CZ97598A3

Sausage casing welded by edge weld and articled packaged therein

Abstract

This record has no abstract on file.

CZ97598A3, drawing sheet 1 — Sheet 1 of 14

Term

Term ended

Projected expiry passed 7 October 2016, 10 years ago.

28 claims: 3 independent, 25 dependent

1
PATENTOVÉ NÁROKY (změněné) 1. Střevo s lemovým svarem ze smrštitelné, podélně svařené folie, vyznačující se tím, že obsahuje:(A) první vnější (rubovou) vrstvu z prvního polyolefinu obsahujícího alespoň jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny, kterou tvoří: (I) kopolymer ethylen/nenasycená kyselina, kopolymer propylen/nenasycená kyselina, kopolymer buten/nenasycená kyselina, v nichž nenasycená kyselina je přítomna v množství nejméně 4 % hmotnostní z hmotnosti kopolymeru, a (II) polyolefin obsahující anhydrid, ve kterém je anhydrídová funkce obsažena v množství nejméně 1 % hmot, z hmotnosti polyolefinu obsahujícího anhydrid;(B) druhou vrstvu obsahující nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestavené z polyesteru a prvního polyamidu a (C) třetí vrstvu obsahující nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z druhého polyolefinu, polystyrenu a druhého polyamidu, a kde druhá vrstva je mezi první a třetí vrstvou a má tlouštku nejméně 5 % celkové tlouštky teplem smrštitelné folie, přičemž je první vrstva určena pro použití jako vrstva v kontaktu s obsahem finálního baleného výrobku.
2
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 1, vyznačující se t i m , že třetí vrstva obsahuje druhý polyolefin.
3
Střevo s lemovými svarem podle nároku 2, vyznačující se t i m , že druhá vrstva obsahuje první polyamid. * ·
4
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 2, vyznačující se t í m , že první vrstva dále obsahuje třetí polyolefin zahrnující nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z homopolymerů nebo kopolymerů monomeru vybraného mezi ethylenem, propylenem a butenem.
5
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 4, vyznačující setím, že druhý i třetí polyolefin mají bod měknutí podle Vicata nejméně 90 °C.
6
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 5, vyznačující se tím, že první polyolefin obsahuje kopolymer ethylen/nenasycená kyselina, přičemž je mer nenasycené kyseliny obsažen v množství nejméně 9 % z hmotnosti kopolymerů ethylen/nenasycená kyselina.
7
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 5, vyznačující se tím, že třetí vrstva obsahuje druhý polyamid.
8
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 2, vyznačující se tím, že první polyolefin obsahuje kopolymer ethylen/nenasycená kyselina, přičemž je nenasycená kyselina jako monomem! jednotka přítomna v množství nejméně 6 % hmot, z hmotnosti kopolymerů ethylen/nenasycená kyselina.
9
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 8, vyznačující se t i m , že folie střeva rovněž obsahuje čtvrtou vrstvu, již je vnitřní vrstva sloužící jako protikyslíková bariéra, přičemž čtvrtá vrstva obsahuje * φ • « • · · · nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z kopolymeru ethylen/vinylalkohol, vinylidenchloridového kopolymeru, ethylenkarbonátového kopolymeru a polyamidu.
10
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 9, vyznačující se tím, že druhá a čtvrtá vrstva jsou k sobě přímo adherované.
11
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 9, vyznačující se tím, že folie střeva rovněž obsahuje pátou a šestou vrstvu, přičemž:pátá vrstva je mezi první a druhou vrstvou a šestá vrstva je mezi druhou a třetí vrstvou;pátá vrstva obsahuje nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající ze čtvrtého polyolefinu, polystyrenu a polyurethanu, a šestá vrstva obsahuje nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z pátého polyolefinu, polystyrenu a polyurethanu.
12
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 11, vyznačující se t i m , že v něm poměr:(a) součtu tlouštek první vrstvy a páté vrstvy k (b) součtu tlouštek třetí vrstvy a šesté vrstvy je od 0,7 : 1 do 1,3 : 1.
13
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 11, vyznačující se t i m , že v něm:pátá vrstva je soudržná mezivrstva a obsahuje nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z roubovaného kopolymeru ethylen/alfa-olefin, roubovaného kopolymeru ethylen/nenasycený ester a roubovaného kopolymeru ♦ · · ♦ « · * · 9 · ethylen/nenasycená kyselina, a šestá vrstva je soudržná mezivrstva a obsahuje nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z roubovaného kopolymeru ethylen/alfa-olefin, roubovaného kopolymeru ethylen/nenasycený ester a roubovaného kopolymeru ethylen/nenasycená kyselina.
14
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 13, vyznačující se t i m , že v něm:druhá vrstva má tlouštku od 5 do 20 % celkové tloušťky vícevrstvé folie, a čtvrtá vrstva má tloušťku méně než asi 15 % celkové tloušťky vícevrstvé folie.
15
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 13, vyznačující se tím, že v něm první polyamid obsahuje nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z polyamidu 6, polyamidu 66, polyamidu 9, polyamidu 10, polyamidu 11, polyamidu 12, polyamidu 69, polyamidu 610, polyamidu 612, polyamidu 61, polyamidu 6T a jejich kopolymeru.
16
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 15, vyznačující se tím, že v něm první polyamid obsahuje nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z polyamidu 6, polyamidu 66 a polyamidu 6/66.
17
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 16, vyznačující se tím, že v něm folie na výrobu střeva dále obsahuje:sedmou vrstvu, která je mezi první vrstvou a druhou vrstvou, přičemž taco sedmá vrstva obsahuje šestý 7 V * • · · · • · • · polyolefin, a osmou vrstvu, která je mezi druhou a třetí vrstvou, přičemž tato osmá vrstva obsahuje sedmý polyolefin.
18
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 17, vyznačující se tím, že v něm teplem smrštitelná folie na výrobu střeva má biaxiální (dvousměrnou) orientaci. svarem je střevo s sestávající jednak foliové pásky pro
19
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 17, vyznačující se tím, že folie z něhož je vyrobeno má volné smrštění při 85 °C (185 °F) nejméně 10 % nejméně v jednom směru.
20
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 19, vyznačující se tím, že v něm nejméně část folie střeva obsahuje zesítěnou polymerní mřížku.
21
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 1, vyznačující se tím, že střevo s lemovým svarem je střevo s lemovým svarem svařeným přeplátovaným svarem.
22
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 1, vyznačující se tím, že střevo s lemovým lemovým svarem svařeným na tupo, z folie střeva, jednak ze svařovací utěsnění tupého svaru.
23
Střevo s lemovým svarem podle nároku 22, vyznačující se tím, že v něm svařovací foliová páska pro utěsnění tupého svaru je teplem • · t • · · · • · • · · • « · smrštitelná.
24
Balení obsahující masný výrobek ve střevu s lemovým svarem, vyznačující se tím, že je tvoří podélně svařené foliové střevo, přičemž je vařený masný výrobek adherován na povrch folie střeva určený pro kontakt s masem, přičemž folie střeva obsahuje:(A) první vnější vrstvu obsahující první polyolefin zahrnující nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z: (I) kopolymerů ethylen/nenasycená kyselina, kopolymerů propylen/nenasycená kyselina a kopolymerů buten/nenasycená kyselina, přičemž je nenasycená kyselina obsažena v množství nejméně 4 % hmot, z hmotnosti kopolymerů, a (II) polyolefinu obsahujícího anhydrid s anhydridovou funkční skupinou, kde je anhydridová skupina přítomna v množství nejméně 1 % hmot, z hmotnosti polyolefinu obsahujícího anhydrid;(B) druhou vrstvu obsahující nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny složené z polyesteru a prvního polyamidu, a (C) třetí vrstvu obsahující nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny sestávající z druhého polyolefinu, polystyrenu a druhého polyamidu;a v níž druhá vrstva je mezi první vrstvou a třetí vrstvou a druhá vrstva má tloušťku nejméně 5 % z celkové tlouštky smrštitelné folie střeva, přičemž je první vrstva určena pro použití jako vrstva v kontaktu s obsahem finálního baleného výrobku.
25
Balení podle nároku 24, vyznačující se tím, že masný výrobek zahrnuje nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny složené z kuřete, šunky, hovězího, jehněčího, • * ♦ ryby, játrového salámu, bologni a mortadela.
26
Baleni podle nároku 25, vyznačující se tím, že povrch první vrstvy určený pro styk s masem se upravuje korónou a maso obsahuje nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny složené z játrového salámu, bologni a mortadely.
27
Balení podle nároku 24, vyznačující se tím, že vnější povrch druhé vrstvy se upravuje korónou.
28
Střevo s lemovým svarem obsahující teplem smrštitelnou podélně svařenou folii střeva, vyznačující se tím, že zahrnuje:(A) první vnější vrstvu obsahující první polyolefin, která má povrchovou energii menši než 34 dyn/cm;(B) druhou vrstvu obsahující první polyamid s teplotou tání nejméně 148 °C (300 °F);(C) třetí vrstvu obsahující nejméně jeden člen vybraný ze skupiny složené z druhého polyolefinu, polystyrenu a druhého polyamidu, a v niž druhá vrstva je mezi první vrstvou a třetí vrstvou a má tlouštku nejméně 5 % z celkové tlouštky smrštitelné folie střeva, přičemž je první vrstva určena pro použití jako vrstva v kontaktu s obsahem finálního baleného výrobku.

Independent claims28

451 paragraphs in 13 sections, as filed

Technical field

The present invention relates to multi-layered films, in particular multi-layered films useful for making backseamed casings for packaging meat products. In particular, it relates to backseamed casings suitable for packaging protein-containing food products in which the film is adjacent to the food product, and in particular to so-called low-fat food products with relatively high protein content such as poultry, ham, roast beef and the like. The present invention is also directed to packaging.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Processed meat products such as poultry or ham are often packaged in flexible thermoplastic, heat-shrinkable film sleeves, commonly referred to as intestines. Although some casings have a flattened width of 15.24 to 50.8 cm (6-20 inches), some products such as ham and so on. they are often packaged in intestines with a smaller flat width (flattened sleeve width), for example, in a width of 7.62 to 15.24 cm (3 to 6 inches). Often, these intestines must have a strictly adhered width, as the products are shipped with a declared weight uniform for individual packages, and in addition, the packages contain a sliced product at uniform intervals so that all packages contain the same number of slices. Therefore, variations in the width of the intestines can result in both unwanted variations in the total weight of the package and in unwanted variations in the weight of the slices.

Therefore, there is a need for small and uniform diameter bowels. However, it is relatively difficult to produce shrinkable casings seamless (without hem weld) with a small and accurately controlled width by simple commercial methods. Consequently, there is an objective need to find another method of producing bowels with a small and accurately controlled flattened sleeve width (flat width).

Hem-welded casings of small and uniform diameter are known. These small diameter intestine casings have a precisely controlled width, i.e. a flattened width independent of the unstable extrusion process. In preparing a backseamed casing (for example, using a Nishibe HSP-250-SA backseam welding machine from Nishibe Kikai Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan), the advancing flat sheet is folded over the forming hoof. This hoof former is part of a welding machine that closes the hem weld and the film underneath and passes therethrough so that the flat foil is first formed into a longitudinally sealed wafer sleeve (to form a lap casing with a lap weld) or has a foil over the entire edge to each other (intestine with hem butt weld), the sleeve width being determined by the circumference of the forming hoof. The longitudinal welding of the lap or butt weld is then carried out on the film between the forming hoof and the welding device, so that a casing with a flange joint welded by either lap or butt weld is formed. Butt-welded casings use welding strips to seal a butt weld welded to the inner or outer surface of the casing foil. In any case, the resulting sleeve, referred to as a backseamed casing, is sealed or sealed after filling with the meat product. In some applications, the meat product in the backseamed casing is subsequently cooked.

It would be desirable to provide the market with a highly uniform backseamed casing suitable for the final preparation of the product by boiling in a pre-consumable package, made from a film with high adhesion to a high protein meat product, such as some types of ham or turkey meat. However, it would also be desirable to provide a backseamed casing sufficiently resistant to withstand product preparation by boiling in the package.

It is known that high adhesion of the film to the meat product requires a polar surface. This adhesion of the film to the meat is often needed to prevent the curling, i.e., boiling, that may occur when cooking the meat packaged in the film, if the film does not adhere sufficiently to the meat during cooking. The polar surface of the foil can be secured by: a) a polar resin in the sheet in contact with the meat, and / or b) treating the surface of the sheet in contact with the meat, for example by ionization (coronary discharge). Typically, the polar polymers used to improve adhesion to the meat may be: ethylene-unsaturated acid copolymer, anhydride-containing polyolefin, and polyamide.

It is known that the adhesion of the film to the meat is improved by the effect of the corona on the surface of the film to which the meat is to adhere. However, corona action also alters the film surface, which may occasionally result in a worse reliability of the welded joint, which is then more likely to leak than when the film surface is not corona treated. This problem of permeable sealing of the welded joint can be eliminated by abrading the effects of the corona in the sealing zone, so that the beneficial effects of the corona (better adhesion to the meat) can be maintained on most of the foil surface coming into contact with the meat. due to corona exposure. However, this degree of grinding is undesirable because it is an additional manufacturing step that complicates production and increases its cost. In addition, this stage is often unreliable and does not have uniform effects.

Since the skirt is usually welded only after corona exposure, the shrinkage of the film during welding on the forming hoof together with the shifting of the film after shrinking over the forming hoof results in friction of the film at the edges of the forming hoof. This friction reduces or abolishes the effects of the corona, at least in the region where the foil rubs on the forming hoof. Therefore, backseamed casings of corona treated foils may exhibit slugging where friction on the forming hoof has occurred. In addition, corona action may be discontinuous, at least with respect to the prevention of bruising in products with moderate protein content. It would be desirable for the intestinal foil to have a uniform and necessary level of adhesion to proteins and / or proteins. masu. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a non-corona-treated cored facing casing of high protein products to the market in which the adhesion of the casing foil to the meat products would be uniform throughout the foil.

Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a small and uniform diameter edging casing shrinkable and suitable for cooking in a pre-consumable package, exhibiting good spill resistance and a good weld strength that could be economically produced when stripping the wrapper from cooked the meat product, due to its good peelability, did not show large losses and with a good oxygen barrier, so that the meat product would ensure good shelf life.

It has been found that heat-shrinkable films having an outer layer showing good adhesion to the meat, which are otherwise suitable for use as a backseamed casing, have the undesirable property of being strangled when closing the backseat on the forming hoof. It is believed that strangulation on the forming hoof causes shrinkage of the film upon heat sealing of the backseam. This means that heat welding can cause considerable shrinkage of the film in the region around the weld, resulting in strangulation of the intestine edges around the forming hoof. The result of this constriction is a gut with curly edges, a visually noticeable difference in the gut. In the extreme case, the constriction leads to the rupture of the film, since the shrinkage of the film on the forming hoof exerts such resistance that the film ruptures. Therefore, it would be desirable to find a casing foil that would not shrink (i.e. not twist) on the forming hoof when welding the skirt joint.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has been found that the presence of an inner layer containing a polyamide, especially a high modulus polyamide, allows the preparation of a film which does not become strangled on the forming hoof during the hem welding operation if the polyamide layer represents at least 5% of the total film thickness. While the reasons why the inner polyamide layer prevents strangulation on the forming hoof are not yet known with certainty, it is believed that various factors such as heat transfer or shrinkage characteristics, etc. they are the cause of this welcome property that there is no strangulation on the forming hoof. In addition, the inner polyamide layer improves the quality of the intestinal foil by making it easier to orient, increasing the welding speed of the hem joint and improving its strength, toughness, springing and crater and hole resistance.

It has also been found that in the case of an anhydride-containing polyolefin, when the anhydride function is present in an amount of the order of 1% by weight or less, the polymer often does not exhibit the necessary meat adhesion in the case of medium or low protein meat products. On the other hand, polymers such as polyamide may, in some cases, exhibit excessive adhesion to the meat and tend to attain a high adhesion to the meat. Peeling of the meat product exhibit poor peelability and entrain the meat through the intestine, thereby breaking the smooth surface required after removal of the intestine from the foil from the cooked meat product and also entailing losses. Polyamides are also relatively expensive polymers. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a foil casing with sufficient adhesion to the meat to avoid bruising, while at the same time being able to peel the meat film without entraining the meat due to excessive adhesion of the film to the cooked meat product. However, it has been found that adequate adhesion to the meat can be achieved by using an anhydride-containing polyolefin with an anhydride content of at least 1%.

This patent is primarily directed to a backseamed casing of shrinkable film. The heat-shrinkable film comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, the first and third layers being outer layers and the second layer being therebetween. The first outer layer serves as the backing layer of the intestine and comprises the first polyolefin. The first polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of: (I) an ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer, a propylene / unsaturated acid copolymer, and a butylene / unsaturated acid copolymer in which the unsaturated acid is present in an amount of at least 4% by weight; and (II) a polyolefin with an anhydride group in which the anhydride function is present in an amount of at least 1% by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin with an anhydride function. The second layer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyester and a first polyamide. The third layer serves as a facing layer of the intestine and comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a second polyolefin, styrene and a second polyamide. The second layer has a thickness of at least 5% of the total thickness of the shrinkable casing film.

··· · · · ···· · • · · « · · ·

In the first layer, the first polyolefin preferably comprises an ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer with an unsaturated acid monomer in an amount of at least 6% by weight of the ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer; even more preferably, the unsaturated acid is present in an amount of at least 9% by weight, based on the amount of ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer.

Preferably, the first layer further comprises a third polyolefin comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene and butylene homopolymers or copolymers. More preferably, the third polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, propylene / alphaolefin copolymer, butylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymer . More preferably, the third polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), propylene / ethylene copolymer, and propylene / butene copolymer. More preferably, the third polyolefin comprises LLDPE.

Preferably, the second layer comprises a first polyamide. More preferably, the first polyamide comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 9, polyamide 10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 69, poylamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 61, polyamide 6T, and their copolymers. More preferably, the first polyamide comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, polyamide 66, and copolyamide 6/66.

The third layer preferably comprises a second polyolefin. Preferably, the second polyolefin has a Vicat softening point of at least 80 ° C; more preferably, it is 90 ° C; and even more, it is preferable to be 100 Deň: 32 ° C. The softening point of the second polyolefin must be high enough to allow cooking in the package without breaking the sealing joint (if the polyolefin is used as a sealing layer). In an alternatively preferred embodiment, the third layer comprises a second polyamide with or without a second polyolefin, more preferably as an alternative replacement for the second polyolefin.

Preferably, the enteric film further comprises a fourth layer that is an inner layer within the film serving as an oxygen barrier, the fourth layer comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer, vinylidene chloride copolymer, ethylene carbonate copolymer and polyamide. Preferably, the second and fourth layers are in direct contact.

Preferably, the enteric film further comprises a fifth layer and a sixth layer, wherein: (a) the fifth layer is between the first and second layers and the sixth layer is between the second and third layers; (b) the fifth layer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a fourth polyolefin, polystyrene and polyurethane; and (c) sixth layer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a fifth polyolefin, polystyrene and polyurethane. Preferably, the fifth layer serves as a coherent interlayer and comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a modified ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, a modified ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer and a modified ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer. It is preferred that the sixth layer serves as a coherent interlayer and comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a modified ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, a modified ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer and a modified ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer.

···· ·· · · · · · · ·· • · · · ···♦ ··« · ···· · * · · ··· · · ♦ · · · · · • · · · · · · ««· ·· · · · · · · ·

Preferably, the enteric film further comprises: (a) a seventh layer disposed between the first and second layers, the seventh layer comprising a sixth polyolefin; and (b) an eighth layer disposed between the second and third layers, the eighth layer comprising a seventh polyolefin.

Preferably, the ratio of (a) the sum of the thicknesses of the first layer and the fifth layer to (b) the sum of the thicknesses of the third layer and the sixth layer is from 0.7: 1 to 1.3: 1. Preferably, the second layer has a thickness of from 5 to 20% of the total thickness of the multilayer film. It is also preferred that the heat-shrinkable film has a biaxial (bi-directional) orientation. The casing sheet preferably has a free shrinkage at 85 ° C (185 ° F) of at least 10% in at least one direction. At least a portion of the casing film preferably comprises a crosslinked polymer.

According to the present invention, the backseamed casing may be welded either as backseamed or butt casing. Butt-welded casing consists of a casing foil and a sealing foil tape for sealing the weld. Preferably, the weld sealing tape comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyamide or polystyrene, and it is preferred that the weld sealing tape is heat-shrinkable.

As a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a cooked meat product contained in a backseamed casing. The backseamed casing is described in accordance with the first or third aspect of the present invention, and the cooked meat product is adhered to the back surface of the casing sheet in contact with the meat.

Preferably, the meat product comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of poultry, ham, beef, lamb, fish, liver pate, bologna salami, mortadella, braunschweiger salami, goat and horse meat; more preferably, it is poultry, ham, beef, lamb, fish, pate, bologna and mortadela. It is preferred that the surface of the first meat contact layer is corona treated and the meat product comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of pate, bologna and mortadella. It is preferred that the facing layer of the intestinal foil is also corona treated. It is preferred that the meat comprises 0-30% fat, more preferably 1-15%, even more preferably 2-10%, and most preferably 3-7%. The backseamed casings recommended for these packaging applications include the backseamed casings of the present invention.

If the backseamed casings of the first aspect of this aspect are used without corona treatment (or equivalent), it is preferred that the cooked meat product comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of turkey, ham, beef, fish in which the meat product the fat comprises from 2 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 8% and even more preferably from 4 to 6%. When using a corona treated backseamed casing (or equivalent) according to the first aspect of this aspect, the cooked meat product preferably comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ham, beef, liver pate, bologna salami, mortadella, horse or goat meat; even more preferably, the meat product comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ham, liver pate, bologna salami and mortadella; it is preferred that the cooked meat product comprises fat in an amount of from 3 to 40% by weight, preferably from 5 to 30%, and more preferably from 10 to 15%.

When, according to the third aspect of this aspect, a corona (or equivalent) of backseamed casing is used, the cooked meat product preferably comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of turkey meat and fish, wherein the meat product contains fat in an amount of 1 % to 2 wt.%, preferably 2 to 6%, even more preferably 3 to 5%.

The present invention, as a third aspect, is directed to a backseamed casing comprising a shrinkable casing foil having: (A) a first outer layer serving as a backsheet, wherein the first outer layer comprises a first polyolefin having a surface energy of less than about 34 dynes / cm; (B) a second layer comprising a first polyamide having a melting point of at least 148.89 ° C (300 ° F), (C) a third layer serving as a facing (outer) intestinal surface layer, the third layer comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a second polyolefin, polystyrene, and a second polyamide. The second layer is located between the first layer and the third layer and has a thickness of at least 5% of the total thickness of the heat-shrinkable casing sheet.

In a lap-backed casing according to the third aspect of the invention, the first polyolefin preferably has a Vicat softening point of at least 70 ° C, more preferably 80 ° C, to provide the necessary weld strength. In the butt-welded backseam casing according to this third aspect of the present invention, the Vicat softening point of the first polyolefin is of less critical importance. More preferably, the first polyolefin is a relatively non-polar polymer with a surface energy of less than 32 dynes / cm.

Overview of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional backseamed casing of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows an enlarged cross-section of a first recommended casing film suitable for use on a welded casing

the lap flange joint shown in FIG. 1.

Figure 3 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a second recommended casing film suitable for use on the casing welded overlapped hem joint shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a third recommended casing film suitable for use in the casing welded overlapped hem joint shown in Figure 1.

Figure 5 shows a cross-section of the butt-welded casing according to the invention.

Figure 6 shows an enlarged cross-section of the first recommended casing film suitable for use with the butt-welded casing shown in Figure 5.

Figure 7 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the first recommended sealing foil tape for sealing butt welds suitable for producing the hem of butt weld casing shown in Figure 5.

Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of the production of a recommended shrinkable casing foil and / or butt-seal foil tape applicable to backseamed casings in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 9 shows an overview of the first pack according to the invention.

Figure 10 shows an overview of a second package according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the terms packaging and packaged product refer to commercial goods in which the product (preferably a food product, even more preferably a food product containing meat) is enclosed in a packaging film.

As used herein, the term flattened film refers to a film that has been extruded as a wide, thin-walled sleeve with a circular cross-section, usually expanded by inflation, cooled, then withdrawn by a roll assembly and wound in a flattened state. The term flattened sleeve width refers to half the circumference of the inflated sleeve of the film.

As used herein, the term backseamed casing refers to any casing (foil sleeve) welded with a longitudinal weld. using the Nishibe Model HSP-250SA welding machine or the Tonani Model FD-350C welding machine from Totani Giken Kogyo Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan; or by folding the foil strip over the forming hoof of a vertical filler and welding machine and forming a longitudinal weld at the lap of both film edges, for example using an ONPACK-2002 (TM) welding machine from Orihiro Company, Ltd., Tomioka City, Japan. Even for overlap-welded casings, foil welding strips between the surfaces at the overlapping site can be used to facilitate welding. The butt-welded casing can be formed by: folding the film web over the forming hoof of a horizontal welding machine, the opposing edges longitudinally touching without overlapping; then using a foil welding tape to seal the contacting edges, with longitudinal welding of the foil welding tape to the contacting edges to form a weld-tight sleeve.

In the backseamed casings of the present invention, the chemical composition of the second layer may be present in either one or more layers of the film. If the composition is in more than one layer, it is preferable to arrange the layers so as to provide a reasonable degree of symmetry to the film and thus a relatively straight, crimped layer. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

It is preferred that the welded skirt intestine of the present invention has a flattened width of less than 10 inches; more preferably, it is 1 to 10 inches and even more preferably it is 2 to 8 inches; a width of 3 to 7 inches and a maximum of 4 to 6 inches is recommended. It is believed that for any film to be welded with a hem seam, the problem of strangulation on the forming hoof worsens as the width of the flattened intestine decreases.

It is preferred that the shrinkable multilayer films of the present invention are substantially symmetrical in cross-section in terms of both the thickness of the layers and their chemical composition, in order to ensure a relatively low curl of the film. For example, for a three-layered backseamed casing film according to the present invention, the a / b ratio is preferably from 0.7 to 1.3, more preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 and even more preferably from 0.9 to 1.3

1.1 if a is the thickness of the first outer layer and b is the thickness of the second outer layer. For a preferred six-ply hemmed casing film of the present invention, the ratio of the sum of the thicknesses of the first layer and the fifth layer to the sum of the thicknesses of the second and sixth layers is preferably from 0.7 to 1.3; more preferably from 0.8 to 1.2; and more preferably from 0.9 to 0.9

1.1.

The heat-shrinkable casing film of the present invention preferably has a free shrinkage at 85 ° C (185 ° F) of from 5 to 70% in one or both directions (i.e., in the longitudinal direction L referred to in both machine direction and transverse direction T) determined according to ASTM D 2732; more preferably from 10 to 50% also at 85 ° C (185 ° F); even more preferably from 15 to 35% at 85 ° C (185 ° F). Preferably, the intestinal foil is biaxially oriented, and especially has a free shrinkage at 85 ° C (185 ° F) of at least 10% in both directions (L and T), but preferably 15% in both directions. Preferably, the intestinal foil has a total free shrinkage of 30-50% (L + T) at 85 ° C (185 ° F). In the case of butt-welded backseamed casings, the foil sealing tape may or may not shrink to seal the backseat.

As used herein, the term welded or sealed refers to all methods of sealing a package, such as hot air and / or hot welding, supersonic and high frequency welding, and even the use of staples, for example, for glazed bowels and the like. As used herein, the term heat welding means welding resulting from the contact of the film with the hot body, for example using a hot welding body, hot wire, hot air and the like.

It is preferred that the skirt-welded casing of the present invention has a strength of at least 3 pounds per inch (as measured according to ASTM F88 on an Instron device); more preferably, it is 0.893 to 17.86 kg / cm (5-100 lb / in), more preferably it is 1.25-8.93 kg / cm (7-50 lb / in), even more preferably it is 1.786 -5.358 kg / cm (10-30 lb / in) and preferably when it is 2.679-3.572 kg / cm (15-20 lb / in).

The term butt weld as used herein refers to the seal that occurs when the opposing edges of the film are brought to the touch and then welded a band near these edges to the welding tape, as shown in Figure 5.

As used herein, the term "lap seal" refers to the seal formed by lapping one edge with the other edge of the film and forming a wrap by welding the inner (reverse) surface of the film to its outer (facing) surface, as shown in Figure 4.

As used herein, the layer in contact with meat refers to that layer of a multilayer film that is in direct contact with the meat product wrapped in the film. The layer in contact with the meat is an outer (edge) layer so that it may be in direct contact with the meat product. The meat contact layer is also the inner side in the sense that in the packaged meat product the meat contact layer is the innermost layer of the film that is in direct contact with the food.

As used herein, the surface in contact with meat refers to the surface of the layer in contact with the meat that is in direct contact with the meat in the package.

As used herein, adherence and adherence refers to maintaining direct contact between the meat surface and the film surface in contact with the meat such that no fat or a larger amount of free liquid components, for example, juices excluded from the meat product, usually referred to as a slug, separates them. Generally, there are no larger amounts of free liquids when the amount of free liquids is 0-2% by weight of the meat product before cooking. It is preferred that the amount of free liquids is from 0 to 1%, preferably from 0 to 0.5% and even more preferably from 0 to 0.1% by weight of the meat before cooking.

As used herein, wrapping refers to a method of cooking an article packaged in a material capable of facing long and slow cooking conditions without losing the contents of the package, such as boiling at 57 ° C to 121 ° C (i.e. 135 ° F to 250 ° F) for 2 to 12 hours, preferably 57 ° C to 95 ° C (i.e. 135 ° F to 203 ° F) for 2 to 12 hours. Foods cooked in packaging are basically, portioned packaged foods (for convenience stores) and pre-cooked foods that can be passed on directly to the consumer in this form. These types of food can be consumed heated or without heating. Packaging materials for cooking in the package retain their intact weld strength and, in the case of multi-layer films, are resistant to delamination. The wrapping films in the wrapping may be heat-shrinkable under the wrapping conditions in the wrapping to form a wrapper closely adjacent to the meat. The wrapping films have a strong tendency to adhere to the meat product, thereby preventing boiling and bruising, which is the accumulation of juices between the outer surface of the food product and the surface of the film in contact with the meat, i.e. the surface in direct contact with the meat. Other optional properties of the film for use in boiling in the package are delarination resistance, low oxygen permeability, heat shrinkage of 20% to 50% biaxial shrinkage at 85 ° C (185 ° F), and optical clarity.

EVOH as used herein refers to ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymers. EVOH includes saponified or hydrolyzed ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers and refers to copolymers of vinyl alcohol with an ethylene comonomer, which can be prepared, for example, by hydrolysis of vinyl acetate copolymers. The degree of hydrolysis is preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 85%.

As used herein, the term barrier and barrier layer used for films and / or film layers is used to denote the ability of the film or film layer to form an oxygen barrier.

As used herein, the term lamination and laminated film refers to a method of joining two or more layers of film and other materials together and the resulting article. The lamination can be carried out by bonding the layers with adhesive, heat and pressure, corona effect and even with the help of painted (deposited) coatings and extrusion coating layers. The term laminate includes coextruded multilayer films with one or more coherent interlayers.

As used herein, the term & quot; oriented & quot; refers to a polymer-containing material that has been expanded at an elevated temperature & lt; - & gt; & lt; - & gt; The temperature (orientation temperature) was then stabilized in the expanded configuration by cooling while essentially retaining the expanded dimensions. Subsequent heating of the oriented non-tempered polymer-containing material (not yet relieved of internal stress) to the orientation temperature causes thermal shrinkage to nearly the dimensions prior to the expansion orientation. In particular, the term "oriented" as used herein refers to oriented films in which orientation can be achieved in one or more of a number of ways.

As used herein, the term & quot; orientation ratio & quot; refers to the result of increasing the dimension to the extent to which the plastic film is stretched in several directions, generally two directions perpendicular to each other. The expansion in the machine direction is referred to herein as the elongation, while the transverse direction is referred to herein as the expansion. The degree of orientation is also referred to as the orientation ratio, sometimes as the tension ratio.

As used herein, the term monomer refers to a relatively simple compound, usually a low molecular weight carbon that can react by coupling with the same or other similar molecules or compounds.

As used herein, the term comonomer refers to a monomer that is copolymerized with at least one different monomer by a copolymerization reaction to form a comonomer.

As used herein, the term polymer refers to polymerization reaction products and includes homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, and the like. In principle, the film layers may consist of a single polymer or may contain other polymers in admixture.

As used herein, the term homopolymer is used in relation to a polymer resulting from the polymerization of a single monomer, i.e. a polymer consisting essentially of repeating units of a single species.

As used herein, copolymer refers to polymers formed by the polymerization reaction of at least two different monomers. The term copolymer includes, for example, the copolymerization reaction product of ethylene and an alpha-olefin such as 1-hexene. However, the term copolymer also includes, for example, copolymerization of a mixture of ethylene, propylene, 1-hexene and 1-octene.

The term polymerization as used herein includes homopolymerization, copolymerization, terpolymerization, and the like. and includes all types of copolymerization such as statistical, grafting, block and the like. In general, the polymers used in the films of the present invention can be prepared in accordance with any of the polymerization methods including suspension, vapor phase and high pressure polymerization.

As used herein, copolymerization refers to the simultaneous polymerization of two or more monomers.

The principle in this patent is that the copolymer identified by the enumeration of the respective monomers, for example propylene / ethylene copolymer, refers to a copolymer in which one or the other monomer copolymerizes in a higher weight or mole percentage. However, it is usual for the first monomer to be polymerized in a higher percentage by weight than the second monomer, and in the case of copolymers such as terpolymers, quadripolymers and the like. as a rule, the first monomer copolymerizes at a higher weight percent than the second monomer, and the second monomer at a higher weight percent than the third ap.

The terminology used herein to determine the chemical identity of the copolymer (for example, an ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer) determines the comonomers copolymerized to form a copolymer. The designation as ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer is equivalent to the term ethylene / alpha copolymer.

olefin.

As used herein, the term heterogeneous polymer refers to polymerization reaction products with a relatively wide variety of molecular weights and a relatively wide variety of chemical compositions, i.e., polymers prepared using, for example, conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Heterogeneous polymers are useful in the various film layers used in the present invention. Such polymers typically contain a relatively broad spectrum of chains of varying lengths and percentages of comonomers.

As used herein, the term heterogeneous catalyst refers to a catalyst suitable for use in the polymerization of heterogeneous polymers as defined above. Heterogeneous catalysts contain different types of active centers differing in Lewis acidity and spherical conditions in the surrounding. Ziegler-Natta catalysts are heterogeneous catalysts. Examples of heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta systems include metal halides activated by an organometallic cocatalyst such as titanium chloride, optionally containing magnesium chloride in complex bond with a trialkylaluminum, and can be found in patents such as U.S. Patent No. 4,302,565 to Goeke et al. No. 4,302,566 to Karol et al., incorporated herein by reference in their entirety by reference to detailed descriptions.

As used herein, the term homogeneous polymer refers to polymerization reaction products having a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution and a relatively narrow chemical composition distribution. Homogeneous polymers are useful in the various layers of multilayer films used in the present invention. Homogeneous polymers exhibit relatively regular comonomer sequencing in the chain, repeating sequence distribution in all t

chains and length similarity of all chains and are typically prepared using metallocene or other type of catalysis at a single active center.

Especially homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers can be characterized by one or more methods known to those skilled in the art (molecular weight distribution), chemical composition distribution width index (CDBI), narrow melting range and behavior characterized by a single melting point. Molecular weight distribution (Ι * ζ, / Μηalso known as polydispersity can be determined by gel chromatography. Homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers useful in the present invention should have (M + / M +)n) less than 2., 1. Better if ((«./ Μη) will range from 1.9 to 2.5. Better yet, (Mn / Mn) will be between 1.9 and 2.3. The chemical composition distribution width index (DCBI) of such ethylene-alpha-olefin comonomers will usually be greater than 70%. CDBI is defined as the percentage by weight of copolymer molecules having a comonomer content within 50% (i.e., plus or minus 50%) of the mean total comonomer molar content. The CDBI of linear comonomer-free polyethylene is defined as 100%. CDBI is determined by increasing temperature elution fractionation (TREF) technique1). The CDBI assay clearly distinguishes the homogeneous copolymers used in this invention (narrow CDBI chemical composition distribution range generally above 70%) from heterogeneous polymers such as commercially available VLDPE, which generally have a wide CDBI composition distribution range below 55%. The CDBI of the copolymer is readily calculated based on data obtained by procedures known in the art, such as, for example, the elution fractionation at rising temperature described, for example, by Wild et al. In J. Poles. Sci. Poly.Fys. Ed., Vol. 20, 1982, p. 441. It is preferred that homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers have a CDBI of greater than 70%, i.e. between 70 and 99%. In general, homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers in the multilayer sheet of the present invention exhibit a relatively narrow melting range compared to heterogeneous copolymers, i.e. polymers having a CDBI of less than 55%. It is preferred that the homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers basically exhibit a single melting point with a maximum melting point (Tnby a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) between 60 ° C and 110 ° C. Preferably, the homogeneous copolymer has a maximum Tn according to DSC, between 90 ° C and 110 ° C. As used herein, in principle a single melting point means that at least 80% by weight corresponds to a single maximum Tn in the range of 60 ° C to 110 ° C, and according to DSC analysis, no significant material fraction has a maximum melting point above 115 ° C. DSC measurement is performed on a Perkin Elmer System 7 Thermal Analysis System. The melting values obtained are the second melting values, i.e. the sample is heated at a programmed rate of 10 ° C / min. to a temperature below the critical range. Then the sample is reheated (second melting) at a programmed rate of 10 ° C / min.

A homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer can generally be prepared by copolymerizing ethylene with any one or more alpha-olefins. Preferably, the alpha-olefin is α-monoolefin C3-C2or more preferably when the α-monoolefin is C4-Whose2 and even more preferably, the α-monoolefin is C 1 -C 8. More preferably, the alpha-olefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1, i.e. 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene. Most preferably, the alpha-olefin comprises octene-1 and / or a mixture of hexene-1 and butene-1.

Methods for preparing homogeneous polymers are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 5,206,075, U.S. Patent No. 5,241,031, and in U.S. Pat.

·· ······ ·· • · · . ·· · • ···· ·» ·· • · ····«· • · ·· · ·· ··· · · ··

International Application WO 93/03093, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety by reference to detailed descriptions. Further details regarding the manufacture and use of one kind of homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 5,206,075 (Hodgson, Jr.); US No. 5,241,031 (Mehta); PCT International Patent Publication WO 93/03093 (Exxon Chemical Comp.); PCT International Patent Publication WO 90/03414 (Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc.), all four of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety by reference to detailed descriptions. Other types of homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers are described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 5,272,236 (Lai et al.) And U.S. Patent No. 5,278,272 (Lai et al.), Which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for detailed descriptions.

As used herein, the term polyolefin refers to any polymerized polyolefin that may be linear, branched, aliphatic, aromatic, substituted or unsubstituted. More specifically, the term polyolefin includes olefin homopolymers, olefin copolymers, olefin copolymers and an olefin copolymerizable neolefin comonomer, such as vinyl monomers, modified polymers thereof, and the like. Specific examples include propylene, ethylene, butene homopolymers, propylene / alpha-olefin copolymers, ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers, butene / alpha-olefin copolymers, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymers ethylene / acrylic acids, ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymers, modified polyolefin resins, ionomer resins, polymethylpentene and the like. Modified polyolefin resins include modified polymers prepared

by copolymerizing (grafting) olefin homopolymers or copolymers thereof with an unsaturated carboxylic acid, for example maleic, fumaric and the like. or derivatives thereof such as anhydrides, esters or metal salts and the like. They may also be prepared by incorporating an unsaturated carboxylic acid homopolymer or copolymer, for example maleic, fumaric acid and the like, or derivatives thereof such as anhydrides, esters or salts thereof and the like.

As used herein, the terms identifying polymers such as polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, and the like. include not only polymers from repeating units derived from monomers polymerizing to form polymers of the so-called types, but also include comonomers, derivatives, and the like that can copolymerize with monomers polymerizing to form the so-called polymers. Derivatives include ionomers of polymers. For example, the term polyamide includes both polymers containing repeating units derived from monomers such as caprolactam that polymerizes to form a polyamide, as well as copolymers formed by copolymerizing caprolactam with a comonomer that does not itself provide polyamide by polymerization. In addition, the terms identifying polymers include mixtures of such polymers with other polymers of different types.

The term anhydride function as used herein refers to any form of anhydride function such as maleic anhydride, fumaric anhydride and the like, whether in admixture with one or more polymers grafted onto a polymer or copolymerized with a polymer, and generally includes derivatives of these functions such as the acids, esters and metal salts derived therefrom.

As used herein, the term modified polymer as well as more specific terms such as a modified ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a modified polyolefin

Refers to such polymers containing the anhydride function, as mentioned above, onto the grafted, copolymerized or blended polymer thereof. It is preferred that the modified polymers have an anhydride function grafted or polymerized, rather than a mere blend.

The term anhydride modified polymer as used herein refers to one or more of the following: (1) polymers obtained by copolymerizing an anhydride-containing monomer with another different monomer, (2) anhydride-grafted copolymers, (3) a mixture of a polymer and an anhydride-containing compound.

As used herein, the term ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer and ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer refers to a heterogeneous material such as linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra low density polyethylene (VLDPE), and ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE); and homogeneous polymers such as metallocene catalyzed polymers such as EXACT (TM) materials supplied by EXXON, and TAFMER (TM) materials supplied by Mitsui Petrochemical Corporation. These materials generally include copolymers of ethylene with one or more comonomers selected from alphaolefins C4 to C10 such as butene-1 (i.e., 1-butene), hexene-1, octene-1 and the like, wherein the copolymer molecules comprise long chains with relatively little branching into side chains and little crosslinked structures. This molecular structure needs to be compared to conventional low or medium density polyethylenes that are much more branched than these. The LLDPE contemplated herein has a density typically in the range of 0.91 g / cm3 up to 0.94 g / cm3. Other ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers, such as homogeneous long-chain branched ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers supplied by Dow Chemical Comp., Also known as AFFINITY (TM) resins, also include: · · · ···· · “· ♦ ··· As another type of ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers useful in the present invention.

Generally, the ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer comprises a copolymer formed by the copolymerization of 80 to 99 wt.% Ethylene and 1 to 20 wt.% Alpha-olefin. It is preferred that the ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer comprises a copolymer formed by copolymerization of 85 to 95% by weight of ethylene and 5 to 15% by weight of the alpha-olefin.

As used herein, the term inner layer refers to any layer of a multilayer film whose two major surfaces are directly adjacent to other film layers.

As used herein, the term outer layer refers to any layer of a multilayer film in which only one of the two major surfaces directly adjoins the other film layer.

As used herein, the backsheet refers to the outermost layer of a multilayer film wrapping the article that is closest to the article relative to the other layers of the multilayer film.

As used herein, the facing layer refers to an outer layer of a multilayer film wrapping the article that is furthest from the article relative to the other layers of the multilayer film.

As used herein, the term directly adhered to the film layers is defined by the adherence of one film layer as a subject to another film layer as an object without a cohesive interlayer, adhesive or other layer therebetween. Contrary to this meaning, the word between used to indicate that a layer is between two other specified layers includes both the direct adhesion of that layer to the two layers between which it is found and the possibility that the layer does not have direct adhesion to one or both layers between which it is located, which means that one or two additional layers may be placed between the layer and one or more layers between which the layer is located.

• ·

As used herein, the term middle layer used for multilayer films refers to any inner layer having a primary function other than serving as an adhesive or compatibilizer for bonding the two layers together. The core layers usually impart the required strength, for example a module, and / or optical properties and / or wear resistance and / or specific impermeability to the multilayer film.

As used herein, the term sealing layer refers to the outer layer or layers of the film involved in welding the film to itself or to another layer in relation to the multilayer films. Generally, only an outer 0.5 to 3 million foil is involved in welding the foil to itself or to another layer. In the case of seam-sealed packages, as opposed to lap-welded packages, the term sealing layer generally refers to the backing layer of the package and also to the backing layers which are welded to the sealing layer and often serve as a contact layer for the food enclosed in the package.

As used herein, the term coherent interlayer refers to any inner layer having the primary purpose of immediately joining two layers.

As used herein, the face layer refers to an outer layer of a multilayered film on an article packaging that is exposed to the outside.

As used herein, the bulking layer refers to any layer of film that is included to increase wear resistance, toughness, modulus, and the like. multilayer foil. Bulk layers typically include polymers that are cheap compared to other polymers in the film providing specific functions other than wear resistance, modulus, and so on.

As used herein, the expression extrusion refers to a method of continuous extrusion of molten plastic material through a die, followed by cooling or chemical curing. Prior to extrusion through the die, the relatively high-viscosity polymeric material is fed to a rotating screw with a variable pitch of the thread, which expels it through the die.

As used herein, the term coextrusion refers to the extrusion of two or more materials by a single die with two or more slits so arranged that the extruded layers merge and form before they are cooled, respectively. hashens. Coextrusion can be used in film extrusion blowing, loose film extrusion and extrusion coating.

As used herein, the term machine direction, in short MD, refers to the direction along the length of the film, that is to say in the direction of the extruded or coated film.

As used herein, the transverse direction, in short TD, refers to the direction across the film perpendicular to the extruder or the longitudinal direction.

As used herein, the term free shrinkage refers to the dimensional change in percent of a 10 x 10 cm film sample by a controlled thermal dose according to ASTM D 2732 known to those skilled in the art.

In accordance with the first aspect of the invention, as explained above, when the first polyolefin comprises ethylene / unsaturated acid, propylene / unsaturated acid and / or butene / unsaturated acid, it is preferred that the unsaturated acid monomer is present in an amount of from 4% to 30%. % by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; more preferably, this proportion is about 7% to 20%, even more preferably, it is 8% to 15%, and most preferably it is 9% to 13%. Although this depends on the type of meat product, if the unsaturated acid monomer is present in an amount below 6% by weight, then sufficient cooking resistance cannot be achieved when cooking the meat product in the intestine. On the other hand, if the amount of unsaturated acid mer is greater than 20% by weight, the softening temperature of the unsaturated acid copolymer may be too low to successfully produce the film and / or achieve sufficient weld strength when boiling in the package. Therefore, the optimum amount of mer unsaturated acid depends on the film making process and its special end use, for example the type of meat to be packaged and the cooking conditions in the package.

If the first polyolefin is an anhydride-containing polyolefin, it is preferred that the anhydride function is present in an amount of from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the anhydride-containing polyolefin; more preferably, this content is 2 to 5%.

It is preferred that the first polyolefin has a Vicat softening point of at least 70 ° C, more preferably at least 80 ° C and even more preferably at least 90 ° C in the lap-backed casing of the present invention, in order to ensure a sufficient level of weld strength. In the butt-welded backseam casing of the present invention, in which the welding foil tape is welded to the outer surface of the third film layer, the lower limit of the softening point of the first polyolefin is less important.

Preferably, the first polyolefin is present in the first outer layer in an amount of from 10% to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the first layer; more preferably, it is 10% to 30% and even more preferably it is 15% to 25%.

LLDPE is preferable to a propylene / ethylene copolymer as a third polyolefin because LLDPE is less wrinkled during welding if the second polyolefin also contains LLDPE and the intestine is a lap-backed casing. The third polyolefin provides a high melting resin for the first layer, which is advantageous for final cooking in a casing where the intestine is exposed to relatively high temperatures for a relatively long time. Preferably, the third polyolefin has a melting point of less than 160 ° C; more preferably, it is below 140 ° C, and even more preferably, it is below 130 ° C. It is preferred that the third polyolefin has a Vicat softening point of at least 80 ° C, more preferably it is at least 90 ° C and even more preferably it is at least 100 ° C.

In the second layer, the first polyamide preferably comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 9, polyamide 10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 69, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 61, polyamide 6T and their copolymers; even more preferably, it comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, polyamide 66 and polyamide 6/66. Preferably, the first polyamide has a melting point of at least 176.67 ° C (350 ° F); more preferably, it is at least 187.78 ° C (370 ° F); even more preferably, it is at least 198.89 ° C (390 ° F);

Preferably, the second layer further comprises a third polyamide having a melting point below 176.67 ° C (350 ° F). Preferably, the second layer comprises: (a) polyamide 6 in an amount of 40% to 90% by weight of the total weight of the second layer; and (b) copolyamide 6/12 in an amount of 10% to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the second layer, wherein copolyamide 6/12 comprises caprolactam monomer in an amount of 30% to 70% by weight, (preferably 40% to 60% by weight). It is preferred that the first polyamide has a melting point above 176.67 ° C (350 ° F) and the third polyamide has a melting point below 176.67 ° C (350 ° F) because this combination has been found to result in a preferred combination modulus, orientability, weld strength and resistance to porosity and craters.

• · ···· ·· · · • · » · ♦ · • ···· · · · • · ·· ····

Preferably, the second polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of homopolymers or copolymers of monomers selected from ethylene, propylene and butene. More preferably, the second polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, propylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, butylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymer and ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer. More preferably, the second polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), propylene / ethylene copolymer, and propylene / butene copolymer. Most preferably, the second polyolefin comprises LLDPE. In the lap-welded casing of the present invention, it is preferred that the second and third polyolefins are the same polymers.

If the fifth and sixth layers comprise polystyrene and polyurethane, they may be the same polystyrenes and / or polyurethanes, or different polystyrenes and / or polyurethanes. When serving as coherent interlayers, it is preferred that the fifth and sixth layers increase the adhesion of the first and third layers (which are preferably polyolefinic) to the polyamide layer as well as to the layer that serves as an oxygen barrier, if present.

The butt-welding sealing foil tape is selected so as to be weldable to the sealing surface of the intestinal foil. Advantageously, the butt-seal sealing foil tape comprises polyolefin as the outer sealing layer. Even more preferably, the butt weld sealing film tape further comprises two coherent interlayers, i.e., a coherent interlayer between the oxygen barrier and each of the two outer layers, each containing a polyolefin. It is preferred that the butt-seal sealing foil tape is heat-shrinkable, just as the butt-seal sealing foil tape comprises an outer sealing layer comprising a polyolefin having a melting point of from 90 ° C to 150 ° C; more preferably, it is from 100 ° C to 130 ° C.

The butt seal filler sealing layer is an outer film layer which preferably comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene, propylene and butene monomer; even more preferably from the group of ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, butene / alpha-olefin copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer; even more preferably from the group of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), propylene / ethylene copolymer, propylene / butene copolymer.

It is preferred that in the foil gut of the third aspect of the present invention, all the different polymers present in each film layer coincide with the above for the first aspect of the present invention, except that the first olefin of the first layer has a surface energy of less than 34 dynes / cm. less than 32 dynes / cm. Therefore, in a third aspect of the invention, the first polyolefin preferably comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene, propylene and butene monomer. More preferably, the first polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, butene / alphaolefin copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymer. Even more preferably, the first polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), a propylene / ethylene copolymer, a propylene / butene copolymer. Even more preferably, the first polyolefin comprises LLDPE.

It is preferred that the multilayer sheet has a shrink stress of at least 68 psi (10 psi), more preferably 20 to 1000 psi (137.90 to 6.895 kPa), more preferably 100 to 600 psi (689.5 to 4.136.9 kPa), and most preferably 2.068.4 to 3.447.4 kPa (300 to 500 psi).

A preferred backseamed casing according to the invention comprises a multilayer shrinkable film with a meat-adhering layer comprising a polar polymer that provides high meat adhesion, especially in products with a medium or high protein content. Although the film may be corona treated, the film of the invention does not need corona treatment to achieve sufficient adhesion with products such as turkey, ham and roast. However, the backseamed casing foil of the present invention may be corona treated to improve adhesion, especially in the case of high fat products. Typically, films that themselves have relatively low adhesion to the meat exhibit the abovementioned problem of abrasion at least on the welded edges. However, the films of the present invention have an advantage in this respect. Since the non-corona-treated films have acceptable meat adhesion in the case of intermediate quality meat products, they also have sufficient polymer adhesion to proteins to prevent fat spillage and excretion, even when the ionizing effect of the corona from the surface is abraded when welding the fillet weld. Therefore, the resulting wrapper still has sufficient adhesion to the meat. If necessary, corona treatment can also be carried out after creating a hem welded sleeve. If a polymer with relatively low adherence to the meat is used for the inner casing and the resulting hem weld is subsequently corona treated, it can also be streaked along the edge of the hem gut where the corona action is insufficient ( in a given method of irradiation from the inside inevitable), there will be considerable bruising (also known as boiling or fat excretion). However, corona treatment on the surface of a film that already has increased meat adhesion (as in the film of the present invention) reduces or eliminates the tendency to bruise or loss of cooking at the edges of the flattened intestine (where, as explained above, insufficient action has taken place) corona). Therefore, the intestine of the invention avoids the problem of scuffing the effect of ionization associated with corona irradiation while at the same time achieving satisfactory adhesion to the meat for various types of protein meat products.

As described above, the second casing film layer must have a thickness of at least 5% of the total thickness of the shrinkable casing film. This is because when the thickness of the second layer is below 5% of the total film thickness, the second layer does not sufficiently prevent the film from shrinking around the forming hoof.

If the heat-shrinkable backseamed casing foil is produced by orienting a sleeve heated for a very short time as in the case of an IR-heated sleeve, the thickness of the second layer could be up to 70% of the total thickness of the multilayer foil. However, if the film is heated for a relatively long time as in hot water, the recommended polyamides undergo relatively extensive crystallization prior to the orientation step, which results in difficulties during the orientation step (the rate of crystallization depends on the type of polyamide used). Typically, in this situation, the greater the thickness of the second layer, the more difficult it is to perform the orientation required for the final casing film. This also determines the practical limit of the maximum thickness of the second layer in percent of the total thickness of the multilayer casing film, especially when the polyamides that are most preferred are used. Therefore, the second casing film layer, when using hot water as the orientation medium, preferably has a thickness of 5% to 50% of the total casing film thickness; more preferably, the thickness is 5% to 40%, even more preferably 10% to 30%, and most preferably 10% to 20% of the total thickness of the multilayer film.

It has been found that the second layer, preferably containing polyamide, serves to prevent strangulation (due to stepping) on the molding hoof during closure of the intestine by hem welding. The strangulation when welding the skirt typically occurs when the film is pulled so tightly over the forming hoof (due to the shrinkage of the film due to the heat propagated from the welding zone when the skirt is closed) that it cannot be continued. The presence of the second layer substantially limits the region of the film in which the shrinkage occurs due to the spread of heat from the hot welding body (conduction welding).

Preferably, the backseamed casing according to the invention comprises a casing foil with 3 to 30 layers; more preferably 4 to 12, more preferably 6 to 10.

It is preferred that the multilayer film used for the backseamed casings of the present invention can have any desired overall thickness as long as it exhibits desirable properties for the particular packaging purposes for which it is intended. The intestinal foil of the present invention has a total thickness, i.e., a combined thickness of all layers from 0.0127 mm to 0.254 mm (0.5 to 10 miles, where 1 mil = 0.001 inches); more preferably, it is 0.0254 mm to 0.2032 mm (1 to 8 miles) and more preferably from 0.0508 mm to 0.1016 mm (2 to 4 miles).

It should be noted that the intestinal foil module should be high enough that the foil does not shrink excessively when sealed. Preferably, the intestinal foil has a modulus of at least 1.37595 kPa (20.000 psi), more preferably it is from 2.06424 to 17.2369 kPa (30.000 to 250.000 psi), even more preferably it is from 2.75790 up to 10.34204 kPa (40,000 to 150,000 psi); even more preferably, it is from 3.10264 to 8.27371 kPa (45.000 to 120.000 psi), and even more preferably, the module has from 3.44738 to 4.82633 kPa (50.000 to 70.000 psi). It should be remembered that if the intestinal foil module is too high, there may be problems after edge welding, i.e., the foil may crack due to dynamic fatigue after winding the edge weld, or synchronous and straight-winding defects ( tracking). Also, a too high modulus is particularly undesirable when the film is intended for the intestine to be shirred because a film with too high a module may burst due to dynamic fatigue during shirring. On the other hand, when the film module is too low, the film has a tendency to shrink when welding the edging, thereby producing a low quality edging casing because the edging does not form satisfactorily, has a wavy appearance and / or fringe edges and / or a wrinkled weld and / or does not pass through the winding device synchronously and symmetrically.

Figure 1 shows an overlapped backseamed casing 11 according to the present invention. The lap-backed casing 11 comprises a shrinkable casing foil 12 which is welded together by a lap-backed weld 13.

Figure 2 shows an enlarged cross-section of a shrinkable casing film particularly suitable for meat packaging. In Figure 2, the casing film comprises a first layer 14, a second layer 16, a third layer 18, a fourth layer 20, a fifth layer

22, sixth layer 24, seventh layer 26 and eighth layer 28.

The first layer 14 is the outer film layer serving as the backing layer of the intestinal film. The first layer 14 has an outer surface 15 for directly contacting the meat and adhering to the meat packaged in the intestine 11. Preferably, the first layer 14 has a thickness of from 0.1 to 3 miles; more preferably 0.2 to 1 mile and even more preferably from 0.3 to 0.8 mile. Most preferably 0.5 miles. The first layer 14 comprises a polar polymer which preferably has a surface energy of greater than 32 dynes / cm, more preferably greater than 34 dynes / cm and even more preferably greater than 36 dynes / cm. Preferably, the first layer 14 comprises a first polyolefin comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of:

(I) an ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer, a propylene / unsaturated acid copolymer, and a butene / unsaturated acid copolymer, wherein the unsaturated acid (mer) is present in an amount of at least 4% by weight, based on the copolymer weight; wherein the anhydride function is present in an amount of at least 1% by weight, based on the weight of the anhydride-containing polyolefin.

More preferably, the first layer 14 comprises a first polyolefin comprising at least one member selected from:

(I) an ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer, a propylene / unsaturated acid copolymer, and a butene / unsaturated acid copolymer wherein the unsaturated acid (mer) is present in an amount of from 6% to 30%, more preferably from 7% to 20%, even more preferably from 8% % to 15%, and most preferably from 9% to 13% by weight of the copolymer, and (II) an anhydride-functional polyolefin, wherein the anhydride function is present in an amount of from 1% to 10% by weight, based on the anhydride-containing polyolefin; more preferably in an amount of from 2% to 5% by weight.

If the first polyolefin contains an unsaturated acid copolymer, and if the unsaturated acid is present in an amount below 6% by weight, sufficient spill resistance cannot be achieved. On the other hand, if the amount of unsaturated acid (meru) in the copolymer is greater than 20 wt%, the softening point of the unsaturated acid copolymer may be too low to facilitate foil processing and / or achieve sufficient weld strength during cooking. The preferred content of unsaturated acid (meru) may vary depending on the end use, i.e. the type of meat product to which it is to adhere.

It is preferred that in any backseamed casing of the present invention the inner surface layer (which serves as a food contact layer and in the casing welded with a lap-seamed weld of the present invention also serves as a sealing layer) does not comprise a mixture of propylene / ethylene copolymer and homogeneous an ethylene / alphaolefin copolymer having a density of less than 0.90. That is, when this mixture forms the majority of the sealing layer, the weld strength may be less than desired. Further, if this mixture constitutes the majority of the sealing layer, no central polyester layer or first polyamide is needed to form the backing without harmful degree of strangulation of the film on the forming hoof.

The multilayer films 12 can be used either as backseamed or blunt casings. In an overlapped backseamed casing such as that shown in Figure 11, it is preferred that the first polyolefin has a Vicat softening point of at least 70 ° C, more preferably of at least 80 ° C if it is to exhibit good weld strength during cooking. In the case of butt-backed casings, the lower limit of the softening point of the first polyolefin may be less critical, as the sealability (weldability) and the weld strength during cooking both control the point. The softening of the third layer of the intestinal foil and the softening point of the sealing layer of the foil welding tape for sealing the butt weld.

Preferably, the first layer 14 further comprises a third polyolefin comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of homopolymers or copolymers of a monomer selected from ethylene, propylene and butylene. More preferably, the third polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers, propylene / alpha-olefin copolymers, butene / alphaolefin copolymers, ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymers, and ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymers. More preferably, the third polyolefin comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), propylene / ethylene copolymers, propylene / butene copolymers. It is preferred that the third polyolefin has a Vicat softening point of at least 80 ° C, more preferably it is at least 90 ° C and even more preferably it is at least 100 ° C. It is preferred that the first polyolefin is present in an amount of 10% to 50%, more preferably it is present in an amount of 10% to 30% and even more preferably present in an amount of 15% to 25% of the total composition of the first outer layer .

The third polyolefin provides the first layer 14 with a higher softening point polymer to improve the stability of the film and its weld during cooking. In addition, dilution of the polar polymer with a relatively non-polar polymer, i.e., a third polyolefin, does not substantially reduce the bruising resistance of the first casing film. It is preferred that the first layer 14 comprises a mixture of 80 wt. LLDPE and 20 wt.% Ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymers.

The second layer 16 is an inner film that is between the first layer 14 and the third layer 18. The second layer provides the casing film 11 with properties that allow it to undergo a flange welding operation without strangulation to the forming hoof. The second layer also helps to improve the quality of the intestinal foil, since it facilitates the orientation of the intestinal foil 12 and allows higher edge welding speeds, and also enhances the weld strength of the intestinal foil 12, its toughness, resilience, porosity and crater resistance. Preferably, the second layer 16 comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyester and a first polyamide, i.e. polymers with a relatively high modulus and / or relatively high bending. More preferably, the second layer 16 comprises a first polyamide; even more preferably, it comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 9, polyamide 10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 69, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 61 and polyamide 6T, as well as copolymers prepared by copolymerization of any one or more of the monomers used in the preparation of any of these polyamides; and even more preferably, it comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, polyamide 66 and polyamide 6/66. Preferably, the first polyamide has a melting point of at least 176.67 ° C (350 ° F); more preferably, it is at least 187.78 ° C (370 ° F); even more preferably, it is 198.89 ° C (390 ° F). The second layer 16 preferably has a thickness of from 0.00127 to 0.0254 mm (0.05 to 1 mil); more preferably, the thickness is from 0.00254 to 0.0127 mm (0.1 to 0.5 mile); more preferably from 0.00508 to 0.01016 mm (0.2 to 0.4 mil) and even more preferably 0.00762 mm (0.3 mile).

Preferably, the second layer 16 further comprises a third polyamide having a melting point of less than 176.67 ° C (350 ° F). Preferably, the second layer 16 comprises: (a) polyamide 6 in an amount of from 40% to 90% by weight, based on the weight of the first inner layer; and (b) copolyamide 6/12 in an amount of from 10% to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the first inner layer, wherein copolyamide 6/12 comprises caprolactam monomer in an amount of from 30% to 70% by weight, of the copolyamide; more preferably from 40% to 60% wt.

The third layer 18 is an outer film layer that serves as an outer (facing), wear-resistant and heat-sealable casing layer 11. It is preferred that the third layer 18 has a thickness of from 0.00254 to 0.0762 mm (0.1 to 3 mm). milů); more preferably, it is from 0.00508 to 0.0254 mm (0.2 to 1 mil); even more preferably, from 0.00762 to 0.02032 mm (0.3 to 0.8 miles); and even more preferably is from 0.00889 to 0.01651 mm (0.35 to 0.65 miles).

Preferably, the third layer 18 comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a second polyolefin, polystyrene, second polyamide, polyester, polymerized ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer, vinylidene chloride, polyether, polyurethane, polycarbonate, and a starch-containing polymer; more preferably, the third layer 18 comprises a second polyolefin; even more preferably, it comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene homopolymer, a polyethylene copolymer, a polypropylene homopolymer, a polypropylene copolymer, a polybutene homopolymer, and a polybutene copolymer; even more preferably, the third layer 18 comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, butene / alpha-olefin copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer; and even more preferably, the layer 18 comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of linear low density polyethylene (L.D.DPE), a propylene / ethylene copolymer, and a propylene / butene copolymer.

In a lap-backed casing, it is preferred that the second polyolefin and the third polyolefin are identical.

It is preferred that the second polyolefin has a Vicat softening point of at least 80 ° C, more preferably it is at least 90 ° C and most preferably it is at least 100 ° C. The softening point of the second polyolefin must be high enough so that the intestine can survive without cooking.

The fourth layer 20 is an inner layer between the first layer and the third layer 18 and preferably comprises a polymer with good anti-oxygen barrier properties. Preferably, the fourth layer 20 has a thickness of from 0.00127 to 0.0509 mm (0.05 2 mils); more preferably, it is from 0.00127 to 0.0127 mm (0.05 -0.5 miles), even more preferably from 0.00254 to 0.0762 mm (0.1 to 0.3 miles); and even more preferably from 0.003048 to 0.004319 mm (0.12 to 17 miles). Generally, the fourth layer 20 comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), vinylidene chloride, a fourth polyamide, polyalkylene carbonate, and polyester; preferably, it comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polymerized ethylene vinyl alcohol and a fourth polyamide; more preferably, it comprises polymerized ethylene vinyl alcohol; even more preferably, polymerized ethylene vinyl alcohol with 44 mol% ethylene.

The fifth layer 22 and the sixth layer 24 are coherent interlayers of the intestinal foil 12. The fifth layer 22 is disposed between the first layer 14 and the second layer 16; the sixth layer 24 is between the second layer 16 and the third layer 18. Generally, the cohesive intermediate layer should have high compatibility with barrier layers such as polymerized EVOH or polyamide layer as well as with non-barrier layers such as polymerized ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer. The composition, number and thickness of coherent interlayers are known to those skilled in the art. It is preferred that the fifth layer 22 and the sixth layer 24 both have thicknesses of 0.00127 to 0.0508 mm (0.05-2 miles); more preferred are 0.00127 to 0.0127 mm (0.05-0.5 mile) thicknesses; even more preferably, it is 0.00254 to 0.00762 mm (0.1-0.3 miles); and even more preferably, it is from 0.003048 to 0.004318 mm (0.12-0.17 miles). Preferably, the fifth layer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a fourth polyolefin, polystyrene and polyurethane; even more preferably, one member is selected from the group consisting of modified ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers, modified ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymers, modified ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymers. It is preferred that the sixth layer 24 comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a fifth polyolefin, polystyrene and polyurethane; more preferably, at least one member is selected from the group consisting of modified ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers, modified ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymers, modified ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymers.

The seventh layer 26 is the middle layer between the first layer 14 and the second layer 16. The seventh layer 26 provides the multilayer sheet for casing 12 with the necessary abrasion resistance, shrinkage and optical characteristics, and preferably comprises a polymer providing these properties at a low cost. Preferably, the seventh layer 26 has a thickness of from 0.00254 to 0.0762 mm (0.1-3 mils); more preferably, from 0.00508 to 0.0381 mm (0.2-1.5 miles); even more preferably, 0.00762 to 0.0254 mm (0.3-1 mile); even more preferably from 0.0127 to 0.02032 mm (0.50-0.80 mil). Preferably, the seventh layer 26 comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyamide, polyester, and aa.

polyurethane; more preferred is a polyolefin; more preferably, at least one member is selected from the group consisting of ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, butene / alpha-olefin copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer; and even more preferred is a blend of 80% by weight, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (containing 6% by weight, vinyl acetate mer) with 20% by weight, high density polyethylene.

The eighth layer 28 is the middle layer between the second layer and the third layer 18. The eighth layer 28 provides the multilayered casing film with the necessary abrasion resistance, shrinkage and optical characteristics and preferably comprises a polymer providing these properties at a low cost. Generally, the eighth layer 28 may have a thickness of 0.00254 to 0.0762 mm (0.1-3 miles); preferably from 0.00509 to 0.0381 mm (0.2-1.5 miles); more preferably from 0.00762 to 0.0254 mm (0.3-1 mil) and even more preferably from 0.0127 to 0.02032 mm (0.50-0.80 miles). Generally, the eighth layer 28 comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyamide, polyester and polyurethane;

more preferred is a polyolefin; even more preferably, at least one member is selected from the group consisting of ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer, butene / alpha-olefin copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer; and even more preferred is a mixture composed of 80% by weight, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (containing 6% by weight, vinyl acetate) with 20% by weight, ethylene / unsaturated acid copolymer.

Typically, the seventh layer 26 and the eighth layer 28 are selected in terms of composition and thickness to provide a relatively flat, crimped, heat-shrinkable casing film. It is preferred that the seventh layer 26 and the eighth layer 28 have a composition and a thickness such as to provide a multilayer film with maximum cross-sectional symmetry. The cross-sectional symmetry gives the foil the necessary corrugation and elasticity.

If a ”represents the sum of the thicknesses of the second, sixth and eighth layers and b the sum of the thicknesses of the second, sixth and eighth layers, it is preferred that a: b is from 0.5: 1 to 1.5: 1, more preferably from 0.7: 1 to 1.3: 1 and even more preferably from 0.8: 1 to 1.2: 1.

In the casing 11, the backseam 13 can be made by any one or more of a wide variety of welding means known to those skilled in the art such as hot air heat welding and / or hot welding body (conduction welding) and / or hot wire, ultrasound, high frequency welding and the like. However, conduction welding with a hot body is preferred due to better weldability of materials and higher weld strength, which allows trouble-free cooking in the package.

Figure 3 shows an alternative preferred six-layer heat-shrinkable casing film 30 suitable for both overlap-welded casing of Figure 1 and butt weld of Figure 5. Like the multilayer film 12 of Figure 2, the multilayer film 30 is also particularly suitable for wrapping meat. products with subsequent cooking in packaging. The casing film 30 comprises a first layer 32, a second layer 34, a third layer 36, a fourth layer 38, a fifth layer 40, and a sixth layer 42.

The first layer 32 is the outer film layer serving as the backsheet of the casing film and is therefore a meat contact layer analogous to the first layer 14 in Figure 2. When in the form of intestine, the first layer 32 has the back contact surface 33 in direct contact with meat and adhesion to meat contained in the intestine. When the foil 30 is used to seal the intestine 11 with a lap weld according to Figure 1, the first layer 32 is welded to the second layer 34 by a lap seal 13, the seal being located at a location where a portion of the back surface 33 overlaps the facing (outer) surface 37 of the casing foil 30. The first layer 32 typically has the same preferred thickness and chemical composition as the first layer 14 in Figure 2. However, the first layer 32 is most preferably a thickness of 0.02032 mm (0.8 mile).

The second layer 34 is the middle layer between the first layer 32 and the third layer 36 and is generally analogous to the second layer 16 in Figure 2. The second layer 34 generally has the same preferred thickness and chemical composition as the second layer 16 in Figure 2.

The third layer 36 is the outer layer of the film and serves as an abrasion-resistant outer shrinkable casing 11 of the casing. Preferably, the third layer 36 is analogous to the third layer 18 in Figure 1. The third layer 36 generally has the same preferred thickness and chemical composition as the third layer 18 in Figure 1. However, it is most preferred that the third layer 36 has a thickness of 0.02032 mm. (0.8 miles).

The fourth layer 38 is the inner layer between the first layer and the third layer 36 and is generally analogous to the fourth layer 20 in Figure 2. The fourth layer 38 generally has the same preferred thickness and chemical composition as the fourth layer 20 in Figure 2.

The fifth layer 40 is a coherent interlayer between the first layer 32 and the second layer 34 and is generally analogous to the fifth layer 22 in Figure 2. The fifth layer 40 generally has the same preferred thickness and chemical composition as the fifth layer 22 in Figure 2.

The sixth layer 42 is a coherent interlayer between the second layer 34 and the third layer 36 and is generally analogous to the sixth layer 24. 2. The sixth layer 42 generally has the same preferred thickness and chemical composition as the sixth layer 24 in FIG. 2.

Figure 4 shows an alternative preferred three-layer heat-shrinkable casing film 44 suitable for use as an overlap welded casing 11 of Figure 1. Like the multi-layered film 12 of Figure 2, the multi-layered film 44 is also particularly suitable for wrapping meat products with subsequent cooking in packaging. The casing film 44 comprises a first layer 46, a second layer 48, and a third layer 50.

The first layer 46 is the outer film layer serving as the backing layer of the casing film and is therefore a meat contact layer analogous to the first layer 14 in Figure 2. When in the form of intestine, the first layer 46 of the multilayer film 44 has a back contact surface 47 in direct contact with the meat and the adhesion to the meat contained in the intestine. When the foil 44 is used to seal the intestine 11 with the lap seal weld of Figure 1, the first layer 46 is welded to the third layer 50 by the lap seal weld 13, wherein the weld is located where a portion of the back surface 47 overlaps the face surface 51 . The first layer 46 has the same preferred thickness and chemical composition as the first layer 14 in Figure 2; more preferably, the first layer 46 comprises a modified polyolefin to improve binding to the second layer 48; even more preferably, the first layer 46 comprises anhydride-modified LLDPE as the third polyolefin. It is also more preferred that the first layer 46 has a thickness of 0.0254 mm (1.0 mil).

The second layer 48 is the middle layer between the first layer 46 and the third layer 50 and is generally analogous to the second layer 16 in Figure 2. The second layer 4o generally has the same preferred layer.

thickness and chemical composition as second layer 16 in the figure

The third layer 50 is an abrasion resistant outer heat sealing layer analogous to the third layer 18 in Figure 2. It is preferred that the third layer 50 has the same thickness and chemical composition as the third layer 18 in Figure 2. a modified polyolefin to improve binding to the second layer 48; even more preferably, the third layer 50 comprises 100% by weight of anhydride-modified LLDPE as the second polyolefin. It is also more preferred that the third layer 50 has a thickness of 0.0254 mm (1.0 mile).

Figure 5 shows a cross-section of the butt-welded casing 52 of the present invention. The butt-welded butt casing 52 comprises a heat-shrinkable film 54 for producing intestinal casings with longitudinal edges 56 and 58 in contact and a welding tape for sealing butt weld 60, one side of which is welded to the outer surface 55 of the intestine film 54, 61 are in areas adjacent to the longitudinal edges 56 and 58. In this way, a sleeve-shaped casing is formed into which a particularly meat-like product can be packaged, which is subsequently cooked in a casing of the casing type 52 with a butt-butt weld.

Figure 6 shows a preferred heat-shrinkable multilayer film 62 usable as the backsheet 54 for the backseam 52 with a butt weld according to Figure 5. The multilayer film 62 comprises a first layer 64, a second layer 66, a third layer 68, a fourth layer 70, a fifth layer 72 and a sixth layer. 74.

The first layer 64 of the film is intended to contact and adhere to the meat and is analogous to the first film layer 32 in Figure 3. The first film layer 64 serves as the backing layer of the intestine and the surface 65, mediating direct contact with the meat being cooked therein. , and adhering to the meat wrapped in the intestine. Preferably, the first layer 64 has the same thickness and chemical composition as the first layer 32 in Figure 3.

The second layer 66 is an inner film layer that serves as the center layer and reduces or eliminates strangulation on the forming hoof when welding the hem joint. The second layer 66 is between the first layer 64 and the third layer 68 and is analogous to the second film layer 34 of Figure 3. It is preferred that the second layer 66 has the same thickness and chemical composition as the second layer 34.

The third layer 68 is an outer film layer that serves as an external, weather-resistant, heat-sealed casing layer of the intestine and is analogous to the third film layer 36 in Figure 3. It is preferred that the third layer 68 have the same thickness and chemical composition as the third layer 36.

The fourth layer 70 is an inner film layer that serves as an oxygen barrier, is located between the first film layer 64 and the third film layer 68 and is analogous to the fourth layer 38 in the film 30 in Figure 3. It is preferred that the fourth layer 70 has the same thickness and a chemical composition as the fourth layer 38.

The fifth layer 72 is an inner film layer that serves as a cohesive interlayer between the first film layer 64 and the second film layer 66 and is analogous to the fifth layer 40 in the film 30 in Figure 3. It is preferred that the fifth layer 72 has the same thickness and chemical composition as the fifth layer 40.

The sixth layer 74 is an inner film layer that serves as a cohesive interlayer between the second film layer 66 and the third film layer 68 and is analogous to the sixth layer 42 in the film 30 in Figure 3. It is preferred that the sixth layer 74 has the same thickness and chemical composition as the sixth layer 42.

Figure 7 shows a preferred heat-shrinkable multilayer sheet 76 usable as a foil sealing tape 60 for a casing 52 with a butt butt butt weld according to the invention.

The multilayer film 76 comprises a first layer 78, a second layer 80, a third layer 82, a fourth layer 84, and a fifth layer 86.

The first layer 78 is the outer layer of the film that serves as the heat seal layer (welding) and is analogous to the third layer 68 of the film 62 of Figure 6. The first layer 78 serves as the outer layer of the foil sealing tape 60 for sealing butt weld. the outer surface 55 of the intestinal foil 54, that is, it forms the welds 59 and 61 (Figure 5). It is preferred that the first layer 78 have the same thickness and chemical composition as the third layer 68.

The second layer 80 is an inner film layer located between the first layer 78 and the third film layer 82, serving as an oxygen barrier and analogous to the fourth layer 38 in the film 30 in Figure 3. It is preferred that the second layer 80 has the same thickness and chemical composition as fourth layer 38.

The third layer 82 is an abrasion resistant outer (outer) layer of the butt weld film of the butt weld tape, similar in composition to the third film 68 of film 62 in Figure 6. It is preferred that the third layer 82 have the same thickness and chemical composition as the third layer 68.

The fourth layer 84 is an inner film layer that serves as a cohesive interlayer between the first film layer 78 and the second film layer 80 and is analogous to the fifth layer 40 in the film 30 in Figure 3. It is preferred that the fourth layer 84 has the same thickness and chemical composition as the fifth layer 40.

The fifth layer 86 is an inner film layer that serves as a cohesive interlayer between the second film layer 80 and the third film layer 82 and is analogous to the sixth film layer 42 in Figure 3. It is preferred that the fifth layer 86 has the same thickness and chemical composition as the sixth layer 42.

It should be noted that the butt-weld sealing tape need not have a central layer of polyamide or polyester that would prevent the welding tape from strangling on the butt welding joint. This is because the butt weld tape occupies such a small area over the entire butt-welded intestine casing that the shrinkage of this welding tape contributes little to the formation of a strand on the forming hoof when welding the butt joint.

The backseamed casings 11 and 52 (Figures 1 and 5) using films 12, 30, 44, 62 and 76 (shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7) are suitable for many different types of packaging according to the invention, including pleated gut, sacks, etc.

Figure 8 shows a preferred method of making intestinal foil and / or butt-seal foil welding tape in accordance with the present invention. For example, Figure 8 illustrates a preferred method of making the films shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. In the manufacturing process of Figure 8, solid polymer beads (not shown) are filled into a plurality of extruders (only one for simplicity) ). In the extruder, the beads are degassed and the resulting melt bubble-free continues to the extruder head 90a and is extruded with a circular die onto the sleeve 92, preferably having a thickness of from 0.381 to 0.762 mm (15 to 30 miles). 5.04 to 25.4 cm (2 to 10 inches).

After cooling or extinguishing by spraying from the cooling ring, sleeve 92 is flattened and withdrawn by withdrawal rollers 96, then guided through irradiated space 98 through a shielded shield, where sleeve 92 is irradiated with fast electrons (i.e., ionizing radiation) from the iron core transformer accelerator. The flattened sleeve is guided through the irradiated space through a set of rollers 104. Preferably, the sleeve is irradiated at a dose of about 40 kGy to 100 kGy, resulting in an irradiated flattened sleeve 106. After leaving the irradiated space 98, the irradiated flat sleeve 106 is wound onto a take-up roller 108 to form a coil of wound irradiated sleeve 110.

After irradiation and winding, in the second stage of the film production process, the take-up roll 108 together with the spool of irradiated flattened sleeve are displaced and become a unwinding roller 112 and unwound spool of flattened sleeve 114. 116 into a hot water bath tank 118 containing hot water 120. The irradiated sleeve is then immersed in hot water at a temperature of 185 ° C to 98.89 ° C (185-210 ° F) for about 20 to 60 seconds, that is, the time required to heat the film to the temperature required for biaxial orientation. Thereafter, the hot irradiated flat sleeve 122 is routed through the take-off rollers 124 and inflated with a pressurized air (bubble) 126 through which the hot irradiated flattened sleeve 122 expands transversely to form an oriented foil sleeve 128. Furthermore, as long as the sleeve is still inflated, that is, laterally expanded, the draw-off rollers 130 have a rotational speed higher than the draw-off rollers 124 and thereby produce a longitudinal orientation. Transverse expansion and elongation (stretching) give rise to an oriented foil sleeve and the inflated sleeve has been expanded at a ratio of 1: 1.5 to 1.6 and stretched at a ratio of 1: 1.5 and 1.6. More preferably, both expansion and stretching occur in the ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 4. The result is a biaxial (bi-directional) orientation from 1: 2.25 to 1:36, more preferably from 1: 4 to 1:16. While the compressed air bubble is held between the take-off rollers 124 and 130, the oriented foil sleeve is flattened by the rollers 132, then guided to the take-off rollers 130 and the guide roll 134, then wound onto the take-up roll.

136 The support roller ensures good winding. The resulting multilayer sheet can be used to produce backseamed casings, etc., which can be used for packaging meat products in accordance with the present invention.

The films shown in the following examples were prepared by the methods immediately described above. These examples describe additional details regarding backseamed casings, their use in wrapping meat products, the unexpected results of backseamed foil wrapping, subsequent packaging and cooking of the meat product.

The polymeric components used to make the multilayer casing film and welding tapes for sealing butt welds according to the invention may also contain adequate amounts of additives usually present in similar compositions. Such additives include glidants such as glidant, antioxidants, fillers, dyes, pigments, radiation stabilizers, antistatic agents, elastomers and other additives known to those skilled in the art of packaging films.

The backseamed casings of the present invention may include casing foils and welding tapes for sealing butt backs which can be prepared by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example coextrusion and / or extrusion coating and / or lamination. However, it is preferred to produce the films by coextrusion.

The backseamed casing of the present invention preferably comprises a casing foil (and a butt-seal sealing tape) that includes a crosslinked polymer grid. Although the crosslinked polymer grid may be made by one or more different methods such as chemical crosslinking and / or irradiation, it is preferred that the crosslinked polymer grid is made by irradiation of the sleeve or film. The crosslinked polymer lattice may comprise only some or all of the layers of the multilayer film.

In irradiation, the film is subjected to intense radiation such as fast electrons, which leads to crosslinking between molecules of the irradiated material. The irradiation of polymeric films is described in U.S. Patent Application No. 4,064,296 to Bornstein et al., Which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety by reference to detailed descriptions. Borstein et al. Disclose the use of ionizing radiation to crosslink a polymer contained in a film.

Radiation doses are referred to herein as RAD radiation units, with one million rows, also known as megarads, referred to as MRs, or in kiloGray (kGy) units, with 10 kiloGray corresponding to 1 MR, as is known to those skilled in the art. A suitable dose of fast electron irradiation is in the range of 16 to 166 kGy, more preferably 44 to 139 kGy and even more preferably 50 to 80 kGy. Preferably, electron accelerators are used for irradiation and the dose is measured by standard dosimetric methods.

As used herein, the term corona treatment and corona discharge treatment refers to exposing the surface of a thermoplastic material such as polyolefins to a corona discharge, i.e., ionizing a gas such as air in close proximity to the surface of the film. Ionization is initiated by a high voltage passing through a nearby electrode, causing oxidation and other changes on the film surface.

Corona treatment of polymeric materials is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,120,716 to Bonet of October 17, 1978, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety by reference to the relevant descriptions. Bonet describes improved polyethylene adhesion upon exposure to corona in order to oxidize its surface. U.S. Patent No. 4,879,430 to Hoffman, herein also incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses the use of coronary discharges for

treating plastic fabrics used for wrapping meat products intended for direct cooking by corona treating the inner surface of the fabric, increasing the adhesion of the film to the proteinaceous material.

Although the corona treatment is an inherent method of treating a multilayer film of the present invention, plasma film processing can also be used.

Figure 9 provides an overall view of a package 140 in accordance with the present invention, and Figure 10 shows a cross-section of Figure 9 in section 10-10. The package 140 is a casing 144 sealed with a lap seal weld comprising a meat product 146, the casing 144 being closed at both ends by staples 142, with only one staple shown in Figure 9. Part of the lap joint weld 144. it comprises a longitudinal edge of the outer casing foil 148 and a longitudinal edge 150 of the inner casing foil as well as a lap band 152 in which the skirt weld has been welded. The casing 144 comprises a multilayered casing film corresponding to the backseamed casing of the present invention. For example, the casing sheet may be any one or more of the preferred multilayer sheets 12, 30, 44 or 62 as detailed above. In addition, although the wrap 140 of the figure relates to an overlapping backseamed casing, the wrapping may also be a butt-welded backseamed casing (preferably, as shown in Figure 5), and in this case the casing additionally comprises a sealing tape to seal the butt weld. as described above and shown in Figures 5 and 7. In Figures 9 and 10, the product 146 is in a wrapper, preferably meat, more preferably cooked meat, and it is preferred that the inner (back) surface 154 of the intestine 144 adheres to the meat when cooking the meat product.

The packaged product may be made by a method comprising: (A) filling the backseamed casing with a meat product to form a filled casing; (B) closing the ends of the filled intestine so that the meat product is sealed with a backseamed casing to form a dose; and (C) cooking the meat product enclosed in the backseamed casing by allowing the whole batch to be cooked, the meat product adjacent to the inner (backing) surface of the intestine. The backseamed casing is the backseamed casing of the present invention, preferably the backseamed casing recommended by this patent.

While generally the product in this package may be any cooked meat product, the cooked meat product preferably comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of poultry, ham, beef, lamb, goat, horse meat, fish, liver pate, mortadels a bologny; more preferred are poultry, ham, beef and bologna; even better ham and rostbeef.

The following examples illustrate the invention and are intended to be representative and not limiting of the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, proportions, etc. means by weight.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

EXAMPLE 1

A flattened 9.525 cm (3-3 / 4 inch) width sleeve was made by the coextrusion depicted in Figure 8 as described above, with a cross-section of the sleeve (from the inner surface to the outer surface of the sleeve) having the composition:

(3.0 miles)

0, 0762 mm

LLDPE # 1 (80%) and ionomer # 1 (20%) / EVA # 1 mixture (80%) and LMDPE # 1 (20%) / LLDPE # 2 graft anhydride / nylon # 1 mixture (50%) and nylon # 2 (49 • *

<td> 0,02032</td><td>mm</td><td> (0,8</td><td>mile)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 /</td>

<td> 0,06858</td><td>mm</td><td> (2,7</td><td>milu)</td><td>mixtures of EVA # 1 (80%) and LMDPE # 1 (20%) /</td>

0.0889 mm (3.5 mil) LLDPE # 3;

where:

LLDPE # 1 was DOWLEX® 2045.03 linear low density polyethylene from Dow Plastics, Freeport, Texas.

Ionomer #! was a zinc-based ethylene / methacrylic acid ionizer of SURLYN® 1650, available from EIDuPont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware;

LLDPE # 2 was a linear low density polyethylene TYMOR® 1203 grafted anhydride function from Morton Internationl, Chicago, Illinois;

EVA # 1 was an PE 5269T (TM) ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer from Chevron Chemical Company, Houston, Texas;

EVOH was EVAL® LCE105A polymerized ethylene vinyl alcohol from Eval Company of America, Lisle, Illinois;

LMDPE # 1 was DOWLEX® 2037 linear medium density polyethylene from Dow Plastics, Freeport, Texas;

NYLON # 1 was polyamide 6 ULTRAMID® B4 from BASF Corp., Parsippany, New Jersey;

NYLON # 2 was 6/12 GRILON® CF6S polyamide from EMSAmerican Grilon Inc., Sumter, SC;

LLDPE # 3 was DOWLEX® 2244A linear low density polyethylene from Dow Plastics, Freeport, Texas;

was passed through hot water at a temperature of 97.8 to 98.9 ° C (208 ° F - 210 ° F) for about a third of a minute. The resulting heated sleeve was inflated with a pressurized air over a bubble and oriented to a foil sleeve with a flat width of 9-3 / 4 inches and a total thickness of 0.058 mm (2.3 miles). The bubble was very stable and the optical properties as well as the appearance were good. The film sleeve was found to have a free shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 18% and a free shrinkage in the transverse direction of 29% caused by immersion in hot water at 85 ° C (185 ° F) for about 8 seconds according to ASTM D2732-83.

The foil sleeve manufactured as above was further cut to form a foil sheet. The foil sheet was folded longitudinally over the forming hoof, overlapping the opposite edges of the sheet over its entire length. Thereafter, the longitudinally overlapping edges of the film sheet were joined by lap-lap welding using a hot welding body, specifically a Nishibe Model HSP-250SA welding machine. In the backseam welding operation, the film was positioned so that the outer (facing) layer of the foil sleeve (prior to cutting) formed the outer layer of the backseamed casing and the inner (back) layer of the foil sleeve formed its inner layer. The film was welded with a fillet weld well, that is, without such strangulation on the forming hoof that would lead to film breakage or production interruption.

The resulting backseamed casing having a flat width of about 4 inches (about 10 cm) was closed at the other end by a clasp and filled with an open end emulsion of ground ham. The casing was then sealed with a second metal clasp, and this portion of the meat-filled casing was cut off from the rest of the casing to form a package consisting of a lap welded casing and an emulsion of the ham enclosed in the casing. Several such packages were made and cooked at a temperature of from 62.8 to 76.7 ° C (145-170 ° F) in sufficient water for a further about 4 hours. The cooked intestines were then cooled for several hours at 0 ° C (32 ° F). The chilled packs were then examined for bruising and it was found that there was no bruising between the cooked meat and the intestine. Also, several skirt-welded casings were produced, which contained water as a fill and a mixture of 0.1% mineral oil and 99.9% water. These intestines were evaluated for stability of weld strength by cooking at 82 ° C (180 ° F) for 12 hours and were found to have acceptable weld strength.

The backseamed intestine was also pleated. The gut casings were found to have acceptable weld strength and little or no porosity and craters were found.

EXAMPLE 2

A flat 9,529 cm (3-3 / 4 inch) flat width sleeve is made by coextrusion as described in Figure 8 above, with the cross-section of the sleeve (from inner surface to outer surface) having the following composition:

<td> 0,1524</td><td>mm</td><td>(6.0 miles)</td><td>LLDPE # 3</td><td colspan="2">(80%) and ION # 1 (20%) /</td>

<td> 0,02794</td><td>mm</td><td>(1.1 miles)</td><td>LLDPE # 2</td><td>grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td>

<td> 0,0508</td><td>mm</td><td>(2.0 nice)</td><td colspan="2">nylon blends! (50%)</td><td>and nylon # 2 (50</td>

<td> 0,02794</td><td>mm</td><td>(1.1 miles)</td><td>EVOH /</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0,02794</td><td>mm</td><td>(1.1 mil)</td><td>LLDPE # 2</td><td>grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td>

<td> 0,1524</td><td>mm</td><td>(6.0 nice)</td><td>LLDPE # 3</td><td></td><td></td>

wherein all the resins were already identified above in Example 1. All of these resins were extruded at a temperature between 193 ° C and 260 ° C (380 ° F and 500 ° F) and the die was heated to approximately 215 ° C (420 ° F). The extruded sleeve was cooled with water and flattened, the flat width being 9.525 (3-3 / 4 inches). Then the sleeve passed through the scanning beams of the electronic crosslinking unit, where it was irradiated with a dose of 64 kiloGrays (kGy), equivalent to 4.5 megarads (MR). After irradiation, the flattened sleeve was passed through hot water at a temperature of 97.8 to 98.9 ° C (208-210 ° F) for about a third of a minute. The resulting heated sleeve was immediately inflated with a pressurized air over a bubble and directed to a foil sleeve with a flat width of 9-3 / 4 inches and a total thickness of 0.058 mm (2.3 miles). The bubble was very stable and the optical properties as well as the appearance were good. The film sleeve was found to have a free shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 18% and a free shrinkage in the transverse direction of 29% caused by immersion in hot water at 85 ° C (185 ° F) for about 8 seconds according to ASTM D2732-83.

The foil sleeve manufactured as above was further cut to form a foil sheet. The foil sheet was folded longitudinally over the forming hoof, with opposite edges of the sheet overlapping along the entire length. Thereafter, the longitudinally overlapping edges of the film sheet were joined by lap-lap welding using a hot welding body, specifically a Nishibe Model HSP-250-SA welding machine. In the seam welding operation, the foil was so positioned that the outer (face) layer of the film sleeve (prior to cutting) formed the outer layer of the seam welded casing and the inner layer of the foil sleeve formed its inner layer. The foil was sealed well by welding the flange joint.

The resulting backseamed casing with a flat width of about 4 inches (about 10 cm) was closed at one end with a clasp and filled with an open end with an emulsion of ground ham. Then the intestine was sealed with a second metal clip and this portion of the meat-filled intestine was cut from the remainder of the intestine to form a package composed of a lap-seal casing and an emulsion of ham encased in the intestine. Several such packages have been produced and boiled for a further about 4 hours at a temperature of from 62.8 to 76.7 ° C (145-170 ° F) in sufficient water. The boiled intestines were then cooled in a cold room at 0 ° C (32 ° F) for several hours. The resulting cooked and chilled packs were then examined for pouring and it was found that there was no bleeding between the cooked meat and the intestine.

Several backseamed casing samples were also made containing a product containing 99.9% water and 0.1% mineral oil as fill. These intestines were evaluated for stability of weld strength by cooking at 82 ° C (180 ° F) for 12 hours and were found to have acceptable weld strength.

EXAMPLE 3

A 9.525 cm (3-3 / 4 inch) flat width sleeve is made as described in Example 1. The cross-section of the sleeve (from its inner surface to the outer surface) has the composition: 0.1524 mm (6.0 mil) terpolyolefin # 1 /

0.02794 mm (1.1 mile) LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

0.0508 mm (2.0 miles) of a mixture of nylon # 1 (50%) and nylon # 2 (50%) /

0.02794 mm (1.1 miles) EVOH /

0.02794 mm (1.1 mile) LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

0, 1524 mm (6.0 miles) LLDPE & 3 where:

Terpolyolefin # 1 is LOTADER ethylene / butyl acrylate / maleic anhydride terpolymer8 3210, containing about 3% anhydride groups from Elf Atochem Northern America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, and all other resins have already been identified in Example 1 above.

All these resins were extruded at a temperature between 193 ° C and 260 ° C (380 ° F and 500 ° F) and the die was heated to approximately 215 ° C (420 ° F). The extruded sleeve was cooled with water and flattened, the flat width being 9.525 (3-3 / 4 inches). Then, the sleeve was passed through a beam scanning beam of an electronic crosslinking unit where it was irradiated with a dose of 64 kiloGrays (kGy), equivalent to 4.5 meqarads (MR). After irradiation, the flattened sleeve was passed through hot water having a temperature of 97.8 to 98.9 ° C (208-210 ° F), inflated by a pressurized air to a bubble and directed to a foil sleeve with a flat width of 24.77 cm (9-3 / 4 inches) and a total thickness of 0.05842 mm (2.3 mils). The bubble was very stable and the optical properties as well as the appearance were good. The film sleeve has a free shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 18% and a free shrinkage in the transverse direction of 29% caused by immersion in hot water at 85 ° C (185 ° F) for about 8 seconds according to ASTM D2732-83.

The foil sleeve was further slit to form a foil sheet. The film sheet was folded longitudinally over the forming hoof, with the opposite edges of the sheet overlapping along the entire length. Then, the longitudinally overlapping (lapped) edges of the foil sheet were joined using a hot welding body, spherically by a Nishibe Model HSP-250-SA welding machine, to form an intestine sealed with lap-lap welding. In the seam welding operation, the film was positioned so that the outer layer of the film sleeve (prior to cutting) formed the outer layer of the seam welded casing and the inner layer of the film sleeve formed its inner layer. The backseamed film welded well, i.e. without such strangulation on the forming hoof that would lead to the film breaking or interrupting production.

• · · · • · · ·

The resulting backseamed casing having a flat width of about 4 inches (about 10 cm) was closed at one end with a clasp and filled with an open end with an emulsion of ground ham. The intestine was then sealed with a second metal buckle to form a package that was boiled at a temperature of from 62.8 to 76.7 ° C (145-170 ° F) in sufficient water for about 4 hours. The packages containing the cooked ham emulsion were then cooled for several hours at 0 ° C (32 ° F). The resulting chilled packages were then examined for bruising and it was found that there was no bruising between the cooked meat and the plastic.

Also, several intestines were produced which contained 99.9% water and 0.1% mineral oil as filler. These casings were evaluated for weld strength stability by cooking at 82 ° C (180 ° F) for 12 hours and were found to have acceptable weld strength.

EXAMPLE 4

A 9.55 cm (3-3 / 4 inch) flat width sleeve is made as described above and illustrated in Figure 5, wherein the composition on the sleeve cross-section (from its inner surface to the outer surface) is as follows:

<td> 0,08382</td><td>mm</td><td> (3, 3</td><td>milu)</td><td>mixtures of EVA # 1 (80%) and HDPEfl (20%) /</td>

<td> 0,02286</td><td>mm</td><td> (0, 9</td><td>milu)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /</td>

<td> 0,04572</td><td>mm</td><td> (1,8</td><td>milu)</td><td>mixture of nylon # 1 (50%) and nylon # 2 (50%)</td>

<td> 0,04064</td><td>mm</td><td> (1,6</td><td>milu)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /</td>

<td> 0,05588</td><td>mm</td><td> (2,2</td><td>milu)</td><td>mixtures of EVA # 1 (80%) and HDPEfl (20%) /</td>

<td> 0,07874</td><td>mm</td><td> (3,1</td><td>milu)</td><td>LLDPE # 3</td>

EMA # 1 was an ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer.

...... ..... ··

NUCREL ”ARX 84-2 from EI DuPont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware;

HDPE # 1 is FORTIFLEX® J60-500C-147 high density polyethylene from Solvay Polymers, Inc., Deer Park, Texas; and all other resins have already been identified above in Example 1.

All these resins were extruded at a temperature between 193 ° C and 260 ° C (380 ° F and 500 ° F) and the die was heated to approximately 215 ° C (420 ° F). The extruded sleeve was cooled with water and flattened, the flat width being 9.525 (3-3 / 4 inches). Then, the sleeve was passed through a beam scanning beam of an electronic crosslinking unit where it was irradiated with a dose of 64 kiloGrays (kGy), equivalent to 4.5 megarads (MR). After irradiation, the flattened sleeve was passed through hot water having a temperature of 97.8 to 98.9 ° C (208-210 ° F), inflated by a pressurized air to a bubble and directed to a foil sleeve with a flat width of 24.77 cm (9-3 / 4 inches) and a total thickness of 0.058 mil (2.3 mil). The bubble was very stable and the optical properties as well as the appearance were good. The film sleeve has a free shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 18% and a free shrinkage in the transverse direction of 29% caused by immersion in hot water at 85 ° C (185 ° F) for about 8 seconds according to ASTM D2732-83.

The foil sleeve manufactured as described above was further cut to form a foil sheet. The foil sheet was folded longitudinally over the forming hoof, with the opposing edges of the sheet overlapping, and then they were joined longitudinally at the lap edges of the foil sheet by heat sealing with a hot welding body using a Nishibe Model HSP-250-SA welding machine. In the backseam welding operation, the film was positioned so that the outer layer of the film sleeve (before cutting) formed the outer layer.

the backseamed intestine and the inner layer of the foil sleeve formed its inner layer. The foil was welded backseamed well and seemed to have acceptable weld strength. The film was also evaluated for adherence to proteinaceous materials and was found to have sufficient spill resistance, although the quality of the ham-based product was intermediate.

EXAMPLE 5

A flat 14.6 cm (5-3 / 4 inch) sleeve was made by the coextrusion method of Figure 8 as described above, wherein the composition on the cross-section (from the inner layer to the outer layer)

<td>sleeve)</td><td colspan="2">was:</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0,0762</td><td>mm (</td><td>3.0 nice)</td><td colspan="2">LLDPE # 3 (80%) and EAA # 1 (20%) /</td>

<td> 0,08636</td><td>mm</td><td>(3.4 miles)</td><td>EVA # 1 mixtures (60%)</td><td>HDPE # 1 (20%) a</td>

<td> 0,03048</td><td>mm</td><td>(1.2 miles)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td>

<td> 0,04308</td><td>mm</td><td>(1.7 million)</td><td>nylon blends # 1 (50%)</td><td>and nylon # 2 (50%) /</td>

<td> 0,02794</td><td>mm</td><td>(1.1 mil)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td>

<td> 0,06858</td><td>mm</td><td>(2.7 mil)</td><td>EVA # 1 mixtures (60%)</td><td>EAA # 1 (20%) and PIG</td>

<td> 0,08636</td><td>mm</td><td>(3.4 miles)</td><td>LLDPE # 3</td><td></td>

where:

EAA # 1 is a PRIMACOR * 1410 ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan;

PIG # 1 is an opaque white concentrate of EPE 10214-C from Teknor Color Company, Pawtucket, RI;

all other resins were identified above in Examples 1-4.

All these resins were extruded at a temperature between 193 ° C and 260 ° C (380 ° F and 500 ° F) and the nozzle was heated.

to about 215 ° C (420 ° F). The extruded sleeve was cooled with water and flattened, the flat width was 14.06 (5-3 / 4 inches). Thereafter, the sleeve passed through the scanning beam of an electronic crosslinking unit where it was irradiated with a dose of 64 kiloGrays (kGy), equivalent to 4.5 megarads (MR). After irradiation, the flattened sleeve was passed through hot water at a temperature of 97.8 to 98.9 ° C (208-210 ° F) for about a third of a minute. Immediately after leaving the hot water bath, the heated sleeve was inflated with compressed air into a bubble and oriented to a 15.1 inch (38.1 cm) wide flat foil sleeve with a total thickness of 0.058 mm (2.3 miles). The bubble was very stable and the optical properties as well as the appearance were good. The film sleeve was found to have a free shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of 18% and a free shrinkage in the transverse direction of 29% induced by immersion in hot water at 85 ° C (185 ° F) for about 8 seconds according to ASTM D2732-83.

The foil sleeve produced as above was further cut to form a foil sheet and processed to the intestine with a lap seal weld as described in Example 1. The foil was welded with a seal weld very well.

The resulting backseamed casing having a flat width of about 10.2 cm (4 inches) was then closed at one end with a clasp and filled with an open end with an emulsion of ground ham. Then the intestine was sealed with a second metal clip and this portion of the meat-filled intestine was cut off from the rest of the intestine to form a package consisting of a casing welded with a lap joint and an emulsion of ham encased in the intestine. Several such packages have been produced and boiled for a further about 4 hours at a temperature of from 62.8 to 76.7 ° C (145-170 ° F) in sufficient water. The cooked intestines were then cooled for several hours at 0 ° C (32 ° F). The resulting chilled packages were then examined for

bruising and it has been found that there is no bruising between the cooked meat and the intestine.

Several other packages were also made using the same backseamed casings containing as a fill a product containing 99.9% water and 0.1% mineral oil. These intestines were evaluated for stability of weld strength by cooking at 82 ° C (180 ° F) for 12 hours and were found to have acceptable weld strength.

The slit film sleeve was also corona treated (ionizing radiation) to a surface energy of 62 dynes / cm and then folded longitudinally over the second shaping hoof, overlapping the opposite edges of the sheet; the size of the hoof was such that the resulting casing welded over the lap joint had a flat width of 13.35 cm (5-1 / 4 inches). The backseamed intestine was then closed at one end with a clasp and filled with an open sausage emulsion at the open end. Then the intestine was sealed with a second metal clip and this portion of the meat-filled intestine was cut off from the rest of the intestine to form a package consisting of a lap welded intestine casing and an intestinal liver sausage emulsion. Several such packages have been produced and boiled for a further about 4 hours at a temperature of from 62.8 to 76.7 ° C (145-170 ° F) in sufficient water. The boiled intestines were then cooled in a refrigerator at 0 ° C (32 ° F) for several hours. The resulting chilled packs were then examined for bruising and found to have good bruising resistance at the edges of the flattened sleeve, i.e. where the edges rub against the forming hoof. It follows that, although the effects of the corona treatment were scuffed at the edges of the sleeve, there was sufficient affinity of the untreated intestine inner surface (even in the case of ethnylene / acrylic acid copolymer) for liver sausage at these points, so · There is no fat excretion in these areas.

The intestines described above were also folded. The gathered intestines have been found to have acceptable weld strength without porosity and craters.

EXAMPLE 6

A 12.7 cm flat width sleeve described above and shown in (5 inches) is made in Figure 8, by co-extruding the sleeve (from the inner surface to the fold:

the cross-section of the outer surface)

0.072 mm

0.127 mm (3.0 mil) LLDPE # 4 / (5.0 mil) blends of EVA # 2 (80%) and LLDPE # 1 (20%) /

0.0254 mm

0,0635 mm

0.02794 mm (1.0 mil) LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride / (2.5 miles) nylon # 2 /

EVOH / (1.1

0.04064 mm

LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

0.06096 mm (2.4 mixtures of EVA # 2 (80%) and LLDPE # 1 (20%)

0,0762 mm

LLDPE # 3, a

LLDPE # 4 was a linear low density anhydride grafted polyethylene PLEXAR ® PX 360 from Quantum Chemical Company, Cincinnati, Ohio;

EVA # 2 was an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer ELVAX * 3128 from EI DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware; and all other resins were identified above in Examples 1 to 5.

The sleeve was fabricated and oriented to a 38.1 cm (15 inch) flat width sleeve as described in Example 1 above. A significant difference between this film and the film of Examples 1-5 is that the film in this example has a central layer containing only nylon # 2, that is, nylon • · · ·

6/12 instead of a mixture of nylon 6 and nylon 6/12. The sleeve was oriented to an acceptable extent, although its orientability was considerably worse than the sleeves in Examples 1 to 5.

The foil sleeve was processed to a foil sheet which was processed to a backseamed casing as described in Example 1. The foil seam welding was satisfactory, although not as good as the foils in Examples 1 to 5. It was also found in the evaluation the weld strength that even though the hem weld sleeve in this example is likely to have an acceptable weld strength, this strength was / is lower than the film strength in Examples 1 to 5.

EXAMPLE 7 (Comparative)

The coextrusion described above and illustrated in Figure 8 was made with a flat width of 13.2 cm (5-1 / 8 inch) having a cross-sectional composition (from inner surface to outer surface) as follows:

0.08128 mm (3.2 mil) LLDPE # 4 / 0.132 mm (5.2 mil) blends of EVA # 2 (65%), LLDPE # 1 (20%) and PIG # 1 (15%) /

<td> 0,02286</td><td>mm</td><td> (0, 9</td><td>milu)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td>

<td> 0,01778</td><td>mm</td><td> (0,7</td><td>milu)</td><td>nylon # 1 blends (50</td><td>%) and nylon # 2 (50</td>

<td> 0,04318</td><td>mm</td><td> (1,7</td><td>milu)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td>

<td> 0,04826</td><td>mm</td><td> (1,9</td><td>mi 1 u)</td><td>EVA # 2 mixtures (65%)</td><td>LLDPE # 1 (20%) a</td>

<td> 0,08128</td><td>mm</td><td> (3,2</td><td>milu)</td><td>LLDPE # 3</td><td></td>

wherein all resins have already been identified above in Examples 1 to 6.

All of these resins were extruded at • • • · · ·

between 193 ° C and 276 ° C (380 ° F and 530 ° F) and the nozzle was heated to approximately 215 ° C (420 ° F). The extruded sleeve was cooled with water and flattened and its flat width was 13.02 cm (5-1 / 8 inches). Then, the sleeve passed through a beam scanning beam of an electronic crosslinking unit where it was irradiated with a total dose of 64 kilos. After irradiation, the flattened sleeve was passed through hot water for about one third of a minute, having a temperature of 95.6 to 98.9 ° C (204-210 ° F). The resulting hot sleeve was then inflated into a bubble and converted into a two-way foil sleeve in the hot state. The oriented foil sleeve had a flat width of 38.1 cm (15 inches). The multilayer film had a total thickness of 0.0584 mm (2.3 miles) and a free shrinkage of about 18% in the longitudinal direction and 29% in the transverse direction. Free shrinkage was determined by immersion in hot water at 85 ° C (185 ° F) for about 8 seconds according to ASTM D2732-83.

The sleeve manufactured as above was cut further to form a flat foil. The flat film was folded longitudinally over the forming hoof, while the opposed lap edges of the film were thermally welded while attempting to make a lap joint using a Nishibe Model HSP250-SA welding machine. In the backseam welding operation, the foil was positioned so that the outer layer of the foil sleeve (before cutting) formed the outer layer of the backseamed intestine and the inner layer of the foil sleeve formed its inner layer. However, during this backseam welding, the sleeve largely became stuck on the forming hoof, leading to a rupture of the film. Therefore, it was not possible to weld the backing sheet with a back weld.

Example 8 (Comparative)

A flat width 8.89 cm (3-1 / 2 inch) sleeve is made by the coextrusion described above and shown in Figure 8, wherein the cross-section of the sleeve (from inner surface to outer surface) has the composition:

<td>0,08128 mm</td><td>(3.2 miles) LLDPE # 4 /</td>

<td>0.12446 mm</td><td>(4.9 mile) of EVA # 2 (65%), LLDPE # 1 (20%) and</td>

PIG # 1 (16%) /

<td>0.0254 mm</td><td>(1.0 mil) anhydride-grafted LLDPE # 2 /</td>

<td>0,0635 mm</td><td>(2.5 miles) of nylon # 1 (50%) and nylon # 2 (50%) /</td>

0.03084 mm (1.2 miles) EVOH /

0.04064 mm (1.6 miles) LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

0.04826 mm (1.9 miles) of EVA # 2 (65%), LLDPE # 1 (25%), and

PIG # 1 (16%) /

0.08128 mm (3.2 mile) LLDPE # 3, where all other resins have already been identified in Example 7 (comparative) above.

The sleeve was made and oriented to the foil sleeve width

25.4 cm (10 inches) as described above in Example 7 (comparative). The only significant difference between the film of this example and the film of Example 7 (comparative) is the thickness of the nylon core layer, i.e., in this example, the thickness of the nylon core layer was about 3.5 times greater than the thickness of the nylon core layer of Example 7 (comparative) .

The resulting foil sleeve was processed into a foil sheet and then a backseamed gut, both performed in the same manner as in Example 7 (comparative) above. In contrast to the film in Example 7 (comparative), however, this film did not undergo significant strangulation to the forming hoof and the backseam seal was successful.

However, the resulting backseamed casing of this example is not an example of the present invention because it does not have sufficient spill resistance. However, this example has shown that compliance with the minimum thickness of the nylon core layer is critical to the ability to weld a shrink film with a fillet weld.

The backseamed intestine was also pleated. The colonic gut has been found to have acceptable weld strength without the formation of pores and craters.

EXAMPLE 9 (Comparative)

A flat width 13.02 cm (5-1 / 8 inch) sleeve is made by the coextrusion described above and shown in Figure 8, wherein

<td colspan="2">cross-section of sleeve</td><td colspan="4">(from inner surface to outer surface) has</td>

<td>Ingredients:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>0, 0762 mm</td><td> (3,0</td><td>nice)</td><td>of LLDPE # 4 mixture (90%)</td><td>and nylon # 2</td><td> (10 %)/</td>

<td>0.1321 mm</td><td> (5,2</td><td>mile)</td><td>Mixtures LLDPE # 2 (80%)</td><td>and EAO # 1 (25</td><td> %)/</td>

<td>0.0508 mm</td><td> (2, 0</td><td>nice)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td><td></td>

<td>0,04318 mm</td><td>(AND,</td><td>7 miles)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td><td></td>

<td>0,08128 mm</td><td> (3,</td><td>2 miles)</td><td>LLDPE # 2 blends (80%</td><td>) and EAO # 1 (20</td><td> %)/</td>

<td>0, 0762 mm</td><td> (3,0</td><td>nice)</td><td>LLDPE # 3</td><td></td><td></td>

wherein EAO # 1 was an homogeneous ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer EXACT 4011 (TM) from Exxon Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas;

and all other resins have already been identified in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 above.

All these resins were extruded at a temperature between 193 ° C and 276.7 ° C (380 ° F and 530 ° F) and the die was heated to approximately 215 ° C (420 ° F). The extruded sleeve was cooled with water and flattened, the flat width being 13.02 cm (5-1 / 8 inches). Then, the sleeve passed through a beam scanning beam of an electronic crosslinking unit where it was irradiated with a total dose of 64 kGy. After irradiation, the flattened sleeve was passed through hot water at a temperature of 95.6 to 98.9 ° C (204-210 ° F) for about a third of a minute. After emerging from the hot water, the hot sleeve was immediately inflated with a pressurized air to a bubble and oriented to an oriented foil sleeve with a flat width of 14 inches. This film had a total thickness of 0.0584 mm (2.3 miles). The sleeve was not oriented as well as the foils described in Examples 1, 4, 5, 7 (comparative) and 8 (comparative) because the nylon core layer was missing. The film had a free shrinkage of about 25% in the longitudinal direction and about 29% in the transverse direction. Free shrinkage was determined by immersion in hot water at 85 ° C (185 ° F) for about 8 seconds according to ASTM Method D2732-83.

The foil sleeve was processed to a foil sheet that was welded with a hem weld as described in Example 1. However, when welding the hem, the sleeve severely locked onto the forming hoof (much more severely than in Example 7 (comparative)), breaking and breaking manufacturing process. Therefore, this film apparently was not a film capable of edge welding. Therefore, not only did the absence of the nylon core layer affect the orientability of the film, but also the resulting film could not be welded with a fillet weld. This comparative example shows the importance of the nylon core layer for both flange welding and orientability.

EXAMPLE 10 (Comparative)

A flat width 13.02 cm (5-1 / 8 inch) sleeve is made by the coextrusion described above and shown in Figure 8, wherein the cross-section of the sleeve (from inner surface to outer surface) has the composition:

0.0762 mm (3.0 mil) of a mixture of L.LDPE # 4 (80%) and nylon # 2 (20%) / 0.1524 mm (6.0 miles) of a mixture of LLDPE & 2 (80%) and EAO # 1 ( 20%) / <·

0.0254 mm (1.0 mil) LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

0.04064 mm (1.6 mil) of a mixture of nylon # 1 (50%) and nylon # 2 (50%) /

0.0254 mm (1.0 mil) EVOH /

0.04318 mm (1.7 mil) LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

0.0762 mm (3.0 mil) of LLDPE # 2 (80%) and EAO # 1 (20%) / 0.0762 mm (3.0 mil) LLDPE # 3, where all resins have already been identified in Examples 1 to 9 above.

The sleeve was made by coextrusion and oriented to a 35.6 cm (14 inch) wide foil sleeve described above in Example 9 (comparative). The only significant difference between this film and the film in Example 9 (comparative) was the inclusion of the nylon core layer in the film composition in this Example. The film oriented in an acceptable and much better way than the film in Example 9 (comparative). The sleeve was then cut into a flat sheet and welded with a fillet weld as described in Example 1 above. The foil could be well welded with a flange joint with good weld strength.

However, although the film of this example was acceptable to be sealed with a welded seam seal, it is not a recommended and preferred film because it exhibited insufficient adhesion to proteins, i.e., insufficient spill resistance. However, a comparison of the possibility of this sheet and the sheet of Example 9 (comparative) to undergo hem welding and orientation shows that the presence of the nylon core layer is critical to the ability to weld the shrinkable casing foil by hem welding.

EXAMPLE 11 (Comparative)

A flat width 12.7 cm (5 inch) sleeve is made by the coextrusion described above and shown in Figure 8, with a cross section

<td>sleeve</td><td>(from</td><td colspan="2">internal</td><td>surface to the outside</td><td>surface)</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Ingredients</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0,08128</td><td>mm</td><td> (3,2</td><td>mile)</td><td>LLDPE # 3 /</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0,11684</td><td>mm</td><td> (4,6</td><td>mile)</td><td>mixtures of EVA # 2 (80 %)</td><td>and LLDPE # 1 (20</td><td> %)</td><td> /</td>

<td colspan="2">0.0254 mm (</td><td colspan="3">1.0 mil) LLDPE # 2 grafted</td><td>anhydride /</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0,04826</td><td>mm</td><td> (1,9</td><td>milu)</td><td>nylon # 1 blends (50</td><td>%) and nylon # 2</td><td colspan="2"> (50</td>

<td> 0,04826</td><td>mm</td><td> (1,9</td><td>milu)</td><td colspan="2">LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0,08128</td><td>mm</td><td> (3,2</td><td>milu)</td><td>mixtures of EVA # 2 (80%)</td><td>and LLDPE # 1 (20</td><td> %)</td><td>IN</td>

<td> 0,07874</td><td>mm</td><td> (3, 1</td><td>milu)</td><td>LLDPE # 3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

wherein all resins have already been identified in Example 7 (comparative) above. The sleeve was fabricated and oriented to a 38.1 cm (15 inch) flat width sleeve as described in Example 8 (comparative). The only significant difference between the film of this example and the film of Example 8 (comparative) was that the film was pigmented. The film was processed into a film sheet and provided with a fillet weld as described in Example 1 above. This sheet of foil showed good welding capability. The backseamed intestine was used to prepare a large number of packages containing a medium quality ham emulsion. This emulsion was prepared, cooked, and chilled as described in Example 1. The obtained chilled packs exhibited a substantial and unacceptable creep between the surface in contact with the meat and the cooked meat product. Therefore, this example suggests that adhesion to Plexar® PX 360 polyolefin resin proteins containing less than about 1/2% of the anhydride function is inadequate and does not prevent spillage in ham or medium quality ham products. that is, those having a relatively low protein content, and therefore it is more difficult to achieve good adhesion of the film to the meat. The ham product was the same as used in Example 1.

The foil sheet was also corona treated to a surface energy of 62 dynes / cm, then sealed with a backseam weld and the resulting backseamed casing was used as described immediately above, i.e. for wrapping intermediate quality ham products. In one study of the chilled intestines, a bruise was found at the edges of the flattened intestine, i.e. where the edges rub against the forming hoof, resulting in insufficient protein adhesion. The rubbing of the edges against the shaping hoof may have rubbed the corona-treated surface at these points. This elimination of the effects of corona treatment by the forming hoof resulted in too low spill resistance. Meat contacted resin containing anhydride (Plexar® PX360 with an anhydride function below 1%) without corona treatment (i.e. after scratching the effects of corona) has an underlay resistance insufficient to prevent fat loss. The liver sausage used is the same as the liver sausage tested for cooking behavior in Example 5.

The backseamed intestine was also shirred. The gathered bowels had very good weld strength with little or no porosity or craters.

Example 12 (Comparative)

A 10.2 cm (4 inch) flat width sleeve is made by the coextrusion described above and shown in Figure 8, wherein the cross-section of the sleeve (from inner surface to outer surface) has the composition:

0.0762 mm (3.0 mil) EPC # 1 / • · · ·

0.127 mm (5.0 mil) of EVA # 3 (70%) and EAO # 2 (30%) /

0.03556 mm (1.4 mil)

LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

0.03048 mm (1.2 mil) EVOH /

0.03302 mm (1.3 mil) LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

0.127 mm (5.0 miles) EPC # 1, and where:

EPC # 1 was an ELTEX P KS409 propylene / ethylene copolymer from Solvay Polymers, Inc., Deer Park, Texas.

EVA # 3 was a 6.5% EVA copolymer of PE1651CS28 from REXENE Corporation, Dallas, Texas.

EAO # 2 was an ethylene / propylene copolymer TAFMER (TM) P-0480 from Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Tokyo, Japan, and all other resins have already been identified in Example 1.

The sleeve was made and oriented to a flat sleeve of 30.48 cm (12 inches) width as described in Example 1 above. The orientability of the sleeve was acceptable though worse than the sleeve in Example 1, probably because the sleeve in Example 1 contained a nylon-containing central layer.

The casing film produced as described above was then cut into a film sheet. This was further subjected to ionization radiation from the corona to irradiate the flat foils to a surface energy of about 48 dynes / cm of the sleeve backsheet, i.e., the outer foil layer designed to form the inner (back) corona irradiated casing. After corona irradiation, the film sheet was folded longitudinally over the forming hoof, with the opposing edges overlapping as described above. The resulting overlap zone of the film was then joined by heat welding along the entire length of the overlap to form an overlap weld using a Nishibe Model HSP-250-SA welding machine. During the backseam welding, the film was positioned such that the corona-treated surface formed the inner layer of the resulting overlap welded casing. Although the film did not contain a central layer comprising nylon and / or polyester, the film had an acceptable edge weld capability. It is believed that the presence of the outer layers of the film containing the propylene / ethylene copolymer helped prevent the film from shrinking so tightly on the forming hoof that it would interrupt production.

The backseamed intestine was then used to prepare multiple packs containing liver sausage. The packs were prepared, cooked and chilled as described in Example 1. Although the overlap-welded casing had acceptable weld strength, it is not recommended to be advantageous for the preparation of the casings of the present invention because the weld strength was poor in cooking and wrinkles compared to the intestinal foil films of Examples 1 and 5. In addition, it has been found that during cooking, fat is excreted at the edges of the flattened sleeve, i.e. where the effects of the corona action have been rubbed off by the shaping hoof.

EXAMPLE 13

A 12.7 cm (5 inch) width sleeve was made as described above by coextrusion as shown in Figure 8, with the composition

<td>on the cross-section</td><td>(from inner to outer) was:</td>

<td>0,05858 mm</td><td>(2.7 mil.) LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /</td>

<td>0.0508 mm</td><td>(2.0 sweet) nylon # 2 /</td>

0.0254 mm (1.0 mil) EVOH /

<td>0,06604 mm</td><td>(2.6 mil.) DLDPE # 2 bolted with anhydride /</td>

<td>0.1016 mm</td><td>(4.0 nice) EPC # 2 and EAO # 3 blends</td>

where:

EPC '# 2 was a NOBLEN (TM) propylene / ethylene copolymer

W531D from Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan;

EA0 # 3 was TAFMER (TM) A-4085 ethylene / butene copolymer from Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; and all other resins were identified above in Example 1.

The sleeve was made and oriented to a 14 inch (35.6 cm) wide foil sleeve as described above in Example 1. The sleeve was acceptably orientable, although its orientability was lower than that of the sleeve in Example 1, probably because the sleeve in the example 1 included a central layer comprising a more preferred nylon composition.

The casing film produced as described immediately above was then cut into a flat film, exposed to corona and welded with a fillet weld as described in Example 12 above. After preparing batches of foil-filled casings with liver sausage and boiling in the wrapper as described in Example 12, it was found that the backseamed casing had a reasonable weld strength but was not recommended as an intestine according to the invention due to the lower weld strength in the wrapper and greater weld wrinkle due to boiling compared to the foil casings of Examples 1 and 5. In addition, it has been found that during cooking in the package, fat has been released at the edges of the flattened sleeve, i.e. where the effects of ionization have been rubbed off by the forming hoof.

EXAMPLE 14

A sleeve of 13.97 cm (5-1 / 2 inch) width was produced by coextrusion as described above in Figure 8, where

<td>cross section (from</td><td rowspan="2">inside h (2.8 miles)</td>

<td>0.14986 mm</td><td>(5.9 miles)</td>

<td>0.0381 mm (</td><td>1.5 miles)</td>

<td>0.03084 mm</td><td>(1.2 miles)</td>

<td>0.072 62 mm (</td><td>3.0 miles)</td>

<td>0,02286 mm</td><td>(0.9 miles)</td>

<td>0,06096 mm</td><td>(2.4 miles)</td>

<td>0,07366 mm and where:</td><td>(2.9 miles)</td>

layers to the outer layer) was:

EPC # 1 / EVA # 3 (70%) and EAO # 2 (30%) /

LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride /

EVOH / nylon # 2 /

LLDPE # 2 grafted with anhydride / EVA # 3 (70%) and EAO # 2 (30%) /

EPC # 1, all resins have already been identified in Examples 1 and 7 above.

The sleeve was made and oriented to a 16.6 inch (40.64 cm) wide film sleeve as described above in Example 1. Although the sleeve was acceptably orientable, its orientability was lower than that of the sleeve in Example 1, probably because the sleeve in the example 1 included a central layer comprising a more preferred nylon composition.

The casing sheet produced as described immediately above was then cut into a flat sheet, exposed to corona, and welded with a fillet weld as described above in Example 12. The sheet could be welded with a fillet weld acceptably. The resulting lap-seal backseamed intestine was then shirred and the shirred intestine was tested for weld strength. The results show that while the weld strength of the gathered bowel was good, the gathering resulted in a low but higher than recommended pore and crater formation rate along the hem weld.

The results obtained from Examples 1 to 6 corresponding to the present invention, as well as the results obtained from Examples 7 to 14, lead to some important and unexpected conclusions valid for the present invention.

Firstly, it has been found that the nylon core layer significantly reduces or eliminates the strangulation of the film on the forming hoof by heat welding the hem joint, if the nylon core layer has at least a certain minimum thickness. Although the amount of nylon needed is likely to depend on a number of different factors such as the composition of the remainder of the film, the overall physical properties and the like, it appears that the nylon layer must have a thickness of at least 5% of the total thickness of the multilayer film. hoof or prevent it.

Secondly, the choice of nylon type may have a significant impact on the foil function not only in terms of being able to provide backing welds to the intestine, but also with respect to other necessary properties such as improved orientability, improved weldability, improved weld strength and improved porosity and crater resistance. While the weld strength is simply the weld strength evaluated according to the capability to face cooking in the package, the weldability is the ease of welding, that is, it includes the temperature of the welding medium, uniform weld strength of different batches and weld reliability in the package. Comparison of the functional properties of the backseamed casings between the products of Examples 6 and 11 shows, for example, that the core layer of a mixture of nylon 6 (50%) and nylon 6/12 (50%) provides better sleeve orientability, better weldability, better casing capability fillet weld and better weld strength. The effect of the nylon core layer on the ability to weld backseamed casings is unexpected as it cannot be explained by the module, free shrinkage or shrinkage force that the film imparts to the nylon-containing layer. In addition, the significant effect of the nylon core layer on the weld strength is unexpected because the nylon core layer does not serve as a sealing layer.

• · • · · · • ·

Third, the comparison of Examples 12-14 with each other and with Examples 1 to 11 identifies the numerous advantages of the backseamed casings of the present invention. Firstly, when the core layer comprising polyester and / or first nylon or first nylon with a melting point of at least 148.9 ° C (300 ° F) brings advantages in better edge welding capability, i.e. in preventing strangulation on the forming hoof, this advantage in some cases (depending on the composition of the remainder of the film), it can be obtained at a comparable level in the absence of a similar core layer, as can be seen from a comparison of Example 12 (comparative) with Example 13 (comparative). Secondly, a comparison of Example 13 with Examples 1 and 5 shows that although a nylon core layer is included in the film and the film can be sealed with an edge weld to an acceptable level, the outer layers containing propylene / ethylene copolymers mean wrinkle at the weld site. commercially undesirable and harmful also from the point of view of the weld resistance in the wrapping. Third, comparison of Example 14 with Examples 1 and 5 shows that in Examples 1 and 5, the intestine could be shirred without noticeable pores and craters, unlike the Comparative Bowel in Example 14. Also comparing Examples 6, 13 and 14 with Examples 1 and 5 5 shows that a more advantageous nylon composition can greatly increase the orientability of the flattened sleeve in the production of the foil sleeve.

Citations
Document	Relation	Office	Cited during
CZ296846B6	Cited by	Czechia	Search report

64 members in 19 offices

This recordMember, by publication datePriority claim9 more offices are in the list below

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Priority claims
Document	Office	Kind	Date
53991995	United States of America	A	1995-10-06
53991995	United States of America	A	1995-10-06
95539919	–	–	–
US19950539919	–	–	–

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CA2097669A1	Canada	A1	1993-12-06
EP0573306A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	1993-12-08
AU3992793A	Australia	A	1993-12-09
ZA933880B	South Africa	B	1993-12-27
EP0573306A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	1994-01-19
MX9303359A	Mexico	A	1994-01-31
JPH0665501A	Japan	A	1994-03-08
CA2106889A1	Canada	A1	1994-03-26
AU4756793A	Australia	A	1994-03-31
JPH06210810A	Japan	A	1994-08-02
NZ247739A	New Zealand	A	1996-02-27
NZ248765A	New Zealand	A	1996-08-27
AU672222B2	Australia	B2	1996-09-26
CA2233948A1	Canada	A1	1997-04-10
CA2561490A1	Canada	A1	1997-04-10
WO9712758A1	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A1	1997-04-10
AU7393696A	Australia	A	1997-04-28
KR970020416A	Republic of Korea	A	1997-05-28
PL326086A1	Poland	A1	1998-08-17
EP0874735A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	1998-11-04
CN1202855A	China	A	1998-12-23
CZ97598A3This record	Czechia	A3	1999-04-14
BR9610998A	Brazil	A	1999-07-13
HU9901974A2	Hungary	A2	1999-10-28
HUP9901974A2	Hungary	A2	1999-10-28
HU9901974A3	Hungary	A3	1999-11-29
HUP9901974A3	Hungary	A3	1999-11-29
NZ321050A	New Zealand	A	1999-11-29
EP0980752A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2000-02-23
EP0980752A3	European Patent Office (EPO)	A3	2000-04-19
EP0573306B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2000-08-16
AT195402T	Austria	T	2000-09-15
ATE195402T1	Austria	T1	2000-09-15
DE69329217D1	Germany	D1	2000-09-21
DK0573306T3	Denmark	T3	2000-10-09
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US6203750B1	United States of America	B1	2001-03-20
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US2001041201A1	United States of America	A1	2001-11-15
CN1077029C	China	C	2002-01-02
EP0874735B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2003-02-12
AT232463T	Austria	T	2003-02-15
ATE232463T1	Austria	T1	2003-02-15
DE69626221D1	Germany	D1	2003-03-20
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DE69626221T2	Germany	T2	2003-12-11
ES2201206T3	Spain	T3	2004-03-16
US2004071903A1	United States of America	A1	2004-04-15
EP0980752B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2004-05-26
KR100416314B1	Republic of Korea	B1	2004-06-14
AT267698T	Austria	T	2004-06-15
ATE267698T1	Austria	T1	2004-06-15
DE69333539D1	Germany	D1	2004-07-01
US6764729B2	United States of America	B2	2004-07-20
ES2221291T3	Spain	T3	2004-12-16
DE69333539T2	Germany	T2	2005-06-30
JP3775690B2	Japan	B2	2006-05-17
CZ296811B6	Czechia	B6	2006-06-14
US2007014897A1	United States of America	A1	2007-01-18
CA2233948C	Canada	C	2007-01-23
CA2561490C	Canada	C	2008-04-01
US7540834B2	United States of America	B2	2009-06-02

2 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC

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	Event	Code
2011-05-04	Patent lapsed due to non-payment of feeLapsedMM4A	MM4A
2000-06-30	Pending as of 2000-06-30 in czech republicPD00	PD00

Sausage casing welded by edge weld and articled packaged therein

Abstract

Term

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

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EVOH / (1.1

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