Mobile machine for track reparing

(54) Mobile track repair machine

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a mobile track repair machine, in particular a leveling tamping and leveling machine, with at least one track-guided sensor on the track and a measuring sensor provided with a measuring reference system and a control device controlling track positioning tools according to reference measuring system.

A number of embodiments of track repair machines are already known which have track alignment and / or height alignment devices and which have their own track position sensing alignment and / or leveling reference system. For all these machines, where the front end point of the respective, the prescribed track position of the determining measuring reference system on the not yet repaired track and the rear end point of the reference system are guided on the already repaired track, the track position correction is performed according to the so-called error reduction principle. In this case, the original errors in the track position are reduced in the same ratio, depending on the design and arrangement of the respective measuring reference system, as well as the given track tool assignment.

As can be seen from the Austrian patents Nos. 289 176, 227749 and 280 331, various basic methods for aligning the tracks are already known on the basis of the principle of error reduction, in which the measuring-reference system determining the desired rail position, formed by one, two - or - several reference chords, which are embodied, for example, by tensioned wires. and - which - are guided along the track by the sensing elements. The detection of the instantaneous track position error and the control of the track position correction tools are carried out by means of measuring sensors which measure - deflection to one reference tangent or distance - or angle '. between two successive cooperating reference tangents at least in the region of the sensing member whose relative position relative to the reference system determines the desired straightening or stroke measure of the track repair tool. All of these known methods have proven to be extremely practical in practice, due to their simplicity, reliability and possible favorable error reduction ratio. However, in view of the ever-increasing permissible line speeds, the requirements for track position accuracy are also increasing - and, therefore, there has long been an attempt to arrange this error reduction ratio even more favorably in order to further reduce irreparable residual errors. .

Thus, for example, Austrian patent specification 294,890 discloses a lateral track correction device in which a reference line associated with track position correction tools and guided by its rear end point over an already repaired track is connected to its point at its front end. laid, for example, in the middle on the front forward reference chord. This arrangement ensures that the deviation of the reference chord associated with the track position correction tools, which is conditioned by the front guidance of the measurement reference system on the still unrecovered track, is reduced from the position corresponding to the desired track progression; thus, the length dimensions of both reference chords, the choice of their connection point and the position of the rear end point of the front reference chord relative to the location of the track repair point are crucial for the track alignment perfection and the achievable error reduction magnitude accordingly. Of course, the basic design of this track repair machine puts some limits on the perfect reconciliation of these relationships.

Further, according to Austrian patent specification no. 295 579 known to increase track repair accuracy and to reduce track stress when aligning, to arrange two or more alignment units arranged at longitudinal pitch beyond each other on the same track repair machine, with each alignment unit being associated with a separate reference line which cooperate with a common , from the uncorrected track area to the corrected track area guided and desired track position defining a long reference line. With this machine, the track is leveled at two or more points, the leveling being carried out at each point of the track leveling in succession in several working stages. Despite the associated higher position accuracy of the track being processed, residual errors in the track position due to the leading of the long end of the long reference line over the still unrepaired track cannot be avoided.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a track repair machine of the type described at the outset which, while maintaining the well-known and often tried and tested basic alignment and / or leveling methods, provides a further increase in work accuracy and hence improved track position accuracy. hitherto unmanageable wave-like errors in track position, the wave length of which is 50 to 80 m and which, in particular on the high-speed track, is the cause of the turbulent running of the rail vehicle. In addition, the equipment required is to be simple and suitable for retrofitting existing track repair machines.

The object of the invention is solved and the above-mentioned deficiencies are eliminated by a mobile machine according to the invention, characterized in that it is provided with a measuring device for detecting residual errors in the repaired track area, which is equipped with at least one own measuring sensor and one own sensing element. connected either to the rear extension of the measuring reference system or attached to it or extending beyond its separate reference lines, as well as devices for detecting the position error of this additional sensing element with respect to the measuring reference system; and. for transmitting a correction value corresponding to a position error and additionally affecting the tool drives for correcting track position.

In accordance with the invention, the track repair machine constructed in the region of the machine is retained in the direction and size of the remaining residual error, if any, in the detected track error, and can be used to influence track repair tools in the anti-residual error direction. or against their tendencies. This can be done either by displaying the value of the repairs and by manually adding to the balancing and / or lifting actuators by the operator, or by directly storing and supplying the values ​​of the repairs to the equipment involved in the repair of the track. For this feedback of residual track position errors to the track position correction system of the machine, alternatives are described which are described in more detail below.

The decisive factor for minimizing residual track position errors according to the invention and for compensating long-track track position errors which has hitherto only been possible by special electronic signal processing by means of fixed point vehicles is not only the extension of the measuring base in the direction already repaired areas ко; This is associated with the arrangement of the metering device, but also with the correction value feedback characterizing the evolution of the residual error into the alignment and / or leveling system, which determines the final track position.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the measuring device or transmission device comprises a comparator for producing a correction value from the mean value of the positive and negative residual errors in the corrected track area detected by the measuring device on a predetermined track section.

According to this principle, the correction value obtained represents the mean deviation between the new track position and the unprocessed track position. By additionally acting on the track repair tools according to this correction value in the direction opposite to the sense of error, this mean deviation from the original track course disappears, so that the mean position of the processed track now corresponds to the mean position of the raw track. Accordingly, the new track position follows the general mean track progression prior to processing, but without being affected by errors in the original track position including long wave errors and periodically repeating track position errors. Based on this principle, the repaired track is therefore characterized by an extremely high positioning accuracy and the suppression of residual errors to a technically possible minimum.

According to a variant of the invention, the separate associated reference line of the measuring device is provided from its additional sensing member to the foremost, on the uncorrected track guided by the sensing member of the measuring reference system, one of the other measuring sensors of the measuring device is arranged at the rear end point of the measuring reference system for measuring the distance of this associated reference line from the reference line of the measuring reference system in the area of ​​track position correction tools.

This arrangement is particularly advantageous for retrofitting on a track repair machine, since its measurement reference system including its associated sensing elements and measuring sensors can be maintained unchanged, and the retrofitting is limited only to the arrangement of the additional sensing member between it and the foremost sensing member of the measuring reference system for generating additional reference lines and measuring sensors of the measuring device. The reference line of the measuring device provides an extended measuring base in comparison with the machine reference system, whereby the magnitude and dimensions of the remaining, possibly occurring, residual errors can be determined from the relationship between the position of the extended measuring base and the machine reference system.

According to an alternative variant of the invention, the measuring device is combined with a one-way measuring reference system whose measuring chord is arranged from the rearmost system on the repaired track guided receiving body to the additional reading body of the measuring device, arranged in the longitudinal region between the ends of the elongated chord, a measuring sensor capable of detecting the distance k chord is provided.

This combination of the measuring device with a conventional one-dimensional measuring reference system is distinguished by a particularly simple design and the fact that by adjusting all the measuring sensors on one and the same extended measuring base, identical conditions are obtained for each sensing element for measuring the measured values. increased measurement accuracy. Since exactly the same relationships as for measuring devices equipped with their own reference box are obtained for determining the residual track position error and for feedback of the correction values ​​obtained from the error values ​​to the alignment and / or leveling system of the machine, the alignment of the middle position of the track being processed with the mean course of the unprocessed track with extensive residual error suppression.

As mentioned above, alternative possibilities for additionally influencing the equalization and / or the leveling system are the correction values ​​obtained on the basis of residual errors. According to a variant of the invention, the correction value formed on the basis of the measuring device is intended, in particular, for automatic height adjustment and, if necessary, lateral adjustment of the forward end point of the measuring reference system to the forward sensor. on the uncorrected track.

On the basis of this principle, a directional correction of the measuring reference system determining the desired track progression takes place against the direction of the residual error of the track position, so that additionally influencing the track position correction tools or their drives is performed automatically. The front end point of the measuring reference system is expediently adjusted in a manner known per se by means of a remote-controlled, in particular an electromotive, drive.

A second variant of feedback of residual errors of track position to the leveling and / or leveling system of the machine according to the invention consists in that the correction value created on the basis of the measuring device is intended for height and, possibly or lateral correction of the zero point associated with track repair tools.

This arrangement is characterized in that it requires only a slight addition of electrical and / or electronic devices which:. are already available for controlling track position correction tools to achieve the desired feedback of track position residual errors to the track position correction system.

According to a further feature of the invention, for the repair efficiency of the track, it is particularly advantageous if the correction value generating device is provided with a filter for eliminating short-term fluctuations of residual errors in the corrected track area detected by the metering device.

21147

Said measure is to prevent undesirable interference with the - system - - for - - repair - rails with errors - - with - short wave - - - which - - - although the - - sensing - - - bodies - of the reference system are captured, - but - they - have - with - the geometry - the track, or-- the course of the track - by themselves - has nothing to do with it. These errors are calculated - in particular - by making short-groove grooves and by series. other - phenomena - -periodic- wear - on - surface - -heads - rails - both - rail - tracks - rails. -Use of -filters -in addition- - achieve - - -disturbation- of all electrical indicating, processing - and - -controlling - - current - - circuits, - involved in repairing - tracks, - because - - it is possible - to keep out - system - - - just these - short-wave oscillations - -S -.

The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawing.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of a leveling tamping machine. and a balancing machine according to the invention. - Giant. 2 is a schematic plan view of the alignment system of the retraction system of the machine for repairing the track position shown in FIG. 1. Fig. 3 shows schematically the measuring principle of the machine for position correction of the track. - with - a measuring device with its own reference. In FIG. The measuring principle of the machine according to FIG. 2. Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of a machine for correcting the track position, provided with a two-string directional reference system and a measuring device according to the invention. '. - Leveling - tamping and leveling - machine - 1: (fig. 1, has a frame 7 of a machine which is: mobile on the rail, formed of rails -4, 5- and sleepers 6, by means of two bogies. 3. The working direction of the machine 1 is shown by an arrow 8. In the front region of the machine frame 7, are the traction devices arranged? * 1. and the device. ' - front - energy supply - · - · as well as - i - traction - - drive: Up - acting - -on-front - chassis 2. ·^:

The machine 1 is provided with an aggregate -11- for the alignment -and- and - the elevation of the track - which is articulated - and - through the - - - hydraulic lifting - - drive -12- height - - as well as 1- via - - hydraulic. - compensating drive - 13 '- laterally' - ..- adjustable - connected to - machine frame 7. The front end of the aggregate -11 for the - - - alignment - and - the-lift-the-track-is further articulated to the - - console-14 - frame 7 of the machine. - - As- -.-Tools- - - -for. - Cutting - - Collectors are on the aggregate - 11 - For - Leveling - and - Lifting the track - - Arranged - - - For - - Each rail -4, - - 5 - - Two - Leveling - Discs - 15 s - Flange 'and · Four-lift-discs · 18, which are arranged to engage, like "roller collets" on the - outer and - inner side of the head of each "rail" 4, -5 in pairs - against each other . In addition, the machine - 1 is provided - for each rail - - 4, 5 with only one - schematically represented - - - ' ¹ 'tampers. The unit 18 is connected to the machine frame 7 by means of a height-drivable drive 17, which can be retracted and operated. On. the rear end of the machine frame 7 is an operator's cab 19, in which it is adapted to the track position correction tools, - the associated control device 20, and - the indicator bore 21, and the comparator 22, to which they are assigned. the measuring device 23 is described in more detail below.

The machine -1 is provided with a conventional leveling reference system 24, which has for each track 4, 5 a tensioned wire formed by a leveling reference line 25, the front or rear end of which is connected via one rod 26 to each other. the front sensing member 27 and the rear sensing member 28, which is guided on an uncorrected or repaired track. An additional track-guided sensor 29 is arranged between the track leveling and lifting unit 11 and the tamping unit 18. One measuring sensor 30 is connected to this sensing element 29 'for each rail 4, 5, which, via its fork arm 31 of the measuring sensor 30, cooperates in a known manner with the corresponding leveling reference line 25. - Measuring sensor 30 provided '- measured - value,' which indicates - height. the difference in track position in the region of the sensing member 29 relative to the leveling reference line 25 embodying the desired track plane is utilized to directly or indirectly control the hydraulic lift drive 12, which lifts the track to a prescribed nominal plane by means of lift discs 16. Aggregate 11 - for leveling and lifting the track.

In addition, the dispenser is provided with a measuring system 32 of the lateral alignment which, in accordance with the invention, is connected or combined with the aforementioned metering device 23 for retaining the residual residues. errors - track position. For previously known: In the embodiment of such side alignment systems, there is provided a single wire chord embodied by a measuring reference line 33 from the front pickup member 27, which in this embodiment is also assigned to the leveling reference system 24 and which is guided. on the uncorrected track, up to the sensing member 35, which - at a distance apart - behind the machine 1 - is guided on the repaired rail and - with the machine frame 7 is articulated - for example - via a chassis - to the drawbar 34 - as it is . is shown in solid line for the measurement reference line 33 in FIG.

1. The rear end of the measuring reference lines 33 of the known lateral alignment systems are rigidly connected to the sensing member 35 guided on the repaired track. The rear sensing member 28, which is closest to the rear end of the measuring reference line 33, is provided with a measuring sensor 38 whose forked arm 37 of the measuring sensor 36 cooperates with the measuring reference line 33. The measured value of the measuring sensor 36 corresponds to deflection - track - in the area of ​​the rear-sensing organ

29 94 7 nu 28 relative to the measuring reference line. 33. According to the known geometrical relationships between the track deflection and the chord sections of the points lying on the same circular block, the sensing elements 27, 28, 29, 35 embodied here, the desired track deflection is determined at the sensing element 29 associated with the track leveling and lifting unit 11. immediately from the measured rail deflection value provided by the measuring sensor 36, and from the ratio of the length distances of the front sensing member 29 to the sensing member 35. According to this · required deflection value. of the track in the region of the sensing member 29, the track is laterally aligned at this point by means of a hydraulic buffer. drive 13 and buffer discs 15 with flange. The alignment process is terminated as soon as the measured value of one of the measuring sensors 38 associated with the sensing member 29 matches the calculated track deflection target value.

Compared to these known lateral alignment systems, the following changes are made to the machine 1 provided with the adjustment of the metering device 23 according to the invention. An additional sensing member 39 is provided at a pitch beyond the sensing member 35, which is. It is guided on the repaired track and which is articulated to the machine frame 7 via a drawbar chassis 40. The rear end of the measuring reference line 33, extending over the sensor 35, is rigidly connected to this additional sensing member 39 as shown in dashed lines. On the sensing member · 35, instead of the fastening member for the measuring reference line 33, it is arranged with it. cooperating another measuring sensor 41.

In Fig. 2, the side alignment measuring reference system 32, which is combined with the metering device 23, is shown entirely schematically. The fully extended representation of the rails 4, 5 corresponds to the desired lateral nominal track run. The actual course of the track in both the uncorrected and corrected track areas corresponds to the dashed representation of both rails, with errors in the track direction being markedly exaggerated in terms of dimensions. As can be seen, the untreated track in the region of the front sensing member 27 differs by a from the desired lateral position of the track. In the region of the rail leveling and lifting unit 11, or in the region of the associated sensor 29, the lateral position of the rail corrected by the alignment disks 15 corresponds to the flange of the rail leveling and lifting unit 11 to a large extent with the desired rail position. The double arrows 42 show the lateral alignment forces with which the hydraulic alignment drive 13 can be applied to the rail by the alignment discs 15 with the flange. Since the front end of the measuring reference line 33 is guided on a not yet repaired track and the straightening system¹⁰ works on the principle. . reducing errors,. not complete. Original errors of track of value and. And producing a precise desired nominal run. . rails through the aggregate · 11 · for · straightening and lifting · rails possible. Therefore, they also arise in already corrected ones. track area residual position errors. Track corresponding to a lateral deviation of the additional sensing member 39 of dimension b relative to the desired nominal track run. The function of the measuring device 23 is. capture the size, sense of direction and tendency of further development of this residual error of track position of dimension. . . b. . and create a correction value that would. it was possible to use it for additional control of the hydraulic balancing drive. . 13 In the opposite sense of the action to where the further evolution of the residual error, as will be in. others still explained.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the lateral alignment system according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for explaining the theoretical foundations of the invention. The course of the college is. Shown here by a circular arc 43, which shows the rail esu. . . On . this point of arc · · · 43 · laid points · A to E ·. ·. they always represent the center of a total of five. sensing organs that are divided. and arranged on the machine for the repair of the rail in execution,. which corresponds to Fig. 1 and 2. This machine is provided with a conventional one. Lateral alignment measuring system 44, which. includes between the points B and E a modified measuring reference line 45, as well as two co-operatives, in points C · ·. and .D · arranged- · .measuring. Sensors 46, 47, whose measuring sensor · 47 · is · associated with · track straightening unit 48, which is represented by two. -?] ^: roti. ···Li · by pointing arrows._;· 'Through. The measuring sensors 46, 47 can be measured as already mentioned in connection with Fig. 1. bollard .. heights · Ϊ2 or f · to · measuring · lines ·. 45 v. points C or D.

In addition to this known lateral system. balancing them. the machine according to FIG. measuring device · 49 · according to. Of the invention, which in. in this case it has its own reference. 50, which. - passes from · point E, thus ·. · From the front. · End point measuring reference. .the straight. 45 ,. all the way to its rear end at point B. additional point A. shown. to the sensing authority. To the measurement. mechanism 49. ... · Yippee. assigned another own measuring sensor · .. 51, which is provided at the rear end point B. measuring line 45, and the transverse distance can be measured. f3 .. between the measuring reference line 45 and the reference line · 50 · in the area of ​​this point Β. In the ideal ideal case of perfect track position correction, that is, when the track position realized with the theoretical track position is fully matched, points A lie. to. Accurately on a circular arc 43 showing the axis of the track. for this. teo229947 retic - - ideal - '- case: have' deflections '- h - and fs fixed to one another,' - which 'is determined by their instantaneous · -1g,' b 'chords, which is independent of -' the radius of the circular arc, and is therefore valid for the line radius. · In practice, however - complete - The agreement of the realized 'track' 'position' with the nominal 'track position' - 'does not produce' - · -The remaining - - residual · · track position errors' - about - · -b value as described in the context of FIG. 2, - have a corresponding lateral offset of h and - and thus a corresponding displacement of the reference line '50.' Correspondingly, the deflection rate is similar to that shown by the arrows and the deviations due to the theoretical ratio of the two. With these deflections, the already mentioned correction value can be obtained for an additional influence on the rail 48 for adjusting to the residual error.

To generate this correction value, the 'measured values' are transmitted from the two measuring sensors 46 and 51 to the 'comparator', for example, by the comparator 22 of FIG. 1, which 'has a' computer; in which the adjustable or stored constant values ​​are fixed corresponding to the fixed design ratios; On the basis of these fixed values ​​and on the measured values ​​of the measuring sensors 46, 51 which were previously 'over'. filter - free from 'fluctuation' of measured values ​​· - caused -. By means of short waves, in the comparator, the mean value is generated from positive and negative negative residual errors of the track position on a predetermined section of the track, ^:The mean value can be further multiplied, if necessary, by a severity factor, as determined by practical experience and classifying the meaning of the residual error tendency; 'Thus in the comparative^;device - created correction value, which - Se. - purposefully-represents and possibly registers -. on the indicator device, for example on the indicator device 21, in accordance with FIG. 1, it can serve in a & quot; dual & quot; manner for additionally influencing the lateral alignment system or the alignment unit 48 & apos; college. One option is to laterally adjust the common front end point E in accordance with one of the two arrows 2 as this corresponds to the - evolution of the error, wherein - the required - additional correction intervention - into the - lateral alignment process is automatically adjusted by - adjusting - the aggregate 48 for the alignment of the rails with respect to a lateral alignment measuring retraction system 44, which is now correctly corrected directionally. The second possibility consists in the correction of the zero point of the electrical quantities of the control device, for example the control device 20 according to FIG.

The alignment system of the machine - 1 - according to - - fig.

and 2, which is' shown 'in' - FIG. '4,' and the basic - relations - 'for detecting - residual - position errors - of the track - and - for generating'. the correction-values ​​- - - as - - for the '- balancing' - system · - - according to Fig. 3. In contrast to this arrangement, the measuring sensors 41 and 36 of the sensing elements 35 and 28, respectively, arranged at locations B and C, respectively, determine the values ​​15 and 6, respectively, as deflection magnitude to the common, extended measuring reference lines 33 of the measuring reference. a side alignment system 32. The ratio of the two values ​​- deflection is - the theoretical ideal case - of the complete alignment of the realized track position with - the theoretical nominal position of the track - · - right-hand - fixed value - as in the balancing system of Figure 3. the generation of said correction value is - the measuring sensors 41, 36, as shown in FIG. ¹ connected to the comparator 22. The comparator 22 is connected to both the indicator device 21 and the control device 20, which is simultaneously connected to the hydraulic equalization drive 13 of the unit 11 for the alignment and lifting of the track by means of a guide. which is also indicated by dashed lines.

Giant. 5 illustrates schematically the application of the invention to a track repair machine, which is provided with - a conventional lateral alignment measuring system 53 with two chords, with only those bodies directly involved in track repair being shown for clarity. This side alignment measuring system 53 with two chords comprises four sensing members 54, 55, 56, 57 which are guided on the track, a long chord 58 that extends from in the direction of arrow 59 which illustrates the direction of 'work'. - a rearmost sensing member 54 guided on an uncorrected track to a rearmost system sensing member 57 which is guided on an already repaired track and a short reference chord 60, the front end of which is connected to the sensing member 55, associated with the track alignment unit 61, and the rear end of which is connected to the rear sensing member 57 of the side alignment measuring system 53 with two chords. This system further comprises a measuring sensor 62 which is arranged on the sensing member 56 and whose fork arm 63 of the measuring sensor 62 cooperates with a long chord 58. According to the known dual-chord method, the sensor 62 measures the amount of deflection in the area of ​​the sensing member 56 relative to the long reference chord 58, from which the nominal deflection amount in the area of ​​the same sensing member 56 is calculated based on known geometric relationships between the deflection sizes of two circular chord. in relation to the short reference chord 60 and then the track through the track alignment unit 61 including the sensing member 55 has been moved aside for so long, until the deflection amount in the area of ​​the sensing member 56 agrees with the calculated deflection value.

In accordance with the invention, the side alignment measuring system 53 with two chords of FIG.

2 The reference line 65, which extends in an overlapping arrangement with respect to the lateral alignment measuring system 53 with two chords from the sensing member 55 to the additional track on the repaired track downstream of the machine guided sensing member 66. The metering device 64 further comprises its own sensor. 67, which is arranged on the rear sensing member 57 of the measuring instrument. of the side alignment system 53 with two chords and by which the deflection amount of the sensing member 57 relative to the reference line 65 can be measured. In accordance with the ratios of the spacing of the sensing elements and the chord lengths of the two-chord side alignment reference system 53 and the measuring device 64, a clear geometric dependence is also created between the measured values ​​of the measuring sensors 62 and 67, again for the ideal ideal case of perfect track repair. the measured values ​​are in a fixed ratio to each other, predetermined by the dimensions of the machine. From-