Substrates having biocidal and/or antimicrobial properties

The present invention relates to a process for coating substrates, comprising the steps: a) providing a substrate, b) applying a composition to at least one side of the substrate, the composition containing one inorganic compound containing at least one metal and/or semi-metal and an element selected from the group Te, Se, S, O, Sb, As, P, N, C, Ga, c) drying the composition applied in step b), d) applying at least one coating to the at least one side of the substrate, the coating containing a silane, oxide particles selected from the oxides of Ti, Si, Zr, Al, Y, Sn, Zn, Ce, and an initiator, e) drying the coating applied in step d), f) applying at least one further coating to the at least one side of the substrate, the further coating containing a silane, an antimicrobial and/or biocidal substance, selected from substances containing Zn, Zn salts, Zr, Ag, Ag salts, Ag complexes, Sn, Sn-compounds, and an initiator, and g) drying the further coating applied in step f). The invention also relates to a coated substrate obtained in this way.