Railroad maintenance machine for correcting track which can travel

© Start of patent duration: 1933 10 15 Longest possible duration:

© Issued: 1984 06 12 (72) Inventor:

© dependence:

© Pamphlets considered to delineate the prior art:

OE-AS 1244824

Nr.374849

The invention relates to a mobile track correction machine, in particular leveling and straightening machine, with at least one guided with Tastorganen on the track measuring reference system, assigned to detect three arrowheads in addition to the arranged in the track correction tools and the corrected track area two Tastorganen another feeler with its own sensor is and with the track correction tools according to the Meß-reference system operable control device.

There are already numerous embodiments of track correction machines with devices for side and / or height alignment of a track after a machine, the track track scanning Reach and or or level measurement reference system known. In all these machines, in which the front end point of the respective, the target track position determining Meß-reference system on uncorrected track and the rear end of the reference system is performed on the already corrected track, the correction of the track position according to the so-called error reduction principle. The originally existing track position errors are reduced in one, depending on the design and arrangement of the jweiligen measurement reference system and the assignment of the track correction tools to this different ratio.

There have already become known, according to the patentee's AT-PS Nos. 289176, 227499 and 288031, various basic methods for aligning tracks according to the error reduction principle, in which the reference system determining the track reference of a , two or more, with tactile organs guided on the track, for example, by tension wires embodied reference chords is formed. The determination of the existing track position errors and the control of the track correction tools is carried out by sensors which measure the arrowhead to a reference line or the distance or angle between two associated reference chords, at least in the area of ​​that Tast organ, whose relative position to the reference system, the required Rieht- or .Lift measurement of track correction tools intended. All of these known methods have proven themselves in practice in their simplicity, reliability and the possible favorable error reduction ratio in practice. Considering the ever-increasing requirements with regard to the accuracy of the track position, with increasing permissible line speeds, it was early on apparent the desire to make the error reduction ratio even more favorable in order to further reduce the unavoidable residual errors of the corrected track position.

Thus, according to AT-PS Nr.294890 - a device for correcting the lateral direction of a track has become known, in which the track correction tools associated and guided with its rear end on the already corrected track reference line with its front end with a in the course, preferably approximately in the Center is connected to a point located in front of her, upstream reference point. As a result of this arrangement, the deviation of the reference chord associated with the track correction tool by the front guide of the measuring reference system on the still faulty, uncorrected track is reduced from the position corresponding to the track target course, and the accuracy of the track correction is correspondingly increased. In this reference system, the length dimensions of the two reference chords, the choice of their junction and the position of the rear end point of the front reference chord with respect to the track correction point for the judging success and the achievable degree of error reduction is crucial. The corresponding coordination of these relationships are naturally limited by the basic construction of such track correction machines.

Finally, according to DE-AS 1244824 a track correction machine of the type described above is known whose side straightening system in addition to the usual, in the track correction tools and behind this already corrected track area arranged two sensing organs still has an additional tactile organ, which before the track correction tools in the uncorrected Track area is arranged. By means of a mean value formation from the heights of the arrows of this additional feeler and the feeler arranged behind the track correction tools, the desired arrow height required in the area of ​​the track correction tools should be more accurately determined relative to the reference line of the straightening system. However, this is only possible if the still untreated track has no coarser, especially long-wave directional errors, because the existing in the region of the additional feeler track position error half of its amount

Nr.374849 in the setpoint height value determined for the reference point. With the known straightening system, it is also not possible to detect remaining or emerging track position residual errors in terms of direction and size. It is therefore not guaranteed under favorable conditions that the middle position of the processed track matches that of the still uncorrected track. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that in order to maintain the necessary for the averaging geometric positional relationships of the Tastorgane each other in transition sheets, the rear feeler organ must be adjusted in the direction of the track axis. This results in both a constructive and user-related additional effort.

The invention is an object of the invention to provide a track correction machine of the type described above, which also give the previously barely controllable long-wave track error in wavelength ranges between about 50 and 80 m, which give rise particularly to high-speed lines to a troubled run of track vehicles, successfully correct can. However, the basic principles of the well-proven, known leveling and straightening systems should be retained. Furthermore, the necessary facilities for retrofitting to existing track correction machines should be suitable.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the additional sensing element and the sensor associated therewith are formed as a reticle guided on the corrected track for detecting remaining track position residual errors or are arranged, which correspond either with the rear extended portion of the measuring reference system or with its own or this cross-subordinate own reference line and with means for determining the position error of this additional sensing element relative to the measuring reference system and for transmitting - the positional errors corresponding Drives of the track correction tools additionally influenceable - correction value is connected.

With such equipped, track corrector according to the invention remaining or emerging track position residual error direction and size already detected in the machine area and safely used to a, the residual errors or their tendency to develop contrary influence of the track correction tools. This can be done either by displaying the correction value and manual additional actuation of the direction and / or or lifting drives by the operator or by directly entering the correction value to the institutions involved in the track correction. For this feedback of the track position residual error values ​​to the track correction system of the machine, there are alternative possibilities, which will be described in more detail below.

Decisive for the achievable by the invention reduction of track-residual error to a minimum and for the compensation of long-wave track position errors, which could previously be determined only by special electronic treatment of the measurement signals from track-mounted vehicles or by measurements based on benchmarks, is not alone with the arrangement the extension of the measuring base connected to the Nachmeßeinrichtung in the direction of the already corrected track area, but just the feedback of a characteristic of the residual error development correction value to the final track position determining Rieht- and / or leveling system.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Nachmeß- or the transmission device comprises means for forming the correction value from the average of the determined by the Nachmeßeinrichtung over a predetermined distance positive and negative track position residual error. A correction value obtained according to this principle represents the average deviation between the new track position and that of the still unprocessed track. By the additional operation of the track correction tools after this correction value in the direction of the error in the opposite direction, this average deviation from the original track course is brought to disappear, so that now the middle position of the processed track coincides with the average position of the unprocessed track. Accordingly, the new track track follows the general mean track layout prior to machining, but without being prone to the errors of the original track track, including the long-wave, periodic track position errors. A track corrected according to this principle is therefore characterized by exceptional positional accuracy and suppression of residual errors to a technically possible minimum.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the own subordinate extends

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- 4 reference line of the Nachmeßeinrichtung of their additional tactile organ to the guided on the uncorrected track frontmost feeler of the measuring reference system, wherein - to measure the distance of this subordinate reference line to the reference line of the measuring reference system - in the field of track correction tools - and straightening reference systems also at the rear end of the measuring reference system - each one of the other sensor of the Nachmeßeinrichtung is arranged. This arrangement is particularly suitable for the subsequent equipment of a track correction machine, since the measuring reference system including its associated sensing organs and probe can be maintained unchanged and the additional equipment to the arrangement of only the additional tactile organ, between this and the foremost feeler of the measuring Reference system to be established further reference line and sensor of the Nachmeßeinrichtung limited. The reference line of the Nachmeßeinrichtung offers a relation to the measuring reference system of the machine extended measuring base from whose positional relationship to the measuring reference system size and extent of the remaining or emerging in the residual errors can be determined.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the Nachmeßeinrichtung is combined with a chord-measuring reference system whose reference chord extends beyond the system's rearmost guided on the corrected track feeler out to the additional sensing element of the Nachmeßeinrichtung, wherein at each of the longitudinal region between the ends of the extended tendon arranged sensing element is arranged a distance to the tendon detectable sensor. This combination of the Nachmeßeinrichtung with a conventional chord-measuring reference frame is characterized by its particularly simple structure and the fact that given by the reference of all sensors on one and the same, common extended measuring reference base on each Tastorgan matching conditions for the decrease in measured value are, whereby an increased precision measurement is guaranteed. Since for the detection of the track position residual errors and the feedback of the correction value obtained from the error values ​​to the direction and or leveling system of the machine just apply the same relationships as for a self-referenced equipped with a Nachmeßeinrichtung, even in this simple embodiment of the invention, the desired consistency of the middle position of the processed track with the mean course of the unprocessed track is achieved with substantial suppression of residual errors.

As already mentioned above, there are alternative possibilities for the additional influencing of the direction and / or leveling system by the correction value obtained on the basis of the residual error values. According to one of these variants of the invention, the correction value formed on the basis of the remeasurement device is in particular automatic, height and / or or lateral adjustment of the front end point of the measuring reference system to the front end carrying this endpoint, guided on the uncorrected track sensing element provided. According to this principle, therefore, a direction correction of the reference course of the track determining measuring reference system against the sense of direction of the track position residual error, so that the additional influence of the track correction tools or their drives automatically sets by reference to the now directionally corrected measuring reference system. Appropriately, the adjustment of the front end point of the measuring reference system is carried out automatically and in a known manner by a remote-controlled, in particular electromotive drive.

The second variant according to the invention of the feedback of the track position residual error values ​​to the sighting and / or leveling system of the machine is that the correction value formed on the basis of the readjustment device for height and / or lateral zero point correction of the electrical adjustment variables assigned to the track correction tools the control device is provided. This arrangement is characterized by the fact that there is only a minor addition to the already existing for the operation of the track correction tools electrical or electronic devices needed to achieve the desired feedback of the track position residual error values ​​to the track correction system.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is particularly advantageous for the effectiveness of the track correction if the device for forming the correction value has filters for eliminating short-wave fluctuations in the track-position residual error values ​​determined by the read-back device. This prevents unwanted influence on the track correction system

Nr.374849

- 5 short-wave faults, which are indeed detected by the tactile organs of the reference system, but have nothing to do with the track geometry or the track itself. These errors include in particular short-wave ripples and other periodic wear and tear on the rail head surfaces of both rail tracks of the track. The filters also provide reassurance for all electrical display, processing, and control circuits involved in the track correction by eliminating shortwave oscillations from these systems.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the drawings. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the directional reference system of the track correction machine according to FIG. 1, FIG own reference line equipped track correction machine according to the invention, 4 shows a likewise schematic illustration of the measuring principle of the machine according to FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 5 shows a schematic top view of a track-correcting machine equipped with a two-level straightening reference system and a post-measuring device according to the invention.

The track tipping straightening leveling machine -1 illustrated in FIG. 1 has a machine frame -7- which can be moved with two bogie running gears -2, 3- on the track consisting of rails -4, 5- and sleepers 6. The working direction of the machine -1- is illustrated by the arrow -8-. In the front area of ​​the machine frame -7- the drive and power supply devices -9- as well as on the front suspension -2- effective traction drive -10- of the machine are arranged.

The machine is equipped with a track straightening and lifting unit -11-, which is height-adjustable with the machine frame -7- by means of a hydraulic lifting drive -12- and by means of a hydraulic straightening drive -13- adjustable on the side, each hinged. The front end of the track straightening and lifting unit -11- is further articulated to a bracket -14- of the machine frame -7-. As track correction tools are on track leveling and lifting unit -11- each rail -4, 5- two wheel flange straightening rollers -15- and four lifting rollers -16- arranged, which for rollenzangenartigen attack on the outside and inside of the rail head with respect to the rail -4 or arranged in pairs opposite one another. The machine -1- is further each rail with a, purely schematically illustrated and with the machine frame -7- via a hydraulic height adjustment drive -17- raised tamping unit -18- equipped. At the rear end of the machine frame -7_:- There is an operator's cab -19-, which contains a, the track correction tools associated control device -20- and a display device -21- and a comparator -22-, which latter are assigned to a later described in more detail Nachmeßeinrichtung -23-.

The machine -1- has a conventional level reference system -24-, which per rail -4, 5 - formed by a tension wire level reference line -25-, whose front and rear end respectively via a rod -26- with a guided on the uncorrected or corrected track feeler -27 or 28- is connected. Another, guided on the track feeler -29- is arranged between the track straightening and lifting unit -11- and the tamping unit -18-. With this feeler -29- each rail a sensor -30- is connected, which cooperates by means of its fork-shaped feeler arm -31- in a known manner with the relevant leveling reference line -25-. The measured value supplied by the sensor -30-, which indicates the height difference of the track position in the region of the feeler -29- to the reference track level embodying the level reference line -25-, is used for medium or immediate use of the lifting drive -12- raised, which raises the track by means of the lifting rollers -16- of the leveling and lifting unit -11- up to the intended target level.

The machine -1- is further equipped with a lateral direction measuring reference system -32-, which according to the invention with the aforementioned Nachmeßeinrichtung -23- to

Detection remaining track position residual error is connected or combined. In the previously known embodiments of such side straightening systems, the measuring reference straight-33- embodied by a single wire tendon extends from that, in the case of the exemplary embodiment as well

Nr.374849 the level-reference system -24- associated, guided on the uncorrected track leading feeler -27- up to one, in the longitudinal distance behind the machine -1- on the corrected track out and about a tiller frame -34- with the machine frame -7 - articulated connected feeler -35-, according to the fully extended representation of the measurement reference line -33- in Fig.l. The rear end of the measuring reference line -33- is connected in the known side straightening systems with the guided on the corrected track feeler -35- fix. The nearest to the rear end of the reference line -33- sensing element -28- is provided with a sensor -36-, the fork-shaped Fühlerarm -37- with the reference line -33- acts together. The measured value of the sensor -36- corresponds to the arrow height of the track in the region of the feeler -28- with respect to the reference line -33-. According to the known geometrical relationships between the heights of the arrows and the tendon sections of points located on the same circular arc, represented here by the tactile organs -27, 28, 29, 35-, the nominal arrow height of the track-laying and lifting unit -11- results Tast organ -29- directly from the supplied by the sensor -36- arrow height reading and the ratio of the longitudinal distances of the Tastorgane -28, 29- of the feeler -35-. After this setpoint height in the area of ​​the feeler -29- the track is aligned at this point by means of the straightening drive -13- and the wheel flange straightening rollers -15- to the side. The straightening process is terminated as soon as the measured value of a measuring sensor -38- connected to the feeler -29- agrees with the calculated desired height of the arrow.

Compared to this known side straightening system results from the inventive equipment of the machine -1- with a Nachmeßeinrichtung -23- following changes: At a distance behind the Tastorgan -35- an additional, guided on the corrected track feeler -39- is arranged, which with the machine frame Is connected via a drawbar frame -40- hinged. With this additional feeler -39- is the rear end of, via the feeler -35- according to the dashed line extended Meß-Bezugs straight -33- fixed. On the feeler -35- is arranged in place of a fixing member for the measuring reference line -33- with this cooperating, further sensor -41-.

In FIG. 2, the lateral straightening measurement reference system -32- combined with the read-back device -23- is shown purely schematically. The fully extended representation of the rails -4, 5- of the track corresponds to the desired lateral course of the track. The actual course of the track in the uncorrected as well as in the corrected track area corresponds to the dashed representation of the two rails, the directional errors of the track being greatly exaggerated in scale for better understanding. As can be seen, deviates the still uncorrected track in the region of the feeler -27- by the amount a from the lateral target track position. In the area of ​​the track straightening and lifting unit -11- or of this associated feeler -29- agrees with the help of straightening rollers -15- of the track leveling and lifting unit -11- corrected lateral position of the track largely consistent with the desired track position. The double arrows -42- illustrate the side straightening forces that can be applied to the track by the straightening drive -13- via the straightening rollers -15-. Since the front end of the measuring reference line -33- is guided on the still uncorrected track and the straightening system works on the error reduction principle, is a complete compensation of the original track error a and accurate production of the desired target track course by means of the track straightening and lifting unit - 11- not possible. Therefore, even in the already corrected track area track track residual errors occur, which corresponds to a lateral deviation of the additional feeler -39- in the amount b compared to the desired track course. The task of the Nachmeßeinrichtung -23- is to detect size, direction and development tendency of this track position residual error b and to form a correction value, which for additional actuation or Control of the directional drive -13- in one, the residual error development opposite sense of action is zoomed in, as explained in more detail below.

In Figure 3 is purely schematically another embodiment of a side pointing system according to the invention is shown, which is particularly useful for explaining the theoretical principles of the invention. The track layout is characterized herein by a track axis indicative of the KreisNr.374849

- 7 arc -43- illustrated. The points A to E located on this arc each mark the center of a total of five Tastorganen in a, the Fig.l and 2 corresponding or similar distribution and arrangement on a track correction machine. The latter is equipped with a conventional side-pointing measuring reference system 44, which has a measuring reference line 45 extending between points B and E, and two probes 46 and 47 cooperating therewith and arranged in the pins C and D. of which the latter is assigned to the machine illustrated by the two opposing arrows -48- of the machine, by means of the sensor -46 or 47- are, as already explained in connection with Fig.l, the arrow heights f₂ or f_x for measuring reference line -45- in the points C and D measurable.

In addition to this known straightening system, the machine according to Figure 3 is equipped with a Nachmeßeinrichtung invention -49-, which in this case has its own reference line -50-, which from the point E, ie the front end point of the measuring reference line -45- until beyond its rear end located at point B, extends to the additional tactile element symbolized by the point A. The Nachmeßeinrichtung -49- is assigned to another own sensor -51-, which is located at the rear end point B of the measurement reference line -45- and with the transverse distance f₃ between the reference lines -45 and 50- in the region of this point B is measurable. In the theoretical ideal case of a perfect track correction, ie a complete agreement of the realized track position with the theoretical target track position, the points A to C lie exactly on the track axis embodying arc -43- and for this theoretical ideal case are the arrow heights f₂ and f₂ in one, through their respective tendon sections 1₂, 1₃ certain, independent of the radius of the arc -43- and therefore for the straight line with the radius »valid relation to each other. In practice, this match the realized track position with the desired track position is not given. Remaining track position residual errors b, as described in connection with Figure 2, have a corresponding lateral displacement of the point A and thus a corresponding displacement of the reference line -50- result. Accordingly, the ratio of the arrow heights f changes₃ and f₂ to each other and from this deviation from the theoretical ratio of these two arrowheads the already mentioned correction value for the additional, the residual error development contrary influence of the track leveling unit -49- can be obtained.

To form this correction value, the measured values ​​of the two sensors -46 and 51- are transmitted to a comparison device -for example -22- according to FIG. 1, which comprises a computer on which the constant fixed values ​​corresponding to the fixed constructional length ratios can be set or stored , On the basis of these fixed values ​​and the measured values ​​of the sensors -46 and 51- which have previously been freed from short-wave fluctuations in the measured value, a mean value of the positive and negative track position residual errors is formed over a predetermined distance in the comparison device, this mean value optionally also being can be multiplied based on practical experience weight factor, which classifies the importance of each residual error tendency. The correction value thus formed in the comparison device, which is expediently made visible on a display device-for example, -21- according to FIG. 1 and optionally also registered, can be used in two different ways to additionally influence the side straightening system or The one possibility is a faulty development contrary lateral adjustment of the common front end point E corresponding to one of the two arrows -52-, with the desired additional corrective intervention in the side straightening automatically by the reference of the track leveling unit -48 - adjusts to the now directionally corrected page-sight-measuring reference frame -44-. The other possibility consists in a zero point correction of the electrical adjustment variables of the control device which are relevant for the side straightening process - eg -20- according to FIG.

For the also shown purely schematically in Figure 4 straightening system of the machine according to

Fig.l and 2 apply mutatis mutandis the same basic relationships for the determination of the track position residual error and the formation of the correction value as for the straightening system of Figure 3. To the

Difference of the latter are here by the sensors -41 and 36- at the points -B and C -

No.374849 arranged Tastorgane -35 or 28- the values ​​f₃ or f₂ as the arrowheads to the common, extended measurement reference line -33- of the lateral straightening measurement reference system -32-. The ratio of the two arrow height values ​​to each other is for the theoretical ideal case of complete agreement of the realized track position with the theoretical target track position as fixed size as in the straightening system according to Figure 3. To form the said correction value, the sensors -41 and 36-, as indicated in Fig.l by dashed lines, connected to the comparator -22-. To the Vergleiehseinrichtung -22- both the display device -21- as well as the control device -20- are connected, the latter of which is connected to the straightening drive -13- of the track straightening and lifting unit -11- via a line likewise indicated by dashed lines ,

Fig. 5 shows diagrammatically the application of the invention to a track correction machine equipped with a conventional double-sided side-facing measuring reference system, of which only the organs directly involved in the track correction are shown for reasons of clarity. This reference system comprises four track-guided feelers -54 to 57-, a long reference chord -58- extending from the sensing device -54- to the frontmost direction indicated by arrow -59- on the uncorrected track extends to the already-corrected track, the rearmost native feeler -57-, and a short reference chord -60-, whose front end with the, the track-alignment unit -61- of the machine-associated feeler -55- and the rear end of which is connected to the rear feeler -57- of the reference frame -53-. To the reference system further includes a sensor -62-, which is arranged on the feeler -56- and the fork-shaped sensor arm -63- with the long reference chord -58- cooperates. According to the known two-step method, the arrow-height in the area of ​​the touch organ -56- to the long reference -5-- is measured by the sensor -62-, from this, on the basis of the known geometrical relationships between the heights of the two long sinews of a circular arc, the target arrow height in the region of the same tactile organ -56- with respect to the short reference suture -60- and then the track by means of the track straightening aggregate -61- together with the sensing element As long as the page is postponed until the arrow height in the area of ​​the feeler -56- coincides with the calculated height of the arrow.

According to the invention, the machine of Figure 5 is associated with the double-sizing reference system -53- with a read-out device -64- which has its own reference line -65- which, in an overarching relationship with the measuring reference system -53- of the machine extends from the feeler -55- up to an additional, guided on the corrected track behind the machine feeler -66-. The Nachmeßeinrichtung -64- further includes its own sensor -67-, which is arranged on the rear feeler -57- of Meß- Referenzssystems -53- and with which the arrowhead of this Tastorgans -57- to the reference line -65- is measurable. Corresponding to the distance ratios of the feeler organs and the chord lengths of the measuring reference system -53- and the Nachmeßeinrichtung -64- there is also a clear geometric relationship between the measurements of the sensors -62 and 67-, which - again for the theoretical ideal case of a perfect track correction - are in a predetermined by the machine dimensions fixed relationship to each other. The deviations from this fixed measured value ratio, which in practice arise due to remaining track position residual errors, are formed in a manner analogous to the systems already described, the correction value for the additional influencing of the track leveling unit -61-.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments and applications of side straightening systems, but rather can be found in analogous modification with the same advantages on leveling systems of track correction machines for reducing height-wise track position residual errors application. The invention is also not bound to material reference systems, but also to track correction machines with optical directions and or or leveling systems applicable, wherein instead of mechanical-electrical sensor on the respective system responsive, photosensitive probes occur.

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