Adjustable seal system, seal component

ADJUSTABLE SEAL SYSTEM, SEAL COMPONENT

[1] BACKGROUND

[2] A. Field of the Disclosure

[3] This disclosure relates to suspension liners adapted to provide an interface between a residual limb and a prosthetic socket. The disclosure provides various embodiments of an adjustable seal system, seal components for use in the system, and methods for providing a sealing interface between a residual limb and a prosthetic socket.

[4] B. Discussion of Related Art

[5] Suspension liners provide a soft, flexible interface between a residual limb of an amputee and a hard socket to which a prosthetic device is secured. Such liners are known in the art generally, as exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,474 granted May 8, 1990 to Klasson and Kristinsson. These liners are typically made of an air impermeable elastomer material such as silicone and may include a reinforcement layer intermediate the inner and outer surfaces of the liner body portion or externally thereof to provide resistance against axial elongation of the elastomer constituting the liner body. Such reinforcement typically does not restrict radial distension or stretching of the liner body.

[6] The liners may also include an outer covering different from the elastomeric material, and exemplary outer coverings include various textiles having different stretchability properties. For example, the outer cover may be a strong and stretchable nylon outer cover providing resistance to extreme wear and tear, and affording strength and durability. The nylon outer cover may be used to increase radial stretch and comfortable elasticity.

[7] In the prior art, liners may function to secure the residual limb within a prosthetic socket once the residual limb and sleeve are inserted into the socket in close-fitting relationship by isolating the distal end area of the hard socket from the atmosphere. Upon application of a pulling force on the liner relative to the socket, suction is created in the distal end of the socket tending to retain the liner within the socket. Appropriate devices are usually provided to enable expulsion of air between the distal end of the liner and the hard socket, and to isolate the distal end of the hard socket member from the atmosphere after the liner with a residual limb has been fully inserted within the socket member.

[8] In some applications, the liner is provided with an umbrella at its distal end and a threaded socket for receiving a prosthetic securing pin member which then extends through an axial opening in the distal end of the hard socket member for securing the socket member relative to a prosthetic device mounted to the distal end of the socket member. In other applications, the prosthetic device is secured to the exterior of the distal end of the hard socket member and the sleeve member is fully contained within the hard socket member.

[9] The elastomer constituting the liner may be arranged to frictionally engage and remains attached to the skin of a residual limb so that the limb is retained within the hard socket member in a comfortable, non-irritating manner. The liner may be thickened to provide cushioning effect between the residual limb and the hard socket, which is typically custom made to closely fit the residual limb. Liners of this kind are used for both trans-tibial (TT) amputees as well as trans-femoral (TF) amputees. That is, the liners may be utilized for applications above the knee or below the knee of the amputee.

[10] In other applications, it may be desired to more positively secure the liner within the socket by creating a hypobaric (vacuum) pressure within the distal end of the hard socket between such distal end and the distal end of a liner inserted into the socket with a residual limb contained within the liner. The hypobaric pressure may be maintained at the distal end of the hard socket and the interior of the socket at its distal end will be isolated from atmosphere during normal retention of the sleeve liner within the socket. Opening the distal end of the socket to atmosphere releases the vacuum or hypobaric pressure within the socket to enable simple withdrawal of a residual limb with a liner thereon from the socket.

[11] A pump or other device may be utilized to evacuate the distal end of the socket between the distal end of a liner and the distal end of a socket. A valve or other appropriate device typically is used to open and close the distal end of a socket to surrounding atmosphere.

[12] Various arrangements are known in the prior art for providing an appropriate seal between the exterior of the liner and the interior of the hard socket including external air impermeable sleeves covering the interface area between the proximal end of the hard socket and the adjacent liner body. [13] In trans-femoral applications, the sealing between a sleeve and a socket is generally simpler and easier to execute than sealing a trans-tibial liner against the inner surface of a socket because in the latter situation, the residual limb contains more bony protuberances and irregular shapes that are difficult to effectively seal, particularly if it is desired to simply use the material of the elastomeric liner as the sealing element.

[14] Some users find that known liners having sealing means fail to sufficiently tolerate volume fluctuations, and may leave pressure marks on the residual limb after periods of sustained use. Additional improvements may be required for some users in that known liners do not adequately conform to the user's anatomy, and therefore fail to provide necessary comfort and skin protection. Moreover, as with all suspension liners having sealing means, it is necessary that the liner provides reliable suspension after an initial phase of volume and shape conditioning after the liner is donned on the user's residual limb.

[15] SUMMARY

[16] The disclosure provides various embodiments of an adjustable seal system, seal components for use in the system, and methods for providing a sealing interface between a residual limb and a prosthetic socket. The embodiments are beneficial to address the challenges faced by amputees by providing flexibility in placement of a seal component to avoid various pressure points and accommodate the shape of the residual limb.

[17] According to an embodiment, the adjustable seal system includes a suspension liner defining a liner body forming an axis and having an outer surface including a plurality of seal bands located along the height of the liner body. A seal component has open upper and lower ends defining an opening therethrough and an internal surface having an axis arranged concentric with the axis of the liner body. The internal surface is arranged to frictionally engage at least one of the plurality of seal bands and secure on the outer surface of the liner body.

[18] The liner preferably defines a closed-ended distal portion and the seal component is adapted to be inserted onto the liner from the distal portion. The liner defines an open-ended proximal portion and the proximal portion preferably has a greater diameter than the distal portion. Alternatively, the liner may have a consistent diameter above the distal portion, and along middle and proximal portions of the liner. A diameter of the opening of the seal component may be less than the diameter of the proximal portion.

[19] The at least one seal band may be formed from a polymeric material and the outer surface of the liner body may be defined by a textile-based cover. The at least one seal band may be formed so as to bleed or wet through a textile of the textile- based cover and interlock therewith.

[20] In an embodiment of the seal component, an upper portion may have segment with a curvature descending to a seal. A lower portion may have a segment curvingly ascending to the seal. The seal may extend from the lower portion and a distance beyond the periphery of the curvature. The upper portion may define a recess formed by the periphery of the curvature proximate the seal. A bevel preferably delimits a top portion of the recess from the curvature. The lower portion may define a plurality of ribs circumferentially extending around the periphery of the lower portion. The ribs may be arranged along the height of the lower portion.

[21] The seal may be arranged to protrude away from the outer surface of the liner body. The seal may be arranged to collapse against the outer surface when placed and engaging a socket, essentially losing the distance.

[22] The seal may form a flap protruding away from an upper portion of the seal component a predetermined distance while having a base intersecting with the upper curvature. The upper portion may define a recess formed by the periphery of the curvature proximate the seal. A bevel may delimit a top portion of the recess from the curvature. The flap generally has a size corresponding to the recess such that upon insertion into a socket, the flap is urged into the recess, and has an end portion abutting the bevel. The upper and lower portions generally intersect at a base of the flap.

[23] The seal component may define interior blades located along the interior surface and correspond in location to the seal located on the exterior side of the seal component. The interior blades may be arranged in a variety of different formations, and are preferably at an angle oriented obliquely relative to the axis of the seal component.

[24] The seal component is not limited to the embodiments discussed above but may be arranged in a variety configurations with an interior arrangement to secure against a liner body of a suspension liner and an exterior arrangement to secure against a surface of socket for providing a sealing interface between a residual limb and a prosthetic socket.

[25] The adjustable seal system may include a textile sleeve secured to an upper portion of the seal component and arranged to radially compress against the outer surface of the liner. The textile sleeve is preferably an anatomical conforming fabric. The textile provides an interface for gripping, and thereby minimizing fine hand movement needed to don and adjust the seal component over the liner. The sleeve is preferably more flexible and elastic than the seal component such that the sleeve retracts to an original size upon release of tension of the sleeve. The sleeve has a diameter less than a diameter of the liner body at the distal portion such that the sleeve stretches over and is tensioned when selectively placed over the outer surface of the liner body. The sleeve includes a main portion having a first elasticity, and a top band located at an upper end of the main portion and having a second elasticity.

[26] Whether alone or in combination with the textile sleeve, the seal component may define a body forming an interior surface arranged to span a distance between at least two seal bands and engage therewith. A seal may be located below an upper portion and above a lower portion wherein the upper portion is generally concentric with the liner body and the seal protrudes radially outwardly from the axis relative to the upper portion. The seal may have a radially outermost portion arranged generally concentric with the upper portion. The seal may have a lower segment extending outwardly from the lower portion to the radially outermost portion.

[27] The seal may have an upper segment extending inwardly from radially outermost portion toward the upper portion. A clearance is defined between the upper portion and the upper segment such that the seal is arranged to be compressed against the upper portion. The seal can define a flap extending from the upper segment. The flap is arranged generally parallel with the upper portion and spaced from the upper portion by the clearance.

[28] The seal component includes a seal located below an upper portion and above lower portion. The seal has a lower segment extending outwardly from the lower portion to a radially outermost portion and at least one radial seal projecting outwardly from the lower segment. The seal component includes a seal located below an upper portion (602) and above a lower portion and having a radially outermost portion spaced by a clearance from the upper portion. The seal component has a lower portion defining a curvature and an upper portion having a substantially uniform diameter along its height. The lower portion has a decreasing diameter toward the lower end.

[29] In any of the embodiments, the at least one seal band may be formed from a polymeric material and the outer surface of the liner body is defined by a textile cover. The at least one seal band extends through the textile cover and interlocks therewith. Locating indicia may be provided between each of the seal bands.

[30] In a method for placing a seal component on a suspension liner and securing therewith, the method may include the steps of: providing a liner having a liner body forming an axis and having an outer surface including a plurality of seal bands located along the height of the liner body and an outer surface of the liner body; placing a seal component having open upper and lower ends defining an opening therethrough and an internal surface having an axis arranged concentric with the axis over the liner; and securing the seal component to the liner body by frictionally engaging the internal surface with at least one of the plurality of seal bands.

[31 ] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[32] The numerous other advantages, features and functions of embodiments of a suspension liner will become readily apparent and better understood in view of the following description and accompanying drawings.

[33] Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a liner having a movable seal system.

[34] Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the liner of Fig. 1 without a seal component.

[35] Fig. 3 is a detailed view showing concentric seal bands disposed about an outer cover of the liner body.

[36] Fig. 4 is a detailed view showing a spiral configuration of seal bands disposed about an outer cover of the liner body.

[37] Figs. 5a and 5b are schematic views showing various surface textures of a liner body.

[38] Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a seal component having a single fin.

[39] Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a seal component having a plurality of fins.

[40] Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a seal component having a plurality of fins.

[41] Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a seal component having a plurality of fins.

[42] Fig. 10 is a cross-section of another seal component having a plurality of fins. [43] Figs. 11 and 12 are schematic views showing a seal component having a folding structure.

[44] Figs. 13 and 14 are schematic views showing a seal component having a rippled edge portion.

[45] Figs. 15 and 16 are schematic views showing a seal component having a color indicator.

[46] Fig. 17 is a schematic view showing a seal component having a lower fin.

[47] Fig. 18 is a schematic view showing a seal component having a plurality of lower fins.

[48] Fig. 19 is a schematic view showing a seal component having a plurality of proximal handles.

[49] Fig. 20 is a schematic view showing another seal component having a plurality of proximal handles.

[50] Fig. 21 is an elevational view of another seal component having a collapsible seal.

[51] Fig. 22 is a cross-section taken along line XXII-XXII from Fig. 21.

[52] Fig. 23A is an elevational view showing an embodiment of a suspension liner with a plurality of seal bands.

[53] Fig. 23B is an elevational view showing a cross-section taken along line XXIII B-XXIII B.

[54] Fig. 24A is an elevational view of the suspension liner of Fig. 23A with the seal component of Fig. 21.

[55] Fig. 24B is a detail view taken from XXIV B in Fig. 24A.

[56] Fig. 24C is a detail view taken from XXIV C in Fig. 24A.

[57] Fig. 25A is perspective view of another seal component having a collapsible seal and interior fins.

[58] Fig. 25B is a cross-sectional view taken along line XXV-XXV A from Fig. 25A.

[59] Fig. 26 A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variation of the seal components of Figs. 21 and 25 A.

[60] Fig. 26B is a detail view taken from XXVI B in Fig. 26A.

[61] Fig. 27 is an elevational view of a seal component having a textile portion.

[62] Fig. 28A is an elevational view of the suspension liner of Fig. 23A with the seal component of Fig. 27. [63] Fig. 28B is a detail view taken from XXVIII A in Fig. 28A.

[64] Fig. 29A is a sectional view taken along line XXIX A - XXIX A in Fig. 27.

[65] Fig. 29B is a detail view taken from XXIX B in Fig. 29A.

[66] Fig. 30A is a perspective view of another seal component embodiment.

[67] Fig. 30B is a sectional view taken along line XXX B - XXX B in Fig. 30A.

[68] Figs. 31A-31E show methods for donning the adjustable seal system of Figs.

24A.

[69] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS

[70] A better understanding of different embodiments of the invention may be had from the following description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to like elements.

[71] A. Overview of Suspension Liner Embodiments

[72] In each of the embodiments discussed herein, the suspension liner is intended for use between a residual limb and a prosthesis, such as a hard socket, and to be airtight when donned over a residual stump. The internal surface of the liner may be formed of a layer of silicone elastomer, therefore serving as a skin interface.

[73] Silicone is advantageous in that it allows for different levels and softness and strength to be incorporated into the liners of the present application. Moreover, silicone permits the addition of selected supplements, such as petroleum jelly and aloe vera, which improve skin care and comfort. The suspension liner, however, can be constructed from a variety of other materials other than from silicone, and the embodiments herein are not limited to suspension liners formed from silicone.

[74] An elasticity controlling matrix material may be provided on the exterior of the liner, the matrix material preferably being relatively compliant in a radial direction and substantially rigid or inelastic in an axial direction. The matrix material may extend over the distal or external side of the prosthesis, and is advantageous in that it prevents movement of the liner when a prosthesis is worn thereover.

[75] A liner in accordance with this disclosure may be fabricated in a sufficient number of sizes to accommodate various sizes of residual limbs. In use, a liner of the type described herein is rolled up from the proximal to the distal end, placed over the distal end of the residual stump and rolled back up or "donned" over the stump like a stocking. This procedure and the benefits achieved thereby are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,474, granted on May 8, 1990. In addition, any of the liners and sleeves mentioned herein may be constructed in the manner prescribed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,474.

[76] The embodiments of the suspension liner of the present application may be constructed according to the molding methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,776, granted on Nov. 26, 2002.

[77] B. Operation of a Seal Component in Combination with a Suspension Liner and Prosthetic Socket

[78] As taught in U.S. patent application publication 2013/0053982, published February 28, 2013, in use a liner carrying a seal component is worn on a residual limb and stepped into a prosthetic socket. As the residual limb is placed into the socket, the seal component forms an airtight seal with an interior surface of the socket and urges air out of the distal end of the socket through a distally positioned expulsion valve. When it is desired to release the connection between the liner and the socket, the valve is released, and the residual limb can be removed from the socket.

[79] When sealing against a socket, it should be kept in mind that the vacuum is formed between the seal component and the distal end of the socket; no vacuum is created proximal of the socket between the liner and the socket. Depending on configurations of the seal component, the seal component may not completely press against the socket wall, in that only portions of the seal press against the socket wall. For example, seal rings of the seal component may press against the socket wall, but portions between the seal rings may not touch the socket wall.

[80] Pressure is inversely proportional to the suspension force needed, so as to ensure stability and rotational control. The seal component preferably forms a hypobaric sealing membrane that conforms to the shape of the internal socket wall, providing an airtight seal between the suspension liner and the socket. It is often desirable that even pressure exists around the seal component in the connection between the socket and liner. There is preferably firm suspension among the liner, socket and residual limb.

[81] C. Embodiments of Adjustable Seal Systems, Seal Components and Methods for Using the Same

[82] In observing the suspension liner embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2, the liner 10 includes a liner body 12 defining an internal cavity 14 for receiving a residual limb. The liner body 12 preferably has an elongate, generally conical shape, and defines a longitudinal axis A-A along which extend proximal and distal portions 16, 20 spaced apart by a middle portion 18. The liner body 12 may be formed from at least one material segment that is at least radially elastically extensible from a relaxed non- extended condition.

[83] A seal component 22 is secured to an outer surface of the liner body 12 among an at least one seal band 26 formed along the outer surface of the liner body. In this embodiment, the at least one seal band 26 defines three seal rings 28, 30, 32 located about a circumference of the middle portion 18. The seal rings may be formed from a frictional material to maintain the seal component 22 on the liner. An example of a frictional material is silicone, however other suitable materials may be used. The seal component 22 frictionally fits against at least one of the seal rings, and can be installed among any one of the seal rings, along the length of the liner body. The seal component 22 can likewise be removed from the liner body and readjusted as considered necessary at a new location.

[84] In this embodiment, the seal component is considered detachable in that it can be removed from liner body with destruction, and adjustable so as to be reappointed on the liner body without any adhesive or permanency. According to a desired height of the seal component, the seal component can be installed among any one or more of the seal rings.

[85] Various advantages are provided by this embodiment over known seal systems. The adjustable seal component can be placed proximally if desired to permit vacuum over the majority of the outer surface of the liner body to maximize suspension potential. The adjustable seal component can be arranged on the liner body outer surface to avoid sensitive areas, for example neuromas or scar tissue, to afford the user more comfort over systems where the seal component is at a fixed location.

[86] The impact of volume fluctuations can be mitigated by placement of the seal component at an ideal location for a given user. For example, moving the seal component toward the proximal end of the liner body may compensate a decrease in volume. Further yet, donning and doffing of the liner is made easier. The liner may be inverted and rolled onto the residual limb without the seal component, and the seal component is only installed after the limb is donned on the residual limb.

[87] The at least one seal band may take on a variety of configurations and is not limited to the configuration shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The at least one rib may be circumferentially segmented over the outer surface, and may take on a variety of thickness and shapes. [88] In an exemplary method of manufacturing the at least one seal band formed from silicone or other polymeric material on a textile-based outer surface or cover, the silicone rib is formed so as to bleed or wet through the textile and interlock therewith.

[89] Various types of materials may be used to form the at least one seal band. In the disclosed embodiments, a silicone is selected having low viscosity. Various patterns may be formed as the at least one rib to reduce or eliminate any flow of silicone deposited onto the outer cover. Various yarn types may be selected as a basis in which silicone is encouraged or allows to wet or bleed through the textile, as well as certain weaves of the textile which facilitate wetting or bleeding of the material forming the at least one rib.

[90] In observing Fig. 3, a plurality of individual rings 34 extends about the circumference of the liner body 12. Each ring is spaced a distance 36 from one another at specific increments which may be uniform or non-uniform, such as with variable distances. The liner body 12 may also form protruding rings 35, 37 at distal and proximal ends delimiting the plurality of individual rings 34.

[91] Fig. 4 offers a variation of a plurality of rings 38 continuously spiraling along the outer cover. This variation permits rings 38 having different widths and spacing, however each of the rings is continuously formed with another thereby continuously spiraling along the length of the outer cover. Of course, individual rings may be formed, such as in the embodiment of Fig. 3 having different widths, and spacing among one another without necessarily spiraling along the length of the liner body.

[92] The at least one rib of any of the embodiments may protrude outwardly from the outer cover at various depths, and embodiments may include a plurality of ribs extending along the entirety of the liner body or only along certain segments. The profile of the at least one rib may be configured to correspond to an interior portion of the seal component, for example the profile of the at least one rib may form a profile mating a cavity along the interior surface of the seal component.

[93] In addition to the at least one rib, various patterns of a frictional material, such as silicone, can be deposited on the outer textile cover to achieve various benefits. One benefit includes rotational control, which is obtained by patterns of the frictional material on the outer cover to minimize rotational movement of the liner relative to the socket. In another benefit, a frictional material may serve to control or fine-tune characteristics of the liner. For example, the addition of silicone rings may serve to decrease radial stretch by inhibiting the stretchability of the outer cover and liner body by being formed from a stiffer material. Alternatively, the rings may provide improved or additional cushioning for stabilizing soft tissue areas in some regions with wider, higher and/or more rings and patterns.

[94] In another variation, the at least one rib may be colored to provide guidance to the user as to a desirable position of the seal component. For example, if the silicone rings were colored or shaped differently from one another, a user may be able to discern where to locate the seal component. In yet another variation, a matting agent may be used to decrease the coefficient of friction of the at least one rib to improve donning and doffing of the liner. In yet another variation, the surface texture of the at least one rib may be configured so the coefficient of friction is adapted to ease donning and doffing of the liner on a user.

[95] The liner may be formed without an outer cover in that the liner body is "naked." In such a naked liner, a matting agent may be used to decrease the coefficient of friction along the outer surface of the liner. The liner body may be formed as a dual durometer, as further explained in U.S. patent 6,136,039, granted on October 24, 2000.

[96] Surface texturing may be provided on the surface of the liner, as exemplified in Figs. 5a and 5b. For example, allowing airflow below a seal component to flow across the surface of the liner body and out or a valve. Different textures 40, 42 may be used along the outer surface of the liner body to achieve the necessary airflow.

[97] D. Various Seal Components

[98] Referring to Fig. 6, an embodiment of a seal component 50 includes an inner surface 52 arranged to abut a surface of the liner body. The seal component 50 defines a ring portion 54 arranged for being flush against the liner body via the inner surface 52. A seal element 56 protrudes outwardly relative to the ring portion 54 and is arranged to flexibly engage the socket. An inner cavity 58 corresponding to seal element 56 permits the seal element 56 to crush or compress inwardly upon donning of the socket. The inner cavity 58 may also mate with at least one rib of the liner. A ring portion may be provided on both upper and lower sides of the seal element.

[99] Fig. 7 shows a seal component 60 similar to the embodiment of Fig. 6 but includes a plurality of seal elements 68. The seal component 60 includes upper and lower ring portions 64, 66 spaced apart by the protruding seal elements 68. The seal component includes an interior surface 62 and inner cavities 70 corresponding to the seal elements 68. [100] Figs. 8 and 9 exemplify embodiments of universal seal components defined in at least a first plane. The seal components are universal in the sense they may be placed onto a liner body in either direction and have end portions generally symmetrical to one another. In other words, it does not matter the orientation the seal component is placed onto the liner body.

[101] Fig. 8 shows seal component 80 having a plurality of seal elements 82 generally concentric with one another. The first and second end portions 84, 85 possess mirror image configurations so it does not matter as to which end portion is placed on the liner body first and from which direction. The profile 86 of the seal elements may taper toward a substantially flat middle seal element 88 as they span toward the end portions 84, 85 so as to facilitate donning with a socket.

[102] Fig. 9 illustrates a seal component 100 having symmetrical end portions 102, 103 defining a tapered profile for facilitating donning of a socket. The end portions 102, 103 are spaced a distance 104 from the seal elements 106, 107 protruding transversely and arranged for engagement with a socket wall. The seal elements are spaced apart from one another a distance 108.

[103] Fig. 10 exemplifies another seal component 120 that is universal in the sense it does not matter whether or not it is placed onto a liner body from either end direction or inside out. Fig. 10 shows a cross-section of such a seal component in that the seal component 120 has end portions 122 symmetrical with one another, with seal elements 124 protruding gradually greater transversely from both sides relative to the width of the seal component 128 until reaching a maximum protruding seal element 126.

[104] Figs. 11 and 12 show a seal component 140 defining a folding structure. In this seal component 140, there are three concentric rings 142, 144, 146, with the first ring 142 having the greatest circumference and the second and third rings 144, 146 having consecutively less circumferences. Due to the flexibility of the seal component 140, the second and third rings 144, 146 may fold into one another along fold lines 152. The interior of the seal component 140 may include at least one cavity 148 for engaging at least one rib of the liner body, and may include various protrusions 150 for engaging the liner body.

[105] Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate a seal component 160 having a pressure or tension indicator 164 along an upper portion 162. In this embodiment, the tension indicator 164 is defined as a rippled edge along the upper portion 162 and spaced from a lower seal element 166. When tensioned, as exemplified in Fig. 14, the tension indicator 164 straightens or partially straitens. The tension indicator may indicate if there is excessive or insufficient tension about the seal component.

[106] Figs. 15 and 16 provide a variation of a tension indicator on a seal component 170. In this variation, the upper portion 172 includes a colored recess 174 that opens when the upper portion 172 is tensioned thereby exposing more color that is found in the recess. A seal element 176 is provided below the colored recess 174.

[107] Figs. 17 and 18 show various seal components having one or multiple seal elements. Fig. 17 depicts a seal component 180 having an elongate portion 182 for extending about the liner body outer surface, and a seal element 184 protruding from a lower end portion 186 of the seal component. The seal element 184 extends outwardly from the lower end portion 186 at an angle and forms a tapering width 188 from the elongate portion 182. The seal component 180 is open at both upper and lower ends thereby forming an annular inner surface for securing about a liner body.

[108] Fig. 18 shows a variation of the seal component of Fig. 17 in that the seal component 190 of Fig. 18 includes a plurality of ribs 196 on the seal element 194. A user may employ different seal components or seal sizes for different activities. For example, the seal component of Fig. 18 may be used for more aggressive sealing by way of the multiple ribs 196 whereas the seal component of Fig. 17 may be used for lower activity users.

[109] Referring to the embodiment of Figs. 19 and 20, seal components may include handles for donning the seal components onto the liner body after the liner body is already donned on the residual limb of the user.

[110] Fig. 19 exemplifies a seal component 200 having opposed handles 204, 205 that the user can grasp to pull the seal component 200 onto the liner body against any resistance by the liner body cover and an interior surface 210 of the seal component. The interior surface 210 may include a plurality of inner rings 211 that provide resistance and are used to secure against the liner body. The seal component 200 may include an upper portion 202 spacing the handles 204, 205 from the seal element 208. A lower portion 206 extends below the seal element 208 and opens at the bottom of the seal component 200.

[I l l] Fig. 20 illustrates another embodiment of a seal component 220 having three handles 222 directly extending from the seal element 224. The handles may be constructed from a variety of different materials and may be molded directly with the seal component or adhered, fastened or locked on the liner body. The handles may be permanently fixed or fixed only for the task of donning or doffing of the seal component. The handles may be formed differently from the seal component, and may be formed from a textile or different elastomeric such as polyurethane.

[112] Figs. 21 and 22 illustrate another seal component 300 having open upper and lower ends 314, 316, and an internal surface 326 for securing over a liner, as depicted in Fig. 23 A generally using a liner 301 having the at least one seal band 305. The internal surface 326 is arranged to engage and frictionally secure against the at least one seal band 26 on the liner 10 and forms through an opening 335 between the upper and lower ends 314, 316.

[113] The seal component has an upper portion 302 with a curvature 306 descending to a seal 304, and a lower portion 308 curvingly ascending to the seal 304. The seal 304 extends from the lower portion 308 and extends a distance beyond the periphery of the curvature 306. The upper portion 302 defines a recess 310 formed by the periphery of the curvature 306 proximate the seal 304, and a bevel 312 delimiting a top portion of the recess 310 from the curvature 306.

[114] The lower portion 308 may define a plurality of ribs 318, 320, 322 circumferentially extending around the periphery of the lower portion 308. The ribs are arranged along the height of the lower portion 308 to improve sealing with a socket wall. The ribs may have different cross-sectional shapes, however in the preferred embodiment depicted in Fig. 21, the ribs have a curved cross-section.

[115] The seal 304 is arranged to protrude away from a liner surface a distance 330 when not installed in a socket, and subsequently collapse against the liner surface when placed and engaging a socket, essentially losing the distance 330. The seal 304 forms a flap 324 protruding away from the upper portion 302 a distance while having a base 328 intersecting with the upper curvature 306. The flap 324 generally has a size corresponding to the recess 310 such that upon insertion into a socket, the flap 324 is urged into the recess 324, and has an end portion that may abut the bevel 312. The upper and lower portions 302, 308 generally intersect at a base 328 of the flap 324.

[116] Returning to Fig. 23 A, the liner 301 has a liner body 303 in the shape of a conical liner forming an axis A-A and having an outer surface 317. The liner body 303 may be formed similarly to the suspension liners of Figs. 1-4. The outer surface 317 includes a plurality of seal bands 305 located along the height 307 of the liner body 303 and an outer surface 317 of the liner body 303. The outer surface 317 may include indicia 331 between or at each of the seal bands to advise the user where recommended seal component placement may be located.

[117] Fig. 23B discloses a cross-section of the suspension liner 300 of Fig. 23A wherein the distal end defines a greatest thickness of the liner at location 307 (such as 9 mm). The thickness tapers from the distal portion with a thickness at location 311 (such 7 mm approaching the middle portion), a thinner thickness at middle location 313, (such as 3.2 mm) and a thinnest thickness at the proximal end at location 315 (such as 2.5 mm).

[118] Figs. 24A-24C disclose the liner 301 of Fig. 23 A and detail how the seal component 300 of Fig. 21 secures to the liner and how the seal bands 305 are formed.

[119] Referring to Fig. 24B, the seal bands 319, 321, 323, 325 are provided along the outer surface 317 of the liner body 303. The seal component 300 preferably extends over at least one of the seal bands, wherein the example of Fig. 24B shows the seal component 300 as extending over two seal bands 319, 321. The seal bands 323, 325 outside the seal component 300 are proximate the upper and lower ends of the seal component 300. It is preferred to place the seal 304 proximate at least one of the seal bands since it is a location requiring firm engagement with the outer surface 317 of the liner body.

[120] The seal component 300 may be configured and dimensioned to assure that it extends over at least two seal bands over a corresponding liner to assure firm engagement of the seal component against the outer surface 317 of the liner body 303. The seal component 300 is preferably tensioned over the seal bands and the liner over a residual limb such that the diameter of at least the ends of the upper and lower portions 302, 308 are sized short of the diameter of the liner and/or the seal component is stretched over the liner when the liner is worn on a residual limb and tensioned over the liner.

[121] Fig. 24C shows how the seal bands 305 protrude from the outer surface 317 of the liner body. The seal bands 305 may define a variety of shapes such as bubble, dome, arcuate, semi-hemispherical, square, and other available shapes that may be molded over the liner body. Fig. 24C depicts a preferred shape defining a bubble or dome shape to facilitate movement of the seal component of the seal bands.

[122] The seal bands 305 are desirably arranged to bleed through a textile cover 327 forming the outer surface 317 of the liner body such that a portion 329 of the seal bands is located within the textile cover 327. The seal bands 305 extend through the textile cover 327 to a polymeric material layer 325 forming an interface to the residual limb of the wearer. The seal bands create an airtight interface between the liner and the seal component.

[123] Figs. 25A and 25B exemplify another seal component 400 having open upper and lower ends 414, 416, and an internal surface 426. The seal component 400 can fit onto a liner similarly to the manner of the seal component 300 to the liner 10.

[124] The seal component 400 includes an upper portion 402 having a generally straight profile corresponding to a liner periphery between a brim 412 defined as arcuately extending upwardly away from the axis B-B toward the upper end 414 and a transition portion 406 defined as arcuately extending downwardly away from the axis B-B toward a seal 404. The brim 412 may collapse in part when the liner is inserted into a socket, and extends a distance 433 from the liner wall prior to insertion into a socket.

[125] The seal 404 is located between the upper portion 402 and a lower portion 408 extending upwardly from the lower end 416 and outwardly to the seal 404. The lower portion 408 may have an arcuate cross-section or may extend generally linearly toward the seal 404. The lower portion 408 may define a plurality of ribs 418, 420, 422 circumferentially extending around the periphery of the lower portion 408, and may be arranged similarly to the ribs in the seal component 300.

[126] The seal 404 is formed as a flap 424 extending generally upwardly from a profile of the lower portion 408, and at a junction 428 of the transition portion 406 and the lower portion 408. The transition portion 406 defines a collapsing region 410 adapted to extend from a liner periphery a distance 430 prior to insertion of the liner in a socket. The interior surface 426 of the collapsing region 410 is generally arranged to collapse against an outer wall of a liner when the liner is inserted into a socket, and crush against an interior wall of a socket.

[127] The seal component 400 may include interior blades 432 located along the interior surface 426 and correspond to the seal 404. The interior blades 432 may be arranged obliquely to the axis B-B, and arranged to collapse against a liner exterior wall. The blades 432 may also reinforce the seal 404 to provide a stronger interface between the interior socket wall and the liner. The blades 432 may increase the interface between the interior portion of the seal against the liner when collapsed in a socket. [128] The blades are arranged to compensate for volume changes in the residual limb, by expanding and exerting pressure against an interior surface of the socket so as to improve suspension of the liner over known suspension liners with seals.

[129] The blades are preferably arranged obliquely to the axis B-B, and this arrangement permits the blades to expand outwardly as the liner is donned onto the residual limb and fold down toward the seal wall with the possibility of some overlap over each of the blades as the liner is doffed. The blades are at an angle so as to ensure that each blade folds in a proper predetermined direction so as to avoid the creation of any pressure points.

[130] The blades are not limited to an obliquely extending configuration but may be arranged in any number of configurations such as either generally parallel or perpendicular relative to the longitudinal axis B-B of the liner.

[131] Figs. 26A and 26B show a variation of the seal component of Figs. 21, 22 and 25A. The seal component 500 includes upper, middle and lower portions 502, 506, 508, respectively, with a seal 504 located near or at the middle portion 506. The seal component 500 includes interior blades 532, much arranged in the same manner as in the seal component 400 of Figs. 25 A and 25B. The seal component 500 defines radial seals 518, 520 located below the seal 504, and generally within the lower portion 508.

[132] Fig. 26B exemplifies how the wall thickness of the seal component 500 varies depending on the location. The thickness 550 at the lower portion 508 and the thickness 552 of the seal 504 may be substantially uniform, such as at 1.0 mm, including along the flap 524. The uniform thicknesses 550, 552 may be configured and dimensioned to provide improved strength within the area of the seal and radial seals to assure firm sealing against a socket. The junction of the middle portion 506 and the seal 504 may have an increased thickness 556 to accommodate collapse of the seal or the radial extension of the seal when the seal component is placed in a socket. The upper portion 502 may have a progressively smaller thickness 556 as it approaches the proximal end 560 over the height 554 of the seal component 500.

[133] According to the embodiments of Figs. 27-29B, an adjustable seal system includes a textile sleeve secured to an upper portion of the seal component and arranged to radially compress against the outer surface of the liner. The textile sleeve is preferably an anatomical conforming fabric. The textile provides an interface for gripping, and thereby minimizing fine hand movement needed to don and adjust the seal component over the liner. The seal component permits retrofitting over existing liner without seal bands for low activity users, thereby enabling a user to decide between whether to use the seal component or a prosthetic sleeve, as taught by example in U.S. patent 6,592,539, granted July 15, 2003 to maintain connection of the liner with a socket.

[134] The seal component 600 has open upper and lower ends 614, 616 defining an opening 617 extending therethrough and an internal surface 626. The seal component has an axis C-C arranged concentric with the axis A-A of the liner body. The internal surface 626 of the seal component is arranged to frictionally engage at least one of the plurality of seal bands 305 and secure on the outer surface 317 of the liner body 303. The adjustable seal system further includes a sleeve 624 secured to the upper end 614 of the seal component 600 and arranged to radially compress against the outer surface 317 of the liner 301. The sleeve 624 is preferably formed from a material different from the seal component 600.

[135] The sleeve 624 is preferably formed from a textile and the seal component 600 is formed from a polymeric material, such as an injection-molded silicone to form the definitive shape of the seal component 600. The sleeve 624 is preferably more flexible and elastic than the seal component 600 such that the sleeve 624 retracts to an original size upon release of tension of the sleeve.

[136] The sleeve 624 is preferably configured and dimensioned to securely tension over the liner. The sleeve 624 may have a diameter less than a diameter of the liner body 303 at the distal portion 20 such that the sleeve 624 stretches over and is tensioned when selectively placed over the outer surface 317 of the liner body 303.

[137] As shown in Fig. 28 A and 28B, the seal component 600 defines a body 601 defining an interior surface 626 arranged to span a distance between at least three seal bands 319, 321, 323 of the liner 301 and engage therewith. While not limited to three seal bands 319, 321, 323, and while a single seal band may be envisioned, it is preferable to include at least two seal bands to provide secure attachment regions to assure the seal component 600 does not slip or provide disproportionate engagement of the seal bands.

[138] The height of the seal component may be sized and configured to extend and engage with any number of seal bands, and the sleeve 624 may extend over at least one seal band 325, however due to the lesser rigidity, the seal component 600 primarily retains the seal component on the liner body with the exception of the radial compression of the sleeve over the outer surface of the liner body. [139] The seal component 600 includes a seal 604 located below an upper portion 602 and above a lower portion 608, and generally at a middle portion 606. The upper portion concentric with the liner body 301 and the seal 604 protruding radially outwardly from the axis C-C relative to the upper portion 602. The seal 604 has a radially outermost portion or seal lip 615 arranged generally concentric with the upper portion 602.

[140] The seal 604 has a lower segment 623 extending outwardly from the lower portion 608 to the seal lip 615. The seal 604 has an upper segment 613 extending inwardly from the seal lip 615 toward the upper portion 602. A clearance 610 is defined between the upper portion 602 and the upper segment 613 such that the seal 604 is arranged to be compressed against the upper portion 602. The seal 604 defines a flap 612 extending from the upper segment 613, and arranged generally parallel with the upper portion 602 and is spaced from the upper portion 602 by the clearance 610.

[141] The seal 604 may have a lower segment 623 extending outwardly from the lower portion 608 to the seal lip 615 and at least one radial seal 618, 620, and preferably at least two radial seals, projecting outwardly from the lower segment 623. The seal lip and the radial seals are arranged to maintain connection with the inner socket wall, thereby creating a distal vacuum chamber.

[142] The seal component 600 may have a lower portion 608 defining a bottom edge with a curvature 621 and an upper portion 602 having a substantially uniform diameter along its height. The lower portion 608 may have a decreasing diameter toward the lower end 616, and is arranged to be compressed against the liner when the seal component 600 is donned thereon. The curvature at the bottom edge may be undersized to minimize movement of the seal component when donning the socket.

[143] The sleeve 624 may include at least one material section, and the example of Figs. 27 and 29A show the sleeve 624 as including a main portion 625 having a first elasticity, and a top band 627 located at an upper end of the main portion 625 and having a second elasticity. The top band 627 may be sized and dimensioned to allow for being the primary portion of the sleeve pulled by a user when donning the seal component on a liner, although the user may likewise grip the main portion.

[144] In any of the embodiments described herein, the shape of the seal component may be conical or cylindrical to accommodate different residual limb shapes. [145] Any of the seal components may function by creating an airtight seal with the liner body, and securely bond to the underlying liner due to compressive cohesion of silicone upon silicone. Alternatively, the seal component may be permanently adhered to the liner, or the seal component may be coated with a substance arranged to prevent bonding from occurring.

[146] Figs. 30A and 30B show a seal component 700 may be formed as a "donut" type structure. The seal component 700 may have a hollow center 702, to allow for easy donning onto the liner body and enabling the seal component to roll onto the limb. The seal component 700 defines a plurality of radial seals 704 located about the periphery of the outer surface of the seal component 700 so as to provide a plurality of possible radial seals 704 against the or between the outer surface of the liner and the inner surface of the socket.

[147] The radial seals 704 form peaks 706 and ridges 708, arranged not only so the peaks 706 seal against the socket, but the ridges 708 assist the seal component in maintaining its shape as the seal component flattens when donned and pressed against the socket. When the residual limb is inserted onto the socket, the seal component 700 will compress due to the hollow center 702, and create a secure seal via the radial seals 704. The seal component 700 may be formed from a variety of materials, and preferably silicone.

[148] In yet another embodiment, the seal component may be molded directly onto a liner by way of a silicone adhesive or similar elastomeric material that is formed over the liner body. A mold may be provided allowing a clinician to directly mold the seal component to the liner body. The molded seal component may adhere to the liner or may be detachable therewith.

[149] As shown in Figs. 31A-31E, a method for placing a seal component 300 on a suspension liner 301 and securing therewith includes the steps gripping the top of the liner and sliding over the hand until an inner surface is fully exposed. After exposing as much of the distal end of the liner as possible, the liner is positioned against the residual limb and with light compression roll upward onto the limb. The liner is rolled all the way up the limb. The seal component 300 is pulled over the distal end of the liner after the liner is donned on the limb and is selectively placed over the liner 301 at one of the seal bands. A lubricant spray 321 may be applied to facilitate donning of the liner and the prosthesis. The lubricant is preferably arranged to evaporate quickly after donning to maintain maximum suspension. [150] In each of the embodiments described herein, the adjustable seal system permits optimal seal placement rather than a fixed seal placement as found in many prior art seal systems. The seal components may be located away from undercuts or shape irregularities defined by a residual limb. The seal height may be decided according to the user's needs, and the seal may be moved to adapt to various volume changes of the residual limb.

[151] The adjustable seal system embodiments require less effort when donning the liner. For example, rather than deal with a permanent seal resisting donning, the liner may be donned and then the seal may be selectively placed along the height of the liner worn by the user.

[152] The adjustable seal embodiments provide improved comfort for the user. The seal height may be decided according to the needs of the user, and sensitive areas may be avoided. The embodiments make it possible to provide temporary relief of pressure below the seal. Because the seal is adjustable, the distal end of the liner may have improved conformability since it does not require being configured with a permanent seal but rather is uninhibited by such structural limitations found in the prior art. For example, the embodiments of the adjustable seal system enable improved proximal support since the liner may be arranged in a longer configuration over prior art liners, and improved proprioception may be obtained since the distal end may be arranged thinner with better linkage to the socket over prior art liners. Due to the seal bands of the liner, there is improved rotational control of the liner and seal relative to the socket.

[153] The adjustable seal embodiments may enable improved durability by having better abrasion resistance due to the versatility in placement of the seal component and its separate yet non-permanent attachment to the liner.