zero-emission vehicles.