Tension-based non-pneumatic tire
8 claims: 2 independent, 6 dependent
- 1Reivindicações 1 - Pneu não pneumático, para suportar carga, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende:5 um anel interno genericamente anular que apresenta um eixo de rotação;um anel externo genericamente anular deformável;e uma malha interconectada que se estende entre os referidos anéis interno e externo, compreendendo a malha interconectada 10 pelo menos duas camadas radialmente adjacentes de elementos de malha a cada seção transversal radial do citado pneu, definindo os elementos de malha uma pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais e compreendendo pelo menos um elemento de malha que está em ângulo em relação a um plano que se estende radialmente 15 através do eixo de rotação e pelo menos um elemento de malha tangencial que é genericamente transversal ao plano radial e uma quantidade substancial da dita carga é suportada por uma pluralidade dos referidos elementos de malha trabalhando sob tensão.
- 22 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracte20 rizado pelo fato de que compreende adicionalmente uma camada de rolamento fixada numa superfície radialmente externa do referido anel externo, sendo a citada camada de rolamento suficientemente rígida para suportar os ditos elementos de malha que trabalham sob tensão.
- 33 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracte25 rizado pelo fato de que a referida pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais compreende uma primeira pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais que apresenta um primeiro formato e uma 2/7 segunda pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais que apresenta um segundo formato diferente do citado primeiro formato.
- 44 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 3, caracterizado pelo fato de que pelo menos uma da referida primeira pluralida5 de de aberturas genericamente poligonais e pelo menos uma da citada segunda pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais são transversais, quando em movimento em qualquer direção radialmente para fora a partir do dito eixo de rotação.
- 55 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 3, caracte10 rizado pelo fato de que cada uma da referida primeira pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais apresenta um primeiro limite interno espaçado a uma primeira distância radial e cada uma da citada segunda pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais apresenta um segundo limite interno espaçado a uma segunda distância radial. 15 6 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 5, caracterizado pelo fato de que pelo menos uma abertura genericamente poligonal da referida primeira pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais é maior que pelo menos uma abertura genericamente poligonal da citada segunda pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligo20 nais. 7 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que um elemento de malha engata o referido anel interno em um dado local. 8 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracte25 rizado pelo fato de que um elemento de malha engata o referido anel externo em um local dado. 9 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a malha interconectada compreende interseções 3/7 entre os referidos elementos de malha, unindo as citadas interseções pelo menos três elementos de malha. 10 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o referido anel interno apresenta uma primeira 5 espessura, o citado anel externo apresenta uma segunda espessura e os ditos elementos de malha apresentam uma terceira espessura. 11 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende adicionalmente elementos de malha que se estendem numa direção substancialmente radial em relação ao 10 eixo de rotação. 12 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que cada uma da referida pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais é orientada radialmente. 13 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracte15 rizado pelo fato de que cada uma da referida pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais apresenta pelo menos três lados. 14 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a referida pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais é em formato genericamente hexagonal. 20 15 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende adicionalmente uma pluralidade de segmentos unidos, apresentando cada um uma largura mais estreita do que uma largura do referido pneu. 16 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 15, carac25 terizado pelo fato de que um primeiro segmento unido é estabelecido circunferencialmente a partir de um segmento unido. 4/7 17 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 15, caracterizado pelo fato de que um primeiro segmento unido apresenta uma malha interconectada que é substancialmente similar a uma malha interconectada de um segundo segmento unido. 5 18 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que uma camada interna relativamente radial da referida pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais compreende aberturas alternadas genericamente em formato de cunha. 19 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracte10 rizado pelo fato de que cada uma da referida pluralidade de aberturas genericamente poligonais é genericamente simétrica em torno de um plano de simetria radial. 20 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a referida malha interconectada compreende um 15 elemento de malha genericamente contínuo, genericamente constante radialmente intermediário ao citadp anel interno e a dito anel externo. 21 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o referido anel interno é engatado de forma adesiva com a citada roda. 20 22 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o referido anel interno é ligado quimicamente à citada roda. 23 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o referido anel interno é conectado mecanica25 mente à citada roda. 24 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que os referidos elementos de malha compreendem 5)1 componentes de reforço adicionais. 25 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que os referidos elementos de malha compreendem componentes de reforço adicionais. 5 26 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende adicionalmente uma parede lateral ao longo de pelo menos uma parte da malha interconectada. 27 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 26, caracterizado pelo fato de que a parede lateral é fixada a pelo menos uma 10 parte da referida malha interconectada. 28 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 26, caracterizado pelo fato de que a referida parede lateral é formada integralmente com pelo menos uma parte da malha interconectada. 29 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 26, carac15 terizado pelo fato de que a referida parede lateral apresenta um formato em domo que se estende em afastamento da malha interconectada. 30 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende adicionalmente uma camada de rolamento fixada a uma superfície radialmente externa do referido anel 20 externo. 31 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 30, caracterizado pelo fato de que a referida camada de rolamento compreende cintas de reforço. 32 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 30, carac25 terizado pelo fato de que uma seção transversal da referida camada de rolamento tomada ao longo de um plano que se estende radialmente a
- 66/1 partir do centro do pneu apresenta um formato arredondado. 33 - Pneu não pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 30, caracterizado pelo fato de que uma seção transversal da referida camada de rolamento tomada ao longo de um plano que se estende radialmente a 5 partir do centro do pneu apresenta um formato de coroa. 34 - Pneu Não Pneumático, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende:um anel interno genericamente anular que se fixa a uma roda, 10 um anel externo genericamente anular, uma malha interconectada entre o referido anel interno genericamente anular e o citado anel externo genericamente anular e um eixo de rotação;definindo a dita malha interconectada uma pluralidade 15 de abertura espaçadas circunferencialmente em torno do referido pneu e espaçadas radialmente a distâncias variadas a partir do citado eixo de rotação, de forma a suportar uma carga por trabalho sob tensão. 35 - Pneu Não Pneumático, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende: 20 um anel interno genericamente anular que se fixa a uma roda, um anel externo genericamente anular, uma superfície radialmente externa engatando uma camada de rolamento,
- 77/7 uma malha interconectada entre o referido anel interno genericamente anular e o citado anel externo genericamente anular, e um eixo de rotação;definindo a dita malha interconectada uma pluralidade 5 de aberturas em formato genericamente hexagonal espaçadas circunferencialmente em torno do referido pneu e espaçadas radialmente a distâncias variáveis a partir do citado eixo de rotação, sendo uma primeira pluralidade de aberturas em formato genericamente quadrilateral adjacentes ao dito anel interno genericamente anular e uma
- 810 segunda pluralidade de aberturas em formato genericamente quadrilateral adjacentes ao referido anel externo genericamente anular, sendo cada uma da citada primeira pluralidade de aberturas em formato genericamente quadrilateral e cada uma da dita segunda pluralidade de aberturas em formato genericamente quadrilateral separadas circunfe15 rencialmente de cada uma da referida primeira pluralidade de aberturas em formato genericamente quadrilateral e de cada uma da citada segunda pluralidade de aberturas em formato genericamente quadrilateral, respectivamente, por pelo menos uma da dita pluralidade de aberturas em formato genericamente hexagonal, de forma a suportar 20 uma carga por trabalho sob tensão. 36 - Pneu Não Pneumático, de acordo com a Reivindicação 35, caracterizado pelo fato de que a referida camada de rolamento compreende um rolamento reforçado por cinta. 1/17 ! I OD 3r·»·
Independent claims8
168 paragraphs, as filed
(54) Title: NON-PNEUMATIC TIRES (57) Summary:
(30) Unionist Priority: 03/27/2007 us 11/691968 (73) Holder (s): Resilient Technologies, LLC.
(72) Inventor (s): Ali Manesh, Brian Anderson, Brian J. Meliska, Fidelis Ceranski, Mike Tercha (74) Attorney (s): Hugo Silva, Rosa & MaldonadoProp Int (86) International Request: pct us2008058308 of 26 / 03/2008 (87) International Publication: wo 2008 / 118983of 02/10/2008
<img file="BRPI0809050A2_D0001.tif" />
1/38 “Non-Pneumatic Tires * '
Descriptive Report
The present invention is partly a continuation of US Patent Application 11 / 691,968, filed on March 27, 2007, the complete content of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
This invention was carried out, in part, with support from the United States Government granted by the United States Army Research Laboratory under contracts number W911NF-06-02-0021 and W911Qx10 08-C-0034. Accordingly, the United States may have some rights in this invention.
Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention
This Order is directed to a tire and, more particularly, to a non-pneumatic tire.
Description of the Related Art
Historically non-pneumatic or airless (NPT) tires have been made largely from an entirely solid substance. These solid tires made traveling uncomfortable for passengers and caused major damage to a vehicle's suspension, which had to compensate for a lack of “flexibility” in a solid tire. Finally, it was observed that by putting pressurized air into the tires, a more comfortable ride was created. However, together with their advantages, pneumatic tires still have some disadvantages.
The material containing standard pneumatic tires is sus2 / 38 susceptible to leakage of the pressurized air that you must maintain. This occurs either through leakage around the wheel rim or, to a lesser extent, when the tire rubber absorbs oxygen. As a result, the loss of pressure causes the tire to flatten in the area where the load is applied, subjecting a larger part of the tire to the load with each revolution and leading to faster tire degradation. In addition, a pressurized air tire is likely to be punctured leading to rapid release of pressurized air.
With a focus on fuel efficiency, safety and comfort of travel, several attempts were made to address the problems associated with pneumatic tires while maintaining its advantages over non-pneumatic tires. As an example, the published US Patent Application US 2006/0113016 by Cron et al., And assigned to Michelin, describes a non-pneumatic tire which is referred to commercially as Tweel ™. In Tweel ™ the tire is combined with the wheel. It is made up of four parts that are finally linked together: the wheel, a wheel spoke section, a reinforced annular band that surrounds the wheel spoke section and a rubber bearing part that comes into contact with the ground.
Other alternatives to standard pneumatic tires were made, including obtaining solid tires from polyurethane instead of rubber and suspending reinforcement materials inside the polyurethane during molding. Another alternative is to use rods made of a thermoplastic that are subsequently reinforced with glass fibers. A third alternative is to use an electroactive polymer that is capable of changing the shape when an electric current is applied. This allows the tire to change shape or size based on road conditions by using the car's electrical system.
Summary of the Invention
3/38
According to at least one embodiment described here, a new non-pneumatic tire is provided to support an applied load, the tire having an inner ring that is fixed to a wheel with a rotation axis, an outer ring and an interconnected mesh between the inner ring and outer ring. The interconnected mesh can be made of a material that is relatively more resistant in tension than in compression, in such a way that the part of the mesh between the wheel and a region of contact with the ground can swell or be subjected to a significantly smaller part of the load, if any, at the same time that the rest of the load can be distributed across the rest of the interconnected grid. In one embodiment, the interconnected mesh can be attached directly to the wheel or the bearing layer.
The interconnected mesh can be one of multiple possible shapes. In one embodiment, the mesh elements form multiple layers of polygonal openings generally adjusted to each other, such that there are at least two adjacent layers of openings spaced at different radial distances from each other when viewed at any radial section of the mesh. The openings of a layer can be similarly formatted compared to the openings of at least another layer, however they can also be formatted differently. In addition, the openings of a layer can be formatted similarly to other openings in the same layer. In addition, although the openings of one layer can be shaped similarly to the openings of another layer, they can be formatted differently, such that the openings of a radially outer layer can be comparatively larger or smaller than the openings of a radially layer internal. In another embodiment, the openings in a layer are not formatted in a similar way to the openings in the same layer.
4/38
A bearing layer on the outer ring may comprise reinforcement strips and a layer of support material, which acts as a shear layer. As a pattern is formed by the tire, the support material between the reinforcement straps is subjected to a shear force. In this way, the support layer provides the bearing layer with increasing stiffness.
In accordance with yet another embodiment described here, a non-pneumatic tire is provided to support an applied load, the tire having a generally cylindrical component that attaches to an existing component of the wheel. An interconnected mesh and a generally radial outer surface, including a bearing layer, can be molded onto the cylindrical component, such that the cylindrical component, the mesh and the generally radial outer surface can be easily removed from the tire wheel components. for replacement or maintenance.
In accordance with yet another modality described here, a non-pneumatic tire is provided to support an applied load, the tire having a generally cylindrical component that attaches to a single wheel plate. An interconnected mesh and a generally radial outer surface, including a bearing layer, can be molded onto the cylindrical component, such that the cylindrical component, the mesh and the generally radial outer surface can be easily removed from the wheel plate of the tire for replacement or maintenance.
In accordance with yet another embodiment described here, a non-pneumatic tire is provided to support an applied load, the tire having a sidewall directly fixed or integrally formed with the interconnected mesh. The side wall may have a lower stiffness than that of the elements of the interconnected mesh, such that the interconnected mesh supports the
5/38 most of the tire load. The side wall can be flexed or curved in the spaces between the elements of the interconnected mesh.
According to yet another embodiment described here, a non-pneumatic tire is provided to support an applied load, the tire having a side wall only partially fixed or integrally formed with the interconnected mesh. The side wall may have a lower stiffness than that of the elements of the interconnected mesh and can be free to be flexed in those areas where it is not attached to the elements of the interconnected mesh.
According to yet another embodiment described here, a non-pneumatic tire is provided to support an applied load, the tire having a side wall partially fixed or integrally formed with an interconnected mesh. The sidewall may have a “dome” or flexed shape which facilitates and influences the folding or flexing of the sidewall in a prescribed direction away from the tire.
Brief Description of Drawings
These and other characteristics of the present achievements will be made clearer by reading the detailed description below and with reference to the attached drawings of the achievements, in which:
Figure 1 is a front view of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 2 is a front view of the non-pneumatic tire of Figure 1 being deformed, when subjected to a load;
Figure 3 is a sectional perspective view of the non-deformed non-pneumatic tire taken along line 3-3
6/38 in Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a front view of another embodiment of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 5 is a front view of yet another modality of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 6 is a front view of an additional embodiment of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 7 is a front view of yet another embodiment of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 8 is a front view of another embodiment of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 9 is a front view of yet another embodiment of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 10 is a front view of an additional modality of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 11 is a sectional view of a prior art bearing portion attached to a non-pneumatic tire, taken along line 11-11 in Figure 2;
Figure 12 is a sectional view of another bearing part 20 attached to a non-pneumatic tire, taken along line 11-11 in Figure 2;
Figure 13 is a sectional view of yet another bearing part attached to a non-pneumatic tire, taken along line 11-11 in Figure 2;
7/38 Figure 14 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a non-deformed non-pneumatic tire with segments established in circumference;
Figure 15 is a sectional perspective view 5 of the non-deformed non-pneumatic tire, taken along line 1515 in Figure 4;
Figure 16 is a front view of the non-deformed non-pneumatic tire as seen from line 16-16 in Figure 14;
Figure 17 is a perspective view of the non-pneumatic tire of Figure 1;
Figure 18 is an exploded sectional view of the interconnected mesh of the non-pneumatic tire of Figure 17;
Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the shear layer of a non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the shear layer of a non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 21 is a perspective view of a non-pneumatic tire embodiment incorporating a cylinder and two wheel components;
Figure 22 is an exploded view of the embodiment of Figure 21;
Figure 23 is a perspective view of a non-pneumatic tire that incorporates a cylinder and
8/38 a wheel plate;
Figure 24 is an exploded view of the embodiment of Figure 23;
Figure 25 is a perspective view of a non-pneumatic tire embodiment, including a side wall integrated with the interconnected mesh;
Figure 26 is a left side view of the side wall of Figure 25;
Figure 27 is a perspective view of a non-pneumatic tire modality, including a side wall integrated with the interconnected mesh;
Figure 28 is a left side view of the side wall of Figure 27;
Figure 29 is a graphical comparison of the relative stresses on the tension-based non-pneumatic tire against the percentage of the tire experiencing stress compared to another tension-based non-pneumatic tire;
Figure 30 is a graphical comparison of the tension compared to another non-pneumatic tire based on tension.
Detailed Description of Preferred Achievements
Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate an embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire (10) showing certain characteristics and advantages according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the non-pneumatic tire (10) comprises an inner ring
9/38 generally annular (20) which engages a wheel (60) on which the tire (10) is mounted. The wheel (60) has a rotation axis (12) around which the tire (10) rotates. The generally annular inner ring (20) comprises an inner surface (23) and an outer surface (24) and can be made of cross-linked or non-cross-linked polymers. In one embodiment, the generally annular inner ring (20) can be made of a thermoplastic material such as a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic urethane or a thermoplastic vulcanized. In another embodiment, the generally annular inner ring (20) can be made of rubber, polyurethane and / or other suitable material. In this Order, the term "polymer" means cross-linked or non-cross-linked polymers.
For smaller applied loads, L, the generally annular inner ring (20), can be fixed in an adhesive way or can be subjected to some change in the chemical structure allowing it to connect to the wheel (60). For higher applied loads, L, the generally annular inner ring (20) can be attached to the wheel (60) by means of some form of mechanical connection such as a combination adjustment, although a mechanical connection can be used to also support smaller loads . The mechanical fixation can provide both the wheel (60) and the generally annular inner ring (20) with an extra resistance to withstand the greater applied load, L. In addition, a mechanical connection has the added benefit of ease of interchange. For example, if the non-pneumatic tire (10) needs to be replaced, the generally annular inner ring (20) can be detached from the wheel (60) and replaced. The wheel (60) can then be removed from the vehicle's axle, allowing the wheel (60) to be reused. In another embodiment, the generally annular inner ring (20) can be connected to the wheel (60) by a combination of a mechanical connection with an adhesive.
Referring also to Figures 1, 2 and 3, the tire is not
Pneumatic 10/38 (10) further comprises a generally annular outer ring (30) surrounding an interconnected mesh (40) (discussed below). The outer ring (30) can be configured to deform in an area around and including a region of contact with the ground (32) (see Figure 2), which reduces vibration and increases comfort when traveling. However, since, in some embodiments, the non-pneumatic tire (10) does not have a sidewall, the generally annular outer ring (30), combined with the interconnected mesh (40), can also add lateral stiffness to the tire (10 ), in such a way that the tire (10) does not deform in an unacceptable way in parts far from the region of contact with the ground (32).
In one embodiment, the generically annular inner ring (20) and a generically annular outer ring (30) are made of the same material as the interconnected mesh (40). The generally annular inner ring (20) and the generally annular outer ring (30) and the interconnected mesh (40) can be obtained by injection or compression molding, moldable polymer or any other method known in the art and can be formed at the same time time, such that its fixation is formed by the material comprising the inner ring (20), the outer ring (30) and the interconnected mesh (40) by cooling and sedimentation.
As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the interconnected mesh (40) of the non-pneumatic tire (10) connects the generically annular inner ring (20) to the generically annular outer ring (30). In the illustrated embodiment, the interconnected mesh (40) comprises at least two radially adjacent layers (56, 58) of mesh elements (42) that define a plurality of generally polygonal openings (50). In other words, with at least two adjacent layers (56, 58), a slice through any radial part of the non-pneumatic tire (10) that extends from the axis of rotation (12) to
11/38 the generally annular outer ring (30) passes through or crosses at least two generally polygonal openings (50). The polygonal openings (50) can form various shapes, some of which are shown in Figures 4-10. In many of the embodiments, most of the generally polygonal openings (50) can be of a generally hexagonal shape with six sides. However, it is possible that each of the plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) has at least three sides. In one embodiment, the plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) is generally hexagonal or hexagonally shaped circumferentially separated by openings that are generally trapezoidal in shape, as can be seen in Figure 1, giving the interconnected mesh (40) a shape that can resemble a hive.
A preferred range of angles between any two elements of the interconnected mesh (moving radially from the rolling part of the tire to the wheel) can be between 80 and 180 degrees (see, for example, the mesh elements in Figure 1). Other tracks are also possible.
Continuing with reference to the modality illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the interconnected mesh (40) can be arranged in such a way that a mesh element (42) connects to the generally annular inner ring (20) at any point to the along the generally annular inner ring (20) such that a first set of connections (41) occurs along the generally annular inner ring (20). Likewise, a mesh element (42) can connect to the generally annular outer ring (30) at any given point or line along an inner surface (33) of the generally annular outer ring (30), such that a second set of connections (43) occurs along the generally annular outer ring (30). However, more than one mesh element (42) can be connected to the inner ring
12/38 generally annular (20) or to the generally annular outer ring (30) at any given point or line.
As shown in Figures 4-10, the interconnected mesh (40) can additionally comprise intersections (44) between the mesh elements (42) in order to distribute the applied load, L, over the entire interconnected mesh (40). In these illustrated embodiments, each intersection (44) joins at least three mesh elements (42). However, in other embodiments, the intersections (44) can join more than three mesh elements (42), which can assist in the additional distribution of efforts and tensions experienced by the mesh elements (42).
Continuing with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, the mesh elements (42) may have an angle in relation to a radial plane (16) containing the axis of rotation (12) which also passes through the mesh element ( 42). By forming the angle of the mesh elements (42), the applied load, L, which is generally applied perpendicular to the axis of rotation (12), can be applied eccentrically to the mesh element (42). This can create a rotating or folding component of a load applied to each of the mesh elements (42), facilitating the changing of these mesh elements (42) subjected to a compression load. Similarly located, the mesh elements (42) can also be placed at an angle in approximately the same proportion and in the same direction with respect to the radial planes (16). Preferably, however, the consecutive mesh elements (42) in the circumference, excluding the tangential mesh elements (45) of a layer of a plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) are placed at an angle of about the same magnitude, in the however, measured in opposite directions around radial planes, such that the mesh elements (42) are generally mirror images around the radial plane (16) with each other.
13/38
Each of the openings within the plurality of generally polygonal tubular openings (50) may, but not necessarily, be of similar shape. Figure 7, for example, shows a first plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) which is different in shape from a second plurality of generally polygonal openings (51). In this embodiment, at least one opening of the first plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) can be smaller than at least one opening of the second plurality of generally polygonal openings (51). Figure 7 also shows that each generally polygonal opening in the first plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) has an internal boundary (57) spaced at a radial distance, Ri, from the axis of rotation (12) and each generally polygonal opening in the second plurality with generally polygonal openings (51), it has a second internal limit (59) spaced at a radial distance, R2, which may be greater than Ri, from the axis of rotation (12).
The number of openings (50) within the interconnected mesh (40) can vary. For example, the interconnected mesh (40) can have five standardized openings of different sizes 16 times for a total of 80 cells, as in Figure 1. In other embodiments, other numbers of openings (50) can be used other than the 16. For example, in preferred embodiments, the interconnected mesh (40) can include between 12-64 cell patterns. Other numbers outside this range are also possible.
As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the openings in a radially inner layer (56) can be shaped similarly compared to those in a radially outer layer (58), but they can be sized differently from those openings, such that the generally polygonal openings (50) increase in size when moving from opening to opening
14/38 in a radially outward direction. However, turning to Figure 10, a second plurality of generally polygonal openings (51) in a radially external layer (58) can also be smaller than those in a first plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) in a radially internal layer (56). ). In addition, the second plurality of generally polygonal openings may be either separated circumferentially from each other by a third plurality of generally polygonal openings (53) or may be greater in number than the first plurality of generally polygonal openings (50), or both .
As noted above, Figures 1-9 show various variations of a plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) that are generally hexagonal in shape. As shown, these openings can be symmetrical in one direction or in two directions, or, in another mode, they are not symmetrical. For example, in Figure 1, the radial symmetry planes (14) divide several of the generally polygonal openings (50) in half. These openings are generally symmetrical around the radial symmetry planes (14). However, the interconnected mesh (40) of the tire (10) can also be generically symmetrical as a whole, around radial symmetry planes. In comparison, a second plurality of generally polygonal openings (14) can be generically symmetrical around similar radial planes of symmetry (14). In addition, as shown in Figures
7-8, a second plurality of generally polygonal openings can be generically symmetric around tangential lines to a cylinder commonly centered with the axis of rotation (12), providing a second degree of symmetry.
The mesh elements (42) can have lengths that vary significantly from one modality to another or in the same modality. For example, the interconnected mesh (40) in the
15/38
Figure 7 comprises mesh elements (42) that are generally shorter than the mesh elements of the interconnected mesh in Figure 6. As a result, the interconnected mesh (42) may appear denser in Figure 7, with more mesh elements (42 ) and more generally polygonal openings (50) in a given tire arc (10). In comparison, Figures 9 and 10 both show interconnected meshes (40) whose mesh elements (42) vary substantially in length within the same interconnected mesh. In Figure 9, mesh elements (42) radially inward facing are generally shorter than mesh elements (42) located comparatively facing radially outward. However, Figure 10 shows mesh elements (42) facing radially inward that are substantially longer than their mesh elements (42) facing radially outward. As a result, the interconnected mesh (40) of Figure 9 appears denser inwardly than the interconnected mesh (42) of Figure 10.
Remaining with Figure 10, an interconnected mesh (40) is shown such that the mesh elements (42) define a radially inner layer (56) of generally polygonal openings (50), which is larger than a radially outer layer (58) ) of generally polygonal openings (50). The radially inner layer (56) may comprise alternating wedge-shaped openings (55) that may or may not be similarly shaped. As shown, a second plurality of generally polygonal openings (51) can be separated from the first plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) by a generally continuous mesh element (42) of the interconnected mesh (40) spaced at a generally constant radial distance from the rotation axis (12). The mesh element (42) generically continuous and generically constant can assist in providing additional rigidity to the non-pneumatic tire (10) in regions that are resistant to deformation.
16/38
With reference back to Figure 2, the combination of the geometry of the interconnected mesh (40) and the material chosen in the interconnected mesh (40) can allow an applied load, L, to be distributed among all the mesh elements (42). In view of the fact that the mesh elements (42) are preferably relatively thin and can be made of a material that is relatively fragile to compression, these elements (42) which are subjected to compressive forces may show a tendency to shift. These elements are usually between the applied load, L, which generally passes through the axis of rotation (12) and the region of contact with the ground (32) and is represented as a twisted section (48) in Figure 2.
In one embodiment, some or all of the mesh elements (42) can be provided with fragile sections (for example, previously folded) or thin in such a way that the mesh elements (42) preferably fold and / or are made to fold in a certain direction. For example, in one embodiment, the mesh elements are influenced in such a way that they generally bend in an outward direction. In this way, the mesh elements do not come into contact or rub against each other as they twist. In addition, the position of the fragile or thin part can be used to control the location of the fold or twist in order to avoid this contact.
When twisting occurs, the remaining mesh elements (42) may experience a tensile force. It is these mesh elements (42) that support the applied load L. Although relatively thin, because the mesh elements (42) may have a high stress modulus, E, they may show a lesser tendency to deformation, however, in instead, they can assist in maintaining the shape of the bearing layer (70). In this way, the bearing layer (70) can withstand the applied load L on the tire
17/38 (10) as the applied load L is transmitted by tension through the mesh elements (42). The bearing layer (70), in turn, acts as an arc and provides support. Likewise, the bearing layer (70) is preferably rigid enough to support the mesh elements (42) that are under stress and support the load L. Preferably, a substantial amount of said applied load L is supported by the plurality of said mesh elements working under tension. For example, in one mode, at least 75% of the load is supported in tension, in another mode at least 85% of the load is supported in tension and in another mode at least 95% of the load is supported in tension. In other modalities, less than 75% of the load can be supported in tension.
Although the generally annular inner ring (20), the generally annular outer ring (30), and the interconnected mesh (40) can be made of the same material; they can all have different thicknesses. That is, the generally annular inner ring may have a first thickness, ti, the generally annular outer ring may have a second thickness, t<sub>O</sub>, and the interconnected mesh may have a third thickness, t<sub>and</sub>. As shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment, the first thickness ti can be less than the second thickness t<sub>O</sub>. However, the third thickness, t<sub>and</sub>, can be less than the first thickness, ti, or the second thickness, to. This illustrated arrangement is presently preferred in that the mesh element (42) twists more easily when subjected to a compressive force, while a generally annular inner ring (20) and a generally thinner outer ring (30) relatively thinner they can advantageously assist in maintaining the lateral stiffness of the non-pneumatic tire (10) in a non-twisted region for better resistance to deformation.
The thickness, t<sub>and</sub>, of the mesh elements (42) may vary
18/38 depending on predetermined load capacity requirements. For example, as the applied load, L, increases the mesh elements can increase in thickness, te, in order to provide an increased tension resistance, reducing the size of the openings in the plurality of generally polygonal openings (50). However, the thickness, t<sub>and</sub>, it must not increase too much in such a way as to inhibit the twisting of the mesh elements (42) subjected to a compression load. As with the choice of material, the thickness, t<sub>and</sub>, can significantly increase with increasing applied load L. For example, in certain non-limiting modalities, each mesh element (42) of the interconnected mesh (40) may have a thickness, t<sub>and</sub>, between about 1 millimeter (0.04 inches) and 2.5 millimeters (0.1 inches) thick for tire loads of about 0-453 kg (0-1,000 lbs), between about 2.5 millimeters and 6.3 millimeters (0.1 and 0.25 inches) thick for loads of approximately 226-2,265 kg (500-5,000 lbs) and between 6.3 and 12.7 millimeters (0.25 and 0.5 inches) for loads of approximately 906 kg (2,000 lbs) or above. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these thicknesses can be reduced or increased in modified embodiments.
In addition to the mesh elements (42) which are generally angled with respect to the radial planes (16) that pass through the axis of rotation (12), the interconnected mesh (40) can also include tangential mesh elements (45), as shown in Figures 1-9. The tangential mesh elements (45) can be oriented in such a way that they are generally aligned with tangents to cylinders or circles centered on the axis of rotation (12). Tangential mesh elements (45) are preferred as they aid in the distribution of applied load L. For example, when applied load L is applied, the mesh elements (42) in a region above the axis of rotation (12 ) are subjected to a tension force. Without the tangential mesh elements (45), the interconnected mesh (40) can try to
19/38 deform due to the fact that it has other mesh elements (42) stretched, orienting itself in a generally radial direction, resulting in concentrations of stress in localized areas. However, being oriented in a generally tangential direction, the tangential mesh elements (45) distribute the applied load, L, throughout the rest of the interconnected mesh (40), thus minimizing stress concentrations.
Remaining in Figures 1-9, the plurality of generally polygonal openings (50) is shown where each of said generally polygonal openings (50) of the plurality is oriented radially. As noted above, the generally polygonal openings (50) can be oriented in such a way that they are symmetrical around radial symmetry planes (14) that pass through the axis of rotation (12). This arrangement can facilitate installation by allowing the tire (10) to still function properly even if it is installed backwards since it must behave in the same way regardless of its installation orientation.
As shown in Figure 1, the generally annular outer ring (30) may have a radially outer surface (34) to which a bearing layer (70) is attached. The fixation can be performed in an adhesive way or using other methods commonly available in the art. In addition, as seen in Figures 11-13, the bearing layer (70) can comprise reinforcement straps (72) incorporated in order to add increased total rigidity to the non-pneumatic tire (10), where the incorporation of reinforcement straps ( 72) is performed according to methods commonly available in the art. Reinforcement straps (72) can be made of steel or other materials for increasing strength.
Figures 11-13 show several possible examples of the arrangement of reinforcement strips (72) in the bearing layer (70). THE
20/38
Figure 11 is a version showing a bearing (74) in an outermost radial part of the tire (10). Moving radially inward there are a plurality of reinforcement strips (72a), a layer of support material (76), which forms a shear layer, and a plurality of reinforcement strips (72b). In this embodiment, the reinforcement straps (72a, 72b) are arranged in such a way that each strap is at a generally constant radial distance from the axis of rotation (12).
Returning to the mode of Figure 12, a bearing layer (70) similar to that of Figure 11 is shown. However, the mode of Figure 12 shows the support material layer (76) being roughly divided in two in a generally radial direction. by at least one transverse reinforcement strap (72c). The support material can be rubber, polyurethane or similar compound in such a way that as a part of the ground is formed by the tire, the support material (76) between the reinforcement straps (72) is subjected to a shear force. In this way, the support layer (76) provides the bearing layer (70) with increased stiffness.
The bearing layer (70) of Figure 13 resembles that of Figure 11, but comprises two additional groupings of reinforcement straps (72). In addition to the plurality of reinforcement strips (72a, 72b) generally radially constant, the bearing layer (70) in Figure 13 includes transverse reinforcement strips (72d, 72e). The transverse reinforcement straps (72d, 72e) include at least one reinforcement strap (72d) next to an internal surface longitudinally and at least one reinforcement strap (72e) next to an external surface longitudinally, such that the reinforcement (72a, 72b, 72d, 72e) generally contain the layer of support material (76) in a box of generally rectangular shape.
Reinforcement straps (72) and support material (76), as
21/38 described above, generically form a shear layer. As a region of contact with the ground is formed by the tire, the support material (76) between the reinforcement straps is subjected to a shear force. In this way, the support layer (75) provides the bearing layer with increased stiffness.
In one embodiment, the shear layer (support material) (76) has a thickness that is in the range of about 0 inch (that is, without shear layer) to about 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) thick ( as measured along a radius extending from the axis of rotation). In other heavy load applications, the shear layer (76) may be more than 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) thick.
The interconnected mesh (40), the generally annular inner ring (20) and the generally annular outer ring (30) can be molded all at once to produce a product that is the width or depth of the finished non-pneumatic tire. However, the interconnected mesh (40), the generally annular inner ring (20) and the generally annular outer ring (30) can be manufactured in stages and then assembled as shown in the embodiments of Figures 14-16. In these Figures, each segment (18) has an interconnected mesh (40) showing the same pattern as the non-pneumatic tire (10) in Figure 1.
Figure 14 shows a perspective view of an embodiment in which the tire (10) comprises a plurality of segments (18). Each segment (18) can have a generally uniform width, Ws, however, they can also have different widths in modified embodiments. The segments (18) can be made from the same mold in such a way as to produce generally identical interconnected meshes (40), however they can also be made from different molds to produce variable patterns of
22/38 interconnected loops (40). In addition, as seen in Figures 14, 15 and 16, the segments (18) can be circumferentially established with each other in such a way that a plurality of generally polygonal openings (50a) of a segment (18) is not generally aligned with a plurality of generally polygonal openings (50b) similarly shaped to a radially adjacent segment (19). The segments can alternate in such a way that each other segment (18) is generally aligned. In another mode, the segments do not alternate. Figure 15 shows a modality with seven segments (18), where the first, third, fifth and seventh segments (18a, 18c, 18e, 18g) are generically aligned with each other, the second, fourth and sixth segments (18b, 18d, 18í) are generically aligned between yes, but the two groups of segments are not generically aligned as a whole. In addition, Figure 15 is a sectional view showing two radially adjacent segments (18, 19) that are not generally aligned. This stack orientation can assist with twisting around the ground contact region (32), can reduce vibration and noise, and can provide greater torsional rigidity to the non-pneumatic tire (10).
The choice of materials used for the interconnected mesh (40) can be an important consideration. In one embodiment, the material that is used will easily twist under compression, but be able to withstand the required load in tension. Preferably, the interconnected mesh (40) is made of a cross-linked or non-cross-linked polymer, such as a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic urethane, or a thermoplastic vulcanized. More often, in one embodiment, the interconnected mesh (40) can preferably be made of a relatively hard material having a durometer measurement of about 80A-95A and, in a 92A (40D) mode with a high voltage module, E , about 21 MPa or about 3,050 psi or in other embodiments between about 20, 68 MPa (3,000 psi) and about
23/38 55.16 MPa (8,000 psi). However, the tension modulus can vary significantly for rubber or other elastomeric materials, so this is a very general approach. In addition, durometer and voltage module requirements can vary widely with load capacity requirements.
The polymeric materials discussed above for the interconnected mesh (40), the inner ring (20), and / or the outer ring (30) can additionally include additives configured to increase the performance of the tire (10). For example, in one embodiment, polymeric materials can include one or more of the following: antioxidants, light stabilizers, plasticizers, acid scavengers, lubricants, polymer processing aids, anti-block additives, anti-static, anti-additives -microbials, chemical fillers, peroxides, dyes, optical bleaches, fillers and reinforcements, nucleating agents, and / or additives for recycling purposes.
Other advantages can be obtained when using a polymeric material such as polyurethane for the manufacture of the non-pneumatic tire (10), instead of the rubber of traditional tires. A manufacturer of the illustrated achievements may need only a fraction of the square footage of the working area and capital investment required to manufacture rubber tires. The amount of specialized work required can be significantly less than that of a rubber tire plant. In addition, the waste produced by the manufacture of the components of a polyurethane material can be substantially less than when using rubber. This is also reflected in the comparative cleaning of polyurethane plants, allowing them to be built without the need for insulation, in this way transport costs can be reduced. In addition, products made from polyurethane can be more easily recycled.
24/38
Cross-linked and non-cross-linked polymers, including polyurethane and other non-rubber elastomeric materials, can operate at colder temperatures, resulting in less wear and extended tire fatigue life (10). In addition, the choice of materials for the interconnected mesh (40) and outer ring (30) can significantly reduce displacement resistance, leading to about a 10% reduction in fuel consumption. Polyurethane has better resistance to abrasion and, therefore, better wear by rolling than a traditional rubber tire and, unlike rubber, is inert, making it resistant to oxidation or reaction with other materials that cause the rubber to harden or even crack.
In another embodiment shown in Figures 17 and 18, the interconnected mesh (40) comprises mesh elements (42) that also contain reinforcement components (46) such as carbon fibers, KEVLAR®, or some additional reinforcement material to provide resistance to additional tension to the interconnected mesh (40). The properties of the reinforcement components (46) for certain embodiments may include high tensile strength, low compressive strength, low weight, good fatigue life and an ability to bond to the material from which the interconnected mesh is made (40).
With reference again to the bearing and shear layers, in the embodiments shown in Figures 19 and 20, a crown (Figure 19) or rounded (Figure 20) configuration of the bearing layer components (70) can be used to prevent or reduce excessive drag at the edges of the rolling and shear layer (70) during travel or during vehicle curves. By giving the bearing layer a curved or crowned geometry, as shown in Figures 19 and 20, the bearing along the outer edges of the tire will not wear out as
25/38 quickly, and the tire life can be extended.
Referring to Figure 20, in at least one other embodiment the bearing layer (70) may comprise belt layers (80a, 80b). Both strap layers (80a) and (80b) can be curved to give the bearing layer (70) a generally crowned or rounded shape. Again, a layer of support material (76) can be placed between the strap layers (80a) and (80b).
The bearing layer (70) of Figures 11-13, 19 and 20 described above can be manufactured similarly to pneumatic tires. For example, in one embodiment, each layer of the rolling layer can be manufactured separately in rolls. The thickness of the rollers may vary. In at least one embodiment, some of the rollers may be rubber, while other rollers may comprise a steel strap that is coated with a rubber compound and configured for a particular strap angle for a particular tire. Each of the rollers can be taken to a tire making machine, and placed on the machine in a particular order. The last layer can generally comprise a thick layer of rubber to be used as an external bearing for the tire.
After the placement of each layer, the complete assembly can be taken into a mold. The outside diameter of the mold can have the inverse pattern of the bearing engraved itself. The mold can be heated to a temperature that allows the rubber to easily deform and / or flow. The assembly can be placed in the mold, and pressure can be applied from the inside to force the bearing against the outer wall of the mold, which converts the thick outer layer into a standardized bearing. The assembly can settle inside the mold under heat and pressure for a period of
26/38 specific time, allowing the rubber layers to vulcanize and generally transform from several individual layers into a solid layer.
Once the bearing layer as described above is produced, the bearing layer (70) can be connected to the interconnected mesh (40). Several methods can be used. For example, at least one arrangement comprises multicomponent molding of the interconnected mesh (40) directly on the surface facing radially into the bearing layer (70). An adhesive can be sprayed on the inner diameter of the bearing layer (70) and on the outer diameter of the tire wheel (60). In one embodiment, a mold can then be filled with liquid urethane. The adhesive in the bearing layer (70) and wheel (60) of the tire (10) can form a connection with the urethane. Once the urethane is cured and hardened, the interconnected mesh (40) will be molded to both the bearing layer (74) and the tire wheel (60).
In another embodiment, the interconnected mesh (40) can first be obtained separately in its own mold. The outer diameter of the interconnected mesh (40) or the generally annular outer ring (30) can be formed in such a way that it is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the bearing layer (70). An adhesive can be applied to the outside diameter of the interconnected mesh (40). The interconnected mesh (40) can then be temporarily compressed in such a way that it can be placed on the bearing layer (70). Once the interconnected mesh is positioned correctly, the compression on the interconnected mesh (40) can be removed. The interconnected mesh (40) can then be spread out and brought into contact with the bearing layer (70). This method can reduce the residual stress (caused by the shrinkage of the mesh material as it is cured).
27/38 molding the interconnected mesh (40) and fixing it to the bearing layer (70) at the same time as discussed above.
As mentioned above, the tire (10) can be attached to the wheel (60) of a vehicle. In at least one embodiment, a generally cylindrical component can be attached to the wheel (60) of the non-pneumatic tire. For example, with reference to Figures 21 and 22, an embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire (110) may comprise a hollow metal (or other material) cylinder (112) configured for attachment to an existing HMMWV or other components (114, 116 ) of the vehicle wheel. The cylinder (112) may include a flange portion (118) that extends towards the inner hollow portion of the cylinder (112). The flange (118) may have holes (119a) that align with the holes (119b) in the wheel components (114, 116), thus facilitating the attachment of the cylinder (112) to the wheel (114, 116) rivets or other fasteners (not shown). Although the embodiment shown describes a flange (118) that extends circumferentially around the inside of the cylinder (112), in other embodiments the flange (118) can extend around only a part of the inside of the cylinder (112). In still other embodiments, there may be a plurality of spaced flanges around the interior of the cylinder (112).
At least a part of the cylinder (112) can be coupled to the generally annular inner ring (20) as described above. In this way, an interconnected mesh (40) and a generally annular outer ring (30), such as any shown in Figures 1-18, can be attached to the outside, or to the radially outwardly facing surface, of the cylinder (112) through molding, adhesion or other fixation methods. The cylinder (112), the interconnected mesh (40), the inner ring (20), and the generally annular outer ring (30) can then be attached to the wheel (112, 114).
The tire configuration in Figures 21 and 22 provides a
28/38 advantage in tire maintenance and replacement. For example, the cylinder (112) and the components (114, 116) of the wheel can be easily removed from each other by removing rivets or other fasteners. Once the rivets are removed, the tire (10) can be quickly handled, and / or parts of the tire (10) can be quickly and easily replaced.
Referring to Figures 23 and 24, another embodiment of a non-pneumatic tire (210) may comprise a metallic (or other material) cylinder (212). The cylinder (212), similarly to the cylinder (112) of the preceding embodiment, can include a flange (216) with holes configured to secure the cylinder (212) with the wheel plate (214). As with the cylinder (112), the inner ring (20), the interconnected mesh (40) and the generally annular outer ring (30), like any of those shown in figures 1-18, can be attached to the radially facing surface out of the cylinder (212) by molding, adhesion, or other fixation methods. The single metal wheel plate (214) can be quickly and easily removed from the rest of the tire in order to service the tire or replace parts.
In yet another embodiment, the interconnected mesh and the generally annular outer ring, like any of those shown in Figures 1-18, can be directly attached to an existing wheel rim (not shown) without using a cylinder such as the cylinder ( 112) or (212). In this way, instead of removing any rivets and replacing or handling different parts of the tire, the tire can simply be discarded when it is worn out.
In addition, in yet another embodiment, an interconnected mesh can be directly attached by a wheel, bearing layer, or both. For example, a wheel and a rolling layer may comprise one or both of the dovetair type joints. The wheel and
29/38 the bearing layer can then be inserted into a mold with the material comprising the interconnected mesh filling the joints. In this case, the surfaces generally radially outwardly of the wheel comprise the generally annular inner surface of the tire and the inner surface generally radially inwardly of the bearing layer comprises the generally annular outer ring. For this reason, when the interconnected mesh settles, the interconnected mesh is directly associated, avoiding the need to connect or in any other way fix the interconnected mesh to the generally annular outer ring.
Non-pneumatic tires, including those using an interconnected mesh as discussed above, may also incorporate the use of a sidewall or other structure capable of covering and protecting the interconnected mesh (40) and tire (10). The use of a sidewall helps to ensure that debris, water or other material does not enter the tire, including the interconnected mesh area, and interfere with the tire's functionality and performance. The side wall can also help prevent knots from being knit due to projectiles or other debris.
With reference to Figures 25 and 26, a side wall (310) can be fixed to or integrated with the interconnected mesh (40). In at least one embodiment, the side wall (310) can be attached directly to at least one side of the interconnected mesh (40). The side wall (310) can be entirely flat when viewed from its side, as shown in Figure 26, in such a way that it can be fixed directly to the edges of each or all of the mesh elements (42) exposed along from the outside of the tire (10). The side wall (310) can be manufactured separately as a part and then be attached to the interconnected mesh (40) or the side wall can be integrated directly into the interconnected mesh mold during the
30/38 mesh production (40).
Continuing with reference to Figures 25 and 26, the side wall (310) can cover all, or just a part of, the side of the interconnected mesh (40). By fixing or integrating a sidewall (310) in at least part of the interconnected mesh (40), debris or other material can be prevented from entering the area of the interconnected mesh of the tire (10) and interfering with the mesh elements ( 42).
The side wall (310) can be made of the same material as that of the interconnected mesh (40), or the material can be different, such as rubber. In some embodiments, the material for both the interconnected mesh (40) and the side wall (310) is molded polyurethane. In addition, in some embodiments, the side wall (310) may have a lower stiffness than that of the interconnected mesh elements (42). Due to its lower stiffness, the sidewall (310) as shown in Figures 25 and 26, will not generally support any of the loads acting on the tire (10). Instead, the side wall (310) may bend or flex during load application in the areas between the elements of the interconnected mesh (42), allowing the elements of the interconnected mesh (42) to continue to support the loads acting on the tire (10). In other embodiments, the side wall (310) can support a load.
In an additional embodiment and continuing with reference to Figures 25 and 26, the side wall (310) can be fixed or integrated with the interconnected mesh (40) only in the vicinity of the generally annular inner ring (20) and the generally annular outer ring (30). In these embodiments, the side wall (310) is not fixed or integrated with some of the interconnected mesh elements (42) located between the generally annular inner ring (20) and the surface
31/38 external generally annular (30). This allows the side wall (310) to be free to flex and bend in the region between the generally annular inner ring (20) and the generally annular outer ring (30), rather than just in those areas between the interconnected mesh elements (42 ).
With reference to Figures 27 and 28, an additional embodiment of a side wall (410) may have a flexed shape generally in "dome", as opposed to the flat shape of the side wall (410) as shown in Figure 26. In this embodiment, the side wall (410) can be fixed or integrated with the interconnected mesh (40) as discussed above in the vicinity of both the generally annular inner ring (20) and the generally annular outer ring (30). The “dome” shape of the side wall (410), as illustrated in Figure 28, induces the side wall (410) to deform in a prescribed direction (that is, away from the mesh (40)), as opposed to twisting or deformation in the direction of the mesh (40) and interconnected mesh elements (42). Just as with the previous modes, the side wall (410) and interconnected mesh (40) can be made of the same material, or of different materials. In some embodiments, the material of the interconnected mesh (40) is molded polyurethane, the material of the side wall (410) is rubber.
In yet other additional embodiments, the side walls (310, 410) described above can be obtained separately in the interconnected mesh, and can be removed from the tire for maintenance and / or replacement. For example, the sidewall (310, 410) can be held at the location adjacent to the interconnected mesh (40) by a flange or flanges surrounding the tire (10). Flanges (not shown) can be made of a material with low rigidity in order to prevent the flanges from interfering with the functionality and performance of the interconnected mesh elements (42). The flanges can be attached to or integrated32 / 38 of the interconnected mesh (40) or other parts of the tire (10). In at least some embodiments, the side wall can slide out of the flange clamp. In still other embodiments, the flanges can bend or flex, allowing the side wall to be inserted or removed. In still other embodiments, the side wall can be flexible enough to bend and be inserted into the stationary flanges.
Further embodiments, instead of a real wall along the side (s) of the interconnected mesh (40), the interconnected mesh (40) can be filled partially or completely with a filling, for example, a foam material . In at least one embodiment, the foam may comprise polyurethane foam. By filling the interconnected mesh (40) with foam or similar material, debris can be prevented from entering the areas between the interconnected mesh elements (42), which debris can substantially interfere with the functionality and performance of the tire. At the same time, the foam can be flexible. In this way, the foam itself will generally support any loads on the tire, rather than allowing the interconnected mesh elements of the tire to continue to support the loads. In addition, in other modified modes, the filler can be used to support part of the load. As mentioned above, non-foam materials can also be used.
Still in additional designs, non-pneumatic tires can incorporate sidewalls similar to those of pneumatic tires. The side walls can be vulcanized to the bearing parts of the generally annular outer ring and additionally mounted to the wheel rim after the formation of the interconnected mesh.
The thickness of the sidewall may vary, depending on factors including, but not limited to, the expected applied loads that the tire will be subjected to during use, as well as strength and
33/38 material flexibility. For example, in at least one embodiment, a sidewall made of rubber can be approximately 0.09375 ”thick. In at least some embodiments, the thickness of the sidewall can also vary for each individual sidewall.
Advantageously, the non-pneumatic tire modalities described above exhibit many of the same performance characteristics as traditional pneumatic tires. For example, the non-pneumatic tire can demonstrate a general displacement and traction quality similar to today's pneumatic tires. The non-pneumatic tire (10) can also have costs, weight, load-bearing capacity and service life similar to current pneumatic tires.
However, the non-pneumatic tires of the achievements described here demonstrate several advantages over standard pneumatic tires. For example, in addition to virtually eliminating tire bursts and tire deflation. The ability of the generally annular outer ring (30) and the interconnected mesh (40) to deform in an area around the ground contact region (32), as shown in Figure 2, reduces the stress placed on the wheel ( 50) when it reaches a protuberance, hole or similar obstacle, thus making the non-pneumatic tire (10) and the wheel (60) less susceptible to damage. Without requiring air pressure to maintain its functionality, the interconnected mesh (40) of the non-pneumatic tire (10) may also be better able to withstand damage caused by projectiles. If a part of the interconnected mesh (40) is damaged, the applied load L, which is generally applied perpendicular to the axis of rotation (12), can be transferred to the remaining elements in such a way that a vehicle using non-pneumatic tires (10) it is not immediately disabled. In addition, since the non-pneumatic tire (10) cannot be over or under inflated, the contact region
34/38 with the ground (32) remains generally constant, increasing fuel efficiency compared to traditional pneumatic tires.
The generally annular outer ring (30), combined with the interconnected mesh (40), can demonstrate higher lateral stiffness compared to standard pneumatic tires, especially in the mode in which the bearing layer (70) is attached. For this reason, although the overall ride quality may be similar to that of standard pneumatic tires, the non-pneumatic tire (10) can achieve improved cornering ability. The non-pneumatic tire (10) may also require less maintenance, avoiding the need to check and maintain air pressure.
In addition, an important advantage of using a non-pneumatic tire compared to a standard tire is the elimination of flat tires. If a part of the mesh is compromised, the load will be distributed through the other elements of the mesh due to the fact that the mesh is interconnected, extending the tire's useful life. In addition, because it does not carry any significant load along the region of contact with the ground when the tire comes into contact with a surface, it results in a smoother travel, since the non-pneumatic tire is less susceptible to shock and vibration.
In addition to its benefits over traditional pneumatic tires, the non-pneumatic tire (10) can exhibit multiple advantages over other non-pneumatic tires. Most of these other non-pneumatic tires have a rigid rim and a solid tire section and are in production for low speed applications. In comparison with these tires, the non-pneumatic tire (10) can be significantly lighter. The interconnected mesh (40) can allow the non-pneumatic tire to absorb impacts significantly better,
35/38 resulting in a more comfortable ride. In addition, other non-pneumatic tires are not usable at high speeds due to the amount of vibration that is generated. Some of the conventional non-pneumatic tires work by placing the part of the tire that lies between the applied load L and the contact surface in compression. This causes the tire section and internal structure to deform under load. When the body to which the tire is attached is not in motion, this part of the tire remains deformed under static load. Over time, this can cause a semi-permanent deformation of the tire causing reduced performance, increased noise vibration and poorer fuel efficiency, among other things. In contrast, the twisted section (48) bears very little, if any, load in such a way that the tire can remain statically deformed for a moment and does not experience any appreciable semi-permanent deformation.
In comparison with other tension-based non-pneumatic tires, the tire (10) can demonstrate even more benefits. The non-pneumatic tire (10) can experience lower stresses and stresses under load conditions than other tension-based non-pneumatic tires, as can be seen in Figures 29 and 30. Because it allows air to flow through the tire (10) and around the mesh elements (42), the design of the interconnected mesh (40) can result in less heat generation as well as less fatigue, prolonging the tire's life (10). The ability of the interconnected mesh (40) to twist around the region of contact with the ground (32), thus causing less reaction force when passing over an obstacle, can also result in less vibration and better displacement. Despite the ability of the interconnected mesh (40) to twist, it can also be relatively rigid when compared to the internal structure of other tension-based non-pneumatic tires. This can result in less noise being generated, resulting in a quieter 36/38 shift. This can also cause the non-pneumatic tire (10) to experience better starting and stopping performance.
Example
In an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, a non-pneumatic tire (10) has the interconnected mesh (40) with a configuration shown in Figures 1 and 2. The tire (10) has a radius of about 24 centimeters (9.5 inches) and the wheel (60) has a radius of about 11 centimeters (4 3/8 inches).
In general, the force required to twist a column is governed by the equation: F_retorcedura = (ΚΕΙΠ<sup>Α</sup>2) / Ι<sup>Λ</sup>2, where K = a constant whose value depends on how the column ends are fixed, E = modulus of stress, I = area of moment of inertia and I = the unsupported length of the column.
If each mesh element (42) of the interconnected mesh (40) is modeled as its own thin column, the radially innermost elements will be fixed at one end and free to move laterally at the other end. In this example, K = 1/4.
In this Example, the interconnected mesh (40) and the generally annular outer ring (30) are made of a similar material having a stress modulus, E, of about 21 MPa or 3050 psi.
The tire (10) can have a width of 20.3 centimeters (8 inches), each mesh element (42) of the interconnect mesh25 of (40) can have a thickness between about 1 millimeter (0.04 inch) and 2 Millimeter (0.1 inch) for tire loads of about 0-453 kg (0-1,000 lbs), between about 2.5 mm (0.1 and 0.25 inch) thick for fence loads 226-2,265 kg (50037/38
5,000 lbs), and between 6.3 and 12.7 millimeters (0.25 and 0.5 inches) thick for loads of around 906 kg (2,000 lbs) or above. A thickness of about 2 millimeters (0.08 inches) will be used for this Example. In this case, the area of the moment of inertia, I = (w * h<sup>THE</sup>3) / 12, where w = the width of each mesh element (42), 20 centimeters (8 inches) and h = the thickness, 2 millimeters (0.08 inches). In this way, I is about 0.000341 inch<sup>THE</sup>4.
Using the tire and wheel spokes mentioned above, and observing the pattern of the interconnected mesh (40), as seen in Figures 1 and 2, each mesh element (42) can have an approximate length of about 24 - 11 centimeters (9.5 ”4.375”) / 4, or approximately 3.25 centimeters (1.28 inches).
Based on these numbers, F__retorcedura = (ΚΕΙΠ<sup>Α</sup>2) / Ι<sup>Α</sup>2 = about 0.72 (1.59 lbs). In addition, the mesh elements (42) of the interconnected mesh (40) are angled with respect to a radial direction to facilitate twisting, which can further reduce the twisting.
In this Order, the non-pneumatic tire (10) is subjected to a load, L, of approximately 113 kg (250 lbs). The load L is distributed through the mesh elements (42) in such a way that not all the load, L, is supported by a single mesh element (42). However, the mesh elements (42) most directly aligned with the load direction, L, must support most of the load. Since L is significantly greater than F_retorcedura, the mesh elements (42) of the interconnected mesh (40) that are subjected to a compressive force will twist and not support the load, L.
Although the above description of the modalities of the invention allows a person skilled in the art to make and use what is presently considered the best mode, these specialists
38/38 in the art will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations and equivalents of the specific typical embodiments and methods presented here. The invention should not, therefore, be limited by the modality and method described above, but by all the fashions and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention as claimed.
1/7 “Non-Pneumatic Tires”
17 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17
35 members in 9 offices
Priority claims9
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11691968 | United States of America | – | |
| 69196807 | United States of America | A | |
| 69196807 | United States of America | A | |
| 2008058308 | United States of America | W | |
| 2008058308 | United States of America | W | |
| 11691968 | – | – | – |
| 2008058308 | – | – | – |
| US20070691968 | – | – | – |
| WO2008US58308 | – | – | – |
Members35
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008118983A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2008314486A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009283185A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP2139701A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| MX2009009940A | Mexico | A | |
| CN101687433A | China | A | |
| JP2010522666A | Japan | A | |
| US8104524B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US8109308B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP2139701A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| US2012234445A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2012241062A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP2556968A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| CN101687433B | China | B | |
| EP2139701B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| HK1182058A | Hong Kong, China | A | |
| HK1182058A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| EP2556968B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| BRPI0809050A2This record | Brazil | A2 | |
| ES2496100T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| US9004127B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| BRPI0809050A8 | Brazil | A8 | |
| US10086654B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2018361792A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2018361793A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2018361794A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| USD855015S | United States of America | S | |
| BRPI0809050B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| BR122019009673B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| BR122019009686B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| US10710411B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| BR122019009681B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| BR122019009692B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| US11014407B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2021323352A1 | United States of America | A1 |
10 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]GrantedPRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/03/2020, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS.B16A | B16A | |
| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]B09A | B09A | |
| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]B06A | B06A | |
| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]B06T | B06T | |
| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]B06F | B06F | |
| Requested transfer of rights approvedB25A | B25A | |
| Requested transfer of rights approvedB25A | B25A | |
| Requested transfer of rights approvedB25A | B25A | |
| Entry of change of name and/or headquarter and transfer of application, patent and certificate of addition of invention: publication cancelledB25L | B25L | |
| Requirement related to requested transfer of rightsB25C | B25C |
Numbers
- Publication
- PI0809050
- Publication, DOCDB
- PI0809050
- Publication, EPODOC
- BRPI0809050
- Application
- 9050
- Application, DOCDB
- PI0809050
- Application, EPODOC
- BR2008PI09050
Titles2
- Portuguese
- PNEUS NÃO PNEUMÁTICOS
- English
- NON-PNEUMATIC TIRES
Classification
- CPC, 5
- B60B9/00
- B60B9/04
- B60C7/22
- Y10T152/10387
- Y10T152/10297
- IPC, 1
- B60B9 04
