System and method for processing encoded messages

System and Method for Processing Encoded Messages

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Serial No. 60/310,330 (entitled "System and Method for Processing Encoded Messages" filed August 6, 2001). By this reference, the full disclosure, including the drawings, of U.S. provisional application Serial No. 60/310,330 is incorporated herein.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to the field of communications, and in particular toward processing encoded messages.

Description of the State of the Art

In many known secure message exchange schemes, signatures, encryption, or both are commonly used to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of information being transferred from a sender to a recipient. In an e-mail system for example, the sender of an e-mail message could either sign the message, encrypt the message or both sign and encrypt the message. These actions may be performed using such standards as Secure Multipurpose internet Mail Extensions (S/MEVIE), Pretty Good Privacy™ (PGP ™), OpenPGP and many other secure e-mail standards.

When an encrypted message is received, it must be decrypted before being displayed or otherwise processed. Decryption is a processor-intensive operation which, on a wireless mobile communication device ("mobile device") with limited processing resources, tends to take a relatively long time, on the order of several seconds. Such time delays may be unacceptable for many mobile device users. Even if the message is not encrypted, it may be encoded in such a way that some processing may be required before displaying the message to the user. Two examples of such an encoding would be the Base-64 encoding commonly used to transfer binary data embedded in email messages on the Internet, and the ASN.l encoding required by many Internet and security standards. The decoding step may also cause a time delay that is unacceptable for many mobile device users.

Since the content of encrypted messages should generally remain secure even after receipt, such messages are normally saved to long term storage only in encrypted form, and decryption operations must be performed each time an encrypted message is opened. Also, when a user asks to verify a signature on a message, the original encoded message contents are typically required to perform the operation, so messages are often stored in their encoded form. Therefore, each time such an encoded message is opened or displayed for example, the decoding operations must be repeated as well.

There is therefore a general need for a faster and less processor-intensive message processing system and method.

SUMMARY

A method for processing messages at a message receiver may include the steps of receiving an encoded message, decoding the received message, and storing the decoded message to memory, wherein the stored decoded message is used for subsequent processing of the received message.

As will be appreciated, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description of example embodiments set forth below are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is an overview of an example communication system in which a mobile device may be used.

Fig 2 is a block diagram of a further example communication system including multiple networks and multiple mobile devices.

Fig 3 illustrates an example system for transferring messages that were encoded by encryption and possibly signing using S/MIME or similar techniques.

Fig. 3a shows a general encoded message format.

Fig. 4 is a flow diagram representing a method for initial processing of an encoded message.

Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of a message processing method for previously decoded messages.

Figs. 6 and 7 are block diagrams depicting processing of messages involving a mobile device.

Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing an example communication system.

Fig. 9 is a block diagram of an alternative example communication system.

Fig. 10 is a block diagram of another alternative communication system.

Fig. 11 is a block diagram of an example mobile device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is an overview of an example communication system in which a mobile device may be used. One skilled in the art will appreciate that there may be hundreds of different topologies, but the system shown in Fig. 1 helps demonstrate the operation of the encoded message processing systems and methods described in the present application. There may also be many message senders and recipients. The system shown in Fig. 1 is for illustrative purposes only, and shows perhaps the most prevalent Internet e-mail environment where security is not generally used.

Fig. 1 shows an e-mail sender 10, the Internet 20, a message server system 40, a wireless gateway 85, wireless infrastructure 90, a wireless network 105 and a mobile device 100.

An e-mail sender system 10 may, for example, be connected to an ISP (Internet Service Provider) on which a user of the system 10 has an account, located within a company, possibly connected to a local area network (LAN), and connected to the Internet 20, or connected to the Internet 20 through a large ASP (application service provider) such as America Online (AOL). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems shown in Fig. 1 may instead be connected to a wide area network (WAN) other than the Internet, although e-mail transfers are commonly accomplished through Internet-connected arrangements as shown in Fig. 1.

The message server 40 may be implemented on a network computer within the firewall of a corporation, a computer within an ISP or ASP system or the like, and acts as the main interface for e-mail exchange over the Internet 20. Although other messaging systems might not require a message server system 40, a mobile device 100 configured for receiving and possibly sending e-mail will normally be associated with an account on a message server. Two common message servers are Microsoft Exchange™ and Lotus Domino™. These products are often used in conjunction with Internet mail routers that route and deliver mail. These intermediate components are not shown in Fig. 1, as they do not directly play a role in the encoded message processing described below. Message servers such as server 40 typically extend beyond just e-mail sending and receiving; they also include dynamic database storage engines that have predefined database formats for data like calendars, to-do lists, task lists, e-mail and documentation.

The wireless gateway 85 and infrastructure 90 provide a link between the Internet 20 and wireless network 105. The wireless infrastructure 90 may determine the most likely network for locating a given user and track users as they roam between countries or networks. A message is then delivered to the mobile device 100 via wireless transmission, typically at a radio frequency (RF), from a base station in the wireless network 105 to the mobile device 100. The particular network 105 may be virtually any wireless network over which messages may be exchanged with a mobile device.

As shown in Fig. 1, a composed e-mail message 15 is sent by the e-mail sender 10, located somewhere on the Internet 20. This message 15 is normally fully in the clear and uses traditional Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), RFC822 headers and Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) body parts to define the format of the mail message. These techniques are all well known to those skilled in the art. The message 15 arrives to the message server 40 and is normally stored in a message store. Most known messaging systems support a so-called "pull" message access scheme, wherein a mobile device 100 requests that stored messages be forwarded by the message server 40 to the mobile device 100. Some systems provide for automatic routing of such messages which are addressed using a specific e-mail address associated with the mobile device 100. Messages may be addressed to a message server account associated with a host system such as a home computer or office computer which belongs to the user of a mobile device 100 and redirected from the message server 40 to the mobile device 100 as they are received.

Regardless of the specific mechanism controlling the forwarding of messages to a mobile device 100, the message 15, or possibly a translated or reformatted version thereof, is sent to the wireless gateway 85. The wireless infrastructure 90 includes a series of connections to wireless network 105. These connections could be Integrated Services Digital

Network (ISDN), Frame Relay or TI connections using the TCP/IP protocol used throughout the Internet. The wireless network 105 may include different types of networks, such as (1) data-centric wireless networks, (2) voice-centric wireless networks and (3) dual-mode networks that can support both voice and data communications over the same physical base stations. The newest of these combined dual-mode networks include, but are not limited to (1) modem Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, (2) the Groupe Special Mobile or the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network, and (3) the future third-generation (3G) networks like Enhanced Data-rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS). GPRS is a data overlay on the very popular GSM wireless network, operating in virtually every country in Europe. Some older examples of data-centric network include the Mobitex™ Radio Network, and the DataTAC™ Radio Network. Examples of older voice-centric data networks include Personal Communication Systems (PCS) networks like GSM and TDMA systems that have been available in North America and world-wide for nearly 10 years.

Fig 2 is a block diagram of a further example communication system including multiple networks and multiple mobile devices. The system of Fig. 2 is substantially similar to the Fig. 1 system, but includes a host system 30, a redirection program 45, a mobile device cradle 65, a wireless virtual private network (VPN) router 75, an additional wireless network 110 and multiple mobile devices 100. As described above in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 represents an overview of a sample network topology. Although the encoded message processing systems and methods described herein may be applied to networks having many different topologies, the network of Fig. 2 is useful in understanding an automatic e-mail redirection system mentioned briefly above. The central host system 30 will typically be a corporate office or other LAN, but may instead be a home office computer or some other private system where mail messages are being exchanged. Within the host system 30 is the message server 40, mnning on some computer within the firewall of the host system 30, that acts as the main interface for the host system 30 to exchange e-mail with the Intemet 20. In the system of Fig. 2, the redirection program 45 enables redirection of data items from the server 40 to a mobile device 100. Although the redirection program 45 is shown to reside on the same machine as the message server 40 for ease of presentation, there is no requirement that it must reside on the message server 40. The redirection program 45 and the message server 40 are designed to co-operate and interact to allow the pushing of information to mobile devices 100. In this installation, the redirection program 45 takes confidential and non-confidential corporate information for a specific user and redirects it out through the corporate firewall to mobile devices 100. A more detailed description of the redirection software 45 may be found in the commonly assigned United States Patent 6,219,694 ("the '694 Patent"), entitled "System and Method for Pushing Information From A Host System To A Mobile Data Communication Device Having A Shared Electronic Address", and issued to the assignee of the instant application on April 17, 2001, and United States Patent Applications S/N 09/401,868, S/N 09/545,963, S/N 09/528,495, S/N 09/545,962, and S/N 09/649,755, all of which are hereby incorporated into the present application by reference. This push technique may use a wireless friendly encoding, compression and encryption technique to deliver all information to a mobile device, thus effectively extending the security firewall to include each mobile device 100 associated with the host system 30.

- As shown in Fig. 2, there may be many alternative paths for getting information to the mobile device 100. One method for loading information onto the mobile device 100 is through a port 50, using a device cradle 65. This method tends to be useful for bulk information updates often performed at initialization of a mobile device 100 with the host system 30 or a computer 35 within the host system 30. The other main method for data exchange is over-the-air using wireless networks to deliver the information. As shown in Fig. 2, this may be accomplished through a wireless VPN router 75 or through a traditional Internet connection 95 to a wireless gateway 85 and a wireless infrastracture 90, as described above. The concept of a wireless VPN router 75 is new in the wireless industry and implies that a VPN connection could be established directly through a specific wireless network 110 to a mobile device 100. The possibility of using a wireless VPN router 75 has only recently been available and could be used when the new Internet Protocol (IP) Version 6 (IPV6) arrives into IP-based wireless networks. This new protocol will provide enough IP addresses to dedicate an IP address to every mobile device 100 and thus make it possible to push information to a mobile device 100 at any time. A principal advantage of using this wireless VPN router 75 is that it could be an off-the-shelf VPN component, thus it would not require a separate wireless gateway 85 and wireless infrastructure 90 to be used. A VPN connection may be a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/IP or User Datagram Protocol (UDP)/IP connection to deliver the messages directly to the mobile device 100. If a wireless VPN 75 is not available then a link 95 to the Internet 20 is the most common connection mechanism available and has been described above.

In the automatic redirection system of Fig. 2, a composed e-mail message 15 leaving the e-mail sender 10 arrives to the message server 40 and is redirected by the redirection program 45 to the mobile device 100. As this redirection takes place, the message 15 is re- enveloped, as indicated at 80, and a possibly proprietary compression and encryption algorithm can then be applied to the original message 15. In this way, messages being read on the mobile device 100 are no less secure than if they were read on a desktop workstation such as 35 within the firewall of the host system 30. All messages exchanged between the redirection program 45 and the mobile device 100 may use this message repackaging technique. Another goal of this outer envelope is to maintain the addressing information of the original message except the sender's and the receiver's address. This allows reply messages to reach the appropriate destination, and also allows the "from" field to reflect the mobile user's desktop address. Using the user's e-mail address from the mobile device 100 allows the received message to appear as though the message originated from the user's desktop system 35 rather than the mobile device 100.

Turning back to the port 50 and cradle 65 connectivity to the mobile device 100, this connection path offers many advantages for enabling one-time data exchange of large items. For those skilled in the art of personal digital assistants (PDAs) and synchronization, the most common data exchanged over this link is Personal Information Management (PEVI) data 55. When exchanged for the first time this data tends to be large in quantity, bulky in nature and requires a large bandwidth to get loaded onto the mobile device 100 where it can be used on the road. This serial link may also be used for other purposes, including setting up a private security key 210 such as an S/MEVIE or PGP specific private key, the digital Certificate (Cert) of the user and their Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) 60. The private key may be exchanged so that the desktop 35 and mobile device 100 share at least one personality and one method for accessing all mail. The Cert and CRLs are normally exchanged because they represent a large part of S/MEVIE, PGP and other public key security methods. A certificate chain is a Cert along with a number of other Certs required to verify that the original Cert is authentic. The receiver of the message is able to verify that each Cert in the chain was signed by the next Cert in the chain, until a Cert is found that was signed by a root Cert from a trusted source, perhaps from a large Public Key Server (PKS) associated with a Certificate Authority (CA) such as Verisign or Entrust for example, both prominent companies in the area of public key cryptography. Once such a root Cert is found, a signature can be verified and trusted, since both the sender and receiver trust the source of the root Cert.

Although the encoded message processing systems and methods described herein are in no way dependent upon pre-loading of information from a host computer or a computer 35 in a host system 30 through a port arrangement, such pre-loading of typically bulky information such as Certs and CRLs may facilitate transmission of encoded messages, particularly those that have been encrypted and/or signed or require additional information for processing, to mobile devices 100. If an alternate mechanism for transferring such messages, like S MEVIE or PGP e-mail messages, for example, to a mobile device is available, then these messages may also be processed as described herein.

Having described several typical communication network arrangements, the transfer and processing of encoded e-mail messages will now be described in further detail. Encoding may include such operations as signing, encryption, encoding such as Base-64 or ASN.l encoding, more general encoding by otherwise reversibly transforming data, or any combination thereof. Similarly, decoding may therefore include any processing operations necessary to invert or reverse any encoding applied to a message.

Encoded e-mail messages generated using the S/MEVIE and PGP techniques normally include encrypted information, and/or a digital signature of the message contents. In signed S/MEVIE operations, the sender takes a digest of a message and signs the digest using the sender's private key. A digest may be a check-sum, CRC or other non-reversible operation such as a hash on the message. The digest, the digest signature, the Cert of the sender, and any chained Certs and CRLs may all be appended to the outgoing message. The receiver of this signed message also takes a digest of the message, then retrieves the sender's public key, checks the Cert and CRLs to ensure that the Cert is valid and trusted, and verifies the digest signature. Finally, the two digests are compared to see if they match. If the message content has been changed, then the digests will be different or the digest signature will not be verified. A digital signature does not prevent anyone from seeing the contents of the message, but does ensure the message has not been tampered with and is from the actual person as indicated on the 'From' field of the message.

In encrypted S/MIME message operations, a one-time session key is generated and used for each message, and is never re-used for other messages. The session key is then further encrypted using the receiver's public key. If the message is addressed to more than one receiver, the same session key is encrypted using the public key of each receiver. Only when all receivers have an encoded session key is the message then sent to each receiver. Since the e-mail retains only one form, all encrypted session keys are sent to every receiver, even though they cannot use these other session keys. Each receiver then locates its own session key, possibly based on a generated recipient information summary of the receivers that may be attached to the message, and decrypts the session key using its private key. Once the session key is decrypted, it is then used to decrypt the message body. The S/MEVIE recipient information or "Recipientlnfo" attachment can also specify a particular encryption scheme that is to be used to decrypt the message. This information is normally placed in the header of the S/MEVIE message.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these operations relate to an illustrative example of S/MEVIE messaging and its associated encoding operations, namely encryption and/or signing. However, the operations are in no way restricted thereto. Encryption and signing are merely two examples of the type of encoding operations to which the systems and methods described herein may be applied.

Referring now to Fig. 3, encoded message transfer will be described in further detail. Fig 3 illustrates an example system for transferring messages that were encoded by encryption and possibiy signing using S/MEVIE or similar techniques. In Fig. 3, User X at system 10 creates a mail message 15 and decides to encrypt and sign the message. To achieve this, the system 10 first creates a session key and encrypts the message. Then the public key for each recipient is retrieved from either local storage or a Public Key Server (PKS) (not shown) on the Internet 20, for example, if public key cryptography is used. Other crypto schemes may instead be used, although public key cryptography tends to be common, particularly when a system includes a large number of possible correspondents. In a system such as shown in Fig. 3, there may be millions of e-mail systems such as 10 that may from time to time wish to exchange messages with any other e- mail systems. Public key cryptography provides for efficient key distribution among such large numbers of correspondents. For each recipient, the session key is encrypted, as shown at A, B and C for three intended recipients, and attached to the message preferably along with the recipient information (e.g., Recipientlnfo section). Once the encryption is complete, a digest of the new message, including the encrypted session keys, is taken and this digest is signed using the sender's private key. In the case where the message is signed first a digest of the message would be taken without the encrypted session keys. This digest, along with all the signed components, would be encrypted using a session key and each session key would be further encrypted using each recipient's public key if public key crypto is used, or another key associated with each recipient if the sender is able to securely exchange e-mail with one or more recipients through some alternate crypto arrangement.

This encrypted and signed message 200, with the session keys 205 and digital signature and signature-related information 305, is sent to the message server 40 running on a computer system. As described above, the message server 40 may process the message and place it into the appropriate user's mailbox. Depending upon the mobile device e-mail access scheme, a mobile device 100 may request the e-mail from the message server 40, or redirection software 45 (see Fig. 2) may detect the new message and begin the redirection process to forward the new e-mail message to each recipient that has a mobile device 100.

Alternatively, the e-mail message and attachments may possibly be sent directly to a mobile device 100 instead of or in addition to a message server 40. Any of the transfer mechanisms described above, including over the Internet 20 through a wireless gateway and infrastructure 85/90 and one or more wireless networks 110 or through the Internet 20 and wireless network 110 using a wireless VPN router 75 (Fig. 2) may be used to forward the e-mail message and attachments to a mobile device 100. Other transfer mechanisms that are currently known or may become available in the future, may also be used to send the message and attachments to a mobile device 100.

Fig. 3 illustrates receipt of the entire message on each mobile device 100. Before the message is sent to a mobile device 100, the signature or encryption sections of the message may instead be re-organized and only the necessary portions sent to each mobile device 100, as described in detail in United States Patent Applications, Serial No. 60/297,681, titled "An Advanced System and Method for Compressing Secure E-Mail for Exchange with a Mobile Data Communication Device", filed on June 12, 2001, and Serial No. 60/365,535, titled "Advanced System And Method For Compressing Secure E-Mail For Exchange With A Mobile Data Communication Device", filed on March 20, 2002, both assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated in their entirety herein by reference. These earlier applications disclose several schemes for rearranging secure messages and limiting the amount of information sent to a mobile device. For example, in accordance with one scheme described in the above applications, the message server system determines the appropriate session key for each mobile device and sends only that encrypted session key with the message to the mobile device. The above applications also disclose techniques for limiting signature-related information that is to be sent to a mobile device with an encrypted and signed message. For example, a message server may verify digital signature in a signed message and send the mobile device the result of the verification.

Although Fig. 3 shows entire messages, with all encrypted session keys and signature-related attachments, at each mobile device 100, the present encoded message processing techniques may be applied when only parts of an encoded message, such as only the encrypted session key for the particular mobile device 100, are forwarded to the mobile device 100 with the message. Other encrypted session keys and signature information may or may not necessarily be received at the mobile device.

If the message is not signed, such that X's signature and other signature-related information including X's CRLs, X's Cert and other chained Certs would not be part of the message, or the message was signed before it was encrypted, then when a user of a mobile device 100 opens the message, the appropriate encrypted session key is found and decrypted. However, if the message was signed after being encrypted then the signature is preferably first verified and the correct session key is then found and decrypted. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, session key decryption commonly involves the further security operation of entering a password or passphrase preferably known only to the user of a mobile device.

As described earlier, before a message can be displayed to the user, it must first be decoded (possibly including a decrypting the message), and any decoding steps may require a long time to complete. The decoding steps can be performed earlier and the resultant decoded message can be stored in a memory. The decoded message may then be retrieved quickly when the decoded message is required for display or further processing.

For example, consider first a message that is encoded by being signed but not encrypted. The contents of the message are not secret in this case, but they have nonetheless been encoded in some way. When the message is decoded, in this example by verifying the digital signature, it is stored in a temporary storage area such as in a random access memory (RAM) on a mobile device 100. The next time the message must be decoded, to be displayed or further processed for example, the stored decoded message is instead retrieved from memory. Note that the original encoded message may be retained so that digital signature verification may still be performed using the original encoding if necessary.

As another example, consider an encoded message that is encrypted (and possibly signed). When the message is decrypted, it can also be stored in a temporary storage area such as in RAM on a mobile device 100. The next time the message must be decrypted, the stored decrypted message is retrieved from memory. When both a session key and message content must be decrypted, as for an encrypted S/MEVIE message, retrieval of the decrypted message from memory may be substantially faster than the decryption operations. However, unlike a message that is not encrypted, the contents of the decrypted message are secret and for security reasons should not be stored in RAM for long periods of time, in case an attacker were to gain control of the mobile device. Therefore, as a possible option, the message could be stored for only a short period of time, after which it would automatically be removed from RAM. The length of this short period of time could be configured, for example, by the user or by a system administrator; some such configurations are described below.

Fig. 3 a shows a general encoded message format, and is useful in illustrating a system utilizing temporary message storage. An encoded message 350 will generally include a header portion 352, an encoded body portion 354, and possibly one or more encoded message attachments 356, and one or more encrypted session keys 358. Such a message may also include a digital signature and related information 360 such as CRLs and Certs. As described above, encoded messages such as 350 may include encrypted messages, signed messages, encrypted and signed messages, or otherwise encoded messages.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the header portion typically includes addressing information such as "To", "From" and "CC" addresses* as well as possibly message length, indicators, sender encryption and digital signature scheme identifiers when necessary, and the like. Actual message content will normally include a message body or data portion 354 and possibly one or more file attachments 356, which may be encrypted by the sender using a session key. If a session key was used, it is typically encrypted for each intended recipient and included in the message, as shown at 358. Depending upon the particular message transport mechanism used to send the message to a receiver such as a mobile device 100, the message may include only the specific encrypted session key for that recipient or all session keys. If the message is signed, a digital signature and signature- related information 360 are included. Where the message is signed before encryption, according to a variant of S/MEVIE for example, the digital signature may also be encrypted.

As described in further detail below, if the encoded message is not encrypted, a receiver decodes the message body, and stores the decoded message content so that it may be subsequently viewed and/or processed without repeating the decoding operations. If the message is encrypted, the decoding process may proceed as follows: the receiver locates and decrypts a corresponding encrypted session key, possibly after verifying a digital signature, uses the decrypted session key to decrypt any encrypted message content, and then, if necessary, further decodes the message body, for example where the message body has been base-64 encoded. The resultant decoded message content may also be stored by the receiver, possibly for only a short time for security reasons, and may be subsequently viewed and/or processed without repeating the decoding operations. It is noted that at least the message body portion 354 may be decoded and stored to memory, although it may also be feasible and advantageous to also store decoded message attachments where desired. It should therefore be understood that stored decoded messages and decoded content may include decoded versions of the message body 354, attachment(s) 356, or both. The format shown in Fig. 3 a is for illustrative purposes only. Encoded messages may have many other formats. For example, as described above, the processing systems and techniques described herein are applicable to signed or unsigned, encrypted or unencrypted, and otherwise encoded messages, such that a received message may not necessarily include the portions related to encryption and/or signing. In addition, the particular message components may appear in a different order than shown in Fig. 3a. Depending upon the message scheme used, a message may include fewer, additional, or different message sections or components.

The temporary storage area in which the decoded message is stored is preferably in a volatile and non-persistent store. The decoded message may, for example, be stored for only a particular period of time, which may preferably be set by a user. A single message storage time period may be set and applied to all messages, although more customized settings are also contemplated. Particularly sensitive messages that normally arrive from certain senders or from senders whose e-mail addresses have the same domain name, for example, may have a specific relatively short decoded message storage period, whereas decoded versions of encoded e-mails received from other senders, perhaps personal contacts, may be stored for a longer period of time. Alternatively, a user may be prompted for a storage time period each time a message is opened or closed. The decoded message storage feature might also be disabled for certain messages or messages received from certain senders. Message storage operations may possibly be automatically controlled by detection of specific predetermined keywords in a message. For example, the text "Top Secret" in an e-mail subject line may be detected by the mobile device when the e-mail is decoded and prevent the decoded message from being stored or delete the decoded message from storage if it had already been stored.

The particular criteria controlling decoded message storage may be determined in accordance with the desired level of security of encoded messages at a mobile device. Storage of decoded message content represents a trade-off between usability and security.

Longer decoded message storage intervals improve usability at the cost of decreased security, since the decoded content of an encoded message may be viewed or processed for a longer period of time after the encoded message is first decoded, without having to decode the message again. A shorter message storage interval reduces the amount of time that decoded message contents remain accessible to an unauthorized user of a mobile device. When the decoded message is removed from storage, an unauthorized user would preferably be required to first correctly enter the device user's password or passphrase in order to decode and view encoded message content, particularly where the encoded message includes encrypted content.

Fig. 4 is a flow diagram representing a method for initial processing of an encoded message. At step 402, a received encoded message is accessed for the first time. If the received message was signed by the sender after being encrypted, as determined at step 404, then the mobile device will attempt to verify the digital signature. If the digital signature is properly verified at step 406, for example by determining a match between digests as described above, processing continues at step 409. Otherwise, the user will typically be given an indication that the signature verification failed, at step 408. Depending upon the particular signature scheme implemented or perhaps in response to a user selection to end processing, a message might not be further processed if the digital signature cannot be verified, and processing ends at step 418. However, in certain circumstances, the user may wish to proceed to view or otherwise process the message, even though the digests do not match and thus the message content may have been altered after the sender signed the message.

If the message was not signed after being encrypted (step 404), when the digital signature is verified (step 406), or processing should continue after a failed digital signature verification attempt (step 408), the mobile device determines in step 409 whether the message was encrypted. If the message was encrypted, the receiving mobile device then locates its corresponding session key in the message at step 410. However, if the session key could not be found or the key required to decrypt the session key is not available, as determined at step 412, for example if the user does not input a correct password or passphrase, then the mobile device cannot decrypt the session key or the message (at step 414) and an error is preferably returned to the user at step 416. When a session key is found and the required decryption key is available (i.e. a correct password or passphrase is entered) on the mobile device, the session key is then decrypted at step 420 and used to decrypt the message, at step 422.

In step 424, the contents of the message, having already been decrypted if required, are further decoded, if necessary, according to the particular encoding used to send the message. The decoded message is then preferably stored to a non-persistent store at step 426. Any determinations relating to whether the decoded message should be stored or for how long the decoded message should be stored would be performed as part of step 426. When decoding operations have been completed, the decoded message is displayed or further processed at step 432, and the process ends at step 418.

As described above, the overall decoding scheme shown in Fig. 4 may include any of the operations of digital signature verification, decryption and further decoding, normally in a reverse order in which such operations were applied to a message by a message sender. Although Fig. 4 illustrates digital signature verification, decryption and further decoding, it will be apparent that these, operations may be performed in a different order when required. For example, where the received encoded message was signed by the sender before being encrypted, the digital signature will be verified after the message is decrypted.

Fig. 4 illustrated temporary storage of a decoded message, and Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of a message processing method for previously decoded messages. With reference to Fig. 5, step 502 represents an operation of accessing a message that has previously been decoded. New messages are processed as described above and shown in Fig. 4. Since the message being accessed in step 502 has previously been decoded, if a digital signature is appended to the message, it may have already been verified. If not, or if the digital signature should be verified again, for example where a new CRL has been loaded onto the mobile device, a positive determination is made at step 504. At step 506, digital signature verification operations are performed. Steps 508 and 510 operate substantially as described above in reference to the digital signature verification steps 406 and 408 in Fig. 4. Where the digital signature is not be verified, processing may either end at step 511 or continue at step 512.

If the digital signature need not be verified, is verified, or processing should continue even if a digital signature could not be verified, then the mobile device checks to see if the decoded version of the message is currently in storage, at step 512. As described above, the message is preferably stored in a non-persistent store and may be stored for a certain time period. Thus, if the time period has expired, the mobile device has lost power or been turned off since the message was stored, or the message was not stored at all, then processing reverts to initial message processing at step 409 (Fig. 4), as indicated at 514. Since the message is not in memory, it is decoded again in order to be viewed or processed. If the decoded message is found in storage, then message decoding operations are avoided and the message can thereby be displayed or processed much more quickly than in known message processing schemes. The mobile device need only retrieve the stored message and display or process it (at step 516).

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that an encoded message processing method need not necessarily include all of the steps shown in Figs. 4 and 5, or may include further steps and operations in addition thereto. The operations may also be performed in a different order. For example, a message that was both signed and encrypted may have been signed and then encrypted, or encrypted and then signed. Depending on the order in which such operations were applied when the message was sent, the order in which the verification and decryption steps are applied also change when the message is received. Other variations of the methods and systems described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art and as such are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

As further examples of the wide scope of the systems and methods described herein, Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate additional situations where encoded messages are handled by a mobile device'. Fig. 6 depicts an example wherein a wireless connector system 606 transmits a message 604 from a sender 602 that is addressed to one or more message receivers. In this example, the sender's encoded message 604 is an encrypted message that includes encrypted content and further includes encryption accessing information (e.g., a session key or other equivalent technique) which allows the decryption of the encrypted content. The encoded message 604 also may be signed or unsigned.

The wireless connector system 606 may use a host system 608 in its transmission of the message 604 to a mobile device 614. The wireless connector system 606 may perform authentication and/or encryption message processing upon the sender's message 604, or the wireless connector system may be of the type that does not perform any authentication and/or encryption message processing.

The encoded message 604 is then transmitted to the mobile device 614. The mobile device 614 decodes the message 604 and uses a storage software module 622 to store the decoded message content portion 616 in memory 618 which is volatile and non-persistent. The memory 618 may include a message access data structure 620 to store the decoded message content portion 616 as well as access information (e.g., signature verification information) in the memory 618. The message access data structure 620 is described in further detail below in conjunction with Fig. 6.

Fig. 7 depicts a message access data structure 620 for use when the decoded message may be accessed multiple times. In this example, several messages' decoded content is stored in the message access data structure 620, such as a first decoded message 710 and a second decoded message 720. If the decoded contents of the first message are accessed multiple times as shown at 700, then the mobile device 614 uses an accessing software module 702 to retrieve the first message's decoded content 710 from memory 618. The retrieved information 710 is provided for use by the user of the mobile device or by a software application that requested the content, for example.

The system and method may also store message accessing information (712, 722), such as digital signature verification information or a session key, in the message access data structure 620. For example, the accessing software module 702 retrieves the first message's digital signature verification information 712 if the information is needed to verify a digital signature of the first message. Associations (714, 724) may be formed in the message access data structure 620 to indicate which decoded messages are associated with which message accessing information. In this way, the accessing software module 702 may recognize which data is associated with which messages. It should be understood that other types of accessing information may be stored and associated with decoded messages, such as the expiration time before a decoded message is removed from memory 618.

Still further examples of the wide scope of the systems and methods disclosed herein are illustrated in Figs. 8-10. Figs. 8-10 describe additional uses of the systems and methods within different exemplary communication systems. Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing an example communication system. In Fig. 8, there is shown a computer system 802, a WAN 804, corporate LAN 806 behind a security firewall 808, wireless infrastracture 810, wireless networks 812 and 814, and mobile devices 816 and 818. The corporate LAN 806 includes a message server 820, a wireless connector system 828, a data store 817 including at least a plurality of mailboxes 819, a desktop computer system 822 having a communication link directly to a mobile device such as through physical connection 824 to an interface or connector 826, and a wireless VPN router 832. Operation of the system in Fig. 8 will be described below with reference to the messages 833, 834 and 836.

The computer system 802 may, for example, be a laptop, desktop or palmtop computer system configured for connection to the WAN 804. Such a computer system may connect to the WAN 804 via an ISP or ASP. Alternatively, the computer system 802 may be a network-connected computer system that, like the computer system 822 for example, accesses the WAN 804 through a LAN or other network. Many modem mobile devices are enabled for connection to a WAN through various infrastructure and gateway arrangements, so that the computer system 802 may also be a mobile device.

The corporate LAN 806 is an illustrative example of a central, server-based messaging system that has been enabled for wireless communications. The corporate LAN 806 may be referred to as a "host system", in that it hosts both a data store 817 with mailboxes 819 for messages, as well as possibly further data stores (not shown) for other data items, that may be sent to or received from mobile devices 816 and 818, and the wireless connector system 828, the wireless VPN router 832, or possibly other components enabling communications between the corporate LAN 806 and one or more mobile devices 816 and 818. In more general terms, a host system may be one or more computers at, with or in association with which a wireless connector system is operating. The corporate LAN 806 is one preferred embodiment of a host system, in which the host system is a server computer running within a corporate network environment operating behind and protected by at least one security communications firewall 808. Other possible central host systems include ISP, ASP and other service provider or mail systems. Although the desktop computer system 824 and interface/connector 826 may be located outside such host systems, wireless communication operations may be similar to those described below. The corporate LAN 806 implements the wireless connector system 828 as an associated wireless communications enabling component, which will normally be a software program, a software application, or a software component built to work with at least one or more message server. The wireless connector system 828 is used to send user-selected information to, and to receive information from, one or more mobile devices 816 and 818, via one or more wireless networks 812 and 814. The wireless connector system 828 may be a separate component of a messaging system, as shown in Fig. 8, or may instead be partially or entirely incorporated into other communication system components. For example, the message server 820 may incorporate a software program, application, or component implementing the wireless connector system 828, portions thereof, or some or aU of its functionality.

The message server 820, running on a computer behind the firewall 808, acts as the main interface for the corporation to exchange messages, including for example electronic mail, calendaring data, voice mail, electronic documents, and other PEVI data with the WAN 804, which will typically be the Internet. The particular intermediate operations and computers will be dependent upon the specific type of message delivery mechanisms and networks via which messages are exchanged, and therefore have not been shown in Fig. 8. The functionality of the message server 820 may extend beyond message sending and receiving, providing such features as dynamic database storage for data like calendars, todo lists, task lists, e-mail and documentation, as described above.

Message servers such as 820 normally maintain a plurality of mailboxes 819 in one or more data stores such as 817 for each user having an account on the server. The data store

817 includes mailboxes 819 for a number of ("n") user accounts. Messages received by the message server 820 that identify a user, a user account, a mailbox, or possibly another address associated with a user, account or mailbox 819 as a message recipient will typically be stored in the corresponding mailbox 819. If a message is addressed to multiple recipients or a distribution list, then copies of the same message may be stored to more than one mailbox 819. Alternatively, the message server 820 may store a single copy of such a message in a data store accessible to all of the users having an account on the message server, and store a pointer or other identifier in each recipient's mailbox 819. In typical messaging systems, each user may then access his or her mailbox 819 and its contents using a messaging client such as Microsoft Outlook or Lotus Notes, which normally operates on a PC, such as the desktop computer system 822, connected in the LAN 806. Although only one desktop computer system 822 is shown in Fig. 8, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a LAN will typically contain many desktop, notebook and laptop computer systems. Each messaging client normally accesses a mailbox 819 through the message server 820, although in some systems, a messaging client may enable direct access to the data store 817 and a mailbox 819 stored thereon by the desktop computer system 822. Messages may also be downloaded from the data store 817 to a local data store (not shown) on the desktop computer system 822.

Within the corporate LAN 806, the wireless connector system 828 operates in conjunction with the message server 820. The wireless connector system 828 may reside on the same computer system as the message server 820, or may instead be implemented on a different computer system. Software implementing the wireless connector system 828 may also be partially or entirely integrated with the message server 820. The wireless connector system 828 and the message server 820 are preferably designed to cooperate and interact to allow the pushing of information to mobile devices 816, 818. In such an installation, the wireless connector system 828 is preferably configured to send information that is stored in one or more data stores associated with the corporate LAN 806 to one or more mobile devices 816, 818, through the corporate firewall 808 and via the WAN 804 and one of the wireless networks 812, 814. For example, a user that has an account and associated mailbox

819 in the data store 817 may also have a mobile device, such as 816. As described above, messages received by the message server 820 that identify a user, account or mailbox 819 are stored to a corresponding mailbox 819 by the message server 820. If a user has a mobile device, such as 816, messages received by the message server 820 and stored to the user's mailbox 819 are preferably detected by the wireless connector system 828 and sent to the user's mobile device 816. This type of functionality represents a "push" message sending technique. The wireless connector system 828 may instead employ a "pull" technique, in which items stored in a mailbox 819 are sent to a mobile device 816, 818 responsive to a request or access operation made using the mobile device, or some combination of both techniques.

The use of a wireless connector 828 thereby enables a messaging system including a message server 820 to be extended so that each user's mobile device 816, 818 has access to stored messages of the message server 820. Although the systems and methods described herein are not restricted solely to a push-based technique, a more detailed description of push-based messaging may be found in the United States Patent and Applications incorporated by reference above. This push technique uses a wireless friendly encoding, compression and encryption technique to deliver all information to a mobile device, thus effectively extending the company firewall 808 to include the mobile devices 816, 818.

As shown in Fig. 8, there are several paths for exchanging information with a mobile device 816, 818 from the corporate LAN 806. One possible information transfer path is through the physical connection 824 such as a serial port, using an interface or connector 826. This path may be useful for example for bulk information updates often performed at initialization of a mobile device 816, 818 or periodically when a user of a mobile device 816, 818 is working at a computer system in the LAN 806, such as the computer system 822. For example, as described above, PIM data is commonly exchanged over such a connection, for example a serial port connected to an appropriate interface or connector 826 such as a cradle in or upon which a mobile device 816, 818 may be placed. The physical connection 824 may also be used to transfer other information from a desktop computer system 822 to a mobile device 816, 818, including private security keys ("private keys") such as private encryption or signature keys associated with the desktop computer system 822, or other relatively bulky information such as Certs and CRLs, used in some secure messaging schemes such as S/MEVIE and PGP.

Private key exchange using a physical connection 824 and connector or interface 826 allows a user's desktop computer system 822 and mobile device 816 or 818 to share at least one identity for accessing all encrypted and/or signed mail. The user's desktop computer system 822 and mobile device 816 or 818 can also thereby share private keys so that either the host system 822 or mobile device 816 or 818 can process secure messages addressed to the user's mailbox or account on the message server 820. The transfer of Certs and CRLs over such a physical connection may be desirable in that they represent a large amount of the data that is required for S/MEVIE, PGP and other public key security methods. A user's own Cert, a chain of Cert(s) used to verify the user's Cert, and CRL, as well as Certs, Cert chains and CRLs for other users, may be loaded onto a mobile device 816, 818 from the user's desktop computer system 822. This loading of other user's Certs and CRLs onto a mobile device 816, 818 allows a mobile device user to select other entities or users with whom they might be exchanging secure messages, and to pre-load the bulky information onto the mobile device through a physical connection instead of over the air, thus saving time and wireless bandwidth when a secure message is received from or to be sent to such other users, or when the status of a Cert is to be determined. In known "synchronization" type wireless messaging systems, a physical path has also been used to transfer messages from mailboxes 819 associated with a message server 820 to mobile devices 816 and 818.

Another method for data exchange with a mobile device 816, 818 is over-the-air, through the wireless connector system 828 and using wireless networks 812, 814. As shown in Fig. 8, this could involve a Wireless VPN router 832, if available in the network 806, or, alternatively, a traditional WAN connection to wireless infrastracture 810 that provides an interface to one or more wireless networks 812, 814. The Wireless VPN router 832 provides for creation of a VPN connection directly through a specific wireless network 812 to a wireless device 816. Such a Wireless VPN router 832 may be used in conjunction with a static addressing scheme. For example, if the wireless network 812 is an IP-based wireless network, then IPV6 would provide enough IP addresses to dedicate an IP address to every mobile device 816 configured to operate within the network 812 and thus make it possible to push information to a mobile device 816 at any time. A primary advantage of using a wireless VPN router 832 is that it could be an off-the-shelf VPN component which would not require wireless infrastracture 810. A VPN connection may use a TCP/IP or UDP/TP connection to deliver messages directly to and from a mobile device 816.

If a wireless VPN router 832 is not available, then a link to a WAN 804, normally the Internet, is a commonly used connection mechanism that may be employed by the wireless connector system 828. To handle the addressing of the mobile device 816 and any other required interface functions, wireless infrastracture 810 is preferably used. The wireless infrastructure 810 may also determine a most likely wireless network for locating a given user, and track users as they roam between countries or networks. In wireless networks such as 812 and 814, messages are normally delivered to and from mobile devices 816, 818 via RF transmissions between base stations (not shown) and the mobile devices 816, 818. A plurality of connections to wireless networks 812 and 814 may be provided, including, for example, ISDN, Frame Relay or TI connections using the TCP/IP protocol used throughout the Internet. The wireless networks 812 and 814 could represent distinct, unique and unrelated networks, or they could represent the same network in different countries, and may be any of different types of networks, including but not limited to, data- centric wireless networks, voice-centric wireless networks, and dual-mode networks that can support both voice and data communications over the same or similar infrastracture, such as any of those described above.

In some implementations, more than one over-the-air information exchange mechanism may be provided in the corporate LAN 806. In the exemplary communication system of Fig. 8 for example, mobile devices 816, 818 associated with users having mailboxes 819 associated with user accounts on the message server 820 are configured to operate on different wireless networks 812 and 814. If the wireless network 812 supports IPv6 addressing, then the wireless VPN router 832 may be used by the wireless connector system 828 to exchange data with any mobile device 816 operating within the wireless network 812. The wireless network 814 may be a different type of wireless network, however, such as the Mobitex network, in which case information may instead be exchanged with a mobile device 818 operating within the wireless network 814 by the wireless connector system 828 via a connection to the WAN 804 and the wireless infrastructure 810.

Operation of the system in Fig. 8 will now be described using an example of an e-mail message 833 sent from the computer system 802 and addressed to at least one recipient having both an account and mailbox 819 or like data store associated with the message server 820 and a mobile device 816 or 818. However, the e-mail message 833 is intended for illustrative purposes only. The exchange of other types of information between the corporate LAN 806 is preferably also enabled by the wireless connector system 828. The e-mail message 833, sent from the computer system 802 via the WAN 804, may be fully in the clear, or signed with a digital signature and/or encrypted, depending upon the particular messaging scheme used. For example, if the computer system 802 is enabled for secure messaging using S/MIME, then the e-mail message 833 may be signed, encrypted, or both.

E-mail messages such as 833 normally use traditional SMTP, RFC822 headers and MEVIE body parts to define the format of the e-mail message. These techniques are all well known to one in the art. The e-mail message 833 arrives at the message server 820, which determines into which mailboxes 819 the e-mail message 833 should be stored. As described above, a message such as the e-mail message 833 may include a user name, a user account, a mailbox identifier, or other type of identifier that may be mapped to a particular account or associated mailbox 819 by the message server 820. For an e-mail message 833, recipients are typically identified using e-mail addresses corresponding to a user account and thus a mailbox 819.

The wireless connector system 828 sends or mirrors, via a wireless network 812 or 814, certain user-selected data items or parts of data items from the corporate LAN 806 to the user's mobile device 816 or 818, preferably upon detecting that one or more triggering events has occurred. A triggering event includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: screen saver activation at a user's networked computer system 822, disconnection of the user's mobile device 816 or 818 from the interface 826, or receipt of a command sent from a mobile device 816 or 818 to the host system to start sending one or more messages stored at the host system. Thus, the wireless connector system 828 may detect triggering events associated with the message server 820, such as receipt of a command, or with one or more networked computer systems 822, including the screen saver and disconnection events described above. When wireless access to corporate data for a mobile device 816 or 818 has been activated at the LAN 806, for example when the wireless connector system 828 detects the occurrence of a triggering event for a mobile device user, data items selected by the user are preferably sent to the user's mobile device. In the example of the e-mail message 833, assuming that a triggering event has been detected, the arrival of the message 833 at the message server 820 is detected by the wireless connector system 828. This may be accomplished, for example, by monitoring or querying mailboxes 819 associated with the message server 820, or, if the message server 820 is a Microsoft Exchange server, then the wireless connector system 828 may register for advise syncs provided by the Microsoft Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI) to thereby receive notifications when a new message is stored to a mailbox 819.

When a data item such as the e-mail message 833 is to be sent to a mobile device 816 or 818, the wireless connector system 828 preferably repackages the data item in a manner that is transparent to the mobile device, so that information sent to and received by the mobile device appears similar to the information as stored on and accessible at the host system, LAN 806 in Fig. 8. One preferred repackaging method includes wrapping received messages to be sent via a wireless network 812, 814 in an electronic envelope that corresponds to the wireless network address of the mobile device 816, 818 to which the message is to be sent. Alternatively, other repackaging methods could be used, such as special-purpose TCP/IP wrapping techniques. Such repackaging preferably also results in e-mail messages sent from a mobile device 816 or 818 appearing to come from a corresponding host system account or mailbox 819 even though they are composed and sent from a mobile device. A user of a mobile device 816 or 818 may thereby effectively share a single e-mail address between a host system account or mailbox 819 and the mobile device.

Repackaging of the e-mail message 833 is indicated at 834 and 836. Repackaging techniques may be similar for any available transfer paths or may be dependent upon the particular transfer path, either the wireless infrastracture 810 or the wireless VPN router 832.

For example, the e-mail message 833 is preferably compressed and encrypted, either before or after being repackaged at 834, to thereby effectively provide for secure transfer to the mobile device 818. Compression reduces the bandwidth required to send the message, whereas encryption ensures confidentiality of any messages or other information sent to mobile devices 816 and 818. In contrast, messages transferred via a VPN router 832 might only be compressed and not encrypted, since a VPN connection established by the VPN router 832 is inherently secure. Messages are thereby securely sent, via either encryption at the wireless connector system 828, which may be considered a non-standard VPN tunnel or a VPN-like connection for example, or the VPN router 832, to mobile devices 816 and 818. Accessing messages using a mobile device 816 or 818 is thus no less secure than accessing mailboxes at the LAN 806 using the desktop computer system 822.

When a repackaged message 834 or 836 arrives at a mobile device 816 or 818, via the wireless infrastructure 810, or via the wireless VPN router 832, the mobile device 816 or 818 removes the outer electronic envelope from the repackaged message 834 or 836, and performs any required decompression and decryption operations. Messages sent from a mobile device 816 or 818 and addressed to one or more recipients are preferably similarly repackaged, and possibly compressed and encrypted, and sent to a host system such as the LAN 806. The host system may then remove the electronic envelope from the repackaged message, decrypt and decompress the message if desired, and route the message to the addressed recipients.

Another goal of using an outer envelope is to maintain at least some of the addressing information in the original e-mail message 833. Although the outer envelope used to route information to mobile devices 816, 818 is addressed using a network address of one or more mobile devices, the outer envelope preferably encapsulates the entire original e-mail message 833, including at least one address field, possibly in compressed and/or encrypted form. This allows original "To", "From" and "CC" addresses of the e-mail message 833 to be displayed when the outer envelope is removed and the message is displayed on a mobile device 816 or

818. The repackaging also allows reply messages to be delivered to addressed recipients, with the "From" field reflecting an address of the mobile device user's account or mailbox on the host system, when the outer envelope of a repackaged outgoing message sent from a mobile device is removed by the wireless connector system 828. Using the user's account or mailbox address from the mobile device 816 or 818 allows a message sent from a mobile device to appear as though the message originated from the user's mailbox 819 or account at the host system rather than the mobile device.

Fig. 9 is a block diagram of an alternative exemplary communication system, in which wireless communications are enabled by a component associated with an operator of a wireless network. As shown in Fig. 9, the system includes a computer system 802, WAN 804, a corporate LAN 807 located behind a security firewall 808, network operator infrastructure 840, a wireless network 811, and mobile devices 813 and 815. The computer system 802, WAN 804, security firewall 808, message server 820, data store 817, mailboxes

819, and VPN router 835 are substantially the same as the similarly-labelled components in Fig. 8. However, since the VPN router 835 communicates with the network operator infrastracture 840, it need not necessarily be a wireless VPN router in the system of Fig. 9. The network operator infrastracture 840 enables wireless information exchange between the LAN 807 and mobile devices 813, 815, respectively associated with the computer systems 842 and 852 and configured to operate within the wireless network 811. In the LAN 807, a plurality of desktop computer systems 842, 852 are shown, each having a physical connection 846, 856 to an interface or connector 848, 858. A wireless connector system 844, 854 is operating on or in conjunction with each computer system 842, 852. The wireless connector systems 844, 854 are similar to the wireless connector system

828 described above, in that it enables data items, such as e-mail messages and other items that are stored in mailboxes 819, and possibly data items stored in a local or network data store, to be sent from the LAN 807 to one or more mobile devices 813, 815. In Fig. 9 however, the network operator infrastructure 840 provides an interface between the mobile devices 813, 815 and the LAN 807. As above, operation of the system shown in Fig. 9 will be described below in the context of an e-mail message as an illustrative example of a data item that may be sent to a mobile device 813, 815.

When an e-mail message 833, addressed to one or more recipients having an account on the message server 820, is received by the message server 820, the message, or possibly a pointer to a single copy of the message stored in a central mailbox or data store, is stored into the mailbox 819 of each such recipient. Once the e-mail message 833 or pointer has been stored to a mailbox 819, it may preferably be accessed using a mobile device 813 or 815. In the example shown in Fig. 9, the e-mail message 833 has been addressed to the mailboxes 819 associated with both desktop computer systems 842 and 852 and thus both mobile devices 813 and 815.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, communication network protocols commonly used in wired networks such as the LAN 807 and/or the WAN 804 are not suitable or compatible with wireless network communication protocols used within wireless networks such as 811. For example, communication bandwidth, protocol overhead and network latency, which are primary concerns in wireless network communications, are less significant in wired networks, which typically have much higher capacity and speed than wireless networks. Therefore, mobile devices 813 and 815 cannot normally access the data store 817 directly. The network operator infrastracture 840 provides a bridge between the wireless network 811 and the LAN 807. The network operator infrastracture 840 enables a mobile device 813, 815 to establish a connection to the LAN 807 through the WAN 804, and may, for example, be operated by an operator of the wireless network 811 or a service provider that provides wireless communication service for mobile devices 813 and 815. In a pull-based system, a mobile device 813, 815 may establish a communication session with the network operator infrastructure 840 using a wireless network compatible communication scheme, preferably a secure scheme such as Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) when information should remain confidential, and a wireless web browser such as a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) browser. A user may then request (through manual selection or pre-selected defaults in the software residing in the mobile device) any or all information, or just new information for example, stored in a mailbox 819 in the data store 817 at the LAN 807. The network operator infrastracture 840 then establishes a connection or session with a wireless connector system 844, 854, using Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) for example, if no session has already been established. As above, a session between the network operator infrastracture 840 and a wireless connector system 844, 854 may be made via a typical WAN connection or through the VPN router 835 if available. When time delays between receiving a request from a mobile device 813, 815 and delivering requested information back to the device are to be minimized, the network operator infrastracture 840 and the wireless connector systems 844, 854 may be configured so that a communication connection remains open once established.

In the system of Fig. 9, requests originating from mobile device A 813 and B 815 would be sent to the wireless connector systems 844 and 854, respectively. Upon receiving a request for information from the network operator infrastracture 840, a wireless connector system 844, 854 retrieves requested information from a data store. For the e-mail message 833, the wireless connector system 844, 854 retrieves the e-mail message 833 from the appropriate mailbox 819, typically through a messaging client operating in conjunction with the computer system 842, 852, which may access a mailbox 819 either via the message server 820 or directly. Alternatively, a wireless connector system 844, 854 may be configured to access mailboxes 819 itself, directly or through the message server 820. Also, other data stores, both network data stores similar to the data store 817 and local data stores associated with each computer system 842, 852, may be accessible to a wireless connector system 844, 854, and thus to a mobile device 813, 815.

If the e-mail message 833 is addressed to the message server accounts or mailboxes 819 associated with both computer systems 842 and 852 and devices 813 and 815, then the e- mail message 833 may be sent to the network operator infrastructure 840 as shown at 860 and 862, which then sends a copy of the e-mail message to each mobile device 813 and 815, as indicated at 864 and 866. Information may be transferred between the wireless connector systems 844, 854 and the network operator infrastracture 840 via either a connection to the WAN 804 or the VPN router 835. When the network operator infrastracture 840 communicates with the wireless connector systems 844, 854 and the mobile devices 813, 815 via different protocols, translation operations may be performed by the network operator infrastructure 840. Repackaging techniques may also be used between the wireless connector systems 844, 854 and the network operator infrastracture 840, and between each mobile device 813, 815 and the network operator infrastracture 840.

Messages or other information to be sent from a mobile device 813, 815 may be processed in a similar manner, with such information first being transferred from a mobile device 813, 815 to the network operator infrastracture 840. The network operator infrastructure 840 may then send the information to a wireless connector system 844, 854 for storage in a mailbox 819 and delivery to any addressed recipients by the message server 820 for example, or may alternatively deliver the information to the addressed recipients. The above description of the system in Fig. 9 relates to pull-based operations. The wireless connector systems 844, 854 and the network operator infrastracture may instead be configured to push data items to mobile devices 813 and 815. A combined push/pull system is also possible. For example, a notification of a new message or a list of data items currently stored in a data store at the LAN 807 could be pushed to a mobile device 813, 815, which may then be used to request messages or data items from the LAN 807 via the network operator infrastructure 840.

If mobile devices associated with user accounts on the LAN 807 are configured to operate within different wireless networks, then each wireless network may have an associated wireless network infrastracture component similar to 840.

Although separate, dedicated wireless connector systems 844, 854 are shown for each computer system 842, 852 in the system of Fig. 9, one or more of the wireless connector systems 844, 854 may preferably be configured to operate in conjunction with more than one computer system 842, 852, or to access a data store or mailbox 819 associated with more than one computer system. For example, the wireless connector system 844 may be granted access to the mailboxes 819 associated with both the computer system 842 and the computer system 852. Requests for data items from either mobile device A 813 or B 815 may then be processed by the wireless connector system 844. This configuration may be useful to enable wireless communications between the LAN 807 and the mobile devices 813 and 815 without requiring a desktop computer system 842, 852 to be running for each mobile device user. A wireless connector system may instead be implemented in conjunction with the message server 820 to enable wireless communications.

Fig. 10 is a block diagram of another alternative communication system. The system includes a computer system 802, WAN 804, a corporate LAN 809 located behind a security firewall 808, an access gateway 880, data store 882, wireless networks 884 and 886, and mobile devices 888 and 890. In the LAN 809, the computer system 802, WAN 804, security firewall 808, message server 820, data store 817, mailboxes 819, desktop computer system 822, physical connection 824, interface or connector 826 and VPN router 835 are substantially the same as the corresponding components described above. The access gateway 880 and data store 882 provide mobile devices 888 and 890 with access to data items stored at the LAN 809. In Fig. 10, a wireless connector system 878 operates on or in conjunction with the message server 820, although a wireless connector system may instead operate on or in conjunction with one or more desktop computer systems in the LAN 809.

The wireless connector system 878 provides for transfer of data items stored at the LAN 809 to one or more mobile devices 888, 890. These data items preferably include e- mail messages stored in mailboxes 819 in the data store 817, as well as possibly other items stored in the data store 817 or another network data store or a local data store of a computer system such as 822.

As described above, an e-mail message 833 addressed to one or more recipients having an account on the message server 820 and received by the message server 820 may be stored into the mailbox 819 of each such recipient. In the system of Fig. 10, the external data store 882 preferably has a similar structure to, and remains synchronized with, the data store 817. PJVI information or data stored at data store 882 preferably is independently modifiable to the PEVI information or data stored at the host system. In this particular configuration, the independently modifiable information at the external data store 882 may maintain synchronization of a plurality of data stores associated with a user (i.e., data on a mobile device, data on a personal computer at home, data at the corporate LAN, etc.). This synchronization may be accomplished, for example, through updates sent to the data store 882 by the wireless connector system 878 at certain time intervals, each time an entry in the data store 817 is added or changed, at certain times of day, or when initiated at the LAN 809, by the message server 820 or a computer system 822, at the data store 882, or possibly by a mobile device 888, 890 through the access gateway 880. In the case of the e-mail message 833 for example, an update sent to the data store 882 some time after the e-mail message 833 is received may indicate that the message 833 has been stored in a certain mailbox 819 in the store 817, and a copy of the e-mail message will be stored to a corresponding storage area in the data store 882. When the e-mail message 833 has been stored in the mailboxes 819 corresponding to the mobile devices 888 and 890 for example, one or more copies of the e- mail message, indicated at 892 and 894 in Fig. 10, will be sent to and stored in corresponding storage areas or mailboxes in the data store 882. As shown, updates or copies of stored information in the data store 817 may be sent to the data store 882 via a connection to the WAN 804 or the VPN router 835. For example, the wireless connector system 878 may post updates or stored information to a resource in the data store 882 via an HTTP post request. Alternatively, a secure protocol such as HTTPS or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) may be used. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a single copy of a data item stored in more than one location in a data store at the LAN 809 may instead be sent to the data store 882. This copy of the data item could then be stored either in more than one corresponding location in the data store 882, or a single copy may be stored in the data store 882, with a pointer or other identifier of the stored data item being stored in each corresponding location in the data store 882.

The access gateway 880 is effectively an access platform, in that it provides mobile devices 888 and 890 with access to the data store 882. The data store 882 may be configured as a resource accessible on the WAN 804, and the access gateway 880 may be an ISP system or WAP gateway through which mobile devices 888 and 890 may connect to the WAN 804. A WAP browser or other browser compatible with the wireless networks 884 and 886 may then be used to access the data store 882, which is synchronized with the data store 817, and download stored data items either automatically or responsive to a request from a mobile device 888, 890. As shown at 896 and 898, copies of the e-mail message 833, which was stored in the data store 817, may be sent to the mobile devices 888 and 890. A data store (not shown) on each mobile device 888, 890 may thereby be synchronized with a portion, such as a mailbox 819, of a data store 817 on a corporate LAN 809. Changes to a mobile device data store may similarly be reflected in the data stores 882 and 817.

It should be appreciated that the encoded message processing systems and methods described above may be applied at the mobile devices, desktop computer systems through which messages in the mailboxes 819 may be accessed, or both.

Fig. 11 is a block diagram of an example mobile device. The mobile device 100 is a dual-mode mobile device and includes a transceiver 1111, a microprocessor 1138, a display 1122, Flash memory 1124, random access memory (RAM) 1126, one or more auxiliary input/output (I/O) devices 1128, a serial port 1130, a keyboard 1132, a speaker 1134, a microphone 1136, a short-range wireless communications sub-system 1140, and may also include other device sub-systems 1142.

The transceiver 1111 includes a receiver 1112, a transmitter 1114, antennas 1116 and 1118, one or more local oscillators 1113, and a digital signal processor (DSP) 1120. The antennas 1116 and 1118 may be antenna elements of a multiple-element antenna, and are preferably embedded antennas. However, the systems and methods described herein are in no way restricted to a particular type of antenna, or even to wireless communication devices.

Within the Flash memory 1124, the device 100 preferably includes a plurality of software modules 1124A-1124N that can be executed by the microprocessor 1138 (and/or the DSP 1120), including a voice communication module 1124A, a data communication module 1124B, and a plurality of other operational modules 1124N for carrying out a plurality of other functions. The mobile device 100 is preferably a two-way communication device having voice and data communication capabilities. Thus, for example, the mobile device 100 may communicate over a voice network, such as any of the analog or digital cellular networks, and may also communicate over a data network. The voice and data networks are depicted in Fig. 11 by the communication tower 1119. These voice and data networks may be separate communication networks using separate infrastructure, such as base stations, network controllers, etc., or they may be integrated into a single wireless network.

The transceiver 1111 is used to communicate with the network or networks 1119, and includes the receiver 1112, the transmitter 1114, the one or more local oscillators 1113 and may also include the DSP 1120. The DSP 1120 is used to send and receive signals to and from the transceivers 1116 and 1118, and may also provide control information to the receiver 1112 and the transmitter 1114. If the voice and data communications occur at a single frequency, or closely-spaced sets of frequencies, then a single local oscillator 1113 may be used in conjunction with the receiver 1112 and the transmitter 1114. Alternatively, if different frequencies are utilized for voice communications versus data communications for example, then a plurality of local oscillators 1113 can be used to generate a plurality of frequencies corresponding to the voice and data networks 1119. Information, which includes both voice and data information, is communicated to and from the transceiver 1111 via a link between the DSP 1120 and the microprocessor 1138.

The detailed design of the transceiver 1111, such as frequency band, component selection, power level, etc., will be dependent upon the communication network 1119 in which the mobile device 100 is intended to operate. For example, a mobile device 100 intended to operate in a North American market may include a transceiver 1111 designed to operate with any of a variety of voice communication networks, such as the Mobitex or DataTAC mobile data communication networks, AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, PCS, etc., whereas a mobile device 100 intended for use in Europe may be configured to operate with the GPRS data communication network and the GSM voice communication network. Other types of data and voice networks, both separate and integrated, may also be utilized with a mobile device 100.

Depending upon the type of network or networks 1119, the access requirements for the mobile device 100 may also vary. For example, in the Mobitex and DataTAC data networks, mobile devices are registered on the network using a unique identification number associated with each mobile device. In GPRS data networks, however, network access is associated with a subscriber or user of a mobile device. A GPRS device typically requires a subscriber identity module ("SIM"), which is required in order to operate a mobile device on a GPRS network. Local or non-network communication functions (if any) may be operable, without the SEVI device, but a mobile device will be unable to carry out any functions involving communications over the data network 1119, other than any legally required operations, such as '911' emergency calling.

After any required network registration or activation procedures have been completed, the mobile device 100 may the send and receive communication signals, including both voice and data signals, over the networks 1119. Signals received by the antenna 1116 from the communication network 1119 are routed to the receiver 1112, which provides for signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection, etc., and may also provide analog to digital conversion. Analog to digital conversion of the received signal allows more complex communication functions, such as digital demodulation and decoding to be performed using the DSP 1120. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted to the network 1119 are processed, including modulation and encoding, for example, by the DSP 1120 and are then provided to the transmitter 1114 for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission to the communication network 1119 via the antenna 1118.

In addition to processing the communication signals, the DSP 1120 also provides for transceiver control. For example, the gain levels applied to communication signals in the receiver 1112 and the transmitter 1114 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in the DSP 1120. Other transceiver control algorithms could also be implemented in the DSP 1120 in order to provide more sophisticated control of the transceiver 1111.

The microprocessor 1138 preferably manages and controls the overall operation of the mobile device 100. Many types of microprocessors or microcontrollers could be used here, or, alternatively, a single DSP 1120 could be used to carry out the functions of the microprocessor 1138. Low-level communication functions, including at least data and voice communications, are performed through the DSP 1120 in the transceiver 1111. Other, high- level communication applications, such as a voice communication application 1124A, and a data commumcation application 1124B may be stored in the Flash memory 1124 for execution by the microprocessor 1138. For example, the voice communication module 1124A may provide a high-level user interface operable to transmit and receive voice calls between the mobile device 100 and a plurality of other voice or dual-mode devices via the network 1119. Similarly, the data communication module 1124B may provide a high-level user interface operable for sending and receiving data, such as e-mail messages, files, organizer information, short text messages, etc., between the mobile device 100 and a plurality of other data devices via the networks 1119. The microprocessor 1138 also interacts with other device subsystems, such as the display 1122, Flash memory 1124, RAM 1126, auxiliary input/output (I/O) subsystems 1128, serial port 1130, keyboard 1132, speaker 1134, microphone 1136, a short-range communications subsystem 1140 and any other device subsystems generally designated as 1142.

Some of the subsystems shown in Fig. 11 perform communication-related functions, whereas other subsystems may provide "resident" or on-device functions. Notably, some subsystems, such as keyboard 1132 and display 1122 may be used for both communication- related functions, such as entering a text message for transmission over a data communication network, and device-resident functions such as a calculator or task list or other PDA type functions.

Operating system software used by the microprocessor 1138 is preferably stored in a persistent store such as Flash memory 1124. In addition to the operating system, which controls low-level functions of the mobile device 1.110, the Flash memory 1124 may include a plurality of high-level software application programs, or modules, such as a voice commumcation module 1124 A, a data communication module 1124B, an organizer module (not shown), or any other type of software module 1124N. These modules are executed by the microprocessor 1138 and provide a high-level interface between a user and the mobile device 100. This interface typically includes a graphical component provided through the display 1122, and an input output component provided through the auxiliary I/O 1128, keyboard 1132, speaker 1134, and microphone 1136. The operating system, specific device applications or modules, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile store, such as RAM 1126 for faster operation. Moreover, received communication signals may also be temporarily stored to RAM 1126, before permanently writing them to a file system located in a persistent store such as the Flash memory 1124.

An exemplary application module 1124N that may be loaded onto the mobile device 100 is a personal information manager (PIM) application providing PDA functionality, such as calendar events, appointments, and task items. This module 1124N may also interact with the voice communication module 1124A for managing phone calls, voice mails, etc., and may also interact with the data communication module for managing e-mail communications and other data transmissions. Alternatively, all of the functionality of the voice communication module 1124A and the data communication module 1124B may be integrated into the PEVI module.

The Flash memory 1124 preferably also provides a file system to facilitate storage of PEVI data items on the device. The PEVI application preferably includes the ability to send and receive data items, either by itself, or in conjunction with the voice and data communication modules 1124A, 1124B, via the wireless networks 1119. The PEVI data items are preferably seamlessly integrated, synchronized and updated, via the wireless networks 1119, with a corresponding set of data items stored or associated with a host computer system, thereby creating a mirrored system for data items associated with a particular user.

Decoded messages or other message accessing information is preferably stored on the mobile device 100 in a volatile and non-persistent store such as the RAM 1126. Such information may instead be stored in the Flash memory 1124, for example, when storage intervals are relatively short, such that the information is removed from memory soon after it is stored. However, storage of this information in the RAM 1126 or another volatile and non- persistent store is prefeπed, in order to ensure that the information is erased from memory when the mobile device 100 loses power. This prevents an unauthorized party from obtaining any stored decoded messages or message accessing information by removing a memory chip from the mobile device 100, for example.

The mobile device 100 may be manually synchronized with a host system by placing the device 100 in an interface cradle, which couples the serial port 1130 of the mobile device 100 to the serial port of a computer system or device. The serial port 1130 may also be used to enable a user to set preferences through an external device or software application, or to download other application modules 1124N for installation. This wired download path may be used to load an encryption key onto the device, which is a more secure method than exchanging encryption information via the wireless network 1119. Interfaces for other wired download paths may be provided in the mobile device 100, in addition to or instead of the serial port 1130. For example, a USB port would provide an interface to a similarly equipped personal computer.

Additional application modules 1124N may be loaded onto the mobile device 100 through the networks 1119, through an auxiliary I O subsystem 1128, through the serial port 1130, through the short-range communications subsystem 1140, or through any other suitable subsystem 1142, and installed by a user in the Flash memory 1124 or RAM 1126. Such flexibility in application installation increases the functionality of the mobile device 100 and may provide enhanced on-device functions, communication-related functions, or both. For example, secure communication applications may enable electronic commerce functions and other such financial transactions to be performed using the mobile device 100.

When the mobile device 100 is operating in a data communication mode, a received signal, such as a text message or a web page download, will be processed by the transceiver module 1111 and provided to the microprocessor 1138, which will preferably further process the received signal for output to the display 1122, or, alternatively, to an auxiliary I/O device 1128. A user of mobile device 100 may also compose data items, such as e-mail messages, using the keyboard 1132, which is preferably a complete alphanumeric keyboard laid out in the QWERTY style, although other styles of complete alphanumeric keyboards such as the known DVORAK style may also be used. User input to the mobile device 100 is further enhanced with a plurality of auxiliary I/O devices 1128, which may include a thumbwheel input device, a touchpad, a variety of switches, a rocker input switch, etc. The composed data items input by the user may then be transmitted over the communication networks 1119 via the transceiver module 1111.

When the mobile device 100 is operating in a voice communication mode, the overall operation of the mobile device is substantially similar to the data mode, except that received signals are preferably be output to the speaker 1134 and voice signals for transmission are generated by a microphone 1136. Alternative voice or audio I O subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem, may also be implemented on the mobile device 100. Although voice or audio signal output is preferably accomplished primarily through the speaker 1134, the display 1122 may also be used to provide an indication of the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information. For example, the microprocessor 1138, in conjunction with the voice commumcation module and the operating system software, may detect the caller identification information of an incoming voice call and display it on the display 1122.

A short-range communications subsystem 1140 may also be included in the mobile device 100. For example, the subsystem 1140 may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components, or a short-range RF communication module such as a Bluetooth™ module or an 802.11 module to provide for commumcation with similarly-enabled systems and devices. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that "Bluetooth" and "802.11" refer to sets of specifications, available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, relating to wireless personal area networks and wireless local area networks, respectively.

Having described in detail an encoded message processing system and method, it is to be understood that this operation could be carried out with different elements and steps. The above description is presented only by way of example and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention which is defined by claims. For example, although described primarily in the context of a mobile device, the encoded message processing systems and methods described above may reduce processor load and time delays associated with viewing or otherwise accessing encoded messages for which respective messages have been previously decoded. Message decoding operations tend to involve much smaller time delays on desktop computer systems which typically have faster and much more powerful processors than smaller hand-held and portable devices. The power consumption associated with such processor intensive decoding operations also tends to be less of a concern in desktop or other larger computer systems with virtually unlimited power sources. However, the systems and methods described above may nonetheless provide for faster and less intensive encoded message decoding in such systems.