Security device for a gas supply device, especially a compressed air supply device, and the use of said security device for configuring a security fitting

0001Safety device for a gas supply, in particular a compressed air supply and use of the safety device to form a safety valve

0002The invention relates to a safety device for a gas supply, in particular for a compressed air supply for breathing or diving devices, for communicating a residual gas supply pressure to a user of the gas supply by increasing breathing resistance, with a shut-off valve, which is connected between the medium-pressure connection of a pressure reducer and a regulator and whose passage cross-section is reduced to increase the breathing resistance when the gas supply pressure drops to the residual pressure, and with a device for canceling the reduction of the passage cross-section of the shut-off valve and the use of the safety device to form a safety valve.

0003A latent danger in autonomous diving devices, for example, is the depletion of the breathing air supply before surfacing. In order to be able to reliably counteract this danger, various safety devices have been proposed, including the safety device mentioned at the beginning. This safety device is based on a shut-off valve, a so-called reserve valve, which is connected between the pressure reducers provided on the compressed air supply and the regulators and serves to indicate the drop in the air supply pressure due to increasing resistance. This reserve valve usually consists of a spring-loaded valve which is exposed to the pressure at the high pressure connection of the compressed air supply. As long as the supply pressure generates a force on the closing cone of the valve member that is greater than the spring force of the valve, w rα αieses open when air is removed. When the supply pressure drops, the spring force prevails and the valve opens only nccr. with corresponding increased breathing work and finally remains completely closed. The blockage of the cross-section of the valve of the valve is then manually a-ifhooen by a special device, for example by a device in the form of a Heoel-v / erks, which retracts the closing cone of the valve against the spring restoring force and opens with the valve.

0004Part of this well known. The safety device is that the flow resistance of the compressed air and the response pressure of the valve depend strongly on the requested amount of air. That is, as soon as the supply pressure is close to the response pressure of the valve, the user is required to have a high ate aroeit that puts a great strain on him both physically and mentally.

0005In view of this state of the art, the object of the invention is to create a safety device for a gas supply of the type mentioned at the outset which ensures a relatively low level of breathing energy to be below the residual pressure threshold, but then the breathing system^¬ the state was physically tolerable. In addition, the safety device according to the invention should be simple and safe to operate, simple to assemble and simple in construction. This object is achieved by a safety device having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

0006In essence, the invention provides a valve member for a shut-off valve in the form of a deformable and jerkable hose, which ensures constantly low breathing work above the residual pressure threshold and after the perverse valve has been released. The outlet cross-section of the deformable and jerkable hose is controlled according to the invention by means of a pressure monitor which pressurizes the deformable and jerky hose and thus narrows its diameter^'-cross-section only after the pressure drops below the residual pressure, so that up to z_^ at this point in time, constant, constant breathing work is guaranteed. To unlock the shut-off valve (activation of the reserve valve), a vent valve is used according to the invention, which is acted upon by the same pressure monitor only after the residual pressure has fallen below the respiratory gas pressure, and a pressure release on the deformable and jerkable hose is effected by manual actuation, so that with simultaneous visual display of the function of the safety device by escaping air (air bubbles in the water) a passage α-cut of the ver ormoaren and jerkable hose and thus the shut-off valve is guaranteed, which ensures a constantly low breathing effort. The shut-off valve, the pressure monitor and the ventilation valve are preferably not designed as a unit, but as separate individual components^¬ forms, the shut-off valve and the pressure monitor are mechanically and pneumatically connected by means of a sleeve and the venting valve is connected, for example, to a pressure-resistant tire^¬ is connected to the pressure switch.

0007By means of the measure according to the invention explained above^¬ men, in particular by controlling the valve member of the shut-off valve via the pressure switch, it is ensured that the flow resistance of the breathing gas is independent of the requested amount of gas.

0008By connecting the vent valve to the pressure monitor via a connecting hose, it is ensured that the manually operated vent valve can be arranged without problems at a suitable, individually different actuation position.

0009Shut-off valve and pressure switch are advantageously both based on a cylindrical housing, which are arranged axially parallel next to each other, and their connections for the pressure reducer (high and low pressure) under standardized^¬ th mutual distance. This is achieved in that the two cylindrical housings are permanently connected to one another in a predetermined relative position, for example by corresponding one-piece manufacture. However, a separate design of the two cylindrical housings of the shut-off valve and the pressure monitor and their detachable connection via a sleeve is preferred. This sleeve preferably comprises between the two housings a connecting piece which is sealingly connected to the two housings and a connecting channel serving to control the deformable and jerkable hose of the Aosperr valve between the two Ge^¬ houses, over which the actuation pressure for the deformable and jerkable hose is transmitted.

0010The pressure switch can be constructed in a manner known per se for actuating the deformable and jerkable hose. It is preferably based on a hollow piston which is acted upon by the gas pressure from the pressure reducer and on the other hand by a spring and which normally prevents pressure from being applied to the deformable and jerkable hose of the shut-off valve, since the gas pressure above the residual pressure threshold is connected to the deformable and jerkable hose Closing the working chamber from the gas pressure. Pressurized gas only enters the working chamber when the residual pressure threshold is undershot and the force exerted by the residual pressure is less than the force of the spring acting on the piston. The deformable and jerkable hose is constricted by the then pressurized aerodynamic chamber due to the gas pressure applied to it, which increases the breathing work for the user. At the same time, the connection of the working chamber to the venting valve is released in this case, which, for example by manual actuation, reduces the pressure in the working chamber and thus the pressure applied to the deformable, non-deformable hose, producing the original cross section of the shut-off valve.

0011The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show it:

00121 shows a safety device according to the invention with a shut-off valve, a pressure monitor and a vent valve in a sectional view;

0013Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the pressure monitor and the Ab^¬ shut-off valve according to FIG. 1;

00143 shows the vent valve in a detailed vertical sectional view;

0015Fig. 4 shows a pressure reducer with a spring-loaded Kol^¬ ben in a sectional side view; 5 shows a second embodiment of a pressure reducer with a gas-loaded piston in a sectional side view;

00166 shows a connecting bridge for compressed air cylinders for two pressure reducers in a sectional view;

00177 shows a device according to FIG. 6 in a top view;

0018FIG. C shows a further embodiment of a device according to FIG. 6 in a step view;

00199 shows a further embodiment of a device according to FIG. 6 with pressure reducers arranged thereon in a partially sectioned plan view;

0020FIG. 10 shows a device according to FIG. 9 in a partially sectioned side view;

002111 shows a further embodiment of a device according to FIG. 9 with pressure reducers firmly attached to it in a partially sectioned side view;

002212 shows an arrangement of the safety device according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 3 ar a pressure reducer according to FIG. 11 to form a safety valve.

0023A safety device 1 according to the invention (FIGS. 1, 2) comprises a shut-off valve 10, a pressure monitor 11 for controlling the shut-off valve 10, in particular for reducing its gas passage cross section, and a device for restoring the gas passage cross section in the form of a vent valve 12. The essentially 3-part safety device 1, which has the components 10, 11, 12, is used in conjunction with a gas pressure supply, for example for breathing or diving devices, and is used to communicate a residual gas supply pressure to a user of the compressed gas supply by temporarily increasing it of breathing resistance. For this purpose, the shut-off valve 10 is between a medium pressure connection 121 of a pressure reducer 101 (Fig. 4), which in turn is connected, for example, to a compressed air bottle, and an lung regulator via which the user supplies Lira with breathing gas. The medium pressure is controlled by the pressure reducer 101 in such a way that it is approximately 10 bar above the prevailing external pressure. The absolute level of the medium pressure depends, for example, on the depth of the dive and the water pressure there.

0024The shut-off valve 10 as well as the pressure switch 11 are generally cylindrical. In particular, the shut-off valve 10 comprises a cylindrical housing 13 with an inner surface 13a, which is provided on the end side with a threaded connector, namely a male inlet connector 14 and a female outlet connector 15. The connecting nozzles 14, 15 are formed as separate parts and have external threads for screw connection with resp^¬ internal threads at the ends of the housing 13. In order to ensure the required tightness, 13 O-ring seals 16, 17 are arranged in the area between shoulders of the connecting pieces 14, 15 and the ring edge at the ends of the housing. Another O-Rmg Dicntung 18 is on an outer "ring^¬ Shaped shoulder of the outlet connector 14 pre-fitted^¬ hen. The E lassstutzen ^ 14 serves to connect the shut-off^¬ valve 10 to the medium pressure connection 121 of the pressure reducer 101, while the outlet port 15 for connecting the Ab^¬ blocking valve 10 is used on a lung machine, not shown.

0025The valve member of the shut-off valve 10 is by a ver^¬ malleable and jerky hose 19 is formed, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the cylindrical housing 13. In the non-actuated state, the deformable and jerk-deformable hose 19 lies with its outer wall 19a, preferably in a form-fitting and / or full-face manner on the inner surface 13a of the housing 13. The firm fit of the deformable and jerkable or Flexible hose 19 in the housing 13 is effected by a clamp fit, which is provided in the area of ​​the hose end. This press fit is effected by an annular axial extension 20 of the inlet connector 14 and by a similar axial annular extension 21 of the outlet connector 15, which extensions 20, 21 extend into the housing 13 and between their annular outer sides and the cylindrical inner side 13a of the housing 13 take up the ends of the deformable and jerkable hose 19 in a press fit. In order not to have to accept an unnecessarily large reduction in the cross-sectional area of ​​the shut-off valve 10 through the extensions 20, 21, the housing 13 is formed with a larger inner diameter in the area of ​​these extensions 20, 21, so that the deformable and jerkable tube 19 is also provided in the area of ​​each clamp fit is expanded in a step-like manner all the way around, so that the clamp fit and thus the axial tight fit of the hose 19 is also improved. The clamp seat is preferably designed as a conical annular gap, which ensures a further improved tight fit.

0026The shut-off valve 10 has a relatively large free cross-section when the shut-off valve 10 is open, ie undeformed hose 19, which ensures that the breathing gas is used with little breathing work due to its valve member in the form of the deformable and jerkable hose 19.

0027The shut-off valve 10 is controlled between the open and partially closed or closed state by radially constricting the deformable and jerkable hose 19 with the aid of a pressure medium applied to the outside 19a of the hose 19, in the present case the compressed gas from the compressed gas supply, which is supplied by a high pressure connection 132 (Fig. 4) of the pressure reducer reaches the outside 19a of the hose 19 via the pressure monitor 11. The pressure supply for the targeted constriction of the deformable and jerkable hose 19 takes place via a control channel 22 which penetrates the housing 13 radially and which passes through the wall of the housing 13 over half the axial longitudinal extent thereof and which fills out to the outside of the housing 13 and to its inside. If compressed gas is applied radially on the outside via the control channel 22 to the deformable and jerkable tube 19, this is increasingly annularly deformed inward by the pressurization, ie constricted and thus increasingly blocks the axial gas passage through the shut-off valve 10, possibly until the axial gas passage has been completely exhausted through the deformable and jerkable hose 19.

0028The deformable and jerk-deformable hose 19 is gas-tight and is made, for example, of an elastic material, which automatically deforms elastically after being deformed. The hose 19 is preferably formed from silicone, rubber or similar elastomers.

0029In addition, the hose 19 can be made of a flexible and / or pliable or inherently limp material, for example a gas^¬ tightly impregnated or sealed fabric material^¬ forms, which has no elastic Eigenruckfor ability. Hoses 19 made of such a bendable and / or pliable material are printed again by the medium pressure prevailing in the shut-off valve 10, for example after constriction, on the inner wall 13a of the housing 13. It is essential to the invention that for the hose 19 a mate^¬ rial is selected, which can be deformed by the action of gas pressure on the outer surface 19a and is reversible from the deformed state, in particular can be converted into the undeformed state as often as desired. It is also essential that the material of the hose 19 is gas-tight at least to the outside 19a, so that no gas under high pressure can get into the interior of the hose 19.

0030A hose in the sense of the invention is to be understood to form the valve element αes shut-off valve 10 each geoilαe which is suitable for constricting an outlet gas cross-section by constriction from the outside and thus influencing the gas volume flow or gas mass flow. In particular, this also includes hose elements which, for example, ourcn dividers in the hose interior are divided into several separate throughflow channels. Such a tube element is, for example, a honeycomb tube made of an elastomer, which has a plurality of longitudinal flow channels which are separated from one another by preferably elastic partition walls. Such a Scr._a can also have a honeycomb-shaped spatial cross-section with honeycomb through-flow channels arranged in cross-section, for example. It is essential that a hose element designed in this way is provided by feeders. can be deformed on the outside by pressure, in particular e, that the effective cross section of the gas passage can be reduced.

0031In addition, it is within the scope of the invention, as a valve member in the sense of the invention, for example an outside gas^¬ tightly impregnated or coated cylinder made of a porous, gas-permeable material, such as a sponge, which can be deformed by pressurizing it on the outside and, in the deformed state, reduces the gas passage. Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention to bring about the deformation of the hose element for regulating the gas flow in the shut-off valve by indirectly pressurizing the hose element, for example by means of a pressure bag connected to the high pressure, which is inflated when necessary and whose volume expansion constricts the hose element in the shut-off valve 10 causes.

0032Furthermore, the constriction of the Schlaucneiemer.es according to the invention can of course also be carried out mechanically, for example by means of a pressure-controlled slide which acts on the valve in the sense of the invention and thus reduces its effective cross section.

0033The control channel 22 must only run strictly radially, but can be formed at least adjacent to the outside 19a of the deformable and jerkable hose 19 over the entire circumference of the inner wall of the housing 13, for example as an annular channel, around the deformable and jerkable hose 19 uniformly on the outside Apply pressure medium to the circumference.

0034The pressure monitor 11 has a cylindrical housing 23 similar to the shut-off valve 10 with approximately the same dimensions. The housings 23 and 13 are spaced apart from one another and preferably arranged in parallel. At its first end an inlet port 24 is integrally formed on the housing 23 e, which is also designed as the adjacent inlet port 14 of the shut-off valve 10 as a male part with an external thread, with an annular groove for receiving on the outside in the transition area of ​​the inlet port 24 to the larger-than-average part 23 an O-Rmσ seal 25 is formed. At the other end, the housing 23 is provided with an outlet connection 26, which is formed as a part separate from the housing 23 and, for example, into an inner part

0035ll winch is screwed into this end of the housing 23. The outlet connector 26 is sealed off from the housing 23 by means of an O-ring 27, which O-ring 27 is arranged between an annular shoulder of the outlet connector 26 and an annular groove on the inner edge of the housing 23.

0036The pressure monitor 11 can be connected by means of the inlet connection 24 to a high-pressure connection 132 of the pressure reducer 101, while the outlet connection 26 of the pressure monitor 11 is connected to the vent valve 12, for example by means of an aruck-resistant, flexible hose ^ 8.

0037The housing 23 of the pressure monitor 11 is also provided with a lateral control channel 28, which penetrates the wall 23 radially, mouths the interior of the housing 23 and in its outside environment. The housing 23 of the pressure monitor 11 is arranged relative to the housing 13 of the shut-off valve 10 such that these two loci 13, 23 extend axially parallel and lie in the area of ​​the oid control channels 22, 28 at an identical height or. the mouth of the channel 28 is opposite to the mouth of the channel 22, so that these channels 22, 28 escape one another. For tight gas transmission via the control channels 22, 28, a sealing connecting piece 29, for example made of metal, is provided, which is arranged between the housings 13 and 23 and has a passage 30 which is flush with the control channels 22, 28 adjoining it . The connecting piece 29 is part of a connecting sleeve 35, which is eight-shaped in plan view, via which connecting piece 29 two receiving sleeves 35a, 35b for the housings 13, 23 are connected in one piece. The receiving sleeves 35a, 35b have an inner diameter which corresponds to the outer diameter of the housings 13, 23. The cuff 35 serves for the mechanical and pneumatic connection or coupling of the shut-off valve 10 and the pressure monitor 11. In order to make the connection of the housings 13, 23 gas-tight by means of the connecting piece 29, a total of 4 rings 31, 32, 33, 34 are provided, which are arranged in annular grooves on the outside of the housings 13 and 23. In particular, each genause 13, 23 is enclosed by a pair of O-rings on either side of the respective control channel 22, 28. Thus, on both sides of the control channel 22 of the shut-off valve 10 are the O-rims 31, 32 and on both sides of the control channel 28 of the pressure switch _1 there are two O-rims 33 and ^ 34. The arrangement of the O-rims 31-34 is chosen so that it is O-Rmge 31, 32 on the outside of the housing 13 of the shut-off valve 10 are closer to the control channels 22 and 23 than the two O-Rmge 33, 3 ^ a-, f on the outside of the housing 23 of the pressure monitor 11.

0038The arrangement of shut-off valve 10 and pressure monitor 11 explained above is ensured by the sleeve 35 which encloses the housings 13 and 23 together. The connecting piece 29 is preferably formed in one piece as part of the sleeve 35. Means for axially positioning the sleeve 35 relative to these housings 13, 23 are preferably provided on the outside of the housing 13 and / or the housing 23, for example radially from the outside^¬ side of the housing 23 protruding housing 36, for example, a circlip, the collar 35 being located opposite the collar 35 on an annular step of the housing 23 and / or the housing 13 in the axial direction.

0039The housing 23 of the pressure monitor 11 has an inner bore 11a with areas of different diameters. The inner bore 11a has its smallest diameter in the loading^¬ range of the inlet nozzle 24, a first throttle 37 with a throttle bore 37a being arranged in the passage cross section of the inlet nozzle. The first throttle 37 serves as a gas flow restriction throttle if damage is caused by improper handling of the pressure monitors 11, for example by knocking off or breaking off. The diameter of the throttle bore 37a is dimensioned in such a way that the maximum pressure gas loss for diving devices is appropriate, for example is limited to 100 1 / mm at high operating pressure.

0040This area is adjoined by an area slightly larger in diameter from the inside. Inlet stub 24 located in a soft, form-fitting manner, a hollow or annular piston 38 with an axial through-bore 38a is axially displaceably sealed against the bore by means of two 0, 39, 40.

0041The honing piston 38 has an end face 38c surrounding the axial through bore 38a and an end face 38d on the opposite end 38b, the outer diameter of which is somewhat larger than that of the end face 38c.

0042The hollow piston 38 projects with an upper diameter^¬ The larger end 38b in a largest diameter area of ​​the inner bore 11a of the housing 23, which forms a working 41, with the wall 41o, the larger diameter end of the hollow piston 38 forms a Sielspalt 41c. At the upper end 38b of the hollow piston 38, which is larger in diameter, the bore 38a is axially surrounded by a sleeve 42 which extends the through bore 38a.

0043At the hollow piston-side end of the sleeve 42, the through bore 38a is narrowed in a ring shape, so that an overcurrent throttle 41e is formed with an overcurrent throttle bore 41f. The flow restrictor bore 41f has a smaller, in particular a passage cross-section that is smaller by a factor of 2 to 10 compared to the Drosssei bore 37a. The upper end of the sleeve 42 passes through an axial bore 42b of a thread 42a, αer with its external thread in engagement with an internal thread in this area of ​​the internal bore 11a of the housing 22 and parallel to the axial bore 42b has at least one overflow bore 42c which penetrates the thread 42a . The Gewmdermg 42a forms an abutment for an Eπe a spring 43 formed as a compression spring, which surrounds the sleeve -2 and supports the other end at the larger upper end 3So of the hollow piston 38 and this in the direction to the inlet port 24 under tension. The direction of action of the spring 43 on the hollow piston 35 thus runs in the opposite direction to the effectiveness of the pressure gas from the high pressure connection 132 of the pressure reducer 101.

0044At the upper end, the inner bore 11a is delimited by a cover plate 45, which is formed integrally with the outlet connector 26. Pointing to the sleeve 42, the sealing disk 45 is a sealing disk 44, the outer diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the annular upper edge of the sleeve -2. Immediately adjacent to the inner wall of the housing 23 is the mating port 45, the passage 46 is formed, the end disk 45 passes through and thus connects the chamber 41 with the inner bore of the outlet port 26. The cross section of the passage 46 is larger than that of the overcurrent throttle bore 41f, in particular 2 to 10 times larger than this.

0045A connection piece 47 of a connecting hose 48 (pressure-resistant hose), the other connection piece 49 of which is connected to the vent valve 12, can be screwed into the outlet connection 26. The connecting pieces 47, 49 have standard throttle bores 47a, 49a, the cross section of which corresponds approximately to that of the throttle bore 37a, so that in the event of a loading^¬ Damage to the Verbmαmgsschlauches 48 or damage to the venting valve 12 pneumatically arranged after the connecting hose 45, the maximum pressure gas loss is limited.

0046The vent valve 12 (Fig. 3) has a housing 50 which is integrally formed at one end with a connecting piece 51 which serves to connect the connecting piece 49 of the connecting hose 48. The housing 50 is surrounded by two Griffschalenhal th 54a, 54b, which are spaced from each other. The housing 50 is penetrated by two mutually perpendicular bores, namely by a main bore 51a as an axial extension of the inner bore of the connecting piece 51 and a transverse bore 51b which extends perpendicular to the main bore 51a and passes through this in the connecting area of ​​the connecting piece 51 at the base 50. In the transverse bore 51D there is an axially displaceable shift shaft 52, which protrudes from both ends of the bore 51b and is seated on one end of the retaining ring 53, while the other end m engages with a fitting bore of the first handle shell half 54a, which encloses the housing 50 approximately in half and eg made of a non-slip material, for example a plastic.

0047The handle shell halves 54a, 54b are provided with a plurality of recesses, for example with a recess for the passage of the connecting piece 51, and with a further recess at the end of the housing 50 opposite the connecting piece 51, the venting end of the valve 12. The second handle shell half 54b is by means of a screw 55 upper^¬ half of the control shaft 52 attached to the housing 50, and below the screw 55 at the height of the transverse bore 51b has a recess 54e aligned with this, so that the control shaft 52 projecting beyond the housing 50 is freely movable in its axial direction. In the main bore 51a of the housing 50, a valve member is arranged, which has a valve plate 56, which is connected to a valve lifter 57, which extends coaxially to the longitudinal central axis of the main bore 51a, guided radially at a narrowing point of the main bore 51a by means of a larger-diameter ring part 58 and is seated with its rounded head end 59 in a groove 52a on the outer circumference of the control shaft 52. The valve tappet 57 is biased with its head end 59 by spring force against the groove 52a of the control shaft 52, which spring force is applied by a compression spring 60 for the valve plate 56, which is located on the back of the valve plate 56 and with the other end at a bag end Main bore 51a of the housing 50 closing, drilled locking screw 65 is supported. By means of the compression spring 60, the valve plate 56 is pressed against a valve seat 61 which is fixed in the form of a raised edge of an annular disk 62 which is arranged in the main bore 51a of the housing 50 and surrounds the valve lifter 57, passes through the valve lifter 57 centrally and opposite the housing 50 is sealed by means of an O-ring 63.

0048The main bore 51a of the housing 50 is in the area of ​​the bag end of the screw plug 65 via a radial vent bore 64, which has a larger, preferably about 2 to 10 times, cross section than the overflow throttle bore 41f in connection with the external environment . The locking screw 65 is inserted by means of an O-ring in the housing 50 in a sealing manner, for example screwed. In an initial position of the vent valve 12, the compression spring 60 presses the valve plate 65 against the valve seat 61 and the head end 59 of the valve lifter 57 into the groove 52 a, which is formed approximately in the long center of the control shaft 52 and has a depth such that the valve plate 56 non-positively and sealingly rests on valve seat 61. The Verbm ungsschlauch 48 is preferably made of pressure-resistant, flexible material, so that the user is able to variably attach the vent valve 12 in an individual position. A further O-ring 67 is preferably arranged in an annular groove of the closure cover 56 in the area of ​​the vent hole 64 in order to prevent dirt from penetrating this hole.

0049The mode of operation of the safety device 1 comprising the shut-off valve 10, the pressure switch 11 and the venting valve 12 is explained in more detail.

0050In an initial state, the shut-off valve 10 and the pressure monitor 11 are mechanical and pneumatic via the sleeve 35^¬ matically connected and connected via a hose 48, the vent valve 12 to the outlet port 26 of the pressure switch 11. Furthermore, the shut-off valve 10 via the connecting piece 14 with the. Medium pressure connection 121 of a pressure reducer 101 connected and the pressure switch 11 via the connecting piece 24 with the. High pressure connection 132 of the pressure reducer 101 connected. Furthermore, a regulator is connected to the outlet port 15 of the shut-off valve 10. In the initial state, the vent valve 12 is closed, ie the head end 59 of the valve stem 57 lies in the groove 52a of the control shaft 52, so that the valve 61, 56 of the vent valve 12 is closed. Furthermore, in the initial state, the valve member in the pressure monitor 11 consisting of the sleeve 42 and the valve plate 44 is opened, the spring 43 projecting the hollow piston 28 with its projecting edge at the end 38b with a larger diameter against an inner step of the through-hole 11a in. Housing 23 prints. The deformable and jerkable hose 19 in the shut-off valve 10 is in contact with the inner wall 13a of the housing 13 in the case of the use of an elastic material due to internal stress, or this is only through for the deformable and jerkable hose 19 in the case of using a flexible, pliable or slack material the extensions 20, 21 of the em or outlet connections 14, 15 are clamped against the inner wall 13a of the housing 13.

0051If the main shut-off valve of the compressed air lascne is now opened, high pressure, for example, is present via the pressure reducer 101 on the pressure monitor 11 in the case of a completely filled compressed air bottle, about 200 darts, which moves the hollow part 38 against the spring pressure 38c surrounding the through hole 38a and the overflow throttle 41e against the spring pressure 43a in the direction of the valve plate 44 until the sleeve 42 sits sealingly on the valve plate 44 , so that the working chamber 41 is gas-tightly separated from the through bore 38a and thus from the high pressure of the compressed gas. So that this movement of the hollow piston 38 is ensured when the pressure switch 11 is subjected to high pressure, the size of the annular end face 38c and the throttle bore 41f of the overcurrent throttle 41e is adjusted accordingly, such that m the time it takes for the hollow piston 33 to move to the stop on Valve plate 44 does not require a sufficiently high back pressure to be built up in working chamber 41, which would support the pressure force of spring 43, This ensures that when a high pressure is applied to the pressure monitor 11, the hollow piston 38 together with the sleeve 42 m ensures a gas-tight separation of the working chamber 41 from the high pressure connection.

0052In the gas passage path of the shut-off valve 10, after the compressed air bottle has been opened, the pressure reducer 101 is located there^¬ telddruck, ie regulated by the pressure reducer 101, which is about 10 bar above the prevailing external pressure. This pressure is thus available to the regulator connected to the connecting piece 15. The medium pressure in the shut-off^¬ Valve 10 causes in the case of a flexible, pliable or inherently deformable and jerkable hose 19 that this is pressed by the medium pressure within the hose 19 against the wall 13a of the housing 13, so that the full inner diameter or hollow cross section of the hose 19 for gas supply of the regulator is available.

0053As long as the high pressure is above a predetermined pressure of the pressure switch 11, this state remains the same^¬ hold, the user of the compressed air supply can via αen lung regulator unα the shutoff valve 10 unhindered breathing air from the medium pressure connection of the pressure reducer 101. The high pressure is approaching due to increasing pressure^¬ air bottle emptying at a predetermined reserve pressure, which is usually around 50 bar, the pressure force of the spring 43 acting on the hollow piston 38 outweighs the gas pressure acting on the annular end face 38c, so that the hollow piston 38 together with the sleeve 42 pass through Spring 43 is pressed away from the valve plate 44 and thus connects the Arbeitsskam.er 41 pneumatically with the high pressure connection 132 of the pressure reducer 101. Through the overflow bore 41f of the overflow throttle 41e, gas flows with the residual pressure gradually into the working chamber 41. The pressure prevailing in the working chamber 41 lies above the control^¬ tion channel 28, the passage 30 αer sleeve 35 and the control channel 22 in the housing 13 on the outside 19a of the deformable and jerkable hose 19, so that the hose 19 after opening the valve 42, 44 with the reserve pressure (for example 50 bar) slowly increasing au^¬ is applied on the outside. The reserve pressure is in any case higher than the medium pressure that prevails inside the hose 19. Thus, the effect on the outside^¬ Gende reserveαruck after opening the valve 42, 44 em lifting off the hose regions of the hose 19 which abut the inner wall 13a and which are circulating, restricting the gas passage in the shutoff valve 10 to the central axis of the shutoff valve 10. The material for the hose 19 is chosen or. the wall thickness is dimensioned such that the residual pressure which is present on the outside 19a of the hose 19 when the valve 42, 44 is open can deform the hose 19 to such an extent that after a certain time a complete shut-off of the gas passage of the shut-off valve 10 can be achieved . The gradually increasing narrowing of the gas passage in the shut-off valve 10 is felt by the user of the breathing gas as a slowly increasing breathing resistance, which draws his attention to the fact that his compressed gas supply in the compressed gas bottle has approached the reserve supply. So that the constriction of the hose 19 and thus the blocking of the gas path 10 in the shut-off valve does not occur abruptly, the passage throttle 41e m of the sleeve 42 is matched in such a way that the pressure in the working chamber and thus on the outer side 19a of the hose 19 is so slow to the residual pressure or reserve pressure increases so that the user of the compressed air bottle can perform at least two breaths during which he notices the increasing breathing resistance until one is complete^¬ end of the gas passage through the shut-off valve 10 occurs.

0054After the user has noticed increasing breathing resistance, he actuates the vent valve 12 via the handle shells 54a, 54b, to which the residual pressure or the reserve pressure is also present in the meantime and the passage 46 and the hose 48. When the vent valve 12 is actuated, the switching shaft 52 is displaced axially in the transverse bore 51b, so that the head end 59 of the valve lifter 57 is lifted out of the groove 52a and moves to oer zy^¬ lindrische outside of the rapid wave comes. The result of this is that the valve plate 56 is lifted off the valve seat 61 by the valve tappet 57 and pressure gas can flow into the cavity of the screw plug 65 with residual pressure, this overcoming the resistance of the sealing O-ring 67 via the vent hole 64, ms free, ie can escape into the surrounding water. As a result, the pressure m of the working chamber 41 unα thus also decreases on the outside 19a of the hose 19, as a result of which the constriction of the hose 19 is made reshaped, so that the user of the breathing air supply can again take breathing air freely from the compressed air supply. Nac. When the venting valve 12 is actuated, the predetermined flow path remains as the aerodynamic chamber 41 and the bruchoruch 46, the scniauc 48, the long bore 51a, and so on<img file="WO0172584A1_D0001.tif" /> 61, 56 and the venting opening 64 in the open so that the user is constantly alerted by escaping air, which is visible as rising gas bubbles, that he is already running from the reserve^τ-orrat drains and has to take appropriate measures to ensure a further supply of breathing air (emergence or exchange of the compressed air bottle).

0055In the case of a deformable and ruc deformable hose 19 made of an inherently elastic material, this supports the release of the gas cross section in the shut-off valve 10 by elastic jerk deformation. In the case of a non-elastic, flexible, supple or flexible material for the hose 19, the operation of the vent valve 12 inside the hose 19 causes predominant gas pressure to re-press the hose 19 against the inner wall 13a of the housing 13.

0056In any case, however, it is ensured that according to Act^¬ supply of the vent valve 12 is ensured by the breathing gas user a further unhindered breathing gas supply which can be achieved with low ate aroeit, so that eire additional^¬ Physical or psychological stress on the breathing gas user in reserve operation is avoided. We continue to ver^¬ Visible or deliberate closing of the vent valve immediately restα pressure applied to the outside 19a of the snaps 19 and thus the breathing resistance increases again gradually, so that inadvertent deactivation of the safety device 1 according to the invention is excluded.

0057The safety device 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable because of its construction from individual components, namely the pressure monitor 11, the shut-off valve 10 and the vent valve 12, for use on a pressure reducer 101 to reduce the pressure from a pressure vessel z. withdrawing gas from a higher pressure to a n - eαπgeren, predetermined working pressure, especially for compressed air bottles of breathing or diving equipment, which has e housing, in which "ei e connection opening for a high pressure connection direction is provided, which munαet in a gas supply channel , the em pressure reducing valve is ncngecrdnet, the pressure reducing valve from a guided in a working cylinder, a piston that delimits a working space in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston and the working cylinder and that the pressure reducing valve flows into the working space, and at least one gas discharge channel that extends in the longitudinal axial direction is provided by the end face of the working cylinder that closes the working cylinder (see FIG. 12) . In this respect, the safety device according to the invention is particularly suitable for a combination with a fitting for compressed air bottles according to DE 198 12 376 AI, in particular according to FIG. 11.

0058The use of the safety device 1 according to the invention on such a pressure reducer 101 makes it possible in a particularly simple manner to form a safety fitting for a compressed gas, in particular compressed air supply, which is of a highly reliable and simple design and requires little maintenance. In addition, such a safety valve can easily be assembled and disassembled from the components of pressure reducer 101, shut-off valve 10, pressure monitor 11 and vent valve 12.

0059Such a pressure reducer 101 known from DE 198 12 376 AI is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 11.

0060Em pressure reducer 101 (FIG. 4) for compressed air breathing apparatus has an essentially cuboid body 102 or housing 102 with four side surfaces 103, 104, 105, 106 oriented at right angles to a-αer and end faces 10 opposite one another^"7, 108 on. The pressure of which is made of metal, in particular light metal, in particular titanium. The side surfaces 103, 104, 105, 106 abut one another with rounded long edges 109.

0061A circular cylindrical recess 111 or bore 111 is made in the body 102 from an end face 107 along and centrally about a longitudinal axis 110 of the body 102, which extends approximately over half of the longitudinal extent of the body 102. The recess 111 or bore 111 forms a cylinder or working cylinder^¬ 111 and is delimited by a cylinder wall 112 and a cylinder end wall 113. A cylindrical hole 116 or a hole 116 extends longitudinally along the longitudinal axis 110 in the direction of the end face 108 from the cylindrical end wall 113. The hole 116 narrows with a step 117 to a circular cylindrical blind hole 118 or axially extending to the end face 108 hm. to a blind hole 118. The hole 116 or .. the bore 116 is designed as a threaded bore.

0062The hole or bore 116 and the blind hole or blind bore 118 extend approximately over half the length of the body 102, the ratio of the length of the hole 116 to the hole 118 being approximately 1: 8. The diameter of the hole 116 corresponds to approximately 1/3 of the diameter of the bore 111. The diameter of the hole 118 corresponds to approximately 1/6 of the diameter of the hole 111.

0063Parallel to the blind bore 118, the cylinder wall 112 is extended adjacent to a side flat 103 of the body 102, and a bore 120 or a narrow, circular cylindrical hole 120 is made in the cylinder end wall 113. The hole 120 merges adjacent to the end face 108 into a threaded bore 121, which is introduced into the end face 108 and is concentric with the hole 120 and has a diameter which is approximately twice as large as the diameter of the hole DZW. the Bonungung 120, whereby a step 122 is formed. The thread bore 121 expands with a step 123 to the end face 108. The diameter of the hole 120 or the bore 120 corresponds approximately to the diameter of the blind hole 118 or is somewhat wider. The bore 120 serves as a breathing gas discharge channel 120; the threaded bore 121 represents a connection area 121 for working pressure consumers, ie the so-called medium pressure connection.

0064According to the end face 107 of the body 102, the body 102 is circular cylindrical with an external thread section 124^¬ educated .

0065From the side surface 106, which is opposite to the side surface 103, a threaded hole or em hollow-threaded hole 126 is introduced into the body 102, approximately at the height of the closed end 119 of the blind bore 118 perpendicular to the side surface 106 and to the longitudinal axis 110, which is made with a step 127 to a hollow cylindrical hole 128 or a bore 128 which narrowed into the blind hole 118. In the threaded hole 126 or the threaded bore 126 is screwed in a manner known per se, a connection piece 130 for compressed air bottles. A threaded bore 132 is made from the end face 103 parallel and between the longitudinal axis 110 and the side face 106 of the body 102 and ends at a distance from the bore 128. A narrow, cylindrical cylindrical through hole 134 or a narrow through hole 134 extends from the bottom 133 of the bore 132 obliquely to the longitudinal axis 110 and adjoins the blind hole 118 adjacent to the blind hole 118. bore 128 mounts. The through hole 134 ..e has a diameter which is approximately 1/3 to 1/4 of the diameter of the holes 118, 120 and α 128.

0066A threaded cartridge 137 is screwed into the threaded hole 116. The valve cartridge 137 is a cylindrical body 138 with a Zyl rdermar tel wall 139, two opposite end faces 140, 141 urα one, benacnoart to an end face 141 outwardly projecting Rmgsteg 142, on which, pointing away from the end face 1-1 and with aligned with the edge of the belt web 142, an axial circular web 136 is arranged. The body 138 is axially longer than the bore 116 deep, so that he emmsterstert em stm the bore 111, so that the Rmgsteg 142 is spaced from the wall 113.

0067The body 138 has an axial bore 143 from the end face 141, which is approximately 3/4 of the length of the body^¬ pers 138 extends into this so that a wall 144 is formed with the end face 140. The Boh^¬ tion 143 has a diameter which corresponds approximately to the diameter of the bore 118. From the end face 140, an axial, truncated cone-shaped recess 145 is made in the wall 144, which tapers to the bore 143 hm and merges into it.

0068In the space enclosed by the circular web 136, a circular disk-shaped body 146 is positively but axially displaceably supported, the body 146 being axially thicker than the space delimited by the circular web 136, so that when the body 146 is fully inserted, it protrudes beyond the circular web 136.

0069Between the wall 113 and the ridge 142 of the cartridge 137, a through hole 147 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 110 in the cylinder wall 139, which opens into the hole or the hole 143. Along the longitudinal axis, on the ^ F - acne αes fllacn circular cylindrical body 146 facing α to the cartridge body 138, there is arranged a bore 143 and a recess 145 extending the recess 145 and a valve stem 150 which is widened in a conical manner in the recess 145. The valve stem 150 is positively connected to the body 146ⁿthe. Between the body 146 and the wall 144, a helical compression spring 151 is arranged around the valve stem 150, which is supported on the wall 144 and the body 146 and presses the region 152 of the valve stem 150 m, which is flared in a conical manner, and presses the recess 145 m, to which it has a form-fitting corresponding shape is. The valve stem 150 is thinner at the mouth of the recess 145 and the bore 143.

0070In the bore 111, a piston 154 is axially displaceably mounted. The comen 154 is a long cylindrical body and has a protruding, circular piston crown 155 which delimits a piston crown 156. A bore 158 is made in the front face 15 ″ of the piston 154 opposite the piston crown 156, so that the piston 154 is formed in a non-cylindrical manner with a cylindrical piston jacket wall 159 up to the bottom 156. At the height of the piston crown 156, the cylindrical piston skirt wall 159 has a radial annular groove 160, in which a sealing ring 161 with a pressure between the piston 154 and the cylinder^¬ Wall 112 of the bore 111 is stored. The piston 154, the cylinder wall 112 and the cylinder end wall 113 form or delimit a working space 162 of the working cylinder 111.

0071A cup-shaped cap 164, the outer diameter of which corresponds essentially to that of the body 102, is screwed onto the external thread section 124 of the pressure detector body 102.

0072In the Kappenboαen 163 a flat screw 165 is screwed in, which has an axial central bore 166 and facing the body 102 on its inner surface 167 around the bore 166 around a cylindrical projection 168. A helical compression spring 170 is arranged between the screw 165 and the piston head 156, which presses the piston 154 with the piston head 156 as well as the body 146. The tension of the screws can be increased or decreased by turning screw 165. The spring 170 lies with its initial screw threads around the projection 168 on the screw 165, so that lateral deflection of the coil spring is prevented.

0073In a further embodiment (FIG. 5), the cap 164 is U-shaped in cross section with a cup-shaped depressions 171, a bottom wall 176 delimiting them and a jacket wall 172 delimiting the recess 171. The jacket wall 172 has an external thread on the hone of the bottom wall 176, by means of which the cap 164 is arranged to screw in the body 102. In the bottom wall 176 there is an axially central hole 173, with a radial groove 1 in the wall delimiting the hole 173^" is present, m the e sealing ring 175 supports.

0074In this embodiment, the piston 154 has a piston rod 178 instead of the cylinder jacket wall 159, which extends along the longitudinal axis 110 from the piston shaft 156 to the cap 164 and through the hole 173, the sealing ring 175 being pressed against the piston rod 178.

0075In the area of ​​the recess 171 of the cap 164 enclosed by the casing wall 172, a flat cylindrical circular disc 177 with a central axial hole 179 is arranged around the piston rod 178, the circular disc 177 being axially delimited on both sides by an upper and lower locking ring 180, 181 , wherein the locking rings 180, 181 are each arranged in a groove 180a, 181a of the piston rod 178. In the wall delimiting the hole 179 there is a radial groove 182 in which a sealing ring 183 with pressure is supported between the piston rod 178 and the circular disk 177. The circular disc 177 has a diameter which corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the recess 171 delimited by the casing wall 172, so that the circular disc 177 is approximately positively supported in the recess. In the circumferential wall 184 of the circular disk 177 is a radial groove 185 in front, in which a sealing ring 186 is mounted, which presses against the disk 177 and the casing wall 172. A bore 189 is made in the dividing wall 176, deviating axially from the center, in which a valve cartridge 190 or valve 190 is screwed, for example.

0076The piston crown 156, the cylinder jacket wall 112 of the working cylinder 111 and the bottom wall 176 delimit a dense gas pressure space or gas cushion space 187, which can be filled with gas by means of the valve 190, so that the piston 154 rests or loads the body 146 under gas pressure.

0077The operation of the pressure reducer is explained below.

0078The pressure reducer 101 is screwed onto a compressed air bottle (not shown) with the connecting piece 130 in a manner known per se and the valve thereof is opened. The breathing gas flows through the connector screwed into the bore 126 into the bore 128 and from there into the bore 118. the through-hole 134 can also get the gas under pressure into the area of ​​the bore 132, the pressure switch 11 according to the invention, with which the shut-off valve 10 is connected, being screwed into the bore 132^¬ is controlled.

0079Due to the force of the spring 151, the valve stem 150 with its conical region 152 is initially in the truncated cone-shaped recess 145 of the valve cartridge 13^" held. By adjusting the screw 165, the spring i can be tensioned so that the piston 154 presses with its piston pin 156 onto the flat circular-cylindrical body 146 and, against the force of the spring 151, lifts the conically enlarged section 152 of the valve stem 150 out of its seat. Gas can now flow between the frustoconical recess 145 and the conically enlarged region 152 of the valve stem 150 into the region of the bore 143 and out of the bore 14^" get out into the area of ​​the bore 111 or the space 162. Because of the narrow gap between the frustoconical recess 145 and the. cone-shaped enlarged area 152 of the valve stem 150 can only flow a small amount of gas from the high pressure area or the bore 118 into the valve cartridge 137, the gas pressure in the area of ​​the valve cartridge 137 or the space 162 i! Relieved pressure.

0080The gas flows from the bore 111 or the space 162 into the bore or the hole 125 at a reduced pressure. The shut-off valve 10 according to the invention is screwed into the threaded bore 121, so that in the initial state of the safety device 1 according to the invention on a regulator (not shown) the reduced pressure prevailing in the bore 120 is present. In the embodiment in which the piston 154 is loaded with a spring 170, the external pressure prevails in the region between the piston 154 and the cap 164, which is ensured through the bore 166. If this external pressure increases, in addition to the force of the spring 170, a further compressive force is exerted on the piston 154, which exerts this compressive force on the valve stem 150 or the flat cylindrical body 146 or exerts the spring 151 and so αen a truncated cone enlarged area αes valve stem 150 further out of the truncated cone-shaped recess m5 and thus enables a higher gas flow, which in turn increases the working pressure at the regulator.

0081In the second embodiment, the gas pressure or gas pressure cushion space 187 is between the piston crown 156 and the partition

0082176 the cap 164 αmch αie ^"valve cartridge 195 filled with gas so that pressure equivalent to that of the coil spring 170 of the first embodiment is exerted on the piston 154 or the flat circular-cylindrical body 146. If the outside pressure increases, the outside pressure over the circular disc is dead

0083177 and the retaining rings 180, 181 exert an additional compressive force on the piston rod 178, so that the piston 154 exerts a force on the valve stem 155 or the spring 151 in addition to the compressive force of the gas between the piston crown 156 and the bottom wall 176. This also increases the gas flow through the valve cartridge 137 md thereby the working pressure.

0084A bridge 195 (FIG. 6) for forming a safety valve by connecting two pressure reducers 101 has a cuboidal bridge body or bridge housing 196 with four side surfaces 19 oriented at right angles to one another^"7, 198, 199, 200, which are arranged parallel and along a longitudinal axis 201 and have two opposite foreheads^¬ flat 202, 203, which are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 201.

0085From the end faces 202, 203, threaded holes or threaded bores 204 are arranged in the same way in the concentric manner about the longitudinal axis 201 in the bridge body 196. The threaded holes 204 extend over a length into the body 196 which corresponds to approximately 1/4 to 1/5 the length of the body 196 along the longitudinal axis 201. The threaded holes 204 have a diameter which is approximately 2/3 the width of the body 196 between the side surfaces 197, 199.

0086On a hole base 205 of the Gewmαemcher 204, each blind hole 206 is concentric to the longitudinal axis^HSE 201 introduced^¬ ordered, which narrows from a wide hole area 207 to a narrow blind hole area 208 with a step 209. The diameter α of the further Lochoeremhes 207 is approximately half the diameter of the Gewmαe - oches 204, the diameter^¬ knife of the narrow blind hole area about 1/4 of the diameter^¬ of the threaded hole 204. The hole base or hole bottom 210 of the blind hole areas 208 are approximately 1 / -. 0 the length of the body 196 from each other, wherein the blind holes 206 and the threaded holes 204 are aligned. The Gewmαelocher 204 serve to screw or connect a pressure reducer 101.

0087Center-centered with respect to the long sacs 201 and with respect to opposite side surfaces 19^"1, 199 of the body 196 are arranged with a transverse center axis 214 intersecting the axis ^ 201 in alignment or concentrically around this, a threaded hole or a threaded hole 2-5, 216 is introduced into the bridge body 196, through which a concentric to the transverse axis 214 and the through-hole 217 intersecting the longitudinal axis 201 and the through-hole 217 are connected to one another.

0088The threaded holes 215, 216 in the side surfaces 197, 199 each extend 1/3 of the width of the bridge body 196 between the side surfaces 197, 198 m of a bridge body 196. The threaded hole 215 in the side surface 197 has a diameter which corresponds to approximately 1/6 the length of the bridge body 196 along the longitudinal axis 201. The threaded hole 216 in the side surface 197 has a diameter which corresponds to approximately 1/3 the length of the bridge body 196 along the longitudinal axis 201. The through hole 217, which connects the punch holes 215, 216, has a diameter which corresponds to about 1/3 to 1/4 of the diameter of the punch hole 215, so that the punch holes 215, 216 each^¬ because with a step 218, 219 in the passage ioc-217 ubergenen. In the threaded hole 215, a connector 130 for a compressed air bottle is not shown).

0089In αer. The floor or the step 219 are on both sides of the transverse axis 214 and at the height of the longitudinal axis 201 two bores or holes diametrically opposite each other with respect to the axis 214

0090222 introduced, which the blind holes 206 mouth adjacent to the holes 210. The holes 222 widen sicr. to level 219 or to its surface hm each with a spherical section-shaped spherical fit 223. 90 ° to the fit

0091223 offset and equally spaced from the axis 214 are two diametrically opposed spherical segment-shaped spherical detent seats 224 embedded in the surface of the step 219^¬ sen arranged (Fig. 7).

0092A cap 227 is screwed into a threaded hole 216 or screwed onto the side surface 199. The cap 227 is a cup-shaped body with a thick bottom wall 228 and a hollow cylindrical wall wall 229 which extends away from the bottom wall 228 and which delimits a hmlzγ-l απ region 240. The thickness of the floor covering 228 corresponds approximately to the height of the jacket wall 229. The casing wall 229 is tapered to its free end edge 230 hm with a step 231 with an offset inwards, the tapered casing wall area 232 having an external thread which corresponds to the thread of the threaded hole 216.

0093A radial circular groove 233, in which seal 234 is supported, is introduced into step 231 to bottom wall 228 hm. The height of the casing wall area 232 is dimensioned such that in the screwed-on state of the cap 227 on the bridge body 196, the step 231 with seal 234 with pressure rests on the side surface 199.

0094A cylindrical hole 237 or a bore 237 is provided in the bottom wall 226 centrally and concentrically to the transverse axis 214e.

0095In the hollow cylindrical space 240 delimited by the step 219 and the casing wall 229, a cylindrical body 241 with two opposing cylindrical end faces 242, 243 and a cylindrical jacket surface 244 connecting them is arranged. The cylindrical body is dimensioned such that it is at a small distance or a play to all the surfaces delimiting the space 240. At the level 219 against^¬ Overlying end face 242 of the body 241 is formed centrally axially integrally em cylindrical bolt 245, which extends through the bore 237 through αie the outside of the bottom wall 228 of the cap 227 and protrudes over this.

0096The bolt 245 rests for coherent and rotatable in the bore 237, wherein it has a piece spaced apart from one another with respect to the axis 214 and has two annular grooves 246b with a rectangular cross section, in each of which a sealing ring 246 rests, so that the bolt 245 in the bore 237 with respect to the Axis 214 is designed radially and axially sealing. A sliding ring 248 rests on pressure against the surface 242 and the outer surface of the bolt 245 and in an annular groove 247 which widens the bore 237 adjacent to the space 240. Arranged in the surface 243 from the cylinder surface 244 is an L-shaped recess 252, which is narrow in the plan view of the surface 243 and extends from the cylinder surface 244 a little way beyond the transverse center or axis 214. The width of the L-shaped recess corresponds approximately to the diameter of the through hole 217.

0097In extension of the recess 252, a bore 253 is arranged approximately centrally between the axis 214 and the cylinder jacket wall 244, which extends axially into the cylindrical body 241 from the end face 243 over approximately 2/3 to 3/4 m. From the bottom of the bore 253, a central, narrow through bore is led through the cylinder body 241, as a result of which a step 255 is formed between the bore 253 and the narrow bore 254. A helical compression spring 256 is arranged in the bore 253 and is supported on the step 255 at one end. At or in the open end of the bore 253, a ball 257 is arranged to rest on the spring 256, which has a radius that matches the ball fitting seats 223 and the ball snap seats 224.

0098On the free end 245a of the bolt 245 projecting beyond the bottom wall 228 of the cap 227, a handwheel 258 is arranged in a non-positive and positive manner.

0099Instead of a cylindrical body 241, an arm or finger 241, which has the bore 253 and protrudes laterally from the bolt 245, can be provided, which is rectangular in cross section.

0100In a further embodiment of the cylindrical body 241, the recess 252 is U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped so that the one free U-leg end is arranged in the area of ​​the mouth of the through hole 217 and an outer free U-leg end of the recess 243 is high the punch 222 is arranged (Fig. 8).

0101The mode of operation of the bridge 195 is explained below.

0102The Kmel 2S rests in a starting position^"7 with pressure caused by the spring 256 in a ball detent seat 224, while the ball seats 223 are free and the associated bores 222 are thus continuous. The bridge is screwed onto a compressed air bottle with the connecting piece 130 in a manner known per se, so that gas, in particular breathing gas, passes through a central bore 130a of the connecting piece 130 into the through hole 217, which serves as a gas supply channel 217 and from there in the region of the recess 252 flows into space 240, which serves as gas distribution space 240. The gas flows from the recess 252 or the space 240 through the bores or the holes 222 into the pocket hole 206 and from there into the area of ​​the thread hole 204 or from there into the holes 128 of the pressure reducer 101. If it is desired to switch to only one pressure reducer, the handwheel is switched over. Rotated 90 °, whereby the bolt and the cylindrical body 241 or switching arm are also rotated by 90 °. Here, the ball first comes out of the area of ​​a ball detent seat 224, the spring being compressed. After a rotation of 90 °, the ball comes into a spherical fit 223, as a result of which the cylindrical body 241 or the bolt 245 latches with the handwheel 258. In this state, only one bore 222 can be flowed through for a gas stream. If the handwheel is rotated 90 ° in the same direction of rotation, the ball of the cylindrical body 241 enters the next ball detent seat 224, so that gas now flows through both pressure reducers. In a further advantageous embodiment (Fig. 9 to 11), the base body 102 of the pressure reducer 101 and the bridge body 196 of the bridge 195 are formed in one piece. In this embodiment, the blind holes 206 or bores 206 of the bridge 195 are guided up to the side surfaces 103, 105 of the pressure reducing body 102 or pass into the bores 128 of the pressure reducer 101, with which they are aligned and which lead to the side surface 103, 105 are listed. The holes 206 and 128 cut the holes 118 of the pressure reducer 101 slightly above the valve cartridges 137, so that gases flowing through the bag openings 206 can pass through the valve cartridges 137 into holes 120. The mouthings 206a of the sack bores 206 in the side surfaces 103, 106 of the pressure reducer can be closed with screws; However, devices such as pressure gauges can also be connected to these mouthings. The one-piece arrangement is possible both when using spring-loaded pistons (Fig. 10) and gas pressure-loaded pistons (Fig. 11).

0103In a further embodiment of a pressure reducer with a spring-loaded piston (FIG. 10), in order to protect the space, which is delimited by the cap 164 and the piston 154, against the ingress of moisture, in particular when diving, a membrane 260 is somewhat spaced from the screw 165 screwed onto the screw 165 or the cap 164 in the region of the cap base 163 with a membrane nut 261. The membrane screw 261 also has an axial central hole 262. The ambient pressure which is exerted by the water, for example, during diving, thus acts indirectly through the hole 262 via the membrane 260 and the bore 166 on the interior space delimited by the cap 164 and piston 154.

0104In a further embodiment of a pressure reducer with a piston 154 loaded with gas pressure (FIG. 11), the space which is delimited by the jacket wall 172 of the cap 164 and the circular disk 177 is covering or in the same way, a membrane 260 with a membrane screw 261 axially screwed onto the casing wall 172 is arranged in the same manner, in which case there is also a central axial bore 262 in the membrane screw 261, by means of which the external pressure, in particular water pressure, indirectly acts αie disc 177 or piston rod 178 can act. The membrane is made of flexible plastic, in particular rubber.

0105It is particularly advantageous if both the body 102 and the bridge body 196 are made of light, but more stable materials such as lead metal alloys or titanium.

0106In order to achieve an absolutely tight fit of the ball 257 m of ball fit 223, the balls 257 are preferably made of a high-strength smooth ceramic such as <img file="WO0172584A1_D0002.tif" /> Made of aluminum oxide or Siliconnitπd.

0107In order to reduce the mass of the piston, dm? 'Olben 154 are preferably also light metal, especially on titanium^¬ manufactures.

0108The specified dimensions and diameters are leαmmcn comparative values. Likewise, the spatial arrangement of the bores can also take place in a different manner without impairing the utility value of the invention. In particular, the bores that m the bore or cylinder 111, in particular the bore 120, have to be found several times, so that additional lung automats or mid-pressure consumers can be arssmied. The holes 120 can, as from the Eig. 15 It can be seen from α 11 that the pressure reducer is arranged adjacent to other side walls 104, 105, 106 in the edge region of the teeth 111. In addition, the .ch pressure connections or the bores 134 and 132 can also be present more than once

0109The structure of the valve cartridge 137 is only an example; Of course, all other known valves can also be used, in which the flow rate can be regulated by means of a push ice (valve stem).

0110Of course, all gas pressurized can move^¬ Lichen parts, acer also all threads with seals, such as O-rings or sliding rings bearing m ring grooves or similar seals.

0111With these pressure reducers it is an advantage that the Ent^¬ Taking the breathing gas from the pressure reducer by the user em injector effect on the piston is exerted, ie when inhaling the breathing gas the piston is tightened and the pressure reducing valve opens a little further, so that the pressure^¬ waste can be compensated by gas flowing from the high pressure area. Through this invention-based Aus^¬ design, the breathing effort of the user is significantly reduced.

0112In addition, the linear arrangement of the cylinder 111, the bore 120 and the connection 121, as well as the arrangement of the bore 120 in the edge region of the cylinder, minimize the turbulence in the flow area of ​​the gas, which reduces the work of breathing and the pressure drop the gas pipe ducts are reduced.

0113This advantage is particularly noticeable when using titanium pistons. In particular, the control processes run faster. In the case of the bridge for forming a safety fitting for compressed air bottles, it is advantageous that it is particularly easy to use, particularly easy to reach and easy to control by the user with high operational safety even in stress or panic situations.

0114A security device 1 according to the invention can in particular^¬ the preferred way to form a safe^¬ Unit gas extraction fitting for a compressed gas supply (FIG. 12) can be combined with a pressure reducer according to FIG. 11, the pressure switch 11 being connected to the high pressure connection 132 and the shut-off valve 10 being connected to the medium pressure connection 121 of the pressure reducer 101.