Fungicidal heterocyclic aromatic amides and their compositions, methods of use and preparation
Abstract
The heterocyclic aromatic amides of formula (I) whose hydroxyl group is adjacent to the amide functionality can be used as fungicides for plants, in particular, wherein (a) represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring, wherein (i) each X1-X4Independently is O, S, NR', N, CR" or a key; (ii) X1-X4At most one is O, S or NR'; (iii) X1-X4At most one is a key; (iv) If any X1-X4One is S, O or NR', then the adjacent X1-X4One must represent a key and (v)X1-X4At least one must be O, S, NR' or N.

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Expired 20 July 2020, 6.2 years ago.
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21 claims: 1 independent, 20 dependent
- 1式I的杂环芳族酰胺:式I其中:a) 代表6-元杂环芳族环,其中(i)每个X1-X4独立地是N或CR”;和(ii)X1-X4至少有一个必须是N;其中R”独立地是H、卤素、氰基、羟基、C1-C3烷基、C1-C3卤代烷基、环丙基、C1-C3烷氧基、C1-C3卤代烷氧基、C1-C3烷硫基、芳基、C1-C3NHC(O)烷基、NHC(O)H、C1-C3卤代烷硫基、C2-C4烯基、C2-C4卤代烯基、C2-C4炔基、C2-C4卤代炔基或硝基,其中相邻的R”取代基可以构成一个环;b)Z是O、S或NORZ,其中RZ是H或C1-C3烷基;和c)A代表(i)C2-C14烯基或C2-C14炔基,所有它们都可以是支链或直链的、未取代的或者被卤素、羟基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、芳基、杂芳基、杂芳硫基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6酰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代,(ii)C3-C14环烷基,含有0-3个杂原子和0-2个不饱和度,被卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代,(iii)C6-C14二或三环系统,含有0-3个杂原子和0-2个不饱和度,可以是未取代的或者被卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代,(iv)芳基或杂芳基,它可以是未取代的或者被硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6OC(O)烷基、OC(O)芳基、C3-C6OC(O)环烷基、C1-C6NHC(O)烷基、C3-C6NHC(O)环烷基、NHC(O)芳基、NHC(O)杂芳基、C3-C6环烷硫基、C3-C6环烷基磺酰基、C3-C6环烷基亚磺酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、杂芳硫基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、芳硫基、芳基亚磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、C(O)RY、C(NORX)RY取代,其中任何含有烷基或环烷基的取代基都可以被一个或多个卤素取代,其中任何含有芳基或杂芳基的取代基也都可以是未取代的或者被卤素、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代,其中RY和RX独立地是H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C3-C6环烷基、芳基或杂芳基,和(v) 其中*=连接点其中Q1、Q2是O或S;W是O、CH2、CHR6或一条键;R1是C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基、C2-C8炔基、C3-C8环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;R2是H、C1-C3烷基、C2-C5烯基或C2-C5炔基;R3是H、R1、OR1、OC(O)R1、OC(O)OR1或OC(O)NR1R6;R4和R5独立地是H、C1-C6烷基或C2-C6烯基,条件是R4加R5的碳数之和是六或以下,进一步的条件是R4和R5可以连接成为一个C3-C6环;R6和R7独立地是H、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C5烯基或C2-C5炔基,条件是R6和R7至少有一个是H;其中,芳基指的是取代或未取代的苯基或萘基;芳酰基指的是芳基-C(O)-基团;芳氧基指的是芳基-O-基团;芳硫基指的是芳基-S-基团;芳氧羰基指的是芳基-OC(O)-基团;芳基磺酰基指的是芳基-S(O)2-基团;芳基亚磺酰基指的是芳基-S(O)-基团;杂芳基指的是取代或未取代的含有一个或多个杂原子的5或6元芳族环;杂芳氧基指的是杂芳基-O-基团;杂芳硫基指的是杂芳基-S-基团;杂芳氧羰基指的是杂芳基-OC(O)-基团;杂芳基磺酰基指的是杂芳基-S(O)2-基团;杂芳基亚磺酰基指的是在芳基-S(O)-基团;上述芳基或杂芳基的取代基取代基选自硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6OC(O)烷基、OC(O)芳基、C3-C6OC(O)环烷基、C1-C6NHC(O)烷基、C3-C6NHC(O)环烷基、NHC(O)芳基、NHC(O)杂芳基、C3-C6环烷硫基、C3-C6环烷基磺酰基、C3-C6环烷基亚磺酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、杂芳硫基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、芳硫基、芳基亚磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、C(O)RY、C(NORX)RY,其中RY和RX独立地是H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C3-C6环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;二或三环系统指的是含有0-3个杂原子和0-2个不饱和度的C6-C14脂族环系;杂原子指的是O、S和N;条件是若 是 其中R”是H或OCH3,则R1不是C1-C8烷基或C2-C8烯基。
- 2权利要求1的化合物,其中是吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、吡咯、吡唑、咪唑、呋喃、噻吩、噁唑、异噁唑、噻唑、噻二唑或异噻唑。
- 3权利要求2的化合物,其中是吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、吡唑、噁唑、异噻唑或噻唑。
- 4权利要求1的化合物,其中A是C2-C14烯基或C2-C14炔基,所有它们都可以是支链或直链的、未取代的或者被卤素、羟基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、芳基、杂芳基、杂芳硫基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6酰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代。
- 5权利要求1的化合物,其中A是C3-C14环烷基,含有0-3个杂原子和0-2个不饱和度,被卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代。
- 6权利要求1的化合物,其中A是C6-C14二或三环系统,含有0-3个杂原子和0-2个不饱和度,可以是未取代的或者被卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代。
- 7权利要求1的化合物,其中A是芳基或杂芳基,它可以是未取代的或者被硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6OC(O)烷基、OC(O)芳基、C3-C6OC(O)环烷基、C1-C6NHC(O)烷基、C3-C6NHC(O)环烷基、NHC(O)芳基、NHC(O)杂芳基、C3-C6环烷硫基、C3-C6环烷基磺酰基、C3-C6环烷基亚磺酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、杂芳硫基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、芳硫基、芳基亚磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、C(O)RY、C(NORX)RY取代,其中任何含有烷基或环烷基的取代基都可以被一个或多个卤素取代,其中任何含有芳基或杂芳基的取代基也都可以是未取代的或者被卤素、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代,其中RY和RX独立地是H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C3-C6环烷基、芳基或杂芳基。
- 8权利要求1的化合物,其中A是其中*=连接点其中Q1、Q2是O或S;W是O、CH2、CHR6或一条键;R1是C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基、C2-C8炔基、C3-C8环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;R2是H、C1-C3烷基、C2-C5烯基或C2-C5炔基;R3是H、R1、OR1、OC(O)R1、OC(O)OR1或OC(O)NR1R6;R4和R5独立地是H、C1-C6烷基或C2-C6烯基,条件是R4加R5的碳数之和是六或以下,进一步的条件是R4和R5可以连接成为一个C3-C6环;R6和R7独立地是H、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C5烯基或C2-C5炔基,条件是R6和R7至少有一个是H;条件是若 是 其中R”是H或OCH3,则R1不是C1-C8烷基或C2-C8烯基。
- 9权利要求1的化合物,其中Z是O。
- 10权利要求1的化合物,其中X1是N,X2和X3是CH,X4是CH、COMe、CMe、CCl、COEt或CSMe。
- 11权利要求10的化合物,其中Z是O,A是C2-C14烯基或C2-C14炔基,所有它们都可以是支链或直链的、未取代的或者被卤素、羟基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、芳基、杂芳基、杂芳硫基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6酰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基或C1-C6卤代烷氧基取代。
- 12权利要求10的化合物,其中Z是O,A是C3-C14环烷基,含有0-3个杂原子和0-2个不饱和度,被卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代。
- 13权利要求10的化合物,其中Z是O,A是C6-C14二或三环系统,含有0-3个杂原子和0-2个不饱和度,可以是未取代的或者被卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C8酰氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代。
- 14权利要求10的化合物,其中Z是O,A是芳基或杂芳基,它可以是未取代的或者被硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、芳氧羰基、杂芳氧羰基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基、C1-C6OC(O)烷基、OC(O)芳基、C3-C6OC(O)环烷基、C1-C6NHC(O)烷基、C3-C6NHC(O)环烷基、NHC(O)芳基、NHC(O)杂芳基、C3-C6环烷硫基、C3-C6环烷基磺酰基、C3-C6环烷基亚磺酰基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、杂芳硫基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、芳硫基、芳基亚磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、C(O)RY、C(NORX)RY取代,其中任何含有烷基或环烷基的取代基都可以被一个或多个卤素取代,其中任何含有芳基或杂芳基的取代基也都可以是未取代的或者被卤素、氰基、硝基、芳酰基、芳氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C6酰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基或C1-C6酰氨基取代,该酰氨基是未取代的或者被一个或两个C1-C6烷基取代,其中RY和RX独立地是H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C3-C6环烷基、芳基或杂芳基。
- 15权利要求10的化合物,其中Z是O,A是其中*=连接点其中Q1、Q2是O或S;W是O、CH2、CHR6或一条键;R1是C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基、C2-C8炔基、C3-C8环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;R2是H、C1-C3烷基、C2-C5烯基或C2-C5炔基;R3是H、R1、OR1、OC(O)R1、OC(O)OR1或OC(O)NR1R6;R4和R5独立地是H、C1-C6烷基或C2-C6烯基,条件是R4加R5的碳数之和是六或以下,进一步的条件是R4和R5可以连接成为一个C3-C6环;R6和R7独立地是H、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C5烯基或C2-C5炔基,条件是R6和R7至少有一个是H;条件是若 是 其中R”是H或OCH3,则R1不是C1-C8烷基或C2-C8烯基。
- 16权利要求1的化合物,其中X1是N,X2是CR”,X3是N,X4是CR”。
- 17权利要求1的化合物,其中X1是N,X2是CR”,X3是CR”,X4是N。
- 18权利要求1的化合物,其中X1是N,X2是N,X3是CR”,X4是CR”。
- 19权利要求1的化合物,其中X1是CR”,X2是CR”,X3是N,X4是CR”。
- 20杀真菌组合物,包含权利要求1的化合物作为活性成分,和植物学上可接受的载体。
- 21权利要求1化合物在制备用于控制或预防真菌感染的药物中的用途。
Independent claims21
319 paragraphs, as filed
Fungicidal heterocyclic aromatic amides and their compositions, methods of use and preparation
Priority The basis of priority claimed in this application is the provisional application 60/144,676 filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on July 20, 1999, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of fungicidal compositions and methods. More specifically, the present invention relates to novel fungicidal heterocyclic aromatic amides and methods for applying fungicidally effective amounts of the compound to the locus of plant pathogens. The present invention also relates to methods that can be used to prepare heterocyclic aromatic amides and their fungicidal compositions.
Description of the prior art Various antifungal compositions and methods are well known in the art. For example, antimycin has been identified as a naturally occurring substance produced by Streptomyces, with antibiotic properties (Barrow, CJ et al. "Journal of Antibiotics" 1997, 50(9), 729). These substances have also been found to be effective fungicides ("Merck Index" 12th edition, S. Budavari, Ed., Merck and Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 1996, p. 120). WO 97/08135 describes that acylaminosalicylic acid amides are useful insecticides. EP-AO-661269 discloses that substituted heterocyclic carboxylic acid amides are useful medical drugs. JP-A-7-233165 discloses an antifungal dilactone having a 3-hydroxypyridine carboxyl group, which has an antifungal effect. The isobutyryl, methylcrotonyl, isovaleryl and 2-methylbutyryl derivatives of these latter compounds are further described in the following references: "Tetrahedron" 1998, 54, 12745-12774; "Journal of Antibiotics" "1997, 50(7), 551; "Journal of Antibiotics" 1996, 49(7), 639; "Journal of Antibiotics" 1996, 49(12), 1226; and "Tetrahedron Letters" 1998, 39, 4363-4366.
However, there is still a need for novel fungicides. The present invention provides such fungicides, which have high residual effects, are more active at lower application rates, have therapeutic activity, and have a broader efficacy spectrum.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To briefly describe one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compound of formula I comprising a heterocyclic aromatic amide (HAA):Formula I where X1-X4, Z and A are defined below. The present invention also covers their hydrates, salts and complexes.
The present invention also provides a fungicidal composition comprising a combination of HAA and a botanically acceptable carrier and/or diluent. The use of heterocyclic aromatic amide compounds and compositions is also disclosed.
The object of the present invention is to provide HAA and its composition, which are effective antifungal agents.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling and/or preventing fungal infections, the method comprising applying HAA and a composition containing them.
The further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description.
General scope of the invention The present invention relates to various HAA compounds which are effective antifungal agents. It also includes formulations of HAA compounds and methods of using HAA compounds and formulations. The present invention also covers the preparation methods of HAA compounds and their use as fungicides.
HAA compound The novel antifungal HAA compound of the present invention is described by the following formula I:Formula I where:
a) Represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring, where (i) each X1-X4 is independently O, S, NR', N, CR" or a bond; (ii) at most one of X1-X4 is O, S or NR'; (iii) at most one of X1-X4 is a bond; (iv) if any one of X1-X4 is S, O or NR', one of the adjacent X1-X4 must represent a bond Bond; and (v) at least one of X1-X4 must be O, S, NR' or N; where R'is H, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C3 alkenyl, C2-C3 alkynyl, hydroxyl, acyl Oxy, C1-C6 alkoxymethyl, CHF2, cyclopropyl or C1-C4 alkoxy; R" is independently H, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl , Cyclopropyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C3 alkylthio, aryl, C1-C3NHC(O)alkyl, NHC(O)H, C1-C3 haloalkylthio , C2-C4 alkenyl, C2-C4 haloalkenyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C2-C4 haloalkynyl or nitro, where adjacent R substituents can form a ring or adjacent R' And R" substituent can form a ring; b) Z is O, S or NORz, where Rz is H or C1-C3 alkyl; and c) A represents (i) C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl Or C2-C14 alkynyl, all of them can be branched or straight chain, unsubstituted or halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, aroyl, aryloxy, C1-C8 acyloxy, C1-C6 alkyl sulfide Group, arylthio, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylthio, heteroaryloxy, C1-C6 acyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or C1-C6 haloalkoxy substituted, ( ii) C3-C14 cycloalkyl, containing 0-3 heteroatoms and 0-2 unsaturation, can be unsubstituted or halogen, hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, cyano , Nitro, aroyl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, C1-C6 alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C1-C8 acyl Oxy, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6 acyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl or amido substituted, the amido is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two C1- C6 alkyl substitution,
(iii) C6-C14 two- or three-ring system, containing 0-3 heteroatoms and 0-2 unsaturation, which may be unsubstituted or halogenated, hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl , Cyano, nitro, aroyl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, C1-C6 alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C1 -C8 acyloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6 acyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl or amido substituted, the amido is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two A C1-C6 alkyl substituted, (iv) aryl or heteroaryl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by nitro, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2- C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, aryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl Or amido substituted, the amido is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkylthio, C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C6 alkylsulfinyl, C1- C6OC(O)alkyl, OC(O)aryl, C3-C6OC(O)cycloalkyl, C1-C6NHC(O)alkyl, C3-C6NHC(O)cycloalkyl, NHC(O)aryl, NHC(O) heteroaryl, C3-C6 cycloalkylthio, C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfinyl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylthio, hetero Arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, arylthio, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, C(O)RY, C(NORX)RY substitution, any of which contains alkyl or cycloalkyl Substituents can be substituted by one or more halogens, and any substituents containing aryl or heteroaryl can also be unsubstituted or halogen, cyano, nitro, aroyl, aryloxy, aryl , Heteroaryl, C1-C6 acyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl or amido substituted, the amido is unsubstituted or is One or two C1-C6 alkyl substitutions, where RY and RX are independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and (v) Where * = connection point where Q1, Q2 are O or S; W is O, CH2, CHR6 or a bond;
R1 is C1-C8 alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R2 is H, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C5 alkenyl or C2-C5 alkynyl; R3 is H, R1, OR1, OC(O)R1, OC(O)OR1 or OC(O)NR1R6; R4 and R5 are independently H, C1-C6 alkyl or C2-C6 alkene The condition is that the sum of the carbon numbers of R4 plus R5 is six or less, and a further condition is that R4 and R5 can be connected to form a C3-C6 ring; R6 and R7 are independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3- C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C5 alkenyl or C2-C5 alkynyl, the condition is that at least one of R6 and R7 is H; the condition is if Yes Where R" is H or OCH3, then R1 is not C1-C8 alkyl or C2-C8 alkenyl.
The terms alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, etc. as used herein include straight chain and branched chain groups within their scope; the terms alkenyl, alkenylene, etc. are intended to include groups containing one or more double bonds; the term alkyne Groups, alkynylene groups, etc. are intended to include groups containing one or more triple bonds. The cycloalkyl group used herein refers to a C3-C14 cycloalkyl group containing 0-3 heteroatoms and 0-2 degrees of unsaturation. The two or three ring system refers to a C6-C14 aliphatic ring system containing 0-3 heteroatoms and 0-2 degrees of unsaturation. The aforementioned terms further cover substituted or unsubstituted forms. Unless specifically defined otherwise, the form of substitution refers to substitution by one or more groups, and the substituents are selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, aroyl, aryloxy, aryl, arylthio, hetero Aryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylthio, C1-C8 acyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkylthio, C1-C6 haloalkylthio Group, aryloxycarbonyl group, heteroaryloxycarbonyl group, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl group or amido group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two C1-C6 alkyl groups. All the above terms and definitions assume compliance with the rules of chemical bond and strain energy.
The term aryl as used herein refers to substituted phenyl or naphthyl. The term heteroaryl refers to any 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring containing one or more heteroatoms; these heteroaromatic rings can also be fused with other aromatic systems. The aforementioned terms further cover substituted or unsubstituted forms. The form of substitution refers to substitution by one or more groups, and the substituents are selected from nitro, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 Alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkylthio, C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C6 alkylsulfinyl Acyl, C1-C6OC(O)alkyl, OC(O)aryl, C3-C6OC(O)cycloalkyl, C1-C6NHC(O)alkyl, C3-C6NHC(O)cycloalkyl, NHC(O) ) Aryl, NHC(O) heteroaryl, C3-C6 cycloalkylthio, C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C3-C6 cycloalkylsulfinyl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryl Thio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, C(O)RY, C(NORX)RY, where RY and RX are independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, any of which contains alkyl or cycloalkyl substituents can be substituted by one or more halogens, The condition is to comply with the rules of chemical bond and strain energy.
The terms halogen and halo as used herein include chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine. The terms haloalkyl and the like refer to groups substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
The term Me as used herein refers to methyl. The term Et refers to ethyl. The term Pr refers to propyl. The term Bu refers to butyl. The term EtOAc refers to ethyl acetate.
The term alkoxy as used herein refers to straight or branched chain alkoxy. The term haloalkoxy refers to an alkoxy group substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
The term heteroatom as used herein refers to O, S and N.
Preferred formula The 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring includes pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, furan, thiophene, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole and thiadiazole Appropriate isomers. The most preferred heterocyclic aromatic rings are pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, thiazole, isothiazole, thiadiazole and oxazole. Particularly preferred compounds of formula I are based on 2-acylamino-3-hydroxypyridine, 2-acylamino-3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine, 2-acylamino-3-hydroxypyrazine and 4-acylamino- 5-hydroxypyrimidine.
It goes without saying that certain combinations of compound substituents meeting the definitions given herein will not be possible to prepare for steric and/or chemical reasons. The present invention does not include such compounds.
Various hydrates, salts and complexes of the compound of formula I can be prepared in a conventional manner. For example, a cation can be substituted for the hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group to generate a salt, such as NH4+, +N(Bu)4, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Li+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, etc. According to the present invention, these derivatives are also useful.
All temperatures in this article are given in degrees Celsius (°C), and all percentages are percentages by weight, unless otherwise stated. The term ppm refers to parts per million. The term psi refers to pounds per square inch. The term mp refers to the melting point. The term bp refers to boiling point.
Preparation of Compounds The compounds of the present invention are prepared using well-known chemical procedures. The required raw materials are commercially available or easily synthesized using standard procedures.
The HAA (2) required for the general preparation of pyridine-2-carboxamide is prepared in a coupling agent (phosgene or hydrochloric acid 1-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]-3-ethylcarbodi Imine (EDCI) plus 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) or 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) and an acid scavenger, such as N-methylmorpholine (NMM), In the presence of triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) or diisopropylethylamine), the appropriate o-hydroxy heteroaromatic carboxylic acid (1) is reacted with an amine (Scheme 1) . In some cases, an acid chloride having a protected hydroxyl group, such as (3), can be reacted with an appropriate amine to obtain an amide intermediate (4). The protective group is removed via hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium (Pd) catalyst to obtain the desired product (2X).
Preparation of ortho-hydroxy heteroaromatic carboxylic acid 1 The preparation of carboxylic acid 1 (X1=N, X2=X3=CH, X4 is independently C-Me, C-SMe, C-Cl) is shown in Scheme 2. In a 1:1 mixture of dimethylformamide (DMF)-tetrahydrofuran (THF), potassium tert-butoxide is used as the base, 3-hydroxy-2-bromopyridine (5) and 2-(trimethylsilyl) ) Ethoxymethyl chloride (SEM-Cl) reacts to produce the desired ether 6. Deprotonation of 6 with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), and then condensation with appropriate electrophiles (methyl iodide, dimethyl disulfide or hexachloroethane) to give 4-substituted pyridine 7 . The bromine/lithium exchange between 7 and n-BuLi (n-BuLi) is followed by carboxylation with carbon dioxide (CO2) and acid hydrolysis to obtain the necessary 4-substituted-3-hydroxypicolinic acid 1X.
Alternatively, 3-hydroxypyridine (8) can be condensed with SEM-Cl to obtain 9 (Scheme 3). Deprotonation of 9 with tert-butyl lithium (t-BuLi), and then condensation with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide, yields 4-fluoro derivative 10. 10 is condensed with sodium ethoxide to yield diether 11. Deprotonation of 11 with t-BuLi, followed by carboxylation and acid hydrolysis, gave the desired 4-ethoxypyridine 1X (X=OEt).
The preparation of acid chloride 3 is as described in Scheme 4. Therefore, using boron trifluoride as a catalyst, 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (12) was converted into methyl ester 13 in refluxing methanol. Then bromide 13 with bromide in an aqueous base to give 14 dibromide. Then, the condensation of 14 with benzyl chloride is carried out in the presence of sodium hydride to prepare benzyl ether 15. The methanolysis of 15 was carefully carried out in methanol/potassium carbonate to obtain the 4-methoxypicolinic acid derivative 16. Using benzene solvent and catalytic amount of DMF, the conversion of 16 to acid chloride 3 was achieved with oxalyl chloride.
Preparation of 4-ethoxy-3-hydroxypicolinic acid (1, X1=N, X2=X3=CH, X4=COEt) (see procedures 1 and 3)a. Preparation of 3-(2-trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy)pyridine (9)To the stirring mixture of DMF (100ml) and THF (100ml) was added solid potassium tert-butoxide ( 17.96g, 0.16mol). After all the solids are dissolved, the solution is cooled to 5°C, and 3-hydroxypyridine (14.25g, 0.15mol) is added all at once. After stirring for 10 minutes, the mixture was cooled to -10°C, and SEM-Cl (25 g, 0.15 mol) was added dropwise at such a rate to keep the internal temperature at -5°C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour and then at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was poured into water (600ml) and then extracted with ether (3x150ml). The ether extracts were combined, washed with 2N NaOH (100ml), water (50ml) and saturated NaCl solution (100ml) successively, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to obtain a brown liquid. The desired ether 9 was obtained by distillation as a colorless liquid (20.8g), with a bp95-99°C under 0.03mmHg.
b. The preparation of 4-fluoro-3-(2-trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy)pyridine (10) is cooled to -70°C under an argon atmosphere and stirred 9(12.39g , 0.055mol) in ether (200ml) solution was slowly added t-BuLi (40ml, 1.5M pentane solution). During the addition, keep the reaction temperature -68°C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at -70°C for another 60 minutes, and then transferred via a cannula to a stirred solution of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (18.92g) in anhydrous THF (200ml), the latter Also cool to -70°C under argon. After the addition was complete, the cold water bath was removed and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Water (100ml) was added, the organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to give a brown oil. Chromatographic purification (silica gel, hexane-acetone 9:1) gave the desired product 10 as an orange oil (7.5 g), containing about 15% starting material. This crude mixture was used directly in the following reaction.
c. Preparation of 4-ethoxy-3-(2-trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy)pyridine (11). To the stirring of sodium ethoxide (0.9g, 13mmol) in ethanol (10ml) 10 (1.07g, 4.4mmol) was added all at once to the solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours and then poured into water (100 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with ether (3×50 ml). The ether extracts were combined, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated. The resulting amber oil was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexane-acetone 4:1) to obtain 11 as a yellow oil (0.6 g).
d. 4-Ethoxy-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1, X1=N, X2=X3=CH, X4=COEt) Put a stirring solution of 11 (2.9g) in THF (50ml) in Cool to -70°C under argon atmosphere. Slowly add t-BuLi (8ml, 1.5M pentane solution) to it while keeping the reaction temperature at -66°C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at -70°C for 45 minutes, and then poured into a slurry of diethyl ether with crushed dry ice. The resulting mixture was stirred until it reached room temperature, and then the solvent was evaporated. To the residue were added THF (25 ml) and 4N HCl (15 ml), and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. At the end of the stirring, the insoluble matter was filtered, washed with a small amount of THF, and air-dried to obtain the title compound as a white solid (1.05 g).
Preparation of 6-bromo-3-benzyloxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid (16) and its acid chloride (3)
(See process 4)a. Preparation of methyl 4,6-dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate (14) Into a 2L 3-neck flask equipped with a dropping funnel and a mechanical stirrer, add water (800ml) and 3- Methyl hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate (15.3 g). Bromine (32 g) was slowly added to the stirring solution. As the reaction progressed, solids separated from the solution and the reaction mixture became difficult to stir. After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred vigorously until the bromine color disappears. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) of a small sample of crude product showed that it was an approximately 3:1 mixture of monobromo and dibromo products. Sodium carbonate (31.8 g) was carefully added to the reaction mixture, and then bromine (12 g) was additionally added dropwise. After the color of bromine disappeared, the reaction mixture was adjusted to about pH 5 with concentrated HCl, and the resulting mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×150 ml). The organic extracts were combined, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to give an orange solid (14g). This material (after charcoal treatment) can be recrystallized from methylcyclohexane to give 14, as a white solid, mp181-183°C.
b. Preparation of methyl 4,6-dibromo-3-benzyloxypyridine-2-carboxylate (15) To the stirring mixture of sodium hydride (0.6g) and DMF (50ml) was slowly added 14 (7.1 g). After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then benzyl chloride (3.05 g) was added all at once. The mixture was then heated at 90°C for six hours, cooled, poured into water (500ml), and extracted with ether (2×200ml). The ether extracts were combined, washed with 2N NaOH (50 ml), dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to give 15 as a pale yellow solid (8.3 g). Recrystallize from a small amount of methanol to obtain an analytical sample, mp75-76°C.
c. 6-Bromo-3-benzyloxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid (16) The vigorously stirred mixture of 15 (25.5g), potassium carbonate (75g) and methanol (300ml) Heat under reflux for 30 hours. The mixture was cooled, poured into water (800 ml), and adjusted to pH 2 by adding concentrated HCl. The resulting mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×150 ml). The organic extracts were combined, dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to obtain an almost colorless oil (20.5 g), which slowly solidified after standing. Recrystallization from methanol (125ml)/water (40ml) gave the desired acid 16 (11.6g), mp134-135°C.
d. The preparation of 6-bromo-3-benzyloxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (3) was mixed with 16 (2.54g, 7.5mmol) and benzene containing DMF (3 drops) ( Add oxalyl chloride (1.90g, 15mmol) to the mixture of 30ml) all at once. After gas evolution ceased (approximately 45 minutes), the now homogeneous solution was stirred for another 15 minutes, and then the solvent was evaporated. 1,2-Dichloroethane (30 ml) was added, and the solvent was evaporated again to obtain a quantitative yield of 3, which was an almost colorless oil. This material was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (10ml) or THF (10ml) and used directly in the subsequent coupling reaction.
6-Bromo-3-hydroxypicolinic acid (17)Bromine (32g) was slowly added to a mechanically stirred solution of methyl 3-hydroxypicolinate (30.6g) in water (800ml) over 30 minutes. After the addition is complete, continue stirring for one hour. Add ether (300ml) and continue stirring until all solids are dissolved. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with ether (200 ml). The organic phases were combined, dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to obtain 32.8 g of methyl 6-bromo-3-hydroxypicolinate as an incomplete white solid. Recrystallized from methanol/water to obtain an analytical sample, mp 115-117°C.
To the stirring solution of the ester (2.32g) in THF (15ml) was added a solution of LiOH.H2O (1g) in water (7ml) all at once. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and then poured into water (100 ml). The pH was adjusted to approximately pH 3 with 1N HCl, and the mixture was then extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 100 ml). The organic extract was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to obtain 2.0 g of a white solid whose 1H-NMR and MS were consistent with the desired title acid 17.
3-Benzyloxy-6-methoxypicolinic acid (18)A solution of methyl 3-benzyloxypicolinate (4.86g) and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (5.75g, 60% peracid) in CH2Cl2 (100ml) was stirred at room temperature for 40 hours. The reaction mixture was then extracted with 5% sodium bisulfite solution (100ml) and then with 0.5N NaOH solution (150ml). After drying (MgSO4), the solvent was evaporated to obtain 4.9 g of methyl 3-benzyloxypicolinate-1-oxide as a white solid. Recrystallized from methylcyclohexane/toluene to obtain a crystalline solid, mp104-106°C.
A solution of the compound (16.1 g) in acetic anhydride (80 ml) was stirred and heated in an oil bath at 125°C for 3 hours. The excess acetic anhydride was removed on a rotary evaporator, and the residue was dissolved in methanol (200 ml). Concentrated sulfuric acid (1 ml) was added, and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 90 minutes. The solvent was evaporated, and then saturated sodium bicarbonate was added to the residue. The resulting mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×100 ml). The organic parts were combined, dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to obtain 15.5 g of methyl 3-benzyloxy-6-hydroxypicolinate as a yellow solid. Recrystallization from toluene gave a pale yellow solid, mp 91-92°C.
To a stirred solution of the compound (10.25 g) in toluene (125 ml) heated in an oil bath at 60° C., silver carbonate (16.6 g) was added, and then methyl iodide (8.52 g) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred and heated at 60°C for 3 hours. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through Celite, and the solvent was evaporated to give a yellow oil. Purification by silica gel chromatography (4:1 hexane/acetone) gave an almost colorless oil whose 1H-NMR and MS data were consistent with methyl 3-benzyloxy-6-methoxypicolinate. Hydrolysis of the ester to the title acid 18 was achieved with LiOH.H2O as described above for the ester.
4-Hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (19)Ethyl 4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate can be prepared according to the operation of M. Pesson et al. "European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry-Chim. Ther." 1974, 9,585. A solution of the ester (500 mg, 3 mmol) in THF (10 ml) and MeOH (5 ml) was treated with LiOH.H2O (373 mg, 8.9 mmol) and stirred overnight. The mixture was quenched with concentrated HCl (1 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to obtain 260 mg of the title compound 19 as an orange solid, mp 220°C (decomposition).
4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (20)Ethyl 4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate can be prepared according to the operation of Geissman et al. "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1946, 11,741. A solution of the ester (750 mg, 4.11 mmol) in THF (10 ml) and MeOH (5 ml) was treated with LiOH.H2O (431 mg, 10.3 mmol) and stirred overnight. The mixture was quenched with concentrated HCl (1 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to obtain 155 mg of the title compound 20 as a white solid, mp 180°C (decomposition).
5,6-Dichloro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (21)Methyl 3-amino-5,6-dichloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (5.0 g, 23 mmol) was stirred in concentrated sulfuric acid (140 ml) and cooled to 0°C. Slowly add sodium nitrite, keeping the temperature at about 0°C. After 30 minutes at 0°C, the mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was poured into 500 g of ice, causing foaming and foaming. After 30 minutes, the mixture was extracted 3 times with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The residual yellow solid was washed with water and air-dried to obtain 5.0 g of a yellow solid, mp 114-116°C, whose 13C-NMR spectrum was consistent with the methyl ester of the title compound.
The solid (5.0 g) was treated with 1N NaOH (20 ml), and the mixture was heated at 90°C for 1.5 hours. After cooling, the mixture was acidified with concentrated HCl and extracted 3 times with EtOAc. It was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to obtain 0.48 g of a dark yellow solid whose 1H-NMR and MS spectra were consistent with the title acid 21.
6-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-methoxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (22)
A stirred mixture of 3-amino-5,6-dichloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5.0g, 23mmol) and sodium methoxide (3.6g, 67.5mmol) in absolute MeOH (50ml) was refluxed Heat for 2 hours, then cool and acidify with concentrated HCl. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and air-dried to obtain 3.6 g of a brown solid. It was recrystallized from hexane-EtOAc (1:1) to obtain 2.6 g of a pale yellow solid, the spectrum of which was consistent with methyl 3-amino-6-chloro-5-methoxypyrazine-2-carboxylate.
This compound (1 g, 4.6 mmol) was dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid, cooled to 0° C., and slowly treated with sodium nitrite (0.5 g, 6.9 mmol). After 30 minutes at 0°C, the mixture was poured into 300 g ice/water, causing foaming. Stirring was continued for 30 minutes, and then the solid was collected by filtration and washed with water. The wet solid was dissolved in EtOAc, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. Obtained 0.95 g of an incomplete white solid, mp180-182°C, and its NMR spectrum is consistent with methyl 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-methoxypyrazine-2-carboxylate.
The solid (0.9 g, 4.1 mmol) was treated with 1N NaOH (60 ml), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, then acidified with concentrated HCl. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, then dissolved in EtOAc, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. 0.62 g of a pale yellow solid, mp 170-173°C, was obtained, the spectrum of which was consistent with the desired title acid 22.
4-Hydroxyisothiazole-3-carboxylic acid (23) was operated according to Scheme 5 to obtain the acid.
Therefore, in a flask flushed with nitrogen, thioacetic acid (8.36 g, 0.11 mol) washed with 25 ml of EtOH was added to a stirred solid KOH (88%, 6.98 g. 0.11 mol) solution in 75 ml of EtOH. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes under nitrogen in a flask with a stopper. 0.1 mol of crude bromine compound (freshly prepared according to M. Hatanaka and T. Ishimaru "Journal of Medicinal Chemistry" 1973, 16, 798) was added thereto. Rinse the flask with nitrogen and close the stopper. The mixture was stirred in an ambient water bath for 3 hours and then poured into 300 ml CH2Cl2 and 1000 ml water. The aqueous layer was extracted four times with 200 ml CH2Cl2. The combined organic extracts were washed with 100 ml of cold water and saturated salt solution, and dried. The crude compound was filtered and concentrated. The obtained oil was purified by silica gel chromatography, using diethyl ether as the eluent to obtain 13 g of light yellow oil, which solidified to form a colloidal solid after standing. The spectral data is consistent with ethyl 2-acetamido-4-acetylthio-3-oxobutanoate.
Over 45 minutes, a 50 ml chloroform solution of bromine (15.8 g, 2 equivalents) was added dropwise to a rapidly stirring 450 ml chloroform solution of the compound (12.95 g) cooled to below 5°C in an ice bath. Continue to stir in the ice bath for 45 minutes and then at ambient temperature for 30 hours. The mixture was then washed with 200 ml of water and then with another 100 ml of water. The combined washing liquid was back-extracted with 100 ml of chloroform. The combined chloroform solution was washed with saturated salt solution and dried over MgSO4. The solution was filtered and concentrated to a crude oil. Purified by silica gel chromatography, eluted with a continuous gradient of petroleum ether-CH2Cl2 (3:1) to CH2Cl2, firstly 0.79g 5-bromo-4-hydroxyisothiazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was obtained, and then 3.40g 4- Hydroxyisothiazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, colorless crystal, mp44-47°C, MS and 1H-NMR are consistent.
To a solution of 710 mg of the latter ester in 30 ml of THF was added 370 mg of LiOH.H2O (2.2 equivalent) in 10 ml of an aqueous solution. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours and then cooled in the refrigerator. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain 710 mg of dilithium salt of carboxylic acid. The salt was dissolved in 7 ml of water, cooled in an ice bath, and adjusted to pH 1 by adding 2N HCl. The resulting solution was extracted three times with 50 ml EtOAc. The combined extracts were washed with 5ml brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and the filtrate was placed in the refrigerator. The cooled solution was filtered again, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain 230 mg of a colorless solid, mp185-89°C. The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra were consistent with the title compound 23.
3-benzyloxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (24) and 5-benzyloxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (25) According to the operation of S. Yamamoto et al. Japanese Patent JP 62148482, 1987, 3-hydroxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 5-hydroxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester The mixture (obtained by the operation of Y. Wang et al. "Journal of Zhejiang Institute of Technology" 1994, 2, 67) benzylated, and the mixture was separated by column chromatography, using 3:1 hexane:EtOAc as eluent to obtain 3- Benzyloxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 5-benzyloxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 1H-NMR determined that they are pure.
A solution of 3-benzyloxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (283mg, 1.08mmol) in THF (10ml), MeOH (2ml) and water (5ml) was mixed with LiOH.H2O (91mg, 2.17 mmol) and stir overnight. The mixture was quenched with concentrated HCl (1 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 ml). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give a white solid (227mg), mp169-172°C, the spectrum of which was consistent with 3-benzyloxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (24) of.
Similarly, ethyl 5-benzyloxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate (755mg, 2.9mmol) was used in THF (20ml), MeOH (4ml) and water (10ml) with LiOH.H2O (243mg, 5.8 mmol) was hydrolyzed to obtain 608 mg of 5-benzyloxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (25) as a white solid, mp 117-122°C.
Preparation of other heteroaromatic carboxylic acids 4-hydroxynicotinic acid was prepared by the operation of M. Mittelbach et al. "Pharmaceutical Literature" (Weinheim, Germany) 1985, 318, 481-486. According to the method of A. Dornow "Chemical Reports" 1940, 73, 153, 2-hydroxy-6-methylnicotinic acid can be prepared. According to the method of R. Mariella and E. Belcher "American Chemical Society" 1951, 73, 2616, 4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxynicotinic acid can be prepared. 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-6-methylnicotinic acid can be prepared by the operation of A. Cale et al. "Journal of Medicinal Chemistry" 1989, 32, 2178. By P. Nantka-Namirski and A The method of Rykowski "Chemical Abstracts" 1972, 77, 114205 can prepare 2,5-dihydroxynicotinic acid. Prepare 3-hydroxyisonicotinic acid according to the method of JDCrum and CHFuchsman "Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry" 1966, 3, 252-256. According to APKrapcho et al. "Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry" 1997, 34, 27, 3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acid can be prepared. 5,6-Dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acid can be prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding ethyl ester. Its synthesis is described in SI Zavyalov and AGZavozin "Izv. Akad. NaukSSSR" 1980, (5), 1067 -1070 in. The 4-hydroxypyridazine-3-carboxylic acid was prepared by the method of I. Ichimoto, K. Fujii and C. Tatsumi "Agricultural Biochemistry" 1967, 31, 979. The 3,5-dihydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-6-carboxylic acid was prepared by the method of E. Falco, E. Pappas and G. Hitchings "American Chemical Society" 1956, 78, 1938. Prepare 5-hydroxy-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazine-6-carboxylic acid according to the method of R. Barlow and A. Welch "American Chemical Society" 1956, 78, 1258. The hydroxyisothiazole-, hydroxyisoxazole- and hydroxypyrazole-carboxylic acid were prepared by the method of TM Willson et al. "Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters" 1996, 6, 1043. The 3-hydroxy-1,2,5-thiadiazole-4-carboxylic acid was prepared by the method of JMRoss et al., "American Chemical Society" 1964, 86, 2861. The 3-hydroxyisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid was obtained according to the operation described in K. Bowden et al. "The Journal of the British Chemical Society" (C), 1968, 172. According to the method of AWTaylor and RTCook "Tetrahedron" 1987, 43, 607, 3-hydroxy-1-phenylpyrazole-4-carboxylate was produced. The 3-benzyloxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid was prepared according to the operation of DL Boger and JHChen "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1995, 60, 7369-7371.
The general preparation of amine and aniline intermediates uses metal hydrides or metal-dissolved reactions to reduce the corresponding oximes to synthesize cyclic, acyclic and benzyl amines. See ROHutchins and MKHutchins "Comprehensive Organic Synthesis"; BMTrost, Ed. Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; Vol. 8, p. 65; or JW Huffman "Comprehensive Organic Synthesis"; BMTrost, Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991; Vol. 8, p.124. Alternatively, these amines can be prepared directly from the necessary ketones and aldehydes via the Leukart reaction, see R. Carlson, T. Lejon, T. Lunstedt and E. LeGlouerec "Scandinavian Chemical Acta 1993, 47, 1046 . Aniline is generally prepared by using palladium-coated carbon or sulfide-coated palladium carbon as a catalyst for the catalytic reduction of corresponding nitroaromatic compounds. Such operations have been described in detail in the literature, for example, RLAugustine "Catalytic Hydrogenation" Marcel Decker, Inc., New York, 1965.
According to the operation of M. Shimano, N. Kamei, T. Shibata, K. Inoguchi, N. Itoh, T. Ikari and H. Senda "Tetrahedron" 1998, 54, 12745 or its modified operation, amine 49 was prepared, which is 9 Elementary dilactone ring system. Such an improved operation is shown in process 6. Therefore, 26 was reduced with lithium borohydride (see the above reference), and the resulting primary alcohol was capped with triisopropylsilane (TIPS) to obtain 27. The free hydroxyl group of 27 is reacted with 1-bromo-2-methyl-2-propene, and then the double bond is catalytically reduced to obtain 28. The p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) protecting group was selectively removed, and then condensed with Nt-BOC-O-benzyl-L-serine to obtain 29. The TIPS group is removed, and the resulting hydroxyl group is then oxidized to obtain 30. This substance (30) was then converted to amine 31 using the procedure described in the above-mentioned reference.
In a similar manner, Schemes 7 and 8 outline the synthesis of aminodialides 38 and 48, respectively, which lack exocyclic ester functionality.
Preparation of 27 (see process 6) To a solution of lithium borohydride in 7.5 ml of anhydrous THF (2.0M, 7.5 ml, 15 mmol) was added 0.1 ml of trimethyl borate. The mixture was cooled to -30°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Add 10 ml of compound 26 (4.58 g, 10 mmol) to the solution over 10 minutes THF solution. The solution was stirred at -30°C for 1 hour and then at 0°C for 5 hours. Saturated ammonium chloride solution (10 ml) was added dropwise, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×25 ml), and the combined organic phase was washed with saturated brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by chromatography to obtain 2.1 g of white solid. The sample was recrystallized from hexane-EtOAc to obtain fine white needles, mp 91-93°C, [α]D25=+31.9°(C=1.04, CHCl3). This diol (2.04 g, 6.22 mmol) was dissolved in 4 ml of anhydrous DMF, and imidazole (680 mg, 10 mmol) was added. The solution was cooled in an ice bath, and then triisopropylchlorosilane (1.39ml, 6.5mmol) was added over 2 minutes. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, then poured into ice water, and extracted with 20% ether in hexane (3×15 ml). The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried, filtered through a short plug of silica gel and washed with 20 ml of the same solvent. The solvent was evaporated to obtain 2.77 g of compound 27 as a pale viscous oil, which was confirmed to be very pure by 1H-NMR.
Preparation of 28 (see process 6) A 50 ml flask was charged with sodium hydride (60% oil dispersion, 400 mg, 10 mmol), and washed with hexane three times. DMF (15 ml) was added, the suspension was stirred, and a solution of compound 27 (2.53 g, 5.19 mmol) in 5 ml of anhydrous DMF was added over 15 minutes. The reaction was stirred for 15 minutes, then cooled to below 0°C, 1-bromo-2-methyl-2-propene (1 ml, 10 mmol) was added over 5 minutes, and then stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was partitioned between hexane/ice-cold ammonium chloride solution, and the operation was performed as described in the preparation of 27. The crude product was purified by chromatography to obtain 2.20 g of colorless oil, which was confirmed to be pure by 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. Under nitrogen, this material (2.38 g, 4.4 mmol) was dissolved in 50 ml EtOAc in a 100 ml Morton flask. 150 mg of 5% palladium on carbon was added, and the mixture was stirred under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen for 20 minutes. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the solvent was evaporated to obtain 2.35 g of 28 as a colorless oil, which was confirmed to be pure by 1H-NMR.
Preparation of 29 (see process 6) A 50ml flask with a magnetic stirrer was charged with ether 28 (2.0g, 3.68mmol) in 40ml CH2Cl2 and 2ml of aqueous solution. It was stirred under nitrogen and cooled in an ice bath <10°C while adding 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) (920 mg, 4.05 mmol) all at once. The ice bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The golden yellow suspension was filtered by suction filtration, the filter cake was washed with 2×10ml CH2Cl2, and the filtrate was extracted with 0.2N NaOH (2×25ml). The organic layer was dried and concentrated to obtain pale oil, which was purified by chromatography to obtain 1.53 g of colorless oil, which was confirmed to be pure by elemental analysis. Dissolve it in 25ml CH2Cl2, stir in an ice bath under nitrogen, while adding DMAP (854mg, 7mmol), EDCI (1.34g, 7mmol) and Nt-BOC-O-benzyl-L-serine (2.07g). , 7mmol). The cooling bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Then it was poured into a rapidly stirring mixture of 50ml of ice-cold 0.5N HCl and 20ml of CH2Cl2 and stirred for 10 minutes. Separate the phases, use 1×10ml for the aqueous phase CH2Cl2 extraction; then the combined organic phases are dried and concentrated to obtain pale oil. After chromatographic purification, 2.30g29 was obtained, which was almost colorless heavy oil. TLC and 1H-NMR showed that it was quite pure.
Preparation of 30 (see process 6) Dissolve silyl ether 29 in 7 ml of anhydrous pyridine and cool in an ice bath. HF-pyridine complex (4.5ml) was added over 1 minute, the solution was stirred at room temperature for 17 hours, and then heated to 50°C for 4.5 hours, the conversion stopped. The mixture was poured into ice water and extracted with 3×50 ml of ether. The combined organic phase was washed with water and 1N HCl, then dried and concentrated to obtain an oil. After chromatographic purification, 1.23 g of the required alcohol was obtained as a viscous oil, and 365 mg of recovered 29 was obtained. The alcohol (1.14 g, 2.10 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml DMF, and pyridinium dichromate (3.76 g, 10 mmol) was added. After 21 hours, the mixture was poured into ice water, 1N HCl was added until the pH was below 3, and then solid sodium bisulfite was added until the orange color disappeared. The aqueous phase was extracted with ether (3×50 ml). The organic phases were combined, washed, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain 811 mg of viscous oil, which was pure enough to continue the reaction. The acid was dissolved in 30 ml EtOAc and 200 mg Pearlman catalyst was added. The slurry was shaken under 50 psi hydrogen pressure for 4 hours, 300 mg of fresh catalyst was added, and shaking was continued for 2 hours. Then filter and evaporate the solvent to obtain 30, which is a viscous glue, which is pure enough for further use.
Threonine dithiane 33 (see process 7) at room temperature, dissolve pentyl dithiane 32 (Hirai "Heterocycle" 1990, 30 (2, Spec. Issue), 1101) (200 mg, 0.97 mmol) 10ml CH2Cl2. N-(Z)-O-tert-butyl-(L)-threonine (900 mg, 2.91 mmol) was added, followed by DMAP (36 mg, 0.29 mmol). Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (1M CH2Cl2 solution, 2.9 ml, 2.9 mmol) was added dropwise to the mixture, and then stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with 50 ml of ether (Et2O), filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was applied to a small (4") silica gel gravity column and eluted with 4:1 hexane/EtOAc. The eluent collected from the silica column was further purified by radial chromatography using 4:1 hexane/EtOAc as the elution. The product part was evaporated and kept under high vacuum (45° C., 0.1 Torr) to a constant weight to obtain 500 mg of almost colorless heavy oil, which was identified as dithiane 33 (TLC Rf=0.32, 1H-NMR).
Threonine carboxylic acid 35 (see Scheme 7) Threonine dithiane 33 (500 mg, 1.01 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of 9:1 CH3CN/H2O mixture at room temperature. [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (650 mg, 1.50 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes. Saturated NaHCO3 (20ml) was added, and the solution was extracted with Et2O (3×20ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The aldehyde 34 is pure enough to be used directly in the following reaction (TLC, GC/MS). The crude aldehyde was dissolved in 15ml (4.95mmol) CrO3 reagent (prepared from 1g CrO3, 30ml CH3CO2H and 1ml pyridine) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The solution was diluted with 30ml cold water and extracted with Et2O (3×30ml). The organic layer was washed with 30 ml brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by radial chromatography using 2:1 heptane/EtOAc containing 2% CH3CO2H as eluent. TLC and 1H-NMR determined that carboxylic acid 35 (120 mg) was quite pure.
Threonine hydroxycarboxylic acid 36 (see Scheme 7) Threonine carboxylic acid 35 (137 mg, 0.324 mmol) was stirred in 3 ml of trifluoroacetic acid for 10 minutes, and the mixture was concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The residue was dried under high vacuum (0.05 mm) overnight. Hydroxy acid 36 (119 mg) was used directly in the next step.
N-Cbz-threonine dilactone 37 (see flow 7) Dissolve threonine hydroxycarboxylic acid 36 (119mg, 0.324mmol) in 1ml of benzene, add AldrithiolTM-2 (85mg, 0.39mmol), then add triphenyl Phosphine (0.39 mol, 101 mg) and the reaction was stirred overnight. The crude thioester was diluted with 15 ml CH3CN. Another flask with a reflux condenser was charged with 1.2ml (1.16mmol) of 1.0M AgClO4 in toluene, and then 32ml of CH3CN was added. The solution is heated to a reflux rate of 5-10 drops per second (oil bath ~160°C). Then the thioester solution was added dropwise to the top of the condenser via the addition funnel over 2 hours. The mixture was refluxed for another 30 minutes, cooled, and concentrated. The residue was diluted with 10 ml 0.5M KCN and extracted with benzene (3×20 ml). The benzene layers were combined, washed with 20 ml of water, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was then dissolved in 10 ml 2:1 pentane/Et2O and filtered. The solid was washed with 2:1 pentane/Et2O, the organic solutions were combined and concentrated. Radial chromatography purification (2:1 pentane/Et2O as eluent) yielded 34 mg of dilactone 37, which was confirmed to be quite pure by TLC (Rf=0.22) and 1H-NMR.
3-Amino-4,7,9-trimethyl dilactone 38 (see flow 7) in a 500ml Parr bottle purged with nitrogen, N-Cbz-threonine dilactone 37 (34mg, 0.097mmol) Dissolve in 10ml methanol. To this solution was added 10 mg Pd (black), and the mixture was shaken under 45 psi hydrogen pressure for 1 hour. The catalyst was filtered and the solvent was evaporated to give free amine 38 (20 mg, 100%). The amine is sufficiently pure (1H-NMR) to be used without further purification.
3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbutyrolactone 40 (see process 8) was purified with nitrogen in a 500ml Parr bottle, valeric acid 39 (Shimano et al. "Tetrahedron Letters" 1998, 39, 4363) (1.8g, 5.23mmol) was dissolved in 30ml methanol. To this solution was added 150 mg of 10% palladium on carbon, followed by 6 drops of concentrated HCl. The mixture was shaken under 50 psi hydrogen pressure for 3 hours. The catalyst was filtered through celite and the solution was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 30 ml CH2Cl2 and washed with water (1×10 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. Crude 1H-NMR and GC/MS revealed that the expected ratio of butyrolactone 40 to 4-methylanisole was 4:1 (v/v). This material (purity determined by GC is 60%) was directly used in the following reaction.
3-benzyl-5-methylbutyrolactone 41 (see process 8) to 3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbutyrolactone 40 (60% purity, 1.7g, 8.25mmol) Dissolve in 25ml CH2Cl2 and cool to 0°C. The solution was stirred while adding triethylamine (2.3ml, 16.5mmol), DMAP (500mg, 4.13mmol) and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (9.0mmol, 1.7g) successively. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 30 hours. The reaction was diluted with 50ml Et2O and washed with 5% NaHCO3 (25ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by radial chromatography using 2:1 pentane/Et2O as the eluent to obtain 677 mg of butenolide 41 (purity determined by GC and 1H-NMR>95%).
Cis-3-benzyl-5-methylbutyrolactone 42 (see process 8) was purified with nitrogen in a 500ml Parr bottle, and 3-benzyl-5-methylbutyrolactone 41 (677mg , 3.60mmol) dissolved in 30ml EtOAc. To this solution was added 300 mg of 10% Pd/C, and the mixture was shaken under 45 psi hydrogen pressure overnight. The catalyst is filtered and the solvent is evaporated. The residue was purified by radial chromatography using 2:1 pentane/Et2O as the eluent to obtain 484 mg of colorless oil (1H-NMR (CDCl3) and GC determination of pure substance yield 71%).
2-Benzylpentyl dithiane 43 (see Scheme 8) Dissolve cis-3-benzyl-5-methylbutyrolactone 42 (550 mg, 2.89 mmol) in 15 ml of Et2O, and cool to -78°C. Diisobutylaluminum hydride (1.0 M hexane solution, 3.47 mmol, 3.5 ml) was added dropwise, and the solution was stirred at -78°C for 2 hours. Methanol (3.3ml) was added over 15 minutes and the reaction was stirred at -78°C for another 30 minutes. Potassium sodium tartrate (1.65g, 5ml aqueous solution) was added, the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (2×10 ml). The combined ether layer was washed with saturated NaHCO3 and brine (1×10 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude internal hemiacetal (555mg) was dissolved in 5ml CH2Cl2 and cooled to 0°C. Add 1,3-propanedithiol (3.46mmol, 0.35ml), and then add 0.37ml (2.89mmol) of boron trifluoride etherate. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. Saturated NaHCO3 (20 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×10 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (1×20 ml), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by radial chromatography using 3:1 hexane/EtOAc as eluent to obtain 560 mg of yellow oil (1H-NMR and GC determination of pure material yield 69%), which was identified as dithiane 43.
Serine dithiane 44 (see Scheme 8) Dissolve 2-benzylpentyl dithiane 43 (560 mg, 1.99 mmol) in 5 ml DMF and cool to 0°C. DMAP (0.29 mmol, 36 mg) was added, followed by EDCI (0.57 g, 2.98 mmol). Then Nt-BOC-O-benzyl-(L)-serine (760 mg, 2.58 mmol) was added, then warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was poured into a rapidly stirring mixture of 10 ml of ice-cold 0.5N HCl and 20 ml of 20% ether/hexane, and stirred for 10 minutes. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 20% ether/hexane (1×10 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with 0.5N HCl (20ml) and brine (2×20ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was kept under high vacuum (45° C., 0.1 Torr) to constant weight to obtain 1.06 g of almost colorless heavy oil, which was identified as dithiane 44 (TLCRf = 0.3, 3:1 hexane/EtOAc).
Nt-BOC-O-benzylserine carboxylic acid 45 (see process 8)
Serine dithiane 44 (1.06 g, 1.90 mmol) was dissolved in 20 ml of a 9:1 CH3CN/H2O mixture at room temperature. [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (1.2 g, 2.82 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes. Saturated NaHCO3 (40ml) was added and the solution was extracted with Et2O (3×40ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The aldehyde is pure enough to be used directly in the following reaction (TLC, GC/MS, 1H-NMR). The crude aldehyde was dissolved in 30ml (9.70mmol) CrO3 reagent (prepared from 1g CrO3, 30ml CH3CO2H and 1ml pyridine) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The solution was diluted with 60ml cold water and extracted with Et2O (3×60ml). The organic layer was washed with 2 x 60 ml brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 100 ml 2:1 heptane/EtOAc and evaporated. The residue was purified via radial chromatography using 1.5:1 heptane/EtOAc containing 2% CH3CO2H as eluent. The carboxylic acid (536 mg) determined by TLC and 1H-NMR is quite pure. There are two obvious t-BOC rotamers in CDCl3, but not in acetone-d6.
Nt-BOC-serine bislactone 47 (see process 8) In a 500 ml Parr bottle purged with nitrogen, Nt-BOC-O-benzylserine carboxylic acid 45 (536 mg, 1.11 mmol) was dissolved in 15 ml of EtOAc. To this solution was added 390 mg of 10% Pd/C, and the mixture was shaken under 50 psi hydrogen pressure for 17 hours. The catalyst was filtered through celite and the solvent was evaporated to give hydroxy acid 46 (440 mg). The crude hydroxy acid 46 was dissolved in 23 ml of benzene, and triphenylphosphine (0.34 g, 1.28 mmol) was added at room temperature. Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD, 0.25 ml, 1.28 mmol) was added dropwise, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was concentrated, and the resulting residue was applied to a small (4") gravity column and eluted with 2:1 hexane/EtOAc. The eluent from the silica gel column was further purified by radial chromatography using 2:1 pentane/ether as the eluent The product fraction was evaporated to obtain 132 mg of yellow oil, which was identified as Nt-BOC-serine dilactone 47 (TLC Rf=0.32, 1H-NMR confirmed to be quite pure).
3-Amino-7-benzyl-9-methyl dilactone 48 (see process 8) Nt-BOC-serine dilactone 47 (132mg, 0.35mmol) was stirred in 3ml trifluoroacetic acid for 30 minutes, rotating The reactants are concentrated on the evaporator. The residue was dried under high vacuum (0.05 mm) overnight. The trifluoroacetate salt of amine 48 (0.35 mmol) determined by 1H-NMR is quite pure and can be used without further purification.
3-(3-chlorophenoxy)aniline
To a stirred solution of potassium tert-butoxide (12.3g) in DMSO (100ml) was added 3-chlorophenol (12.86g) all at once. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then 3-fluoronitrobenzene (12.70 g) was added all at once. The resulting dark mixture was heated at 120°C for 12 hours, cooled to room temperature, and then poured into water (700 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with ether (2×200 ml). The organic part was washed with 2N NaOH (100ml) and then with water (100ml). After drying (MgSO4), the solvent was evaporated and the dark oil obtained was distilled to obtain 3-(3-chlorophenoxy)nitrobenzene as a yellow oil with a bp of 135-140°C at 0.05 mm.
On a Parr shaker, a mixture of 3-(3-chlorophenoxy)nitrobenzene (14g) and 5% sulfide palladium carbon (1.25g) in EtOAc (150ml) was subjected to a hydrogen atmosphere (initial pressure=50psi) )deal with. After 4 hours, the mixture was fully degassed (nitrogen instead of hydrogen), dried (MgSO4), and filtered (#50 Whatman paper). The solvent was evaporated to obtain a light yellow oil (12g) with a purity of >96% by GC. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) and GC/MS (m/e=219,221) are consistent with 3-(3-chlorophenoxy)aniline.
3-(4-Trifluoromethylphenoxy)anilineTo a stirred solution of 3-hydroxyaniline (6.55g) and 4-fluorobenzotrifluoride (9.85g) in DMSO (50ml) was added potassium tert-butoxide (7.86g). The resulting dark solution was heated at 95°C for 4 hours, cooled to room temperature, and then poured into water (600 ml). The mixture was extracted with ether (3×125 ml). The organic phase was washed with 2N sodium hydroxide (2×75 ml) and water (100 ml), dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to give a dark oil. The oil was distilled to give the title aniline as a colorless oil (8.7 g), bp 110-112°C at 0.15 mm.
4-(4-Trifluoromethylphenylthio)aniline
To a stirred solution of 4-fluorobenzotrifluoride (9.85g) and 4-aminothiophenol (7.51g) in DMSO (60ml) cooled in an ice bath was added potassium tert-butoxide (6.73g). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 10 minutes and then at 60°C overnight. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water (600 ml), and the resulting mixture was extracted with ether (2×200 ml). The organic phase was washed with 2N sodium hydroxide (50ml) and then with water (50ml). After drying (MgSO4), the solvent was evaporated to obtain a brown solid. Recrystallization from hexane gave the title aniline as a yellow solid, mp 97-99°C.
4-(3-Trifluoromethylbenzyl)anilineTo the stirring mixture of magnesium chips (1.09g) in dry THF (10ml) was added 4-bromo-N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aniline (9.48g) in dry THF (75ml) ) Solution to prepare Grignard reagent. CuCl2 (0.20g) and LiCl (0.13g) were added to anhydrous THF (25ml) and stirred until a homogeneous solution was formed to prepare a solution of the second catalyst Li2CuCl4 (0.33g). This catalyst solution was then added to a solution of 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl bromide (7.17 g) in dry THF (75 ml). The orange-red solution was cooled in an ice bath (N2 atmosphere), and the Grignard solution (preliminarily cooled in an ice bath) was quickly transferred into it via a cannula. After stirring at 0°C for 15 minutes, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched by adding saturated NH4Cl solution (25ml). The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to give a dark oil (11 g). Add 4N to the oil HCl (50 ml), and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. To the mixture was carefully added solid sodium carbonate to make it basic, and then extracted with ether (3×100 ml). The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and the solvent was evaporated. EtOAc (100ml) was added and the solution was decanted to remove some insoluble materials. The solvent was evaporated again and the residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel, 3:1 hexane/EtOAc). The second eluate was collected, and an orange oil was obtained, and the color quickly became darker. NMR (CDCl3) and GC/MS (m/e=251) are consistent with the title compound. This material was converted to the HCl salt to obtain a brown solid.
4-(3-Trifluoromethylbenzoyl)anilineA stirred solution of 4-bromo-N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aniline (9.24g) in anhydrous THF (100ml) was cooled to -78°C under an argon atmosphere. A 2.5M hexane solution (12 ml) of n-butyllithium was slowly added thereto. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 10 minutes, and then N-methyl-N-methoxy-3-trifluoromethylbenzamide (6.8g) in anhydrous THF (25ml) was added dropwise Solution. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour, then the cooling bath was removed and the reaction temperature was raised to 10°C. Saturated NH4Cl solution (50ml) was added, and then water (10ml) was added to quench the reaction. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to give a yellow liquid (12g). This was dissolved in ether (100ml) and 4N HCl (100ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, during which time the solid separated. The solid was filtered, washed with several batches of ether, and then carefully added to a stirred saturated NaHCO3 solution (100 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with ether (2×100 ml), the organic phase was dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to give a yellow-white solid (5.7 g). Recrystallization from methanol/water gave a white solid, mp 130-131°C. The spectral data is consistent with the title compound.
Ethyl 2-amino-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzoateTo a mechanically stirred solution of potassium tert-butoxide (15.71g) in DMSO (75ml) was added 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (10.2g) all at once. The mixture was stirred under an argon atmosphere at room temperature for 10 minutes, then 4-fluorobenzotrifluoride (11.16 g) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred and heated at 75-80°C overnight. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water (600 ml) and the pH was adjusted to approximately 2.5. The solid obtained was filtered, washed with several batches of water, and then recrystallized from methanol/water (charcoal) to obtain a yellow-brown solid (13.5 g), mp 165-167°C. This solid was dissolved in absolute ethanol (250ml), and concentrated sulfuric acid (15ml) was added carefully. The resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 24 hours, and then most of the ethanol was evaporated. The residue was carefully added to ice water (600 ml), 50% NaOH solution was slowly added to the mixture to make it basic, and then extracted with ether (2×150 ml). The organic phase was washed with water (100 ml) and then with saturated NaCl solution (50 ml). After drying (MgSO4), the solvent was evaporated to obtain a yellow oil with a GC purity of about 98%. GC/MS showed the parent ion m/e=325, which is consistent with the title compound.
2-aminobenzonorbornaneTo a stirred solution of benzonorbornene (2.84g) in anhydrous THF (8ml) cooled to 0°C under an argon atmosphere was quickly added a 1M borane solution in THF (6.7ml). The solution was stirred at 0°C for 10 minutes and then at room temperature for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C again, and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (1.58 g) was added all at once. The ice bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. 1N HCl (25ml) and ether (20ml) were added and stirring was continued for 10 minutes. Separate the phases and discard the organic phase. The aqueous phase was carefully added with 50% NaOH solution to make it basic, and then extracted with ether (3×30 ml). The organic phase was dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to obtain a yellow liquid (1.35 g) whose purity was judged to be 98% by GC. NMR (CDCl3) and GC/MS (m/e=159) are consistent with the title compound.
Preparation of (3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxymethyl)norbornylamine 53 mixture The preparation of this mixture is as described in Scheme 9. Therefore, the mixture of exo-and endo-norbornene carboxylic acid 49 (~1:4) (7.0g), 2-iodopropane (12.8g) and potassium carbonate (10.4g) in DMSO (40ml) was mixed in 55 Stir and heat at °C overnight. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with water (125 ml) and then extracted with pentane. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and the solvent was evaporated to give a colorless oil (8.2g). The oil was added to a solution of sodium 2-propoxide (3.6 g) in 2-propanol (100 ml), and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 16 hours. The 2-propanol was removed, diluted with water (200 ml), and extracted with pentane to obtain isopropyl norbornene 50 as a 52:48 mixture of exo and endo isomers. It was separated into pure isomers via chromatography (silica gel, 95:5 hexane/EtOAc). The 50 exoisomer (4.0g) was dissolved in ether (50ml), cooled to 0°C, and 1M lithium aluminum hydride in ether (14ml) was slowly added. After the addition was complete, the mixture was heated under reflux for 1 hour. After cooling, water (0.53ml), 15% NaOH solution (0.53ml) and water (1.59ml) were added successively to quench the reaction. The resulting mixture was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated to obtain exo-alcohol 51 (2.7 g) as a colorless liquid. GC/MS (m/e=124) is consistent with the specified structure.
To the stirring solution of potassium hydride (1.0 g) in dry THF (25 ml) was carefully added a solution of 51 (2.7 g) in THF (10 ml). After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl bromide (5.98 g) was added all at once (exothermic reaction). The reaction was heated under reflux for 2 hours, cooled, and then poured into water (150 ml). Extract with ether (2×75ml), dry (MgSO4), and evaporate the solvent to obtain a yellow oil, which is purified by chromatography (silica gel, 97:3 hexane/acetone) to obtain pure 52 as a colorless oil (5.2g) ). NMR (CDCl3) and GC/MS (m/e=282) are consistent with the structure of 52.
The conversion of 52 to a mixture of diastereomers of amine 53 (yield 20%) was achieved via the borane/hydroxyamine-O-sulfonic acid operation as described above.
3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propylamineThis amine is obtained by first converting 3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propanol to the corresponding chloride according to the operation of B. Jursic et al. "Synthesis" 1988, (11), 868, and then using DJ Dumas et al. The operation of "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1988, 53, 4650 converts the chloride into amine.
3-[[5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]oxy]-1-propylamineWith stirring under nitrogen, 2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine (1.831 g, 11 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (15 ml), and cooled to 0°C in an ice bath. A solution of 3-amino-1-propanol (0.76 ml, 10 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 ml) and a 1M solution of potassium tert-butoxide in THF (10 ml, 10 mmol) were added dropwise over 30 minutes. The yellow solution was stirred and allowed to slowly warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water (75ml) and extracted with ether (2x50ml). The organic phase was washed with brine (50ml), dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and evaporated under vacuum to obtain a yellow liquid, which was almost pure by NMR and MS measurements and was used without further purification.
(+)-trans-1-hydroxy-2-aminocyclopentane hydrobromide(±)-trans-1-benzyloxy-2-aminocyclopentane hydrobromide (8.2 g, 42.8 mmol) was treated with 40% HBr (60 ml). After stirring for 3 days, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to obtain 7.09 g (91%) of hydrobromide salt as an orange solid, which was confirmed to be pure by 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6).
2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1H-indene-1-amineThe amine was prepared according to the operation of the world patent WO 9927783.
10-Amino-endo-2,5-methylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-ene (56) was prepared as shown in Scheme 10. Thus, aluminum chloride (700 mg, 5.2 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-cyclohexen-1-one (2.0 g, 20.8 mmol) in toluene (200 ml). After 40 minutes, freshly distilled cyclopentadiene (13.7 g, 208 mmol) was added and heated to 100°C for 2 hours. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with Et2O (300ml) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2x150ml) and brine (100ml). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using 50:1 hexane:Et2O as eluent to obtain 2,5-methylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-en-10-one (54) The inner (1.74g) and outer (943mg) isomers were determined to be pure by 1H-NMR and GC/MS.
Sodium acetate (1.79g, 21.8mmol) was added to the endo-2,5-methylenebicyclo[4.4.1]dec-3-en-10-one (54) (1.61g, 9.9mmol) in batches ) And hydroxylamine hydrochloride (758mg, 10.9mmol) in methanol (33ml) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with ether (2×50 ml). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to obtain endo-2,5-methylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-en-10-one oxime (55) as a paste Like the residue, 1H-NMR and GC/MS confirmed that it was pure.
The endo-2,5-methylenebicyclo[4.4.1]dec-3-en-10-one oxime (55) (500mg, 2.79mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (25ml), and 10% Pd/ C (50mg). After 3 hours under H2 (40 psi), the suspension was filtered through Celite and concentrated. The obtained residue was dissolved in EtOH (25ml) and charged with Raney_-Ni (1.0g). The suspension was saturated with NH3 and pressurized with H2 (45 psi). After 6 hours, the suspension was filtered through Celite, diluted with EtOAc (100ml) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (100ml). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. 1H-NMR and GC/MS revealed that the title amine 56 is a 2:1 mixture of diastereomers (418 mg).
10-Amino-4-(4'-methylpent-3'-alkenyl)-bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-ene (59) was prepared as shown in Scheme 11. Thus, aluminum chloride (700 mg, 5.2 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-cyclohexen-1-one (2.0 g, 20.8 mmol) in toluene (100 ml). After 40 minutes, add myrcene (17 g, 125 mmol) and heat to 100°C for 2 hours. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with Et2O (300ml) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2x150ml) and brine (100ml). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using 50:1 hexane:Et2O as eluent to give 4-(4'-methylpent-3'-enyl)-bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3- En-10-one (57) (2.55g), 1H-NMR and GC/MS confirmed to be pure.
Sodium acetate (1.73g, 21mmol) was added in batches to 4-(4'-methylpent-3'-enyl)-bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-en-10-one (57) (2.23g, 9.6mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (733mg, 10.5mmol) in methanol (32ml) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with ether (2×50 ml). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to obtain 4-(4'-methylpent-3'-enyl)-bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-en-10-one The oxime (58) is a paste residue, which was confirmed to be pure by 1H-NMR and GC/MS.
Dissolve 4-(4'-methylpent-3'-enyl)-bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-en-10-one oxime (600mg, 2.42mmol) in EtOH (25ml) and add 10% Pd/C (1.0g). The suspension was saturated with NH3 and pressurized with H2 (45 psi). After 6 hours, the suspension was filtered through Celite, diluted with EtOAc (100ml) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (100ml). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. 1H-NMR and GC/MS indicated the pure title amine (550mg).
2-Amino-7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone hydrochloride (63)
This amine hydrochloride is prepared as shown in Scheme 12. Therefore, 7-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-3-methyl-4-chromanone (3.0g, 9.7mmol) (according to K. Koch and MS Biggers "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1994, 59, 1216 Operation preparation) was added to 2-(tributylstannyl)furan (3.79g, 10.6mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (223mg, 0.19mmol), LiCl (1.23g, 29.0mmol) and two 2,6- Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol crystals in 1,4-dioxane (50ml) solution, heated to reflux for 12 hours. After cooling, the mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (40ml) and extracted with Et2O (2x50ml). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using 20:1 hexane:EtOAc as eluent to give 7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone (60) (1.78g) as yellow Solid, mp94-95°C.
Sodium acetate (395mg, 4.85mmol) was added in batches to 7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone (60) (500mg, 2.19mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (167mg, 2.41mmol) In methanol (5ml) solution, stir overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with ether (2×25 ml). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to obtain 7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone oxime (61) as a white solid, mp175-177°C.
Tosyl chloride (397mg, 2.08mmol) was added to 7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone oxime (61) (461mg, 1.89mmol) and pyridine (0.5ml) at 0°C In CH2Cl2 (10ml) solution. After 6 hours, the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (30ml) and washed with 5% HCl (20ml). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified via flash chromatography using 5:1 hexane:EtOAc as eluent to give 7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone O-(tosyl)-oxime ( 62) (429mg), pink solid, mp163-164°C (decomposition).
The ethanol solution of sodium ethoxide (0.35ml, 2.87M, 1.0mmol) was added to the stirring 7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone O-(tosyl)-oxime ( 62) (410mg, 1.0mmol) in benzene (4ml) solution. After 18 hours, 3N HCl (6ml) was added and the layers were separated. The organic layer was further extracted with 3N HCl (2×10 ml), and the combined aqueous extracts were concentrated to obtain the crude title compound 63 as an orange solid (388 mg), which was used without further purification.
2-Amino-7-(3'-methoxypropynyl)-3-methyl-4-chromanone hydrochloride (65) was prepared as shown in Scheme 13 to prepare the amine hydrochloride. Therefore, 7-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-3-methyl-4-chromanone (3.10g, 10mmol) (according to the operation of K. Koch and MS Biggers "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1994, 59, 1216 Preparation) was added to a DMF (30ml) solution of methyl propargyl ether (1.05g, 15mmol), (Ph3P)4Pd (210mg, 0.30mmol) and Et3N (6ml), and heated at 70°C for 1 hour. After cooling, the mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (40ml) and extracted with Et2O (2x50ml). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified via flash chromatography using 9:1 hexane-EtOAc as eluent to give 7-(3'-methoxypropynyl)-3-methyl-4-chromanone ( 64) (1.40g), a white solid, mp 60-63°C.
The conversion of 64 to the title compound 65 was achieved in the same manner as described above for 2-amino-7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone hydrochloride.
2-Amino-α-tetralone hydrochloride (66) was performed by the same operation as described above for 2-amino-7-furyl-3-methyl-4-chromanone hydrochloride as The compound is obtained from α-tetralone as shown in Scheme 14.
2-Amino-endo-6,9-ethylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-7-enone hydrochloride (70) The amine hydrochloride was prepared as shown in Scheme 15. Thus, aluminum chloride (700 mg, 5.2 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-cyclohexen-1-one (2.0 g, 20.8 mmol) in toluene (100 ml). After 40 minutes, add cyclohexadiene (8.3 g, 104 mmol) and heat to 100°C for 2 hours. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with Et2O (300ml) and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2x150ml) and brine (100ml). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using 50:1 hexane:Et2O as the eluent to obtain endo-2,5-bridged ethylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-7-en-10-one (67 ) (2.77g), 1H-NMR and GC/MS confirmed to be pure.
Add endo-2,5-bridged ethylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-7-en-10-one (67) (2.17g, 12.3mmol) in THF (20ml) solution to -78°C LDA in THF (30ml) solution (6.7ml, 2.0M, 13.5mmol). After 45 minutes, trimethylsilyl chloride (2.0 g, 18.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was slowly warmed to 0°C. The mixture was diluted with saturated NaHCO3 solution (30ml), extracted with Et2O (2×30ml), dried (MgSO4), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF (60 ml), and N-bromosuccinimide (2.6 g, 14.7 mmol) was added portionwise. After 30 minutes, the mixture was diluted with saturated NH4Cl solution (30ml) and extracted with Et2O (2x40ml). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The residue was purified via flash chromatography using 33:1 hexane-Et2O as eluent to give 2-bromo-endo-6,9-bridged ethylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-7-enone ( 68) (1.44g), it is a pale yellow oil, which was confirmed to be pure by 1H-NMR and GC/MS.
Sodium azide (280mg, 4.3mmol) was added to 2-bromo-endo-6,9-bridged ethylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-7-enone (68) (850mg, 3.9mmol) DMF (20ml) solution. After 2 hours, the mixture was diluted with water (30ml) and extracted with Et2O (2x40ml). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using 20:1 hexane-Et2O as eluent to give 2-azido-endo-6,9-ethylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-7-ene Ketone (69) (469mg), an oil, was confirmed to be pure by 1H-NMR.
Triphenylphosphine (486mg, 1.85mmol) was added to 2-azido-endo-6,9-bridged ethylenebicyclo[4.4.0]dec-7-enone (69) (310mg, 1.42mmol) ) In THF (10ml) and water (1ml). After stirring for 12 hours, the mixture was diluted with 6N HCl (10 ml) and the layers were separated. The organic phase was extracted with 6N HCl (2×5ml), and the combined aqueous layer was concentrated to dryness to obtain the desired title compound 70 as a thick orange oil (500mg). Its 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) It is consistent with the specified structure.
Endo-2-aminonorbornane-5-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester (71) and endo-2-aminonorbornane-6-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester (72)These amines were prepared from isopropyl norbornene-2-ene-5-carboxylate in the same manner as before (see Scheme 9).
Regarding the general operation of reductive amination of ketones into amines, in a dry flask under a nitrogen atmosphere, ketone (1 mmol), ammonium acetate (20 mmol) and 3A molecular sieve (2.8 weight equivalents) were mixed in anhydrous methanol. Sodium cyanoborohydride (4 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature until TLC analysis showed that the starting ketone disappeared. The methanol was stripped from the reaction mixture under vacuum, and the residue was dissolved in 6N HCl. After stirring for 15 minutes, non-alkaline substances were removed by extraction with diethyl ether. The pH of the aqueous phase was carefully raised to ~8 with 50% aqueous NaOH, and the amine was extracted with EtOAc (3 times). The EtOAc extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to give the corresponding amine. The crude amine is generally pure and can be used without further purification.
General procedure for BOC-deprotection of amines To a solution of ice-cold BOC-protected amine (1 mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (1 ml) was added triethylsilane (0.5 ml) and trifluoroacetic acid (1 ml). The progress of the reaction was monitored by the disappearance of the starting material (5 minutes to 1.5 hours). The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in water (10ml) and EtOAc (20ml), the pH was adjusted to ~8 (aqueous NaHCO3), and the organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×15 ml). The organic phases were combined, washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to give the amine.
Preparation of amines 73 and 74
These amines were prepared from the corresponding known ketodilactones (Journal of Organic Chemistry 1998, 63, 9889-94) via the above-mentioned standard reductive amination conditions. The 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectra are consistent with the specified structure.
Preparation of Amines 77 and 78. The preparation of these amines is shown in Scheme 16. The macrocyclic dilactone 75 was prepared according to the operation of "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1998, 63, 9889-94. Therefore, Nt-BOC-aspartic acid (2.33g) and 2-chloromethyl-3-chloropropene (1.25g) and Cs2CO3 (7.0 g) React in DMF (1000 ml) to obtain 1.12 g (yield 40%) of 75 as a glassy solid. The mass spectrum (EI-) shows that [M-1]+ is at (m/e)284, and the 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectra are consistent with the structure of 75.
To a solution of olefin 75 (288 mg, 1.01 mmol) in dry EtOAc (6 ml) was added 10% Pd/carbon (60 mg). The resulting mixture was purged with nitrogen and stirred in a Parr hydrogenator under a hydrogen pressure of 45 psi for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was purged with nitrogen, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 7:3 mixture of hexane-EtOAc) to obtain 91 mg (yield 32%) of the reduced product 76. 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectra were consistent with the structure of 76.
The BOC protecting groups in 75 and 76 were removed according to the aforementioned general BOC-deprotection operation, and the corresponding amines 77 and 78 were obtained, respectively. The 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectra were consistent with the specified structure.
Synthesis of Phenyl Dilactone 81 The preparation of this compound is shown in Scheme 17. Under nitrogen, BOC was added dropwise to an ice-cold (0°C) fully stirred solution of phenylsuccinic acid (0.923g, 5.2mmol) and DMAP (0.064g, 0.52mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (55ml) over 30 minutes -Serinol solution ("Synthesis" 1998, 1113-1118) (1.0 g, 5.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature, stirred for another 12 hours, diluted with CH2Cl2 (40ml), and extracted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (3x10ml). The basic extracts were combined, carefully acidified with 2N HCl, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 ml). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to give a white foam (1.7g). 1H NMR showed a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers of acid 79.
To a fully stirred suspension of ice-cold acid 79 (1.00g, 2.72mmol) and triphenylphosphine (786mg, 3.0mmol) in anhydrous THF (122ml) was added dropwise diethyl azodicarboxylate ( 0.52g, 3.0mmol) in THF (55ml). The resulting mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature, stirred for another 5 hours, and concentrated to about 5 ml. The residual mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50ml) and water (20ml). The organic phase was separated, washed with aqueous NaHCO3 (10ml), brine (10ml), dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to give an oily residue. Purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, hexane) gave 228 mg (yield 22%) of a 1:1 mixture of dilactone 80, mp=161-162°C. Mass spectrum (EI) showed that M+ is at m/e 349.
Removal of the BOC protecting group under the aforementioned standard BOC deprotection conditions gave amine 81.
Synthesis of Dilactone Amines 84 and 85. The preparation of these compounds is shown in Scheme 18. To the stirring serinol (3.0g, 15.7mmol), pyridine (1.24g, 0.98mol) and DMAP (0.19g, 1.57mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (140ml) solution was added dropwise N-CBz aspartic anhydride (3.52g, 14.13mmol) in anhydrous THF (20ml0 solution. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated to a volume of about 10ml, diluted with EtOAc (100ml) and water (30ml). Adjust the pH to 8.5 (aqueous) NaHCO3), the aqueous phase was separated, acidified with 2N HCl to pH 3, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to give 5.8g82 as a foam Like a white substance. 1H NMR spectrum shows that it is quite pure and contains a mixture of diastereomers.
To a solution of triphenylphosphine (3.60g, 13.75mmol) and 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide (2.80g, 13.75mmol) in anhydrous THF (1.15L) was added dropwise acid 82 (5.5L) over 3 hours g, 12.5 mmol) in dry THF (100 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred for another 6 hours, concentrated in vacuo to a volume of about 20 ml, and diluted with ether (200 ml) and water (100 ml). The organic phase was separated, washed with 5% aqueous NaHCO3 and brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The oily residue was purified by flash column chromatography to obtain 1.3 g (yield 23%) of the desired dilactone 83. Mass spectrum (ES-) showed that m/e was 421(M-1)+. 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectra are consistent with structure 83.
Deprotection of dilactone 83 under standard BOC deprotection conditions yields amine 84.
To a solution of N-CBz-protected dilactone 83 (200 mg, 0.47 mmol) in EtOAc (10 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (40 mg), and the resulting mixture was stirred under a balloon pressure of hydrogen for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was purged with N2, filtered through a fritted glass funnel, and concentrated to give amine 85 (126 mg). The crude amine can be used without further purification.
Preparation of amines 86 and 88The synthesis of 2,6,6-trimethyl-2,4-cycloheptadienylamine (86) and 2,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3-cycloheptenone (87) is as shown in Scheme 19. As shown, the latter is the precursor of amine 88. Therefore, using the titanium isopropoxide/NaBH4/Et3N-mediated reductive amination operation described in "Synthetic Letters" 1999, 1781, is excellent Artemisinone ("Canadian Journal of Chemistry" 1974, 52, 1852) is easily converted to the corresponding amine 86. Using the operations described in "Tetrahedron Express" 1995, 51, 743-754, Artemisinone undergoes Cu(I)-catalyzed Michael addition of trimethylaluminum to obtain 2,3,5,5-tetramethyl-3-cycloheptenone (87). According to the general operation of the world patent WO 9927783, the latter is converted to 2,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2-cycloheptenylamine (88).
N-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)-(1,5,5-trimethyl-3-aminocyclohexyl)urea (89)Using standard HOAt, EDCI and DMAP-mediated coupling conditions, 1,5,5-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexyl carboxylic acid (MS Ziegler and RM Herbst "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1951, 16 ,920) and N-methyl-2-phenylethylamine coupling to obtain [N-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)]-1,5,5-trimethyl-3-oxo -1-Cyclohexylformamide, a light yellow oil. The mass spectrum shows that the parent ion is at m/e 301. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra are consistent with this structure.
The amine 89 is prepared from the ketone according to the general operation of the world patent WO 9927783 as follows, converted into the corresponding N-hydroxyoxime, and then hydrogenated in the presence of Raney_Ni. The 1H NMR of the amine showed a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers.
3-(3,3-Dimethylbutoxycarbonyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine (90)Under standard coupling conditions, 1,5,5-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexylcarboxylic acid (MSZiegler and RMHerbst "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 195l, 16,920) was used with 3,3- Treatment of dimethylpentanol (1.84g), DMAP (2.21g) and 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide (2.17g) in CH2Cl2 (80ml) solution gave 2.41g (yield 55%) 3 -(3,3-Dimethylbutoxycarbonyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone. Mass spectrometry (EI) shows that the parent ion is at m/e 268.
The ketone was converted into the title amine 90 according to the general operation of the world patent WO 9927783 as follows, converted into the corresponding oxime, and then hydrogenated in the presence of Raney_Ni. The 1H NMR of amine 90 showed a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers.
4-(4,6-Bis-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)oxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexylamine (93) The synthesis of this amine is shown in Scheme 20. Therefore, 4-hydroxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl-1,1-ethylene glycol acetal (900mg, 4.2mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (8.4ml), and the mixture was cooled At 0°C, an oil suspension of 35% (wt) KH (591 mg, 5.04 mmol) was added. After the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, a solution of 2-chloro-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridine (1.48 g, 6.3 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour and then at room temperature for 12 hours, carefully quenched with ammonium chloride. Diethyl ether (100ml) was added, the organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to give a dark brown solid. Recrystallized from hot hexane to obtain 950 mg (yield 53%) of 4-(4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)oxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl ring Hexyl-1,1-ethylene glycol acetal (91), mp=105-106°C.
Acetal (91) (900 mg) was dissolved in a 1:1:1 mixture (30 ml) of THF, dioxane and 2N HCl, and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. At this time, GC showed that the raw materials had disappeared completely. The mixture was diluted with water and diethyl ether (50 ml each), the organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated to give an oily residue. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane-EtOAc, 5:1) to give 712 mg (96% yield) of ketone 92 as a colorless oil. Mass spectrometry (EI) showed that the parent ion was at m/e 383.
According to the general operation of the world patent WO 9927783, the reductive amination of 92 was achieved to obtain the title amine 93.
The synthesis of 3-(2,3-dichloropropoxy)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine (97)amine 97 is shown in Scheme 21. The dichlorination of olefin 94 was carried out according to the operation of Tetrahedron Letters 1991, 32, 1831-4 to obtain acetal 95. The latter (500 mg) was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of THF and 2N HCl. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, at which time TLC showed that the starting material had disappeared. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and water (30 ml each), the organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to give 383 mg of ketone 96 as an oil. 1H-NMR is consistent with the diastereomeric mixture of isomers. Reductive amination was carried out according to the aforementioned standard procedure to obtain the title amine 97.
3-Benzoyl-3,5,5-Trimethylcyclohexylamine (100)
The preparation of this amine is shown in Scheme 22. Make 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl-1,1-ethylene glycol acetal (98) (World Patent WO 9927783) react with phenyllithium, and then carry out acid hydrolysis to obtain two Ketone 99 was converted to the title amino ketone 100 according to the operation of the above patent.
The preparation of 5β-(2-phenethyl)-3β-methoxy-4β-methyl-4-nitrocyclohexylamine (105) amine 105 is shown in Scheme 23. According to the "Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan" 1968, 41, 1441, nitroethane was condensed with dihydrocinnamaldehyde to obtain the corresponding nitro alcohol 101. Dehydration of 101 was carried out according to the operation of "Synthesis" 1982, 1017, and then triphenylphosphine-mediated isomerization ("Tetrahedron Letters" 1998, 39, 811-812) was carried out on a polymer carrier to obtain olefin 103. According to the operation of "Tetrahedron Express" 2000, 41, 1717, the Diels-Alder earring addition of 103 to Danishefsky diene was carried out to obtain ketone 104. The ketone 104 is converted to the amine 105 according to the standard operation of the world patent WO 9927783.
3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine (106)
According to the above-mentioned standard reductive amination operation, the compound was prepared by the reductive amination of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (Scheme 24). Mass spectrometry (EI) showed that the parent ion m/e was 167.
3-Amino-5-phenylthiopyran (107) was prepared as shown in Scheme 25. Therefore, to 0.96g (5mmol) of 5-phenyl-3-thiopyranone (PTLansbury et al. "American Chemical Society" 1970, 92, 5649) in 50ml of anhydrous methanol solution was added 7.7g (100mmol) of ammonium acetate and 6.5 g 3A molecular sieve. After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, 1.25 g (20 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride was added in portions. After stirring for 16 hours, the mixture was gravity filtered and the methanol was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between ice/HCl and ether. The acidic aqueous phase was extracted twice with ether, and then adjusted to alkaline with ice and 50% aqueous NaOH. The mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2, dried (MgSO4), and evaporated to give 0.19 g (20%) of the title compound. GC/MS showed that the purity was 100% and the molecular ion was 193.
4-(4-Trifluoromethyl)phenoxycyclohexylamine (109) was prepared according to Scheme 26. Add 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-8-ol (7.5g, 0.047mol) 15ml DMF to the 50ml DMF solution of sodium hydride (1.2g, 0.05mol) while stirring for 10 minutes. Solution. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. 4-Fluorobenzotrifluoride (7.71g, 0.047mol) was added all at once, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then at 70°C overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into cold water (700 ml), and 1N HCl was added to make the solution weakly acidic. The mixture was filtered, and the aqueous filtrate was extracted with hexane (2×150 ml). The filtered solid was dissolved in the hexane extract and washed with water (50 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to obtain a white solid. The solid was recrystallized from methanol/water to obtain pure ketal (8.6 g, 61%).
Silica gel (30 g) was suspended in 150 ml CH2Cl2. 7 ml of 12% HCl aqueous solution was added dropwise to the suspension over 5 minutes. The mixture is stirred vigorously to prevent agglomeration. A solution of the above ketal (8.0 g, 26.49 mmol) in 75 ml of CH2Cl2 was added, and the reaction was stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was then filtered and the silica gel pad was washed with 500 ml CH2Cl2. The solvent was evaporated, yielding 5.8 g (86%) of 4-(4-trifluorophenoxy)cyclohexanone (108).
The reductive amination of ketone 108 was carried out according to the standard reductive amination procedure described above to obtain the title compound 109.
4-Benzoyloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexylamine (111) was prepared according to the procedure of Scheme 27. To a stirred solution of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-8-ol (0.37g, 1.73mmol) in 6ml THF cooled to 0°C N-BuLi (2.5M hexane solution, 1.73mmol, 0.7ml) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes. Then benzoyl chloride (1.73 mmol, 0.2 ml) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into 50 ml 0.5N NaOH and extracted with ether (3×20 ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by radial chromatography using 4:1 hexane-EtOAc as eluent. Thus 0.55 g (~100%) of benzoyloxy ketal was obtained.
Silica gel (2.2g) was suspended in 10ml CH2Cl2. 0.5 ml of 12% HCl aqueous solution was added dropwise to the suspension over 5 minutes. The mixture is stirred vigorously to prevent agglomeration. A 5 ml CH2Cl2 solution of the above benzoyloxy ketal was added, and the reaction was stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was then filtered and the silica gel pad was washed with 100 ml CH2Cl2. The solvent was evaporated to obtain 0.46 g (90%) of benzoyloxycyclohexanone 110 as a clear oil.
Add hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.23g, 3.25mmol) and potassium acetate (0.32g, 3.25mmol) in 4ml aqueous solution to the stirring 4ml methanol solution of benzoyloxycyclohexanone 110 (0.46g, 1.68mmol). . The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. Water (20ml) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with ether (3x10ml). The ether extracts were combined and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (1×20 ml) and brine (1×15 ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to obtain the desired oxime (0.39 g, 80%) as a mixture of E and Z isomers.
In a 500ml Parr pressure bottle, Raney nickel (wet weight 0.8g, Aldrich Chemical Co.) was washed with water (3×20ml) and then with ethanol (3×20ml), decanting the washing solvent each time. To the washed catalyst was added a solution of oxime (0.39 g, 1.35 mmol) in absolute ethanol (30 ml). Some heat of the solution is required to dissolve. Ammonia gas was passed through the solution for 1 minute, and the resulting mixture was saturated with ammonia. The solution was placed on a Parr shaker and shaken under a hydrogen atmosphere (initial hydrogen pressure = 50 psig) for 7 hours. The reaction mixture was then filtered through a celite pad, and the solvent was evaporated to obtain an almost colorless liquid (0.37 g, quantitative yield). Proton NMR and GC/MS are consistent with the diastereomer mixture (4:1) of the title amine 111. The material can be used without additional purification.
4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexyl-6-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxylate (113) was synthesized as shown in Scheme 28. Into a stirred solution of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-8-ol (0.32g, 1.50mmol) in 5ml THF cooled to 0°C N-BuLi (2.5M hexane solution, 1.50mmol, 0.6ml) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes. Then a solution of 6-chloropicolinoyl chloride (1.50 mmol, 0.26 g) in 1 ml THF was added, and then the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature. The solution solidified, so another 5 ml THF was added and the reaction was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into 40 ml 0.5N NaOH and extracted with ether (3×20 ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. Proton NMR revealed that the ratio of expected product to raw material was 1.6:1. These compounds could not be separated by silica gel chromatography, so the mixture was used in the next step and purified there.
Silica gel (1.4g) was suspended in 10ml CH2Cl2. 0.3 ml of 12% HCl aqueous solution was added dropwise to the suspension over 5 minutes. The mixture is stirred vigorously to prevent agglomeration. A 5 ml CH2Cl2 solution of the above mixture was added, and the reaction was stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was then filtered and the silica gel pad was washed with 100 ml CH2Cl2. Evaporate the solvent to obtain an oil. 10ml of 4:1 hexane-EtOAc solution was added to precipitate the desired picolinate 112. The resulting solid was filtered and washed with 10 ml 4:1 hexane-EtOAc. The hexane-EtOAc washes were combined and evaporated to give an oil. The above operation was repeated 3 times to obtain picolinate 112 as a white solid (214 mg, yield 46% in two steps). Proton NMR and GC/MS showed that the purity of the desired product was >95%.
The ester (200mg, 0.65mmol), titanium (IV) isopropoxide (1.30mmol, 0.38ml), ammonium chloride (1.30mmol, 70mg) and triethylamine (1.30mmol, 0.18ml) in absolute ethanol (10ml The mixture in) was stirred for 12 hours under nitrogen at room temperature. Then sodium borohydride (0.97 mmol, 40 mg) was added and the resulting compound was stirred at ambient temperature for another 8 hours. The reaction was then quenched by pouring into ammonia (20ml, 2.0M), and the resulting solution was extracted with ether (3×20ml). The combined ether extracts were extracted with 2N HCl (2×20 ml) to separate non-alkaline substances. The acidic solution was washed once with ether (20 ml), then treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide (2N) to pH 10-12, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 ml). The combined EtOAc washes were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to give an oil. This material is consistent with the 6:1 mixture of diastereomers of the title cyclohexylamine. Proton NMR and GC/MS showed that the purity of the desired product was ~75%. The amine mixture can be used without further purification.
Trans-2-methylthiocyclohexylamineThe amine was prepared from cyclohexene using the azasulfonylation technique of BMTrost and T. Shibata "American Chemical Society" 1982, 104, 3225.
4-Phenylthiocyclohexylamine (115) was prepared according to the procedure shown in Scheme 29. To the stirring 4-phenylthiocyclohexanone (VKYadav and DA Jeyaraj "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1998, 63, 3474) (1.20g, 5.83mmol) in 20ml of methanol was added benzyloxyamine hydrochloride (1.80g). , 11.22mmol) and potassium acetate (1.10g, 11.22mmol) in 20ml aqueous solution. The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. Water (60ml) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with ether (3x40ml). The ether extracts were combined and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (1×50 ml) and brine (1×40 ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to obtain an oil. This material was purified via radial chromatography (9:1 hexane-EtOAc) to give the corresponding O-benzyl oxime 114 (1.72 g, 95%) as a mixture of E and Z isomers.
Lithium aluminum hydride (5.08 mmol, 0.19 g) was suspended in 10 ml of anhydrous ether and cooled to 0°C. A 5 ml ether solution of O-benzyl oxime 114 was added dropwise, and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. Water (0.2ml) and 1N NaOH (0.2ml) were carefully added at the same time to destroy the excess lithium aluminum hydride. The mixture was filtered and the salt was washed with 50 ml of ether. The solvent was evaporated to give 0.62 g (93%) of the title amine 115 as an oil. Proton NMR and GC/MS revealed that the product was a 1.3:1 diastereomer with a purity of >95%.
3-{[3-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]thio}cyclohexylamine (117) was prepared according to the method shown in Scheme 30. At ambient temperature, add to a stirring solution of 2-cyclohexen-1-one (0.44ml, 4.58mmol) and 2-mercapto-5-trifluoromethylpyridine (0.82g, 4.58mmol) in 20ml CH2Cl2 Bismuth trichloride (60 mg, 0.18 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature and concentrated. The residue was purified by radial chromatography using 4:1 hexane-EtOAc as eluent to obtain 1.12 g (89%) of the conjugated addition product 2-(3-oxocyclohexylthio)-5-trifluoro Methyl pyridine (116).
To a stirred solution of 116 (0.26g, 0.95mmol) in 3ml of methanol was added a 3ml aqueous solution of benzyloxyamine hydrochloride (0.29g, 1.83mmol) and potassium acetate (0.18g, 1.83mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. Water (10ml) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with ether (3x10ml). The ether extracts were combined and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (1×15 ml) and brine (1×15 ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to obtain an oil. This material was purified via radial chromatography (9:1 hexane-EtOAc) to give isolated oxime (0.32g, 89%). E-isomer (Rf=0.33) and Z-isomer (Rf=0.25) showed consistent proton NMR and GC/MS spectral characteristics.
Lithium aluminum hydride (1.33mmol, 50mg) was suspended in 3ml of anhydrous ether and cooled to 0°C. 1 ml of ether solution of mixed oxime was added dropwise, the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. At the same time carefully add water (50μl) and 1N NaOH (50μl) to destroy the excess lithium aluminum hydride. The mixture was filtered, and the salt was washed with ether to a volume of 100 ml. The ether solution was extracted with 2N HCl (2×50 ml) to separate non-alkaline substances. The acidic aqueous solution was washed once with ether (50 ml), then treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide (2M) to pH 10-12, and extracted with ether (3×50 ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to give 121 mg (52%) of the desired title amine 117 as an oil. Proton NMR and GC/MS revealed that the product was a 1.3:1 diastereomer with a purity of >95%.
1-(5-Amino-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)-4-phenyl-1-butanone (120) was synthesized by the method described in Scheme 31. A 10 ml THF suspension of naphthalene (1.23 g, 9.57 mmol) and lithium particles (67 mg, 9.57 mmol) at room temperature was stirred under nitrogen overnight. The naphthyl lithium solution was cooled to -60°C, and phenyl 3-phenylpropyl sulfide (1.1 g, 4.78 mmol) was added. The reaction was cooled to -20°C to ensure that the reaction was complete, and then re-cooled to -60°C. Add 7-cyano-7,9,9-trimethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (0.5g, 2.39mmol) in 5ml THF solution, warm the solution to 0°C, Stir at this temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched by adding 10 ml of saturated ammonium chloride solution, then treated with 2N HCl to pH ~ 4, and stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was extracted with ether (3×30 ml), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The residue was purified via radial chromatography using 6:1 hexane-EtOAc as eluent. Thus, 3-(2-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone 118 (136mg, Rf=0.18) and its ketal (509mg, Rf=0.33) were obtained 1:3 mixture, the latter is the product of incomplete hydrolysis. The total yield of the addition of 1-lithium-3-phenylpropane to the nitrile is calculated to be 85%.
Silica gel (1.82g) was suspended in 10ml CH2Cl2. 0.41 ml of 12% HCl aqueous solution was added dropwise to the suspension over 5 minutes. The mixture is stirred vigorously to prevent agglomeration. A 2 ml CH2Cl2 solution of the above ketal was added, and the reaction was stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was then filtered and the silica gel pad was washed with 50 ml CH2Cl2. The solvent was evaporated to obtain 0.48 g (100%) of 3-(1-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (118) as a clear oil, and its NMR It is consistent with GC/MS properties.
To the stirring 7 ml methanol solution of the bis-ketone (0.62 g, 2.17 mmol) was added 7 ml aqueous solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.16 g, 2.28 mmol) and potassium acetate (0.25 g, 3.03 mmol) at the same time. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Water (20ml) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with ether (3x20ml). The ether extracts were combined and washed with saturated NaHCO3 (1×20 ml) and brine (1×20 ml). The ether layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to obtain the desired mono-oxime 119 (0.57 g, 87%) as a mixture of E and Z isomers.
In a 500ml Parr pressure bottle, Raney nickel (wet weight 0.8g, Aldrich Chemical Co.) was washed with water (3×20ml) and then with ethanol (3×20ml), decanting the washing solvent each time. To the washed catalyst was added a solution of oxime 119 (0.57 g, 1.89 mmol) in absolute ethanol (40 ml). Ammonia gas was passed through the solution for 1 minute, and the resulting mixture was saturated with ammonia. The solution was placed on a Parr shaker and shaken under a hydrogen atmosphere (initial hydrogen pressure = 50 psig) for 7 hours. The reaction mixture was then filtered through a pad of Celite, and the solvent was evaporated to give an oil (0.43 g, 80%). GC/MS analysis revealed a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers of the title amine 120 and a small amount of unidentified by-products. The amine mixture can be used directly without further purification.
2-Benzyl-6-methyl-4-pyranylamine (122) prepares the amine according to Scheme 32. To 0.37g (1.8mmol) 2-benzyl-6-methyl-4-pyrone (G. Piancatilli et al. "Synthesis" 1982, 248) was added 0.22g (3.1mmol) hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 0.16g (2mmol) A solution of potassium acetate in 10 ml of methanol. After stirring overnight, the mixture was partitioned between CH2Cl2 and water. The organic phase is dried and evaporated. The oily residue solidified after being placed at room temperature to obtain 0.4g (99%) of the required oxime 121, which was confirmed to be a 1:1 Z/E isomer mixture by GC/MS, and the molecular ion was 219, which was directly used for the following reduction reaction.
To 0.4g 2-benzyl-6-methyl-4-pyrone oxime (121) (1.8mmol) in 50ml 95% ethanol solution was added 0.8g (wet weight) which has been washed 3 times with water and 3 times with ethanol Raney_ Nickel. The mixture was placed in a Parr shaker under 41 psig of hydrogen for 32 hours. After venting, the mixture was gravity filtered and evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between CH2Cl2 and aqueous sodium carbonate. The organic phase was dried and evaporated under vacuum to obtain 0.19 g of the desired mixture of title amine 122 plus oxime 121, which was a 2:1 mixture by GC/MS analysis. The mixture can be used without further separation.
1-benzoyl-4-aminopiperidineThe compound was prepared by the method of Bhattacharyya et al. "Synthesis Letters" 1999, 11, 1781.
1-(4-Methylbenzyl)-4-piperidinylamine (125) was synthesized according to Scheme 33. To a solution of 5.05 g (50 mmol) of 4-hydroxypiperidine and 7.08 g (50 mmol) of p-methylbenzyl chloride in 25 ml of tert-butanol was added excess solid potassium carbonate, and the mixture was heated on a steam bath for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between ether and water. The organic phase was extracted with cold dilute HCl, and the acidic aqueous phase was extracted twice with ether. The aqueous phase was made alkaline with ice and 50% aqueous NaOH and extracted with ether. The ether phase was washed with dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, brine, dried, and evaporated under vacuum to obtain 5.3 g (52%) of 1-(4-methylbenzyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine (123), which is a kind of oil. GC/MS showed that the purity was 100% and the molecular ion was 205.
To a solution of 2.8 ml (32 mmol) of oxalyl chloride in 75 ml of CH2Cl2 at -78°C was added 4.6 ml (64 mmol) of DMSO. To this mixture was added a solution of 5.3 g (26 mmol) of 1-(4-methylbenzyl)-4-piperidinol (123) in 10 ml of CH2Cl2, and the mixture was stirred under cooling for 5 minutes. The mixture was quenched with 18 ml (129 mmol) of triethylamine, allowed to reach room temperature, and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride was added. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried, and evaporated to obtain 4.27 g (81%) of 1-(4-methylbenzyl)-4-piperidone (124), which was used without further purification. GC/MS showed that the purity was 100% and the molecular ion was 203.
To a 200 ml anhydrous methanol solution of 4.25 g (21 mmol) 1-(4-methylbenzyl)-4-piperidone 124 was added 32.2 g (420 mmol) ammonium acetate and 25 g 3A molecular sieve. After stirring for 10 minutes, 5.25 g (84 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride was added in portions. After stirring for 16 hours, the mixture was gravity filtered and the methanol was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between ether and ice/HCl. The acidic aqueous layer was extracted twice with ether, adjusted to alkaline with 50% aqueous NaOH and ice, and extracted with CH2Cl2 to obtain 2.1 g (48%) of the title amine 125 as a thick oil. GC/MS showed that the molecular ion was 204. The product can be used without further purification.
1-(3-Trifluoromethylbenzyl)-4-piperidinylamine (127) was prepared according to Scheme 34. To 0.8 g (3.1 mmol) of 1-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-4-piperidone (prepared in the same manner as 1-(4-methylbenzyl)-4-piperidone 123) 0.22 g (3.1 mmol) of hydroxylamine hydrochloride was added to 7 ml of pyridine solution, and the mixture was stirred overnight. The mixture was evaporated under vacuum and the residue was partitioned between ether and dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase was dried and evaporated under vacuum to obtain 0.52 g (62%) of the oxime as an oil, which was used directly in the following hydrogenation step. GC/MS showed that the molecular ion was 272.
To a solution of 0.5 g (2 mmol) of the oxime in 75 ml of ethanol was added 0.5 g (wet weight) of Raney nickel which had been washed 3 times with water and 3 times with ethanol. Ammonia gas was bubbled into the mixture for several minutes, and the mixture was placed in a Parr shaker under 45 psig of hydrogen for 7 hours. Empty the container and gravity filter the mixture. The residue was dissolved in ether, filtered and evaporated to give 0.43 g (81%) of the title amine 127, which was used without further purification. GC/MS showed a single peak with a molecular ion of 258.
The cis/trans-2-methyl-3-tetrahydrofuranylamine (128) followed the method of Scheme 35 to obtain the amine. To 1.15g (10mmol) of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one oxime (commercially available 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one prepared via standard procedures) in 50ml of methanol was added 1g (wet weight). The Raney nickel was washed 3 times with water and ethanol, and placed under 44 psig hydrogen in a Parr shaker. After 18 hours, the mixture was vented and subjected to gravity filtration. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, the residue was dissolved in ether and dried. The ether phase was evaporated under vacuum to give 0.6 g (59%) of the title amine 128 as a cis/trans mixture. GC/MS showed that 41% of molecular ions were 101 and 59% of molecular ions were 101. The amine mixture can be used without further purification.
2-Benzyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyranylamine (133) was operated as described in Scheme 36 to obtain the amine. To a 40ml CH2Cl2 solution of 4.88g (19.7mmol) 3-trimethylsiloxybutyrate trimethylsilyl 3-trimethylsiloxybutyrate at -78°C was added 2.4g (18mmol) methyl benzyl ketone and 1 drop of trimethylsilyl ketone. Methylsilyl triflate. The mixture was allowed to stand under cooling for 2 days and then quenched with 0.5 ml of pyridine to allow it to reach room temperature. The organic phase was washed with dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried, and evaporated under vacuum. The residue was distilled under vacuum to obtain 2.89 g (67%) of 2-benzyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxan-4-one (129), 0.6mm Bp125-32°C below. GC/MS showed two isomers, each with a basic peak of 134 (methyl benzyl ketone).
To 1.5 g (6.8 mmol) 2-benzyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxan-4-one (129) under nitrogen was added 2.9 g (13.9 mmol) ) A solution of bis-(cyclopentyl)-bis-methylcyclopentadiene titanium in 20 ml of anhydrous THF. The mixture was heated under reflux for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with excess ether. The entire mixture was filtered through a bed of silica gel, using ether as the eluent. The filtrate was evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography, eluting with EtOAc and hexane (1:4) containing 0.2% triethylamine. The fraction containing the product was evaporated, suspended in petroleum ether, and filtered under vacuum to obtain 1.2 g of solid. GC/MS showed an approximately 3:1 mixture of 2-benzyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxane (130) with a molecular ion of 218 and raw material 129. The mixture is used directly for the following rearrangement.
At -78°C, 10.99 ml (11 mmol) of triisobutylaluminum hydride was added to a solution of 1.2 g (5.5 mmol) of this mixture in 5 ml of toluene under nitrogen. The reaction was allowed to stand under cooling for 16 hours and then quenched with a few drops of water. The mixture was allowed to reach room temperature, and an excess of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride was added. The mixture was extracted with excess CH2Cl2, and it was difficult to separate the aluminum salt. The organic layer was dried and evaporated to obtain 1.1 g (90%) of 2-benzyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyranol (131) as a 75:25 isomer mixture (GC/MS) .
Under magnetic stirring, 1.6 g (7.5 mmol) of pyridinium chlorochromate was added in batches to 1.1 g (5 mmol) of 131 in 10 ml of CH2Cl2 solution. After 1 hour at room temperature, ether was added and the mixture was filtered through a bed of silica gel and washed with ether. The filtrate was evaporated to obtain 0.88 g (80%) of 2-benzyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyrone (132). GC/MS showed that the purity was 99%, and the basic peak was 127 (M-benzyl). This isomer mixture was directly used for the following reductive amination.
To a solution of 0.88 g (4 mmol) of 132 in 40 ml of anhydrous methanol was added 6.16 g (80 mmol) of ammonium acetate and 5 g of 3A molecular sieve. After stirring for 45 minutes at room temperature, 1.02 g (16 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride was added in portions under magnetic stirring. The mixture was gravity filtered and the methanol was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between ether and cold dilute HCl. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with ether and then made alkaline with ice and 50% aqueous NaOH. The product was extracted with CH2Cl2, dried, and evaporated to give 0.43 g (49%) of a two-component isomer mixture of the title amine 133. GC/MS showed that 58% of molecular ions were 128 and 42% of molecular ions were 128.
1-(3-Phenylpropionyl)-4-aminopiperidine (136) The amine was synthesized according to the method of Scheme 37. Phenylpropionyl chloride (obtained from 6g (40mmol) of phenylpropionic acid in excess thionyl chloride) was added to a solution of 4g (40mmol) of 4-hydroxypiperidine in 20ml of toluene. To the mixture was added an excess of 2N aqueous NaOH. After stirring for 24 hours, the toluene layer was discarded, the aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2, dried, and evaporated under vacuum to obtain 3.63 g (39%) of 1-(3-phenylpropionyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine (134) . GC/MS showed that the purity was 100% and the molecular ion was 233.
To a solution of 1.68ml of oxalyl chloride (19.2mmol) in 35ml of CH2Cl2 at -78°C was added a solution of 2.73ml (38.5mmol) of anhydrous DMSO in 5ml of CH2Cl2. After the addition, a solution of 3.6 g (15.4 mmol) of 1-(3-phenylpropionyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine 134 in 5 ml of CH2Cl2 was added, and the mixture was stirred under cooling for 5 minutes. A solution of 10.73 ml (77 mmol) of triethylamine in 5 ml of CH2Cl2 was added and the mixture was brought to room temperature. The mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic phase was washed twice with water, washed with saturated brine, dried, and evaporated under vacuum to obtain 3.2 g (89%) of 1-(3-phenylpropionyl)-4-ketopiperidine (135). GC/MS showed that the purity was 100% and the molecular ion was 231.
To 3.2 g (13.8 mmol) of 135 in 125 ml of anhydrous methanol was added 21.3 g of ammonium acetate and 20 g of 3A molecular sieve. After stirring for 30 minutes, 3.47 g (55.2 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride was added in portions under stirring. After 3 hours, the mixture was gravity filtered and the methanol was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between ice/HCl and ether. The acidic aqueous phase was extracted twice with ether. Make the aqueous phase alkaline with ice and 50% aqueous NaOH. The mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2, dried, and evaporated under vacuum to give 1.5 g (47%) of the title amine 136. GC/MS showed that the purity was 100% and the molecular ion was 232.
Preparation of Amine 139 The synthesis of the amine is shown in Scheme 38. A Teflon test tube with a screw cap was filled with 137 (M. Shimano et al. "Tetrahedron" 1998, 54, 12745) (0.80 g, 1.21 mmol) and 6 ml of pyridine. The solution was cooled to 0°C and treated with 1.1 ml of HF-pyridine complex. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 17 hours. Then another 1.1 ml HF-pyridine was added and the reaction was stirred for another 30 hours. The mixture was poured into a stirring ice-cold solution of 40 ml 1N HCl and 20 ml 1:1 hexane-diethyl ether. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 1:1 hexane-diethyl ether (2×20 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with ice-cold 1N HCl (1×20 ml) and brine (1×20 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by radial chromatography (3:1 hexane-EtOAc) to obtain 282 mg of hydroxy ester (with a small amount of impurities), and proceed directly to the following step.
Isobutyryl chloride (0.2 ml, 1.92 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of crude hydroxy ester (282 mg, 0.48 mmol) in pyridine cooled to 0°C. The cooling bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred for 5 hours. Water (2ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for another 30 minutes. The solution was extracted with ether (3×10 ml). The ether layer was washed successively with ice-cold 1N HCl (2×10 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (1×10 ml) and brine (1×10 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified via radial chromatography (4:1 hexane-EtOAc) to give 171 mg of isobutyryl ester 138 (23% total yield for two steps).
The BOC group of the ester is removed according to the aforementioned standard BOC-deprotection conditions to obtain the desired amine 139.
Preparation of Amine 145 The amine was prepared as described in Scheme 39. The hydroxy ester 140 (M. Shimano et al. "Tetrahedron" 1998, 54, 12745) (6.27 mmol) was dissolved in 15 ml of DMF and cooled to 0°C. To this solution, DMAP (1.53 g, 12.53 mmol), EDCI (1.8 g, 9.40 mmol) and N-BOC-O-Bn-(L)-threonine (2.52 g, 8.15 mmol) were added successively. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solution was poured into a rapidly stirring mixture of 30 ml of ice-cold 0.5N HCl and 50 ml of 4:1 hexane-ether. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 4:1 hexane-ether (1×30 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with 0.5N HCl (1×20 ml) and brine (2×20 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel (150g) chromatography, eluting anisaldehyde with 1.25L 3:1 CH2Cl2-hexane, and then eluting the coupling product 141 (3.95g, 88%) with 65:10:25 CH2Cl2-diethyl ether-hexane ).
In a Parr apparatus, a mixture of benzyl ether 141 (1.32 g, 1.84 mol) and 200 mg 10% Pd/C in 25 ml EtOAc was shaken under 50 psi hydrogen pressure for 5 hours. The mixture was filtered through a Celite_pad and concentrated to obtain hydroxy acid 142 (680 mg, 70%), which was confirmed to be quite pure by NMR analysis.
To a stirring 7 ml DMF solution of hydroxy acid 142 (1.54 g, 2.86 mmol) and benzyl bromide (1.5 ml, 12.29 mmol) was added solid sodium bicarbonate (1.2 g, 14.27 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours and then partitioned between 25 ml water and 10 ml 4:1 hexane-ether. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 4:1 hexane-ether (2×10 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with 0.1N NaOH (1×10 ml) and water (1×10 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was purified via radial chromatography (4:1 hexane-EtOAc) to give 1.04 g (60%) of hydroxybenzyl ester 143.
To a stirring 7 ml pyridine solution of ester 143 (840 mg, 1.34 mmol) and acetic anhydride (1.0 ml, 10.68 mmol) was added DMAP (40 mg, 0.67 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours and diluted with 80 ml EtOAc. The solution was washed successively with saturated CuSO4 (3×30ml), 1N HCl (1×30ml), saturated NaHCO3 (1×30ml) and brine (1×30ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to obtain 0.9 g (100%) of acetate 144, which was confirmed to be quite pure by spectral analysis. The acetate 144 is converted through the similar steps described above to obtain the amine 145.
Preparation of 2,3,4-tri-O-alkyl-β-D-xylopyranosylamine 147c,d,e The synthesis of these amines is shown in Scheme 40. To the stirring solution of triacetoxy-2-azidoxypyranosyl azide 146 (Acros Chemical Co.) in CH3OH at room temperature was added 1.1ml (1.06mmol) of 1.0M sodium methoxide in methanol . The reaction was stirred overnight and neutralized with 5x8-100 acid resin (~0.6g). The solution was filtered and concentrated. The obtained azidotriol 147a was directly used in the next step.
The crude triol 147a was dissolved in 15 ml DMF, and NaH (60% dispersion, 0.53 g, 13.28 mmol) was added in four portions over 15 minutes. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, allyl bromide (2.7 ml, 33.20 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred overnight. Saturated ammonium chloride (10ml) was added carefully, followed by 50ml of water. The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×30 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with water (4×30 ml) and brine (2×30 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was purified via radial chromatography (6:1 hexane-EtOAc) to give 753 mg (77%) of tri-On-allyl-2-azidoxylopyranose 147b.
Under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen, it was stirred with 150 mg of 10% Pd/C in 40 ml of EtOAc for 4 hours to reduce the resulting azide and allyl moieties. The resulting solution was filtered through a Celite_pad and evaporated to give the title amine 147c in quantitative yield.
The preparation of amine 147d is similar to 147c, but benzyl bromide is used in the alkylation step, and then the azide is reduced to the amine as described above.
Similarly hydrogenation of azide 146 with 10% Pd/C in EtOAc under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen gave amine 147e.
Preparation of 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-L-fucosylamine (148)
To a solution of 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-L-pyranosyl azide (Acros) (750 mg, 2.38 mmol) in 40 ml of EtOAc was added 120 mg of 10% Pd/C. The solution was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, and the pad was washed with EtOAc (25 ml). The solution was evaporated to give the desired amine 148 (688 mg, 100%).
Preparation of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose (149)To 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose (TCI-US) (300mg, 0.80mmol) in 25ml EtOAc was added 180mg 10% Pd/C. The solution was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, and the pad was washed with EtOAc (20 ml). The solution was evaporated to give the desired amine 149 (282 mg, 100%).
Preparation of benzyl and methyl 3-amino-tideoxy-L-arabinopyranoside 150a and 150bThese amines were synthesized by the method of L. Daley et al. "Synthetic Communications" 1998, 28, 61.
Preparation of Amine 153 The amine is prepared as shown in Scheme 41. Prepared as described in M. Shimano et al. "Tetrahedron" 1998, 54, 12745 [(3S, 7R, 8R, 9S)-7-benzyl-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-2,6-dioxo- [1,5] Dioxan-3-yl] tert-butyl carbamate (151). To a stirred solution of the ester (120 mg, 0.30 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml) was slowly added methacryloyl chloride (0.10 ml, 1.0 mmol) over 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight under N2 atmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (75ml) and 1N HCl (50ml). The organic layer was washed with water, then saturated NaCl, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to give a clear oil. The crude oil was purified by silica gel chromatography using 30% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to obtain the acylated intermediate 152 (138 mg) as a clear glass. Removal of the BOC group in this intermediate as described in the above reference gave the title amine 153.
Preparation of Antimycin A3 Aniline (154)
Pyridine (11 L) and PCl5 (27 mg, 0.13 mmol) were added to a stirred solution of antimycin A3 (25 mg, 0.048 mmol) in 2.5 ml of CH2Cl2 cooled to 0°C. The mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hours, then cooled to -30°C, methanol (2.5 ml) was added, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solution was poured into a mixture of 13 ml CH2Cl2 and 13 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate at 0°C. Shake the mixture in a separatory funnel and separate the layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×5ml), the combined organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to obtain antimycin A3 aniline.
General operation on the coupling of amine and o-hydroxy heteroaromatic carboxylic acid to produce heterocyclic aromatic amide 2 Coupling operation A: N-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2 -Preparation of formamide (233)A mixture of 3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1.39 g, 0.01 mol) in anhydrous THF (60 ml) stirred under argon was cooled to -20°C. A 20% phosgene toluene solution (5.1 g, 0.01 mol) was added to it at once, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 90 minutes while the temperature was slowly raised to 0°C. Then the reaction mixture was recooled to -20°C, and a solution of diisopropylethylamine (2.58g, 0.02mol) in THF (20ml) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred for another 2 hours, and the temperature rose slowly to 0°C. Continue stirring at 0°C overnight. To the stirring mixture, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylamine (1.56 g, 0.01 mol) was added all at once, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The mixture was diluted with ether (100ml), washed with 1N HCl (100ml), dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to give the title compound as an incomplete white solid (1.95g). Mass spectrometry showed that the expected 3:1 precursor ion ratio was m/e276 and 278.
Coupling operation B: Preparation of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-(4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide (425)
Add 3-benzyloxy-6 to the stirring solution of 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)aniline (0.20g, 0.8mmol) and DMAP (0.10g, 0.085mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10ml). -Bromo-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (3) (0.29g, 0.8mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then poured into 2N HCl (10 ml). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×10 ml). The organic layers were combined, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to obtain a gummy solid. This solid was dissolved in EtOAc (20 ml), and triethylamine (0.80 g, 0.8 mmol) and 5% palladium on carbon (0.10 g) were added. The resulting mixture was subjected to a hydrogen atmosphere (initial pressure = 50 psi) on a Parr shaker for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered, washed with 0.1N HCl (20ml), dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to give the title compound as an incomplete white solid (0.14g), mp=122-129°C.
Coupling operation C: Preparation of N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamideTo the stirring 3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid (as described above, obtained from 16 by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of Pd/C) (0.42g, 3mmol) and 4-cyclohexylaniline (0.35g, 2mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5ml) solution was continuously added 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.48g), EDCI (0.65g) and N-methylmorpholine (1.41g). Additional DMF (5 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into water (200ml) and then extracted with EtOAc (2x75ml). The organic extracts were combined, washed with water (100ml) and saturated NaCl solution (50ml), dried (MgSO4), and concentrated. The crude oil solidified after standing, and was purified by silica gel chromatography (4:1 petroleum ether-EtOAc) to obtain the title compound (0.42g) as a yellow-brown solid, mp 91-93°C.
Preparation of heterocyclic aromatic amide modified to other heterocyclic aromatic amide 4-hydroxythiophene-N-(3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl)-3-carboxamide (554)
According to the aforementioned general coupling operation C, 4-methoxythiophene carboxylic acid and 3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexylamine were coupled together to obtain 4-methoxythiophene-N-(3,3 ,5,5-Tetramethylcyclohexyl)-3-carboxamide.
A solution of 500 mg of the methoxythiophene amide in 15 ml of chloroform under a dry test tube was stirred in a dry ice-acetone bath for 5 minutes. To this solution was added dropwise a solution of 940 mg of boron tribromide (2 equivalents) in 10 ml of chloroform over 15 minutes. Stirring was continued while allowing the reaction mixture to warm to room temperature, then overnight. The reaction mixture was then placed in a cold water bath, and 15 ml of water was added dropwise. After stirring for 15 minutes, the mixture was diluted with 50 ml of CH2Cl2, and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was washed with 50 ml CH2Cl2. The combined organic extracts were washed with 25 ml of water and saturated saline solution, and dried. The extract was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using CH2Cl2-5% EtOAc as eluent to obtain 310 mg of the title compound as yellow-brown crystals, mp 170-174°C. The sample was recrystallized from petroleum ether-EtOAc to obtain yellow-brown needles, mp171-173°C.
Preparation of coupling intermediates 156a-d These intermediates were prepared as described in Scheme 42.
Add 3-benzyloxy-6-bromo-4-to the stirring solution of hydrochloric acid (±)-serine isopropyl ester (2.75g) and triethylamine (3.55g) in CH2Cl2 (75ml) over 5 minutes A solution of methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (3) (5.32g) in CH2Cl2 (15ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then poured into 1N HCl (75ml). The organic layer was separated, washed with water (25ml), dried (Na2SO4), and the solvent was evaporated to give a yellow gum (6.7g). This material can be recrystallized from ether/hexane to obtain 155a as a white solid with mp 100-103°C. A similar operation starting from the methyl ester of hydrochloric acid (±)-serine yielded the methyl ester intermediate 155b.
To the stirring CH2Cl2 (25ml) solution of 155a (1.17g), triethylamine (0.31g) and DMAP (0.06g) was added α-methylhydrocinnamyl chloride (0.46g) all at once. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours and then poured into 2N HCl (15 ml). The organic phase was separated, washed with 1N NaOH (15ml), dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated to give 156a as a yellow oil (1.45g). NMR (CDCl3) is consistent with the 1:1 mixture of diastereomers of the oil.
3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)butyryl chloride (3.55g) (by A. Wissner and CV Grudzinskas "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1978, 43, 3972 from the corresponding tert-butyl dimethyl methyl Silyl ester preparation) in CH2Cl2 (10ml) solution was quickly added to a cold (0°C) stirred solution of 155b (6.6g) and DMAP (0.18g) in anhydrous pyridine (25ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 15 minutes and then at room temperature for 3 hours. After diluting with ether (200 ml), the mixture was extracted with water (2×100 ml), dried (MgSO4), and the solvent was evaporated. Toluene (25 ml) was added to the residue, and the solvent was evaporated again. The yellow oily residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel, 7:3 hexane/acetone) to give 156b as a mixture of diastereomers.
To the stirring 2-benzyl-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propionic acid (7.36g) (NPPeet, NLLentz, MWDudley, AMLOgden, DEMcCarty and MMRacke "Journal of Medicinal Chemistry" 1993, 36, To the DMF (20ml) solution of 4015) was added tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (4.52g) all at once, and then imidazole (4.1g) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (300ml) and then extracted with pentane (3x100ml). The pentane phase was washed with water, dried (Na2SO4), and the solvent was evaporated to give a colorless oil (9.5 g). NMR (CDCl3) is consistent with the diastereomer mixture of the oil. The ester (4.1 g) was converted into the corresponding acid chloride by the method of NPPeete et al. "Journal of Organic Chemistry" 1978, 43, 3972. The ester (4.1g) and 155b (4.4g) were condensed as described above, and purified by silica gel chromatography (4:1 hexane/acetone) to obtain the desired 156c as a mixture of diastereomers.
To a stirred solution of 156c (4.5g) in methanol (35ml) was added concentrated HCl (1.5ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, diluted with water (200ml), and then extracted with CH2Cl2 (2x100ml). The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (7:3 hexane/acetone) to obtain 156d as a pale yellow gum (2.8g). NMR (CDCl3) showed that it was a mixture of diastereomers.
As mentioned above, 156a-d is converted into the corresponding deprotected heterocyclic aromatic amide by hydrogenation in the presence of Pd/C.
Preparation of Intermediate 158 The synthesis of this intermediate is shown in Scheme 43. According to general coupling procedure B, from (+)-trans-1 -hydroxy-2-aminocyclopentane hydrobromide (7.09g, 38.9mmol) and 3-benzyloxy-6 in CH2Cl2 (150ml) -Bromo-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (3) (13.8 g, 38.9 mmol) was used to prepare amide 157, which was purified by flash chromatography using 1:1 hexane-EtOAc as eluent. 157 (13.4 g) was obtained as a white solid, mp 56-57°C.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (7.4ml, 104.1mmol) was slowly added to the CH2Cl2 (100ml) solution of oxalyl chloride (4.54ml, 52.08mmol) at -78°C, and then amide 157 (10.46g, 24.8mmol) in CH2Cl2 was added (25ml) Solution. After 30 minutes, Et3N was added and the solution was slowly warmed to room temperature. The mixture was poured into saturated NH4Cl (100ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2x100ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using 1:1 EtOAc-hexane as eluent to obtain ketone 158 (9.64 g, 94%), which was confirmed to be pure by GC/MS and 1H-NMR.
As mentioned above, both 157 and 158 are converted into corresponding deprotected heterocyclic aromatic amides by hydrogenation in the presence of Pd/C.
The preparation of intermediates 160a-d is as in Scheme 44 to prepare these intermediates. According to general coupling operation C, serinol was coupled with 3-benzyloxy-6-bromo-4-methoxypicolinic acid (16) to obtain 1,3-diol 159 as a colorless oil, 1H , 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy proved to be pure.
In the Dean Stark equipment, in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.1mmol), reflux in toluene (20ml/mmol) to make 1,3-diol 159 (1mmol) and an appropriate carbonyl compound (2mmol) or the corresponding dimethylacetal (2mmol) condensation.
Thus, the condensation of 159 with 1,3,3-trimethoxypropane yields acetal 160a, which is a 2:1 mixture of cis and trans diastereomers. Mass spectrum (ES) showed that [M+] at (m/e) 495 and 497. 1H, 13C-NMR and IR spectra were consistent with structure 160a.
The condensation of 159 with 2-methyl-3-(4-tert-butyl)phenylacetone gives acetal 160b, which is a 3:1 mixture of cis and trans diastereomers. Mass spectrum (ES) showed that [M+] was at (m/e) 597. 1H, 13C-NMR and IR spectra were consistent with structure 160b.
The condensation of 159 with dihydro-β-ionone gives acetal 160c, which is a 2:1 mixture of cis and trans diastereomers. Mass spectrometry (ES) showed that [M+] was at (m/e) 587. 1H, 13C-NMR and IR spectra were consistent with structure 160c.
The condensation of 159 with 3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexanone gave the acetal 160d, and the 1H, 13C-NMR and IR spectra proved to be consistent.
As mentioned above, the intermediates 160a-d are converted into corresponding deprotected heterocyclic aromatic amides by hydrogenation in the presence of Pd/C.
Preparation of Compounds 280 and 281 Scheme 45 describes the preparation of these compounds. Therefore, first use standard coupling operation C to couple 2,3,6,6-tetramethyl-2-cycloheptenylamine and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-picolinic acid to obtain intermediatebody161. The dichlorination of compound 161 was carried out according to the operation of "Tetrahedron Letters" 1991, 32, 1831-1834, and the dichloro derivative 281 was obtained. The standard m-CPBA oxidation of 161 was performed in CH2Cl2 to obtain the N-oxide-containing epoxy analog 162, which was treated with H2 (45psi) and 10% Pd/C under standard catalytic hydrogenation conditions to produce compound 280.
Preparation of trans-4-hydroxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyridine amide (264) The compound was prepared as shown in Scheme 46. To a stirred solution of keto-pyridine amide 266 (56 mg, 0.18 mmol) in 2 ml of methanol was added sodium borohydride (20 mg, 0.53 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 5 hours and the methanol was evaporated. The crude material was diluted with 5 ml water and extracted with EtOAc (3×5 ml). The organic layer was washed with water (1×5 ml) and brine (1×5 ml). The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The results of NMR and GC analysis are consistent with the title compound 264, with trans stereochemistry and a purity of 95%.
Preparation of Compound 341 The preparation of this compound is as described in Scheme 47. The benzyl ester precursor 139 (Scheme 38) (33 mg, 0.046 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml EtOAc, and 110 mg Pearlman catalyst was added. The mixture was shaken under 50 psi hydrogen pressure for 12 hours in the Parr apparatus. The solution was then filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was dissolved in a small amount of ether, and petroleum ether was added until a precipitate formed. The solid was collected by filtration and dried to obtain the title compound 341.
Preparation of N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-pyridylcarbonyl)-2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose (334)Use standard coupling operation C to make 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose (151) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy Picolinic acid is coupled together. To a 6 ml methanol solution of the obtained pyridine amide (0.19 g, 0.38 mmol) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.92 mmol, 40 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Add DOWEX_5×8-100 acid resin (0.5g) to neutralize the solution. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to obtain the title compound (110 mg, 88%).
General preparation of exocyclic ester 166a, carbamate 166b and carbonate 166c. These compounds are generally prepared as described in Scheme 48, starting with amine 164, following the procedure of M. Shimano et al. "Tetrahedron" 1998, 54, 12745. According to the aforementioned standard coupling operation C, the amine was coupled with 3-benzyloxy-6-bromo-4-methoxypicolinic acid 16, and then the resulting intermediate 165 was combined with an appropriate carboxylic acid chloride in the presence of a base. The alkyl isocyanate or alkyl chloroformate reacts to obtain the desired protected ester 166a, carbamate 166b and carbonate 166c, respectively. Deprotect these compounds with H2 in the presence of Pd/C according to the aforementioned operations to obtain the desired esters, carbamates and carbonates. The above steps are also used to prepare other similar esters, carbamates and carbonates.
Preparation of 166a To a stirred solution of 165 (180mg, 0.29mmol) in pyridine (10ml) was slowly added cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (0.45ml, 5mmol) over 5 minutes. The mixture was stirred overnight under N2 atmosphere at room temperature. The resulting mixture was poured into 1N HCl (30ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2x75ml). The organic layers were combined, washed with water (25ml), then saturated NaCl (25ml), dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to give an orange oil. The crude oil was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 30% to 50% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give the title compound 166a (100 mg) as a clear oil.
Preparation of 166b To a stirred solution of 165 (200mg, 0.33mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5ml) was added triethylamine (2 drops), DMAP (1mg) and isopropyl isocyanate (0.2ml, 2mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into 1N HCl (25ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2x50ml). The organic layers were combined, washed with water, then saturated NaCl, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to obtain a pink foam. The crude foam was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of hexane containing 30% to 50% EtOAc as the eluent to obtain the title compound 166b (90 mg) as a white solid.
Preparation of 166c A stirred solution of 165 (180mg, 0.29mmol) in pyridine (5ml) and CH2Cl2 (5ml) was cooled to 0°C in an ice bath under a nitrogen atmosphere. Isopropyl chloroformate (1M toluene solution, 5ml) was slowly added to the cooled mixture over 1 minute. The ice bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between 1N HCl (25ml) and EtOAc (75ml). The organic layer was washed with water, then saturated NaCl, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to give a clear oil. The crude oil was purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 30% to 50% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give the title compound 166c (80 mg) as a clear oil.
Preparation of intermediates 167 and 168. The diastereomer mixture of amine 53 (Scheme 9) obtained as described above was coupled with acid chloride 3 via the aforementioned general coupling operation A (Scheme 49) to obtain diastereomers 167 and A mixture of 168. They were separated by careful silica gel chromatography (85:15 hexane/acetone) to obtain pure 167 and 168, each with a yield of about 35%. Use H2 to protect them in the presence of Pd/C as described above.
Table I illustrates additional compounds of formula I prepared from appropriate starting materials by the procedures described above.
The utility of fungicides. It has been found that the compounds of the present invention can control fungi, especially plant pathogens and wood-corrosive fungi. When used for the treatment of plant fungal diseases, the compound is applied to the plant in a disease-inhibiting and botanically acceptable amount. Application can be carried out before and/or after the plant is infected by the fungus. It can also be applied by treating plant seeds, the soil on which the plants grow, paddy fields for sowing or irrigation water. Other application methods can be carried out via wood treatment to control damage to wood and/or wood products.
The term "disease inhibiting and botanically acceptable amount" as used herein refers to the amount of the compound of the present invention that kills or inhibits plant pathogens and prevents, eradicates or prevents plant diseases to be controlled, but is not significantly toxic to the plant. Such amount will generally be from about 1 to 1000 ppm, with 10 to 500 ppm being preferred. The exact concentration of the compound required will vary depending on the fungal disease to be controlled, the type of formulation used, the method of application, the specific plant species, climatic conditions, and other factors. A suitable application rate is usually in the range of about 50 to about 1000 grams per hectare (g/Ha).
The compounds of the present invention can also be used to protect stored grains and other non-plant parts from infection by fungi.
The following experiments were carried out in the laboratory to determine the fungicidal efficacy of the compounds of the present invention.
Biological evaluation of fungal growth inhibition in vitro Culture conditions: Magnaporthegrisea (Pyricularia oryzae-PYRIOR), Rhizoctoniasolani (RHIZSO), Mycosphaerella were prepared in sterile potato dextrose broth (Difco) graminicola (Septoria tritici-SEPTTR), Stagonospora nodorum (Leptosphaeria nodorum-LEPTNO), Ustilagomaydis (USTIMA) fungal meristem or mycelial fragment suspension, in rye Phytophthora spreading (Phytophthora Infestans) (PHYTIN) fungal meristem roe deer or a suspension of mycelial fragments. The suspension was pipetted into a sterile 96-well microtiter plate containing a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the experimental fungicide sample. The concentration of the fungicide varies from 0.001 to 100 ppm, and the final solvent concentration does not exceed 1% of the medium. The fungus was grown at 24 to 30°C for different time intervals, until the growth of the fungus became turbid in the control wells containing only the solvent. At this time, the growth inhibition effect of each well was determined by visual observation, and the growth inhibition percentage relative to the solvent treatment control was determined.
In Table II, "+" means that the test material produces at least 80% growth inhibitory effect, and "-" means that it produces less than 80% growth inhibitory effect on the specified pathogen. At this time, the concentration incorporated into the growth medium is 25 ppm. A space indicates that no test has been made.
Biological evaluation of plant fungal infection control in vivo: Industrial raw materials are dissolved in acetone, and then serially diluted in acetone to the required concentration to prepare compound preparations. Depending on the pathogen, add 9 volumes of 0.05% aqueous Tween-20 or 0.01% Triton X-100 to obtain the final treatment volume.
Grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola-PLASVI) (24-hour protectant): Seeds grow into cultivar Carignane in a soilless peat canned mixture ("Metromix") until the seedling height is 10 -20cm. These plants were then sprayed with test compounds at a ratio of 100 ppm. After 24 hours, the test plants were sprayed with an aqueous sporangia suspension of Trichoderma viticola for inoculation, and kept in the open room overnight. The plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants.
Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora infestans-PHYTIN) (24-hour protectant): Seeds grow into cultivar Rutgers in a soilless peat canned mixture ("Metromix") until the seedling height is 10- 20cm. These plants were then sprayed with test compounds at a ratio of 100 ppm. After 24 hours, the test plants were sprayed with an aqueous sporangia suspension of Phytophthora for inoculation, and kept in the open room overnight. The plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants.
Wheat leaf rust fungus (Puccinia recondita-PUCCRT) (24-hour protectant): Seeds grow into wheat (cultivar Yuma) in a soilless peat canned mixture ("Metromix") until the seedling height is 10 -20cm. These plants were then sprayed with test compounds at a ratio of 100 ppm. After 24 hours, the test plants were sprayed with an aqueous sporangia suspension of Puccinia cryptica for inoculation, and kept in the open room overnight. The plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants.
Wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis-ERYSGT) (24-hour protectant): Seeds grow into wheat (cultivar Monon) in a soilless peat canned mixture ("Metromix") until the seedling height is 10-20cm . These plants were then sprayed with test compounds at a rate of 100 rpm. After 24 hours, the test plants were sprinkled with powdery mildew meristem roe deer for inoculation, and the wheat plants were infected. The plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants.
Wheat leaf spot blight (Septoria tritici-SEPTTR) (24-hour protectant): Seeds grow into wheat (cultivar Yuma) in a soilless peat canned mixture ("Metromix") until the seedling height 10-20cm. These plants were then sprayed with test compounds at a ratio of 100 ppm. After 24 hours, the test plants were sprayed with an aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici (Septoria tritici) for inoculation, and kept in the open room overnight. The plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants.
Leptosphaeria nodorum-LEPTNO (24-hour protectant): The seeds are grown into wheat (cultivar Yuma) in a soilless peat canned mixture ("Metromix") until the seedling height is 10-20 cm. These plants were then sprayed with test compounds at a ratio of 100 ppm. After 24 hours, the test plants were sprayed with an aqueous spore suspension of Leptosphaerianodorum for inoculation, and kept in the open room overnight. The plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants.
In Table II, for the specified pathogens, compared with untreated plants, "++" means that the test material produces at least 75-100% fungal infection control effect, and "+" means that the test material produces 25%. -74% fungal infection control effect, "-" means <25% fungal infection control effect, the concentration is 100ppm. A space indicates that no test has been made.
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Table I: The composition of the C12-C14α-olefin mixture used
Table II: Composition of C13-C15 alcohol mixture after hydrogenation and distillation
Example 2 (Comparative Example) C13-C15 alcohol obtained by cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation of C12-C14 olefin mixture and subsequent hydrogenation The C12-C14α-olefin mixture with the composition shown in Table I obtained from Example 1 is used as an example 1. Carry out hydroformylation in the manner described in 1. Different from Example 1, instead of the rhodium catalyst and the polyethyleneimine ligand, the hydroformylation catalyst used was dicobalt octacarbonyl without any other ligands, and the amount of cobalt was 2 g based on the contents of the 1000 g reactor. In order to use the same olefin feed to obtain an olefin conversion rate of 98-99% (as in Example 1), the reactor temperature in the two reactors is required to be 140°C. The selectivity (aldehyde + alcohol) is 94%, the paraffin selectivity is 3%, and the selectivity to obtain higher boiling point aldehyde condensation products is 3%. Once the pressure in the reactor is released, the effluent is treated with aqueous acetic acid while introducing atmospheric oxygen until the cobalt carbonyl is oxidized to obtain cobalt acetate. The cobalt-containing aqueous phase was separated in a phase separator and the organic phase was hydrogenated and distilled as described in Example 1. Table III shows the composition of the C13-C15 alcohol mixture.
Table II
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Preferably, the compound of the present invention is applied in the form of a composition comprising one or more compounds of formula I and a botanically acceptable carrier. The composition is a concentrated formulation dispersed in water or another application liquid, or a powder or granular formulation that can be applied without further treatment. The composition is prepared according to conventional operations in the field of agricultural chemistry, but due to the presence of the compound of the present invention, these operations are novel and important. Give some instructions on the formulation of the composition to ensure that the agricultural chemist can easily prepare the desired composition.
The most common use of compound dispersions is an aqueous suspension or emulsion prepared from a concentrated formulation of the compound. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable or emulsifiable preparations are solid, usually known as wettable powders, or liquid, usually known as emulsifiable concentrates or aqueous suspensions. The present invention encompasses all excipients that can be formulated as fungicides with the compounds of the present invention. As is easily recognized, any materials to which these compounds can be added can be used as long as they produce the desired utility without significantly interfering with the activity of the compounds of the present invention as fungicides.
Wettable powders can be compressed into water-dispersible granules, containing an intimate mixture of active compounds, an inert carrier and a surfactant. The concentration of the active compound is generally from about 10% to about 90% w/w, more preferably from about 25% to about 75% w/w. When preparing a wettable powder composition, toxic products can be mixed with any finely pulverized solids, such as blue rock, talc, chalk, gypsum, fuller's earth, bentonite, lint, starch, casein, gluten, montmorillonite Stone clay, diatomaceous earth, pure silicate, etc. In such an operation, the finely pulverized carrier and the toxic product are ground or mixed in a volatile organic solvent. Effective surfactants account for about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder, including sulfonated lignin, naphthalene sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, and non-ionic surfactants, such as Ethylene oxide adducts of alkylphenols.
The emulsifiable concentrate of the compound of the present invention contains a suitable concentration in a suitable liquid, for example, from about 10% to about 50% w/w. The compound is dissolved in an inert carrier, which is a water-miscible solvent or a mixture of a water-immiscible organic solvent and an emulsifier. The concentrate can be diluted with water and oil to form a spray mixture in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. Useful organic solvents include aromatic compounds, especially the high-boiling naphthalene and olefinic parts of petroleum, such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents, such as terpene solvents, including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones, such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols, such as 2-ethoxyethanol, can also be used.
Those skilled in the art can easily determine the emulsifiers that can be advantageously used here, including various nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers, or a blend of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers that can be used to prepare emulsifiable concentrates include polyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of alkyl and aryl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or fatty acids, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, For example, ethoxylated alkylphenols, and carboxylic acid esters solubilized with polyols or polyoxyalkylenes. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include oil soluble salts of alkyl aryl sulfonic acids (for example, calcium salts), oil soluble salts of sulfated polyethylene glycol ethers, and appropriate salts of phosphorylated polyethylene glycol ethers.
Representative organic liquids that can be used to prepare the emulsifiable concentrate of the present invention are aromatic liquids, such as xylene, propylbenzene fraction or mixed naphthalene fraction, mineral oil, substituted aromatic organic liquids, such as dioctyl o- Dialkyl amides of phthalic acid esters, kerosene and various fatty acids; especially dimethyl amides of aliphatic diethylene glycol and diethylene glycol derivatives, such as n-butyl ether, ethyl ether or methyl ether of diethylene glycol Base ether and methyl ether of triethylene glycol. It is often suitable to use a mixture of two or more organic liquids when preparing emulsifiable concentrates. The preferred organic liquids are xylene and propylbenzene fractions, with xylene being the most preferred. A surface active dispersant is usually used in the liquid composition, and the amount accounts for 0.1 to 20% of the total weight of the dispersant and the active compound. The active composition may also contain other compatible additives, such as plant growth regulators and other biologically active agricultural compounds.
The aqueous suspension comprises a suspension of the water-insoluble compound of the present invention dispersed in an aqueous excipient at a concentration in the range of about 5% to about 50% w/w. The suspension is prepared by finely grinding the compound and vigorously mixing in an excipient consisting of water and a surfactant, the surfactant being selected from the types discussed above. Inert ingredients such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums can also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous excipients. It is often most effective to prepare and homogenize the aqueous mixture in a tool, such as a sand mill, ball mill, or piston-type homogenizer, while simultaneously grinding and mixing the compound.
It is also possible to apply the compound in the form of a granular composition, which is particularly useful for application to the soil. The granular composition usually contains from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the compound dispersed in an inert carrier, which is completely or mostly composed of coarsely pulverized lime wool, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, clay or similar inexpensive substances. Such compositions are usually prepared by dissolving the compound in a suitable solvent and coating it on a granular carrier preformed to a suitable particle size, with a particle size in the range of about 0.5 to about 3 mm. Such compositions can also be formulated in such a way that a dough or paste of the carrier and the compound is prepared, crushed, and dried to obtain the desired particles.
The powder containing the compound is simply prepared by closely mixing the compound in powder form with a suitable powdered agricultural carrier, such as kaolin, ground volcanic rock, and the like. The powder may suitably contain about 1% to about 10% w/w of the compound.
The active composition may contain co-surfactants to enhance the deposition, wetting and penetration of the composition on the target crops and organisms. These co-surfactants can optionally be used as components of formulations or canned mixtures. Based on the spray volume of water, the amount of co-surfactant will vary from 0.01% to 1.0% v/v, preferably 0.05 to 0.5%. Suitable co-surfactants include ethoxylated nonylphenol, ethoxylated synthetic or natural alcohols, salts of sulfosuccinates, ethoxylated organosilicon compounds, ethoxylated fatty amines and surfactants Blend with mineral oil or vegetable oil.
The composition may optionally include a combination of fungicides comprising at least 1% of one or more compounds of the invention and another insecticidal compound. Such additional insecticidal compounds can be fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, arthropodicides, fungicides, or combinations thereof, which are combined with the compounds of the present invention in a medium selected for application. It is compatible and not antagonistic to the activity of the compounds of the present invention. Therefore, in such embodiments, other insecticidal compounds are used as supplementary poisons for the same or different insecticidal purposes. The ratio of the compound in the composition can generally be from 1:100 to 100:1.
The present invention includes within its scope methods for controlling or preventing fungal infestation. These methods include applying fungicidal amounts of one or more compounds or compositions of the present invention to the fungal site or the site to be prevented from infection (for example, application to cereals or grape plants). The compound is suitable for treating various plants at the fungicidal level, and has low phytotoxicity. The compounds can be protected or eradicated. The compound of the present invention is applied according to any of a variety of known techniques, either as a compound or a composition including the compound. For example, the compound can be applied to the roots, seeds or leaves of plants to control various fungi without compromising the commercial value of the plants. The application takes any commonly used formulation types, such as solutions, powders, wettable powders, flowable concentrates or emulsifiable concentrates. These formulations are suitably administered in various known modes.
It has been found that the compounds of the present invention have significant fungicidal effects and are particularly useful for agricultural applications. Many compounds are particularly effective for agricultural crops and horticultural plants or wood, paint, leather or carpet underlays.
Specifically, the compounds effectively control various undesirable fungi, which infect useful plant crops. The activity against various fungi has been demonstrated, including the following representative fungal species: grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola-PLASVI), tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans-PHYTIN) , Apple spot fungus (Venturia inaequalis-VENTIN), wheat leaf rust fungus (Puccinia recondita-PUCCRT), wheat stalk rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis)-PUCCST ), Pyricularia oryzae-PYRIOR, Cercospora beticola (Cercospora beticola-CERCBE), Wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis-ERYSGT), Wheat leaf spot Pathogens (Septoria tritici-SEPTTR), Sheath Fusarium oxysporum (Rhizoctonia solani-RHIZSO), Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides-PSDCHE), brown blight of peach tree (Monilinia fructicola-MONIFC) and Leptosphaeria nodorum-LEPTNO. It will be self-evident to the art that the efficacy of the compound of the present invention against the above-mentioned fungi establishes the general utility of the compound as a fungicide.
The compounds of the present invention have broad-spectrum efficacy as fungicides. The precise amount of the active substance depends not only on the specific active substance used, but also on the specific action required, the fungal species to be controlled and its growth stage, and the part of the plant or other product that is in contact with the toxic active ingredient. Therefore, all the active ingredients of the compound of the present invention and the composition containing the compound may not be equally effective at similar concentrations or against the same fungal species. The compounds and compositions of the present invention are effective against plants in a disease-inhibiting and botanically acceptable amount.
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| USRE39991E | United States of America | E | |
| EP1204643B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT397590T | Austria | T |
4 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Termination of patent right or utility modelEXPY | EXPY | |
| Grant of patent or utility modelGrantedC14 | C14 | |
| Entry into substantive examinationC10 | C10 | |
| PublicationC06 | C06 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 1208321
- Publication, DOCDB
- 1208321
- Publication, EPODOC
- CN1208321C
- Application
- 8120862
- Application, DOCDB
- 00812086
- Application, EPODOC
- CN20008002086
Titles3
- Chinese
- 杀真菌的杂环芳族酰胺和它们的组合物、使用方法和制备
- English
- Fungicidal heterocyclic aromatic amides and their compositions, methods of use and preparation
- Chinese
- 杀真菌的杂环芳族酰胺和 它们的组合物、使用方法和制备
Classification
- CPC, 14
- C07D213/81
- A01N43/40
- A61K31/381
- C07D213/82
- C07D239/28
- C07D241/24
- C07D249/10
- C07D285/01
- C07D401/12
- C07D405/12
- C07D405/14
- C07D409/12
- C07D493/08
- C07D495/08
- IPC, 28
- C07D253 06
- A01N43 24
- A01N43 40
- A61K31 381
- C07D213 81
- C07D213 82
- C07D231 20
- C07D239 28
- C07D239 36
- C07D241 24
- C07D241 44
- C07D249 10
- C07D261 18
- C07D277 34
- C07D285 00
- C07D285 01
- C07D285 10
- C07D333 38
- C07D401 12
- C07D405 12
- C07D405 14
- C07D409 12
- C07D413 12
- C07D417 12
- C07D493 08
- C07D495 08
- C07H13 10
- C07H23 00