Method and apparatus for efficient precoding information validation for mimo communications

Method and apparatus for signaling control information in MIMO mode BACKGROUND

[001] The third generation partnership project 3GPP and 3GPP2 are considering long-term LTE evolution for network architecture and radio interfaces. There is an ever-increasing demand on wireless operators to provide better quality voice services and high-speed data. As a result, wireless communication systems that enable higher data speeds and higher capacities are in dire need.

[002] To achieve this, it is becoming increasingly popular to use systems with multiple antennas in wireless communication networks to take advantage of increased channel capacity, spectrum efficiency, system yields, peak data speeds and / or link reliability. These systems with multiple antennas are generically referred to as multiple reception and multiple transmission (MIMO) systems, but they can also include multiple reception and single transmission (MISO) and single reception and multiple transmission (SIMO) configurations.

[003] Efficient signaling is essential for access via evolved universal terrestrial radio (E-UTRA). A low-header control signaling scheme can improve the performance of MIMO links, system capacity, system yields, information data speeds and increased spectrum efficiency.

[004] MIMO systems promise high spectrum efficiency and have been proposed in many wireless communication standards. Much research is also currently underway on pre-coding for space-multiplexed or space-time coded MIMO systems. Pre-coding is a method used to provide greater gains in diversity and / or set.

[005] Pre-encoding information needs to be communicated by a transmitter (such as a base station) to a receiver (such as a wireless transmission and reception unit (WTRU)), to avoid mismatched channels between transmission and the reception of signals. This is particularly important for demodulating MIMO data when using pre-coding. When a receiver uses incorrect channel responses for data detection, degradation can occur

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2/40 significant performance.

[006] Generally, pre-coding information can be communicated using explicit control signaling, particularly when the transmitter and receiver are restricted to the use of limited sets of antenna weights and pre-coding coefficients. Limited sets of antenna weights and coefficients are sometimes referred to as pre-coding codebooks. Explicit signaling to communicate pre-coding information from a transmitter to a receiver can generate a large signaling header, particularly for a large code book. This signaling header is extended by using selective frequency pre-coding.

[007] The validation and verification of antenna weights or pre-coding matrices is used to avoid the mismatch of effective channels between a transmitter and a receiver. An effective channel between a base station and a mobile phone is a channel that experiences a MIMO pre-coding effect and is the multiplication of an H channel matrix and a V pre-coding matrix used in an evolved Node B (eNode B ) or a transmitter. Lack of matching of the effective channel between the transmitter and the receiver causes severe performance degradation for MIMO communication systems.

[008] Figure IA shows a pre-coding matrix or antenna weight signaling scheme. In a schematic as shown in Figure 1, a wireless transmission and reception unit (WTRU) 111 feeds back preset matrix indexes (PMIs) or antenna weights to a base station or a B 113 eNode. Suppose the WTRU feeds back PMIJ (containing Y bits) 115 for eNode B 113. To inform WTRU 111 of the current pre-coding matrix used in eNode B 113, eNode B sends a PMI_k (Y bits) 117 validation message to WTRU 111. In case of feedback or overlap error, PMIJ is not the same the PMI_k. In the case of absence of feedback errors and overlapping eNós B, PMIJ = PMI_k. The validation message can be sent in several ways, such as through control signaling or reference signal.

[009] In some systems such as Broadband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), there is only one PMI that needs to be signaled from the transmitter

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3/40 for the receiver and vice versa. The signals are transmitted in the time domain, using diffusion code. Signaling the exact isolated PMI (Y bits) to the receiver does not incur much header, as long as the Y value is reasonable. In some systems such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, where the frequency domain is additional to the time domain, however, there may be several PMIs that need to be fed back by the WTRU and sent by eNode B for validation, to support selective frequency pre-coding. Selective pre-coding of frequencies performs pre-coding of MIMO by sub-band within the bandwidth of the system. The entire bandwidth of the system can be divided into several sub-bands. Each sub-range consists of one or more sub-carriers. A pre-coding matrix is ​​used to pre-code data transmitted by sub-range. In an extreme case, pre-coding can be performed by a subcarrier if a subrange consists of only one subcarrier. If several PMIs need to be signaled to the receiver, the signaling header can be significant. If there are Z PMIs for signaling and each PMI has Y bits, for example, the total header is Z x Y bits. If Z or Y are large, the signal header is significant.

[0010] The expressions pre-coding matrix and pre-coding vector are interchangeable and depend on the number of data streams to be previously coded.

[0011] Each PMI is represented by L bits, where the value of L depends on MIMO settings, code book sizes and number of data streams to be sustained. WTRUs are allocated communications resources. A resource block (RB) consists of M (such as twelve) subcarriers. A resource block group (RBG) or sub-band consists of N resource blocks (N_RB); for example, N_RB = 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 25 or the entire bandwidth. A system bandwidth can contain one or more RBGs or subbands, depending on the size of the bandwidth and the value of N_RB per RBG. The number of RBGs per system bandwidth, N_RBG, can be, for example, one, two, four, ten, twenty or fifty. Generally, RBG and subband terminology is interchangeable.

[0012] The WTRU feeds back a PMI for each RBG that is configured or

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4/40 selected by the WTRU for reporting. Among the RBGs for a given bandwidth, N RBGs, where N N_RBG, can be configured or selected by a WTRU. If N RBGs are configured or selected by a WTRU to report pre-coding information, the WTRU feeds back N PMIs to eNode B. eNode B sends the pre-coding validation message that comprises N PMIs back to the WTRU.

[0013] To inform the WTRU of the current PMIs used in eNode B, eNode B sends N PMIs back to the WTRU. The total number of bits that eNode B sends to the WTRU per PMI validation message is N_PMI x N bits.

[0014] Table 1 shows the number of bits per PMI validation message considering N_PMI = 5 bits. The numbers are summarized for system bandwidth of 5, 10 and 20 MHz. The second row is N_RB, the number of RBs per RBG. N_RB varies, for example, from 2 to 100 to 20 MHz. The third row is N_RBG per system bandwidth, that is, the number of RBGs per system bandwidth of 5, 10 or 20 MHz, and the value of N_RBG ranges from one to fifty. The fourth row is the total number of bits for signaling PMI validation per validation message or concession channel.

Table 1

<td></td><td colspan="4">5 MHz 300 (subcarriers)</td><td colspan="5">10 MHz 600 (subcarriers)</td><td colspan="6">20 MHz 1200 (subcarriers)</td>

<td>N_RBG by RBG</td><td> 2</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td><td> 25</td><td> 2</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td><td> 25</td><td> 50</td><td> 2</td><td> 5</td><td> 10</td><td> 25</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td>

<td>N_RBG per track</td><td> 13</td><td> 5</td><td> 3</td><td> 1</td><td> 25</td><td> 10</td><td> 5</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 50</td><td> 20</td><td> 10</td><td> 4</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td>

<td>Total number of bits for PMI signaling per message</td><td> 65</td><td> 25</td><td> 15</td><td> 5</td><td> 125</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 10</td><td> 5</td><td> 250</td><td> 100</td><td> 50</td><td> 20</td><td> 10</td><td> 5</td>

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<td>validation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td colspan="15">Consider twelve subcarriers per RB. N_RB: number of resource blocks. N_RBG: number of frequency blocks per pre-coding control unit to which the assigned RBs belong. N_PMI: number of bits to represent a PMI. Total number of bits per PMI validation message = N_RBG x N_PMI.</td>

[0015] This validation of antenna weight or pre-coding matrix, referred to below as pre-coding information validation or ΡΜΓ validation, may require 250 or more bits per validation message. This scheme is therefore inefficient. The Sansung document on 3GPP Signaling for SUMIMO downlink support, Rl-070947 describes a method for PMI validation.

[0016] It would therefore be desirable to provide a method and apparatus for reducing the signaling header for PMI validation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0017] A method and apparatus for validating efficient pre-coding information in a MIMO wireless communication is described.

[0018] A wireless transmission and reception unit (WTRU) transmits one or more pre-encoding information or pre-encoding matrix indexes (PMIs) to an eNode B. In response, the WTRU receives a message from eNode B validation indicator (a PMI indicator) that includes a pre-coding confirmation message that indicates whether or not there is a match with the pre-coding information reported by the WTRU. If there is a coincidence between the pre-coding information, that is, the pre-coding information is identical, a pre-coding validation message that includes a pre-coding confirmation message is received by the eNode B WTRU to confirm that the pre-coding information used in eNode B is the same pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU.

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If, however, there is a mismatch or the pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU is overlaid by eNode B, the WTRU receives a validation message that includes a pre-coding indication and confirmation message from eNode B to indicate that the eNode B does not use the pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU. The WTRU can also receive a validation message that includes a pre-coding indication message from eNode B to indicate the pre-coding information being used in eNode B. Pre-coding validation using a confirmation message from Pre-coding is used to reduce the signaling header.

[0019] eNode B sends a pre-coding confirmation message to a WTRU. The pre-coding confirmation message can be driven by a PMI indicator that indicates the status of the downlink pre-coding (DL) validation. The PMI indicator may be a bit or a sequence of bits representing the pre-coding confirmation status or one or more pre-coding information states for the pre-coding validation corresponding to the WTRU pre-coding feedback.

[0020] The PMI validation message or indicator using pre-code confirmation can consist of one or more bits. The PMI indicator helps to indicate the pre-coding information and the status used and, therefore, helps in reducing the header and increases efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0021] A more detailed understanding of the present invention can be obtained from the following description of a preferred embodiment, provided as an example and to be understood together with the attached figures, in which:

figure IA illustrates a pre-coding matrix or antenna weight signaling scheme;

figure 1B shows an example block diagram of a transmitter and receiver configured to implement a pre-coding matrix transmission;

- figure 2 illustrates a first realization of a signaling scheme (isolated PMI validation for a single PMI feedback);

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figure 3A illustrates a second realization of a signaling scheme for checking antenna weights or pre-coding matrix (validation of several PMIs for feedback from several PMIs);

figure 3B illustrates another realization of a signaling scheme for validating isolated PMI for feedback from several PMIs;

figures 4 to 8 illustrate various PMI validation message schemes;

figure 9 shows a control signaling scheme with an attached PMI validation signal;

figure 10 illustrates a control signaling scheme with a PMI validation signal inserted; and

- figure 11 shows a wireless communication system with several B Nodes in communication with several WTRUs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] When indicated below, the WTRU terminology includes, but is not limited to, a Wireless Transmission and Reception Unit (WTRU), mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, pager, cell phone, personal digital assistant ( PDA), computer or any other type of user device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When indicated below, eNode B terminology includes, but is not limited to, a Node B, base station, location controller, access point (AP) or any other type of interface device capable of operating in a wireless environment .

[0023] The terminology indicador indicator is used to refer to an indicator that responds to the feedback signal from the validation status of antenna weights, PMI, beam-forming weights, etc. or corresponding to it. The PMI indicator can carry a pre-coding confirmation message, pre-coding indication message, another message relating to pre-coding or a combination thereof. The pre-coding indication message may be a pre-coding information indication message, evaluation overlay message, feedback error message etc., depending on the status of the pre-coding validation, and may indicate evaluation information or other information regarding pre-coding.

[0024] The methods described below provide an E-UTRA scheme for weight of

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8/40 antenna, beam formation information, pre-coding or validation information and PMI pre-coding matrix indication signaling.

[0025] Figure 1B is a functional block diagram of a transmitter 110 and a receiver 120 configured to perform a method of indicating pre-coding matrices as described below. In addition to the components included in a typical transmitter / receiver, transmitter 110 comprises a pre-coding information determiner 114, a pre-coding processor 116, a set of antennas 118, a pre-coding validation message generator 136 comprising a precoding confirmation message block 132 and a precoding indication message block 134. The pre-coding information determinator 114 is used to determine pre-coding information based on the pre-coding feedback received from the pre-coding information generator 124 of the receiver 120. The output of the pre-coding information determiner 114 is used by the pre-coding processor 116 and transmitter 110 when outputting a data transmission, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, to the receiver 120. The generator of pre-coding validation messages 136 is used to generate the validation message based on the output of the pre-coding information determiner 114. The pre-coding validation message generator 136 uses the pre-coding feedback signal received from the pre-coding information generator 124 and the pre-coding information generated by the pre-coding information determiner 114 to determine the status of pre-coding validation and generate the corresponding validation message. If there is a coincidence between pre-coding information generated by the pre-coding information determiner 114 and the pre-coding information generator 124, for example, a validation message is sent that includes a pre-coding confirmation message. otherwise, a validation message is sent which includes a pre-coding indication message.

The receiver 120 comprises a receiver 128, a pre-coding information generator 124, a channel estimation device 130, a demodulator / processor 126 and a pre-coding validation message for the

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9/40 pre-coding information converter 138. Receiver 120 receives an OFDM block emitted by transmitter 110, performs channel estimation by channel estimation device 130 and generates pre-coding information using the pre-information generator -coding 124 which are then sent via antennas 127. Receiver 120 also receives the pre-coding validation message from the pre-coding validation message generator 136, detects and decodes the pre-coding validation message and translates the pre-coding validation message to pre-coding information using the pre-coding validation message for the pre-coding information converter 138. The pre-coding information in the pre-coding validation message output to the pre-coding information converter 138 is fed to the demodulator / processor 126 for detection, decoding and processing of MIMO data.

[0027] It should be noted that the transmitter 110 can be located in a WTRU, a base station or both and the receiver 120 can be located in the WTRU, the base station or both.

[0028] A validation message or PMI indicator that uses pre-coding confirmation can consist of a single bit. Preset confirmation or PMI indicator can lead, for example, to two possible validation messages using a single bit. (1) The pre-coding confirmation message informs the WTRU that the pre-coding information used in eNode B is exactly the same pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU. (2) The pre-coding indication message informs the WTRU that the pre-coding information used in eNode B is not the same as the pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU.

[0029] The pre-coding validation message or a PMI indicator can also consist of more than one bit. Pre-coding validation messages can lead to a pre-coding confirmation message and several pre-coding indication messages. The pre-coding validation message or PMI indicator can lead to several possible messages using more than one bit. (1) A

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10/40 pre-coding confirmation message informs the WTRU that the pre-coding information used in eNode B is exactly the same pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU. (2) One of several possible pre-coding indication messages informs the WTRU that the pre-coding information used in eNode B is not the same pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU and indicates which pre-coding information is being used in eNode B. [0030] The pre-coding indication message can indicate the type of pre-coding information used if the pre-coding feedback from the WTRU has an error, is not reliable or is overridden by eNode B. In addition, the message pre-coding indication can indicate which subset of pre-coding information is used if the WTRU's assessment information in its pre-coding feedback is overlaid by eNode B.

[0031] The pre-coding information or PMI may contain all information related to the pre-coding of MIMO, including the evaluation information. The described method reduces the header for PMI validation using an efficient validation message that consists of confirmation messages belonging to the pre-codification feedback from the WTRU. A validation message can also include an indication message. As an example, a Q-bit validation message or PMI indicator is used. Q can be greater than or equal to one for each PMI indicator. If a validation message is a confirmation message or an indication message, Q = 1 bit is sufficient. If the validation message is a confirmation message or one of several indication messages, Q&gt; 1 bit can be used.

[0032] The confirmation message and the indication message can be encoded separately or encoded together. In a separate coding scheme, the validation message can consist of two parts (a confirmation part and an indication part). The acknowledgment part normally uses a bit to convey a positive acknowledgment message or a negative acknowledgment message. The indication part normally uses one or more bits to conduct two or more indication messages. In the confirmation message, a positive confirmation message is used to inform the WTRU that the

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11/40 pre-coding used in eNode B is exactly the same pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU. On the other hand, a negative confirmation message is used to inform the WTRU that the pre-coding information used in eNode B is not the same pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU. This indicates to the WTRU that different pre-coding information is being used in eNode B. The type of pre-coding information being used in eNode B is indicated in the indication part of the validation message.

[0033] A separate encoding message format that has indication or confirmation fields or parts is illustrated as follows:

<td>Confirmation Message</td><td>Referral Message</td>

Validation Message

[0034] In a joint coding scheme, the validation message can consist of only one part that combines confirmation and indication messages. Each validation message can lead to a confirmation message (positive confirmation message) or one of the possible indication messages. The joint coding indication message serves two purposes: to provide negative confirmation and pre-coding indication at the same time. This means that the referral message is used to inform the WTRU that the pre-coding information used in eNode B is not the same as pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU and also indicates the pre-coding information used in eNode B. A jointly encoded message format that has a single combined indication and confirmation field or part for the validation message is illustrated as follows:

Referral and confirmation messages

Validation Message

[0035] The separate coding of information and coding messages is simple. In addition, most of the time, only confirmation messages or a bit need to be sent and therefore efficiency is high. The receiver needs to differentiate, however, between confirmation message and confirmation and indication message,

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12/40 because they have different lengths. This can increase the receiver's detection complexity. To avoid the question of different lengths between a confirmation message and a confirmation and indication message, the same format can be used regardless of whether the pre-coding information for eNode B and WTRU are identical or not. The same format of confirmation and indication messages can be used, for example, by a confirmation message.

[0036] In addition, only one confirmation message and one indication message can be sent instead of sending a confirmation message and several indication messages in the case of pre-coding of several sub-bands. The scheme that uses only a confirmation message and an indication message is broadband pre-coding or non-selective frequency pre-coding, since only one indication message is sent that corresponds to isolated pre-coding information or matrix that is used in eNode B for all sub-bands. The scheme that uses a confirmation message and several indication messages is a multi-band pre-coding or selective frequency pre-coding, since different pre-coding information is used for several sub-bands, where each pre-coding information or matrix is ​​used for a subrange.

[0037] When using the same format for confirmation only message and indication and confirmation messages using non-selective frequency pre-coding when the pre-coding information used in eNode B and the pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU do not identical, the complexity of detection at the receiver is reduced or avoided. When the pre-coding information used in eNode B and the pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU are identical, multiple band pre-coding or frequency selective pre-coding is used.

[0038] Joint coding combines confirmation and indication messages and can save larger bits per validation message. Every validation message that is sent, however, contains confirmation and indication messages and, therefore, there is a constant number of bits that are sent consistently in a message.

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13/40 validation. The overall efficiency may be lower for joint coding compared to separate coding, but joint coding may not increase the receiver's detection complexity. The use of confirmation and referral messages to react to pre-coding feedback using joint or separate coding or coding schemes for pre-coding information provides greater efficiency than the direct method, which uses a very large number of bits.

[0039] As another example, for Q = 2 bits, using separate encoding for confirmation and indication messages, the confirmation part of the validation message can use one bit and the indication part of the validation message can use the other bit . The confirmation part of the validation message with bit 0 can represent the positive confirmation message and bit 1 can represent the negative confirmation message. The indication part of the validation message with bits 0 and 1 can represent indication message 1 and indication message 2, respectively, which can consequently indicate pre-coding information 1 and pre-coding information 2.

[0040] For Q = 2 bits, using joint coding for indication and confirmation messages, a validation message with bit sequence 00 can represent a confirmation message (a positive confirmation message). A validation message with bit sequence 01, 10 or 11 can represent an indication message 1, indication message 2 or indication message 3, respectively, which can consequently indicate pre-coding information 1, pre-coding information 2 and pre-coding information 3. A validation message with bit sequence 01, 10 or 11 automatically represents the negative confirmation message due to the joint coding of the confirmation and indication messages.

[0041] Similarly for Q = 3 bits, when using separate coding for confirmation and indication messages, the confirmation part of the validation message can use one bit and the indication part of the validation message can use two bits. The confirmation part of the validation message with bit 0 can represent the positive confirmation message and bit 1 can represent the message

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14/40 negative confirmation. The bit validation message indication part 00 11 can represent the indication message number 1 to message number 4, respectively, which indicate the corresponding precoding information numbers 1 to 4.

[0042] Similarly for Q = 3 bits when using joint coding of confirmation and indication messages, a validation message with bit sequence 000 can represent the positive confirmation message. A validation message with bit sequence 001 to 111 can represent the negative acknowledgment message and, at the same time, represent indication message number 1 to indication message number 7, respectively, which indicates the precoding information number 1 to the corresponding pre-coding information number 7.

[0043] The indication message may indicate additional information. The indication message may indicate, for example, one or more of the following: which pre-coding or matrix information is used (this can also include evaluation information), how eNode B overlaps (such as which pre-coding information or subset of matrices should be used when evaluating the WTRU in pre-coding feedback is overlaid) or how eNode B handles the case when the WTRU feedback is erroneous (such as using the valid pre-coding information previously used). Depending on the indication of the information, the indication message can have different types, such as a pre-coding information indication message, evaluation or pre-coding overlap message, feedback error message, etc. Consequently, the validation message can contain two types, a confirmation message and an indication message, as summarized in Table 2A.

Table 2A

<td>Validation message type</td><td>Use</td>

<td>Confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that the same feedback for pre-coding information from the WTRU is used in eNode B.</td>

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<td>Indication message</td><td>Indicate the pre-coding information used in eNode B.</td>

[0044] A validation message can contain four types of messages: confirmation message, indication message, overlay message and feedback error message, as summarized in Table 2B.

Table 2B

<td>Validation message type</td><td>Use</td>

<td>Confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that the same feedback for pre-coding information from the WTRU is used in eNode B.</td>

<td>Indication message</td><td>Indicate the pre-coding information used in eNode B.</td>

<td>Overlay message</td><td>Indicate that eNode B overlaps with WTRU feedback. In the case of an overlapping assessment, indicate which subset of pre-coding information should be used.</td>

<td>Feedback error message</td><td>Indicate that the feedback from the WTRU is in error.</td>

[0045] The method described above is applicable to any MIMO wireless communication system and is applicable to uplink (UL) and downlink (DL).

[0046] Generally, there can be a confirmation message, Ml indication messages (which indicate different pre-coding information), M2 overlay messages (which indicate different overlap standards for pre-coding) and M3 feedback error messages (which indicate different pre-coding rules for handling feedback errors). The total number of bits to represent the validation message is Iog2 (1 + Ml + M2 + M3).

[0047] It is possible to carry out joint coding for pre-coding confirmation messages, indication messages or pre-coding information that may or may not include evaluation information. In addition, it is also possible to carry out joint coding for evaluation overlap messages, feedback error messages

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16/40 or other MIMO messages and information, if used.

[0048] An implementation of the scheme above using one or more bits is described as follows: when there is a coincidence between the PMIs, that is, the PMIs are identical, only one PMI indicator is received by the WTRU. Alternatively, a PMI indicator with the eNode B PMI can also be received by the WTRU. If there is a mismatch between the PMIs or if the WTRU's PMIs overlap, however, the WTRU receives a PMI indicator with the eNode B PMI. In this example, the PMI indicator is a pre-coding confirmation field and the PMI is a pre-coding indication field.

[0049] Several PMIs can be sent simultaneously and PMIs can be divided into a series of groups.

[0050] Figure 2 illustrates a signaling scheme according to another embodiment. A WTRU or receiver 211 transmits a PMI or antenna weights to an eNode B or transmitter 213, indicated as PMIJ (containing Y bits) 215. To inform WTRU 211 of the antenna weights or pre-coding matrix currently used in eNode B, eNode B 213 sends a validation message back to WTRU 211, indicated as PMI_k (Y bits) 217. When eNode B 213 and WTRU 211 use the same antenna weights or pre-coding matrix, eNode B 213 sends only one PMI indicator, PMI_IND (1 bit) 217, which indicates that the pre-coding matrix or the antenna weights are identical, instead of sending the full antenna weights or PMI bits. The feedback error is usually small, typically 1%. Most of the time, eNode B 213 and WTRU 211 use the same pre-coding matrix or antenna weights. Most of the time, therefore, a one-bit PMI indicator (positive confirmation or negative confirmation messages) is sent.

[0051] This signaling scheme significantly reduces the signaling header and is summarized as follows: when the PMI indicator, PIMI or antenna weight indicator is set to 1, it indicates a negative confirmation message and the PMI or antenna weights used in eNode B and WTRU are not identical. This usually occurs in the event of feedback errors or eNode B overlaps with WTRU feedback.

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[0052] When the PMI indicator, PMI or antenna weight indicator is set to 0, it indicates a positive confirmation message and that the antenna or PMI weights used in eNode B and WTRU are identical. This normally occurs in the event of no feedback error and no overlap of eNode B with WTRU feedback. This scheme is summarized in Tables 3A and 3B. The PMI indicator is indicated by PMI_IND.

Table 2A

PMI Indicator Using 1 Bit

<td>PMIJND</td><td>state</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 0</td><td>Confirmation (or positive confirmation)</td><td>Confirm eNode B for use of feedback information pre-fed by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 1</td><td>No confirmation (or negative confirmation)</td><td>ENode B uses pre-coding information different from that fed back by the WTRU. This is usually due to a feedback error or eNode B overlap. It may also be due to other factors.</td>

Table 3B Non-Selective Frequency Pre-coding (for Non-Selective Frequency Feedback or Isolated PMI Feedback)

<td>PMIJND</td><td>state</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 0</td><td>Positive confirmation message</td><td>Confirm the use of PMI_n fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 1</td><td>Negative confirmation message</td><td>Send PMI isolated. Send PMI_n which is a pre-coding matrix used in eNode B for all sub-bands or RBGs, that is, the same isolated pre-coding matrix is ​​used for the entire bandwidth of the system.</td>

[0053] The PMI indicator can also be used to indicate the vectors or beam-forming matrix (s), antenna weights and any other matrix, vector or weight, when applicable. PMI indicator annotations other than PMI_IND can also be used. The bit allocation for PMI_IND is arbitrary and any value

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18/40 other than 1 and 0 can be used for the PMI indicator.

[0054] Figure 3A shows a signaling scheme for validating antenna weights or pre-coding matrix according to another realization. This accomplishment is intended for efficient signaling for validation or verification of several PMIs. This realization is intended for the case of frequency selective channel. The complete system bandwidth can be divided, for example, into several sub-bands (or RBGs) and one PMI reported for each sub-band when there are several PMIs to be reported for the entire bandwidth. In this realization, there may be N PMIs to report.

[0055] A WTRU or receiver 311 transmits pre-coding matrix indexes or antenna weight information 315 to an eNode B or transmitter 313, indicated as PMIJ1, PMIJ2, ..., PMIJN. To inform WTRU 311 of the antenna weights or pre-coding arrays currently used in eNode B 313, eNode B 313 sends a validation message 317 back to the WTRU, indicated as PMI_kl, PMI_k2, ..., PMI_kN, which corresponds to pre-coding feedback PMIJ1, PMIJ2, ..., PMIJN, respectively.

[0056] When eNode B 313 and WTRU 311 use the same pre-coding matrices or the same sets of antenna weights for all sub-bands (ie PMIJ1 = PMI_kl, PMIJ2 = PMI_k2, ..., PMIJN = PMI_kN) , eNode B 313 sends only one PMI indicator (one bit) indicating that the PMIs are identical, instead of sending all PMIs or all sets of antenna weight bits back to WTRU 311. The error of feedback is usually small, typically 1%. Most of the time, eNode B 313 and WTRU 311 use the same pre-coding arrays or antenna weights.

[0057] In case of no feedback error and no overlap, eNode B 313 sends only PMIJND to WTRU 311. In case of feedback error or overlap of evaluation or pre-coding, eNode B 3133 sends PMIJND and information of pre-coding for WTRU 311. Depending on whether frequency selective pre-coding is used or not, eNode B 313 sends a different amount of pre-coding information to WTRU 311. If selective frequency pre-coding is used in eNode B 313, eNode B sends PMIJND and PMI_kl, PMI_k2, ..., PMI_kN to WTRU 311, where PMI_kl, PMI_k2, ..., PMIJN represent N pre-matrices -coding for N sub-bands or RBGs. If non-selective frequency pre-coding is used in the eNode

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B 313, eNode B sends PMIJND and isolated pre-coding information PMI_m, where PMI_m is a pre-coding matrix used for all sub-bands or RBGs. This means that the same pre-coding matrix is ​​used for all sub-bands or RBGs. This scheme is summarized in Tables 4 and 5, respectively.

Table 4

Selective Frequency Pre-Coding With Positive and Negative Confirmation (for Selective Frequency Feedback or Feedback from Multiple PMIs)

<td>PMIJND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 0</td><td>Positive confirmation message</td><td>Confirm the use of PMIJ1, PMIJ2, ..., PMIJN feedback from WTRU.</td>

<td> 1</td><td>Negative confirmation message</td><td>Send N PMIs (send PMI_kl, PMI_k2, ..., PMI_kN). N pre-coding arrays are used for N sub-bands.</td>

Table 5

Selective pre-coding of frequencies with positive confirmation and non-selective pre-coding of frequencies with negative confirmation (for

Frequency Selective Feedback or Feedback from Various PMIs)

<td>PMIJND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 0</td><td>Positive confirmation message</td><td>Confirm the use of PMIJ1, PMIJ2, ..., PMIJN feedback from WTRU.</td>

<td> 1</td><td>Negative confirmation message</td><td>Submit a single PMI. Send PMI_m which is a pre-coding matrix used in eNode B for all sub-bands or RBGs, that is, the same isolated pre-coding matrix is ​​used for the entire bandwidth of the system.</td>

[0058] Figure 3B shows a signaling scheme for validating antenna weights or pre-coding matrix according to yet another realization. This accomplishment is intended for efficient signaling for feedback from several PMIs and a validation message that includes a single pre-coding indication message. A WTRU or 311 receiver transmits pre-encoding matrix indexes or antenna weight information

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316 for an eNode B or transmitter 313, indicated as PMIJI, PMIJ2, ..., PMIJN. To inform WTRU 311 currently used pre-coding arrays or antenna weights in eNode B 313, eNode B sends a validation message 318 back to WTRU 311, indicated as PMI_IND + PMI_k that reacts to pre-coding feedback PMIJ1, PMIJ2, ..., PMIJN. This is used when there is feedback from several PMIs and a validation message when using an isolated PMI indication message.

[0059] When eNode B 313 and WTRU 311 use the same pre-coding matrices or the same sets of antenna weights, eNode B 313 sends a confirmation message indicating that the PMIs are identical, instead of sending all PMIs or all sets of antenna weight bits back to WTRU 311. Otherwise, eNode B 313 sends an indication message to WTRU 311 which indicates that the PMIs are not identical. If separate coding is used, PMIJND and PMI are sent, where PMIJND serves as a positive or negative confirmation message and PMI serves as an indication message. In this case, PMIJND is a bit and PMI is at least a bit. If joint coding is used, PMIJND contains the PMI and the PMIJND serves as both an indication message and a positive or negative confirmation message. In this case, PMIJND is at least one bit.

[0060] The validation message format with two fields can be illustrated as follows:

<td>PMIJND</td><td>PMI</td>

Validation message format 1

[0061] For a validation message using joint coding of confirmation and indication messages, the format of the validation message with a single field can be illustrated as follows:

PMIJND

Validation message format 2

[0062] In the validation message format 2, the isolated PMIJND field contains the combined information of PMIJND and PMI in the validation message format 1.

[0063] Yet another implementation is the use of a pre-coding message

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21/40 standard instead of sending an indication message or PMIs. Signaling can be done in another way in which there are no feedback errors or overlap. ENode B sends only PMI_IND (positive confirmation message) to the WTRU, where PMI_IND confirms that eNode B uses the same pre-coding information fed back by the WTRU. In the case of a PMI feedback or overlap error, eNode B or TX sends PMI_IND (negative confirmation message) to the WTRU where PMI_IND informs the WTRU of the use of standard or previously determined pre-coding information or indication message. Only the confirmation message that contains only PMI_IND is sent, therefore, while the referral message or PMI (s) are not sent in any case. This scheme is summarized in Table 6.

Table 6 Negative Confirmation Using Standard Pre-Coding Indication Message

<td>PMI_IND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 0</td><td>Positive confirmation</td><td>Use feedback from pre-coding information from the WTRU.</td>

<td> 1</td><td>Negative confirmation</td><td>Use the standard or previously determined pre-coding information or message</td>

[0064] The confirmation status for PMI_IND as positive and negative is arbitrary and any value other than positive and negative can be used for the PMI indicator.

[0065] As previously described, the signaling header for the verification or validation of PMI may require up to 250 bits or more per validation signal in the case of several RBGs and several PMIs each time PMI validation messages are sent . The signaling scheme using the pre-coding confirmation message as described therefore saves a significant amount of signaling header.

[0066] The downlink PMI indicator signaling scheme according to another realization is summarized as follows. When the PMI_IND (the PMI or weight indicator

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22/40 antenna) is set to 1, it indicates a negative confirmation message and that at least one of a series of PMIs used in eNode B 313 and WTRU 311 are not identical. This normally occurs in the case of feedback errors or when eNode B 313 overlaps with feedback from WTRU 311. All PMIs are sent after PMI_IND (a bit) as shown in figure 4. In figure 4, the first element is PMI_IND 411 followed by individual PMIs 413 (a) to 413 (n).

[0067] When the PMI_IND (the PMI or antenna weight indicator) is set to 0, it indicates a positive confirmation message and that all PMIs used in eNode B 313 and WTRU 311 are identical. This normally occurs in the absence of a feedback error and eNode B 313 does not overlap with the feedback from WTRU 311. PMIs are not sent, but only PMI_IND (1 bit) 411 is sent.

[0068] According to another realization, PMIs are divided into groups, such as G groups. As shown in figure 5, each group has a bit to indicate whether the pre-coding matrices or antenna weights are identical for eNode B 313 and WTRU 311. This signaling can be implemented to contain Q bits in an indicator or Q PMI indicators, each of which contains a bit. The PMI indicators, PMI_IND (1) 511, PMI_IND (2) 513, ... and PMI_IND (G) 51g, can be spread across the validation messages as shown in figure 5.

[0069] An alternative grouping mode can be seen in figure 6, in which the PMI (611, 613 and 61g), PMIJND (1), PMI_IND (2), ... and PMIJND (G) indicators can be grouped at the front of the validation message as shown in figure 6.

[0070] The signaling mechanism according to PMI indicators (PMIJND (g), g = 1, 2, ..., G) for group PMIs, is summarized as follows: when the PMIJND (the PMI or weight indicator of antenna) for a group of WTRUs is set to 1, it indicates a negative confirmation message and at least one of the PMIs belonging to that group that are used in eNode B 313 and WTRU 311 is not identical. This usually occurs in the case of feedback errors or if eNode B overlays the WTRU feedback for that PMI group. If PMIJND (g) = 1, which indicates a negative confirmation message for the g ° group, all PMIs belonging to the g ° group are sent after the PMIJND

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23/40 (g) which is defined as 1. In figure 5, for example, if any of PMIJ, PMI_2 and PMI_3 is not the same as eNode B and WTRU, PMIJND (1) and PMI_1, PMI_2 and PMI_3 are sent by eNode B.

[0071] When PMIJND, the PMI or the antenna weight indicator for a group of WTRUs is set to 0, it indicates a positive confirmation message and that all PMIs belonging to that group that are used in eNode B and WTRU are identical. This usually occurs in the absence of a feedback error or if eNode B does not override WTRU feedback. If PMI_IND (g) = 0, which indicates a positive confirmation message for the group, PMIs belonging to the group are not sent, but only the PMI indicator is sent to the group. The PMIJND (g) sent is set to 0. In figure 5, for example, if all of PMI_4, PMI_5 and PMI_6 are identical to eNode B and WTRU, only the PMIJND (2) of a bit is sent by eNode B. Alternatively, fields reserved for unsent PMIs can be used to send other information or data. This increases information or data throughput and spectrum efficiency. The fields reserved for PMI_4, PMI_5 and PMI_6 can be used to send other information or data.

[0072] A special case for signaling the group PMI indicator occurs when each group contains only one PMI, that is, G = N. In this implementation, each group has exactly one PMI. This scheme is illustrated in figure 7. An increase in groups (G) can increase signaling efficiency because only a few PMIs that are not identical need to be signaled.

[0073] Generally, the PMIJND can represent messages or states that consist of a sequence of bits. PMIJND can represent, for example, the pre-coding status or confirmation message, pre-coding information message 1 or state 1, pre-coding information message 2 or state 2 and so on. This scheme is summarized in Table 7A. A similar scheme in the case of an overlap scheme is shown in Table 7B.

Table 7A

<td>PMIJND</td><td>Message (status)</td><td>Use</td>

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<td> 000</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 001</td><td>Pre-coding information message n ° 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the pre-coding matrix 1.</td>

<td> 010</td><td>Pre-coding information message n ° 2</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the pre-coding matrix 2.</td>

<td> ...</td><td> ...</td><td> ...</td>

<td> 110</td><td>Pre-coding information message n ° 6</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the pre-coding matrix 6</td>

<td> 111</td><td>Pre-coding information message n ° 7</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the pre-coding matrix 7</td>

Table 7B With Evaluation Overlap

<td>PMI_IND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 000</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 001</td><td>Pre-coding information message n ° 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the pre-coding matrix 1.</td>

<td> ...</td><td> ...</td><td> ...</td>

<td> 110</td><td>Pre-coding information message n ° 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the pre-coding submatrix 1</td>

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<td> 111</td><td>Pre-coding information message n ° 2</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the pre-coding matrix 2</td>

[0074] As an example, the code book (1) that uses the scheme above has four pre-coding vectors for evaluation 1 and two pre-coding matrices for evaluation 2. There are six pre-coding vectors / matrices in the total in the code book (1) shown in Table 8.

Table 8 Code Book (1)

<td>Rating 1</td><td>Rating 2</td>

<td>Cl</td><td>C5</td>

<td>C2</td><td>C6</td>

<td>C3</td><td></td>

<td>C4</td><td></td>

[0075] A corresponding PMI indication and confirmation scheme for codebook 1, when the assessment is indicated together, can be seen in Table 9A.

Table 9A

PMI Referral and Confirmation Scheme

<td>PMI_IND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 000</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 001</td><td>Pre-coding indication or information message n ° 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix Cl.</td>

<td> ...</td><td> ...</td><td> ...</td>

<td> 101</td><td>Indication message or</td><td>Inform WTRU to use the C5 pre-coding matrix.</td>

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<td></td><td>pre-coding information n ° 5</td><td></td>

<td> 110</td><td>Pre-coding message or information n ° 6</td><td>Inform WTRU to use the C6 pre-coding matrix.</td>

<td> 111</td><td>Reserved</td><td>Reserved or used for another purpose.</td>

[0076] Another codebook scheme (1) using the scheme above, when the evaluation is indicated together and an evaluation overlap is indicated, uses the corresponding PMI indication and confirmation scheme table for evaluation 1, as shown in Table 9B.

Table 9B Joint Coding for Pre-Coding Assessment, Indication and Confirmation Overlap Messages

<td>PMI_IND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 000</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 001</td><td>Pre-coding indication or information message n ° 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix Cl.</td>

<td> 010</td><td>Pre-coding message or information n ° 2</td><td>Inform WTRU to use the C2 pre-coding matrix.</td>

<td> ...</td><td> ...</td><td> ...</td>

<td> 110</td><td>Indication message or pre-</td><td>Inform WTRU to use the C6 pre-coding matrix.</td>

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<td></td><td>coding n ° 6</td><td></td>

<td> 111</td><td>Evaluation information overlay message</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the subset of pre-coding matrices of a highest-rated pre-coding matrix</td>

[0077] PMIJND = 111 as used in Table 9B indicates that eNode B informs the WTRU to use a subset of pre-coding matrices from a highest-rated pre-coding matrix. A pre-coding matrix with evaluation 2, for example, consists of two column vectors and a pre-coding matrix with evaluation 1 is a pre-coding vector. When the evaluation information is superimposed from evaluation 2 to evaluation 1, the first or second column vector of evaluation matrix 2 can be indicated for use.

[0078] Another codebook scheme (1) using the scheme above, when indicating the evaluation separately, is the use of the corresponding PMI indication and confirmation scheme table for evaluation 1, as shown in Table 10A.

Table 10A

PMI Referral and Confirmation Scheme for Assessment 1 with respect to

Code Book (1)

<td>PMIJND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 000</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 001</td><td>Pre-coding indication or information message n ° 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix Cl.</td>

<td> 010</td><td>Pre-coding message or information n ° 2</td><td>Inform WTRU to use the C2 pre-coding matrix.</td>

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<td> 011</td><td>Pre-coding indication or information message n ° 3</td><td>Inform WTRU to use the C3 pre-coding matrix.</td>

<td> 100</td><td>Pre-coding indication or information message n ° 4</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the C4 pre-coding matrix.</td>

<td> 101-111</td><td>Reserved</td><td>Reserved or used for another purpose.</td>

[0079] For assessment 2, corresponding to the password book (1), the PMI indication and confirmation scheme table, when the assessment is indicated separately, can be as shown in Table 10B.

Table 1OB

PMI Referral and Confirmation Scheme for Assessment 2 with respect to

Code Book (1)

<td>PMI_IND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 00</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 01</td><td>Pre-coding indication or information message n ° 1</td><td>Inform WTRU to use the C5 pre-coding matrix.</td>

<td> 10</td><td>Pre-coding message or information n ° 2</td><td>Inform WTRU to use the C6 pre-coding matrix.</td>

<td> 101-111</td><td>Reserved</td><td>Reserved or used for another purpose.</td>

[0080] As an example, the codebook (2) has sixteen pre-coding vectors for evaluation 1 and sixteen pre-coding matrices for evaluation 2, 3 and 4. There is a total of sixty-four vectors / pre-coding matrices -coding in the book

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29/40 codes 2 as shown in Table 11. The pre-coding matrix for assessment 1 is a column vector and includes the pre-coding matrices for assessment C1-C16. The pre-coding matrix of assessment 2 consists of two column vectors and includes the pre-coding matrices C17-C32. The pre-coding matrix of assessment 3 consists of three column vectors and includes matrices C33-C48. The pre-coding matrix of evaluation 4 consists of four column volumes and includes matrices C49-C64. The precoding matrix for a lower rating is a subset of the higher rating precoding matrix. Cl, for example, is a subset of C17, which is a subset of C33, which is a subset of C49.

Table 11

Code Book 2

<td>Rating 1</td><td>Rating 2</td><td>Rating 3</td><td>Rating 4</td>

<td>Cl</td><td>C17</td><td>C33</td><td>C49</td>

<td>C2</td><td>C18</td><td>C34</td><td>C50</td>

<td>C3</td><td>C19</td><td>C35</td><td>C51</td>

<td>C4</td><td>C20</td><td>C36</td><td>C52</td>

<td>C5</td><td>C21</td><td>C37</td><td>C53</td>

<td>C6</td><td>C22</td><td>C38</td><td>C54</td>

<td>C7</td><td>C23</td><td>C39</td><td>C55</td>

<td>C8</td><td>C24</td><td>C40</td><td>C56</td>

<td>C9</td><td>C25</td><td>C41</td><td>C57</td>

<td>CIO</td><td>C26</td><td>C42</td><td>C58</td>

<td>Cll</td><td>C27</td><td>C43</td><td>C59</td>

<td>C12</td><td>C28</td><td>C44</td><td>C60</td>

<td>C13</td><td>C29</td><td>C45</td><td>C61</td>

<td>C14</td><td>C30</td><td>C46</td><td>C62</td>

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<td>C15</td><td>C31</td><td>C47</td><td>C63</td>

<td>C16</td><td>C32</td><td>C48</td><td>C64</td>

[0081] A corresponding table for the PMI indication and confirmation scheme for the Code Book (2) can be as shown in Table 12A.

Table 12A Joint Coding for Pre-Coding, Indication, Feedback Error, and Overlapping Confirmation Messages

<td>PMIJND</td><td>Message</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 0000000</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 0000001</td><td>Pre-feedback error message codification</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix X.</td>

<td> 0000010</td><td>Pre-coding information overlay message</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix Y</td>

<td> 0000011 0010010</td><td>Pre-coding indication or information message n ° 1 64</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix Cl to C64, respectively.</td>

<td> 0010011 1111111</td><td>Reserved</td><td>Reserved or used for another purpose.</td>

[0082] A corresponding table for the PMI indication and confirmation scheme with overlapping assessment for the Code Book (2) can be as shown in Table 12B.

Table 12B

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Joint Coding for Pre-Coding, Referral, Assessment Overlay and Feedback Confirmation Messages

<td>PMIJND</td><td>state</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 0000000</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 0000001</td><td>Pre-feedback error message codification</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix X.</td>

<td> 0000010</td><td>Pre-information overlay message codification</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix Y.</td>

<td> 0000011 0010010</td><td>Indication message or pre-coding information 1-64</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix Cl to C64, respectively.</td>

<td> 0010011 0010110</td><td>Overlapping assessment information from assessment 4 to assessment 3</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use four subsets of pre-coding matrices, respectively.</td>

<td> 0000111 0011100</td><td>Overlapping assessment information from assessment 4 to assessment 3</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use six sets of pre-coding matrices, respectively.</td>

<td> 0011101 0100000</td><td>Overlapping assessment information from assessment 4 to assessment 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use four subsets of pre-coding matrices, respectively.</td>

<td> 0100001</td><td>Overlay</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use three subsets of</td>

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<td> 0100010</td><td>evaluation information from evaluation 3 to evaluation 2</td><td>pre-coding matrices, respectively.</td>

<td> 0100100 0100110</td><td>Overlapping assessment information from assessment 3 to assessment 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use three subsets of pre-coding matrices, respectively.</td>

<td> 0100111 0101000</td><td>Overlapping assessment information from assessment 2 to assessment 1</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use two subsets of pre-coding matrices (select the first or second column vector), respectively.</td>

<td> 0101001 1111111</td><td>Reserved</td><td>Reserved or used for another purpose.</td>

[0083] To save the signal header, one of the pre-coding matrices can be removed from the code book (2). If C64 or one of the other matrices is removed, for example, the scheme is reduced to the scheme shown in Table 11C.

Table 11C Modified Joint Coding for Pre-Coding Indication and Confirmation Messages

<td>PMI_IND</td><td>state</td><td>Use</td>

<td> 000000</td><td>Pre-confirmation message</td><td>Confirm that eNode B uses pre-coded information fed back by the WTRU.</td>

<td> 000001 111111</td><td>Pre-coding indication or information message 1-63</td><td>Inform the WTRU to use the precoding matrix Cl to C63, respectively.</td>

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[0084] When each group contains at least one PMI (the antenna weight indicator or PMI) and the PMIJND is set to (n) = 1, this indicates that the PMI number used in eNode B and WTRU are not identical. This usually occurs in the case of feedback errors or if eNode B overlaps with WTRU feedback. The PMI number is sent. In figure 8, for example, if PMI_n is not the same for eNode B and WTRU, PMIJND (n) and PMI_n are sent by eNode B. This increases the signaling efficiency.

[0085] When each group has only one PMI (the antenna weight indicator or PMI) and the PMIJND is set to n = 0, this indicates that the PMIs that are used in eNode B and WTRU are identical. This usually occurs in the absence of a feedback error and eNode B does not overlap with WTRU feedback. The PMI number is not sent, but only PMIJND for PMI number, that is, PMIJND (n) is sent. In figure 8, for example, if PMI_n is the same for eNode B and WTRU, only the PMIJND ^ of a bit is sent by eNode B.

[0086] A PMI indicator can be sent together, attached or embedded in the existing control signal. Figure 9 shows that the PMI validation signal is attached to a control signal. Figure 10 shows that the PMI validation signal is inserted in a control signal. Alternatively, the PMI indicator can be sent using a separate signal or an isolated signal.

[0087] PMI validation messages can be signaled to the WTRU by means of a control signal or a dedicated reference signal (RS). Alternatively, part of the validation message can be sent via control signaling and part of the validation message can be sent via dedicated reference signal. The pre-coding confirmation part can be sent, for example, by means of control signaling and the pre-coding indication part can be sent via dedicated reference signal. PMI indicator signaling can be applied to control signaling and the dedicated reference signal and can be used to reduce the amount of control signaling header or dedicated RS header. When using dedicated reference signals to send PMI validation messages, several forms of dedicated reference signals can be used, such as pre-coded pilots. The use of the PMI indicator to reduce RS

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Dedicated 34/40 is described as follows.

[0088] New downlink PMI indicator signaling for dedicated reference signal:

[0089] When PMI_IND is set to 1 (negative confirmation message), it indicates that at least one of several PMIs used in eNode B and WTRU are not identical. This usually occurs in the case of feedback errors or eNode B overlaps with feedback from the WTRU. All dedicated reference signals that conduct PMIs are sent by eNode B. PMI_IND is set to 1 and is also sent by eNode B.

[0090] When the PMI_IND is set to zero (positive confirmation message), it indicates that all the different PMIs used in eNode B and WTRU are identical. This usually occurs in the absence of a feedback error and if eNode B does not overlap with WTRU feedback. No dedicated reference signal leading to PMIs is sent by eNode B, but only PMI_IND with a bit that is set to 0 is sent by eNode B.

[0091] Most of the time, all the different PMIs used in eNode B and WTRU are identical and dedicated reference signals are not transmitted, but only the PMI_IND with a bit that is set to 0 is sent by eNode B. This signaling scheme also significantly reduces, therefore, the header of dedicated reference signals.

[0092] PMI indicator signaling can be applied to single user MIMO (SU) and multiple user MIMO (MU) to reduce the signaling header. In SU MIMO, only the PMI indicator for a WTRU is sent by eNode B in a sub-band or a time and frequency resource. In MU MIMO, several PMI indicators for different WTRUs that share the same sub-band or the same time and frequency resource are sent by eNode B. It is, therefore, a simple extension of SU MIMO.

[0093] In MU MIMO, it is considered that there are K WTRUs. An eNode B sends several PMI validation flags, each of which has one or more PMIs for each WTRU (WTRU 1, WTRU 2, ..., WTRU K). ENode B sends several PMI indicators to the WTRUs. Each WTRU receives a PMI indicator if no PMI group is

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35/40 used as shown in figure 4 or several PMI indicators if a group of PMIs is used for the WTRU as shown in figures 5 to 8.

[0094] If the PMIs are the same as those for eNode B and k^The WTRU, eNode B sends a one-bit PMI indicator to ak^The WTRU. If the PMIs are NOT the same as those for eNode B and k^The WTRU, eNode B sends the PMI indicator indicated by PMI _ IND^(k) and PMIs indicated by PMI (k) of k^The WTRU to ak^The WTRU.

[0095] If PMIs are not the same for eNode B and the first WTRU, but are the same for all other WTRUs, for example, PMI _ IND ^ and PMI⁽¹⁾ are sent to the first WTRU by eNode B and PMI _ IND^(k) for k = 2, 3, ... K are sent to all other WTRUs by eNode B. Alternatively in MU MIMO, eNode B sends several PMI indicators each to a group of WTRUs. ENode B can also send a PMI indicator to all WTRUs. For MU-MIMO, the pre-coding and usage schemes can be generalized as previously described.

[0096] For two users supported simultaneously on the same RB or RBG, it is considered that there is a flow per user, that is, each WTRU observes a transmission of the evaluation 1 by itself. Suppose further that there are eight beamforming vectors Cl, C2, ..., C8 in the beamforming code book. Table 13 describes this scheme: if PMI_IND = 0 (positive confirmation message), it indicates that eNode B confirms that the WTRU feedback is used in eNode B (desired). A three-bit PMI indicates seven possible vectors of the other user's interfering beam formation, Q, j = 1, 2, ..., 8 and Q * C desired. A combination of bits (111) is reserved. If PMI_IND = 1, it indicates that eNode B will not use feedback from the WTRU and a different beamform vector will be used. A three-bit PMI indicates eight possible beam-forming vectors (Cj, j = 1, 2, ..., 8) for the desired user. There is no separate indication of an interfering beamforming vector unless the signaling header can be increased.

Table 13

Separate coding for referral and confirmation messages

<td>PMI_IND (1 bit) (message from</td><td>PMI (3 bits)</td>

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<td>confirmation)</td><td colspan="2">(indication messages)</td>

<td rowspan="2"> 0</td><td> 000 - 110</td><td>Cj for j = 1, 2, ..., 8 and Cj * Cdesired</td>

<td> 111</td><td>Reserved</td>

<td rowspan="8"> 1</td><td> 000</td><td>Cl</td>

<td> 001</td><td>C2</td>

<td> 010</td><td>C3</td>

<td> 011</td><td>C4</td>

<td> 100</td><td>C5</td>

<td> 101</td><td>C6</td>

<td> 110</td><td>C7</td>

<td> 111</td><td>C8</td>

[0097] Another option is to use a standard beamforming vector for the desired user when the PMIJND is 1 (negative confirmation message) and use three-bit PMI to indicate seven possible interfering vectors similar to the case where PMIJND = 0.

[0098] Similarly, for a MU MIMO with four users and evaluation 1 per user, a scheme is described in Table 14.

Table 14

Separate coding for referral and confirmation messages

<td>PMIJND d bit)</td><td colspan="2">PMI (6 bits)</td>

<td rowspan="2"> 0</td><td> 000000 - 100010</td><td>35 combinations (Q, Cj, Ck) for i, j, k = 1, 2, ..., 8, i &lt;j &lt;ke Ci, Cj and Ck * C desired</td>

<td> 100011 - 111111</td><td>Reserved</td>

<td> 1</td><td>000 - 111 (the first three bits indicate</td><td>Ci, i = 1, 2, ..., 8</td>

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<td rowspan="2"></td><td>the desired beamform vector)</td><td></td>

<td>000 - 111 (the last three bits indicate the interference vector combinations)</td><td>8 combinations (Q, Q, Ck), for i, j, k = 1, 2, ..., 8, i &lt;j &lt;ke Ci, Q, Ck C desired</td>

[0099] If any type of restriction is imposed, the number of vector combinations can be reduced and, thus, the number of bits can be reduced. If the standard indicates that only certain combinations are allowed, for example, Cl, C2, C3, C4, they can be combined as a group and C5, C6, C7, C8 can be combined as a group. The Cl, C2, C3, C4 group cannot, however, be combined with the C5, C6, C7, C8 group. Cl, for example, can be combined with C2, C3 or C4, but it cannot be combined with C5, C6, C7 or C8. Combination restriction needs can be standards that meet unit properties or unit bundle needs.

[00100] Consider, for example, that Cl is the beam-forming vector for the desired user and that the restriction rule is used. Vector combinations can be reduced to seven combinations. For two users, only the combinations (Cl, C2), (Cl, C3) and (Cl, C4) are allowed. For three users, only (Cl, C2, C3), (Cl, C2, C4) and (Cl, C3, C4) are allowed. For four users, only (Cl, C2, C3, C4) is allowed. Table 15 summarizes this specific scheme with restrictions.

Table 15 Bundle Vector Combinations (Considering that Cl is the Desired Vector)

<td>Two WTRUs</td><td>SI = (Cl, C2), S2 = (Cl, C3), S3 = (Cl, C4)</td>

<td>Three WTRUs</td><td>S4 = (Cl, C2, C3), S5 = (Cl, C2, C4), S6 = (Cl, C3, C4)</td>

<td>Four WTRUs</td><td>S7 = (Cl, C2, C3, C4)</td>

[00101] Similar tables can be established for beam formation vectors other than Cl used for the desired user. The PMI indication and confirmation messages can be coded together and the corresponding PMI indication and confirmation scheme can be as follows. If PMIJND = 000, confirm the

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38/40 feedback from WTRU. If PMIJND = 001, inform the WTRU that C2 is the interfering beam-forming vector. If PMIJND = 010, inform the WTRU that C3 is the interfering beam-forming vector and so on, as shown in Table 16. If PMIJND = 111, inform the WTRU that C2, C3 and C4 are interfering beam-forming vectors.

Table 16 Joint Coding for Pre-Coding Indication and Confirmation Messages

<td>PMIJND (conformation and indication messages)</td><td>Messages or statuses</td>

<td> 000</td><td>Confirm</td>

<td> 001</td><td>C2</td>

<td> 010</td><td>C3</td>

<td> 011</td><td>C4</td>

<td> 100</td><td>C2, C3</td>

<td> 101</td><td>C2, C4</td>

<td> 110</td><td>C3, C4</td>

<td> 111</td><td>C2, C3, C4</td>

[00102] Another alternative is to have PMIJND = 000 as the confirmation message and PMIJND = 001-111 as the indication messages to indicate the seven possible desired vectors. The seven vectors or matrices are selected or previously selected from C1-C8. Similar tables can be established for beam formation vectors other than Cl for a desired user.

[00103] Joint coding can be performed for pre-coding confirmation messages, pre-coding information or indication messages, which may or may not include evaluation information. In addition, joint coding can also be performed for overlapping assessment messages, feedback error messages or other MIMO messages and information.

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[00104] Figure 11 shows a wireless communication system with several eNós B 1113 that implement the described accomplishments. Each eNode B 1113 provides communication coverage for a specific geographic area commonly called cells and displayed in the form of idealized hexagons. The term cell can designate its coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. To increase the capacity of the system, an eNode B coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, such as three smaller areas. 1111 WTRUs can be spread over the entire coverage area.

[00105] Although the characteristics and elements according to the present invention are described in the preferred embodiments in specific combinations, each characteristic or element can be used alone, without the other characteristics and elements of the preferred embodiments or in various combinations with or without the other characteristics and elements of the present invention. The methods or flowcharts provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software or firmware embedded in a computer-readable storage medium for execution by a general purpose computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable storage media include read-only ROM memory, RAM random access memory, registry, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard drives and removable disks, magneto-optical media and optical media such as CD-ROM discs and digital versatile discs DVDs.

[00106] Suitable processors include, for example, a general purpose processor, special purpose processor, conventional processor, DSP digital signal processor, a series of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, controller, microcontroller , ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuits, FPGA Field Programmable Portal Pool circuits, any other type of IC integrated circuit and / or state machine.

[00107] A processor in association with software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU wireless transmission and reception unit, terminal, base station, RNC radio network controller or any host computer. The WTRU can be used in conjunction with

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40/40 modules, implemented in hardware and / or software, such as a camera, video camera module, videophone, headset, vibrating device, speaker, microphone, television transceiver, handsfree headset , keyboard, Bluetooth® module, FM modulated frequency radio unit, LCD liquid crystal display unit, organic OLED LED display unit, digital music player, media player, video game module, Internet browser and / or any WLAN wireless local area network module.