Panel

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

0001ThisThe present application is a Reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 8,720,150, issued May 13, 2014, which is a 371 of PCT/EP2011/072573 filed Dec. 13, 2011, which in turn claims the priority of DE 10 2010 063 976.1 filed Dec. 22, 2010, the priority of bothall applications is hereby claimed and bothall applications are incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

0002The invention concerns a panel, in particular a floor panel, comprising a body with at least one plastic layer, complementary locking means provided in pairs at mutually opposite panel edges so that a plurality of said panels can be locked together, at least one pair of locking means with hook profiles, namely a receiving hook and in opposite relationship thereto an arresting hook, with the proviso that the receiving hook has remote from the body a hook edge and arranged nearer to the body a receiving recess, wherein the receiving recess is open towards the top side, the arresting hook is provided with an arresting recess arranged nearer to the body and open to the underside and has an arresting step which is arranged remote from the body and which fits in a vertical joining direction into the receiving recess of the receiving hook, the arresting hook has a joining surface remote from the body and also remote from the body a vertically acting arresting contour, the receiving hook has a joining surface nearer to the body and also nearer to the body a positively locking contour which fits together in positively locking relationship with the arresting contour, that is remote from the body, of the arresting hook so that vertical locking can be implemented, the arresting hook has arranged nearer to the body a horizontal locking surface at its arresting step, the receiving hook has arranged remote from the body a horizontal locking surface in the receiving recess, formed at the receiving hook is a narrowed receiving opening through which the arresting step can be inserted substantially in the vertical joining direction into the receiving recess.

0003A panel of the general kind set forth, for floors, is known from WO 2010/015516. The hook profiles of the known panels are adapted to the material from which the body of the panel is formed. Those panels which have a body comprising a flexurally soft and elastic plastic material can be hooked. The arresting contour provided beneath the joining surface of the arresting hook has regions which project with respect to the plane of the joining surface and other regions which are set back with respect to the plane of the joining surface. Equally the positively locking contour provided beneath the joining surface of the receiving hook has regions which project with respect to the plane of the joining surface and other regions which are set back with respect to the plane of the joining surface. The above-mentioned regions which project and are set back on the positively locking contour and the arresting contour form undercut configurations which counteract movement of the two hook profiles away from each other in a direction perpendicularly to the plane of the panel (vertically). To be able to fit the undercut configurations together the arresting contour and the positively locking contour are pressed against and past each other. In that case they have to be elastically deformed. The arresting contour and the positively locking contour are softly elastic and in that way can be brought into positively locking contact with each other. The maximum amount of undercut configuration is limited by virtue of the soft-elastic property of the plastic material. The action of vertical locking is unsatisfactory.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

0004The object of the invention is to improve the panel that the large number of plastic materials which can be used for the body is increased and the action of vertical locking is improved as much as possible.

0005According to the invention that object is attained in that the arresting contour, that is remote from the body, of the arresting hook is set back behind the plane of the joining surface of the arresting hook, the positively locking contour, that is nearer to the body, of the receiving hook projects at least partially beyond the plane of the joining surface of the receiving hook, the arresting step and the receiving opening are of such a configuration that the step end during a joining movement initially fits without elastic deformation of the hook profile into the receiving opening to such an extent that the horizontal locking surface of the arresting hook makes contact with a part of its surface with the horizontal locking surface of the receiving hook and the receiving hook has a flexural leg so adapted that the width of the receiving opening can be enlarged by its elastic bendability so that the arresting step can be entirely inserted into the receiving recess and also the arresting contour of the arresting hook is inserted into the positively locking contour of the receiving hook.

0006Those measures make it possible for the hook profile portions to come into engagement at the beginning of the joining movement without already being elastically deformed at the engagement location, it is only upon further advance in respect of the joining movement that the undercut regions of the arresting contour and the positively locking contour come into contact at the engagement location in such a way that elastic deformation is caused, the flexural leg being specifically provided for the purposes of elastic deformation. Admittedly the arresting contour and the positively locking contour are also pressed and deformed, but, the harder and more brittle that the plastic material of the body is, the correspondingly less is the degree of elastic deformation of the arresting contour and the positively locking contour and the correspondingly greater is the proportion of elastic deformation of the flexural leg. By virtue of that design configuration it is now possible, even when the body is formed from a relatively hard and brittle plastic material, to provide a high degree of undercut configuration for positively locking engagement between the arresting contour and the positively locking contour. The positively locking contour for example can have a latching element which projects further than in the state of the art, and the arresting contour has a latching recess which is complementary to the latching element and which is deeper than in the state of the art. Nonetheless the arresting contour and the positively locking contour can be brought into engagement without any problem because the flexural leg adapted for that purpose elastically flexes and that flexing permits an enlargement of the receiving opening. In that way the arresting contour and the positively locking contour can be moved past each other without severe inherent deformation thereof, until they are in engagement.

0007The plastic layer of the body or core can be formed from a soft elastic plastic material like a thermoplastic polymer, for example polyolefin, polypropylene, polyurethane or polyamide. So-called soft PVC can also be considered as a soft plastic material. This involves a polyvinyl chloride which contains plasticiser. Basically however PVC is an amorphous elastomer which has a natural hardness and brittleness which can only be reduced by the plasticiser.

0008Advantageously however the panel is of such a configuration that it is also possible to produce the plastic layer of the core from a plastic material with natural hardness and brittleness, for example an amorphous elastomer like PVC which contains no plasticiser at all or only a small amount of plasticiser.

0009Depending on the respective embodiment of the invention the thickness of the panels according to the invention is 3 to 10 mm, preferably 4 to 8 mm, particularly preferably 5 to 6 mm. The weight in relation to surface area of the panel, depending on the respective thickness and specific structure, is between 1 and 2.5 kg/m², preferably between 1.6 and 1.8 kg/m².

0010Remote from the body, a resilient latching tongue can be provided at the hook edge of the receiving hook, wherein near the body the arresting recess has a latching recess which fits together with the resilient latching tongue. That provides a second location within the hook connection, which is to be joined into each other by elastic deformation of a region which is provided and adapted for that purpose, namely the resilient latching tongue. The resilient latching tongue, together with the arresting recess, also implements locking of the two hook profile portions in a vertical direction, that is to say perpendicularly to the plane of the locked panels.

0011The elastic properties of the body can be used if the resilient latching tongue is formed integrally with the body. If the body is formed from a relatively hard plastic material, that promotes inter alia production of the resilient latching tongue by cutting production processes like milling.

0012The resilient latching tongue is rooted at the side remote from the body of the hook edge and the free end of the resilient latching tongue projects inclinedly from the hook edge, for example inclinedly downwardly. The resilient latching tongue is always so arranged that contact with the complementary hook profile portion causes inward spring movement of the integral latching tongue, which moves same closer to the body of its panel.

0013Desirably the resilient latching tongue has a sliding surface, remote from the body. That surface comes into contact with the arresting hook during a vertical joining movement. That movement causes the resilient latching tongue to be moved closer to the hook edge of the receiving hook. In that way it is elastically stressed and enables the joining movement. The arresting hook can then be introduced further into the receiving hook until both panels are in one plane.

0014A free space into which the latching tongue can elastically springingly engage can be provided between the resilient latching tongue and the hook edge. Elastic prestressing makes it possible for the resilient latching tongue to spring back in the direction of its neutral position if there is space for same.

0015Desirably the latching recess has a latching contact surface. By contact with the resilient latching tongue that provides for arresting of connected panels in a vertical direction.

0016Preferably the latching contact surface is of such a configuration that it forms an inclined abutment surface for the free end of the resilient latching tongue. The inclined abutment surface is of such a configuration that the stressed latching tongue, when it springs back in the direction of its neutral position, comes to bear against that inclined abutment surface. It can further be so arranged that the latching tongue bears against the abutment surface before it reaches its neutral position so that a residual part of the stressing is always maintained in the latching tongue, and that serves to provide a secure arresting action.

0017It is considered to be a further advantage if the arresting step, on its side remote from the body, has a sliding incline to be referred to as an inclined sliding surface. The inclined sliding surface is desirably of such a configuration that it cooperates with that region of the positively locking contour, that projects. That region of the positively locking contour, that projects from the joining plane, forms for example a projecting latching element. The projecting region cooperates with the inclined sliding surface of the arresting step. As soon as the inclined sliding surface comes into contact with the projecting region, for example the latching element, it slides along the latching element. In that way, firstly the joining surfaces of the receiving hook and the arresting hook are moved away from each other. At the same time the horizontal locking surface of the arresting hook exerts a force which presses against the horizontal locking surface of the receiving hook. That force which is applied to the horizontal locking surface of the receiving hook is transmitted to the flexural leg of the receiving hook, which is thereby elastically bent. In the further joining movement the arresting contour passes the positively locking contour to such an extent until both have reached a position in which they fit into each other in positively locking relationship. In that case, by way of the horizontal locking surface of the receiving hook, the flexural stress in the flexural leg exerts a force which again prestresses the joining surface of the arresting hook in the direction of the joining surface of the receiving hook. It is possible to achieve a closed join in that way. The horizontal locking surfaces of the two hook profile portions are then preferably in a condition of bearing closely against each other.

0018The degree of flexing of the flexural leg can be influenced by the geometrical shape of the inclined sliding surface (linear or curved). The flexural stress produced can be so adapted by a variation in the inclined sliding surface that the plastic material is not overloaded in the region of the flexural leg and does not suffer any damage.

0019A pair of the complementary locking means is in the form of pivotal profile portions. More specifically there is provided a groove profile portion with an undercut configuration of a groove wall and a tongue profile portion with an undercut configuration of a tongue portion side.

0020That has the advantage that panels can desirably be so laid that a new panel with a pivotal profile portion is fitted to the complementary pivotal profile portion of a panel which is already disposed in the laying plane and is pivoted downwardly.

0021Advantageously in that respect the hook profile portion of the new panel can be simultaneously locked to the hook profile portion of a panel in the same row of panels. For that purpose the arresting hook of the new panel is moved downwardly substantially in a vertical plane in a scissor-like movement and inserted into the receiving hook. During the scissor-like movement the arresting step firstly projects only at one end of the panel edge into the receiving opening. When the scissor-like joining movement continues the arresting step moves step by step into the receiving opening. The elastic deformation of the flexural leg, which is initiated thereby, also increases step by step. When the panels are finally disposed in one plane the arresting contour and the positively locking contour are exactly fitted into each other, the joining surfaces are in contact with each other and form a closed join. In addition the flexural stress in the flexural leg is eliminated again and the horizontal locking surfaces of the two hook profile portions bear snugly against each other in surface contact.

0022The area of use can be increased if a decorative layer is provided at the top side of the panel. A further benefit is afforded by the provision of a transparent cover layer through which the decorative layer is visible. The transparent cover layer serves to protect the decorative layer, it can be provided with means which reduce wear, for example corundum particles, glass particles and so forth. In that respect it may be desirable if a backing layer is provided at the underside of the panel. That acts as a balance for the layers provided at the top side, to counteract distortion of the panel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0023The invention is illustrated by way of example in a drawing hereinafter and described in detail by reference to a number of Figures in which:

0024<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1a-1d</figref> show complementary locking means of a first pair of edges of a panel according to the invention and a stepwise joining movement for locking two panels,

0025<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2a-2d</figref> show an alternative embodiment of a first pair of edges of complementary locking means of a panel and the stepwise joining movement for locking two panels,

0026<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> shows a floor covering comprising panels according to the invention, which have a second pair of edges with complementary locking means in the form of pivotal profile portions, and

0027<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> shows an embodiment for a pair of edges comprising pivotal profile portions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

0028<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1a to 1d</figref> each show a portion of two panels <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> respectively. The panels <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> are identical. Each individual panel has complementary profile portions <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> respectively at mutually opposite panel edges of a pair of edges. In the case of the panel <b>1</b> therefore the edge which is not shown identically has the profile portion <b>4</b> of the panel <b>2</b> while in the case of the panel <b>2</b> the edge which is not shown identically has the profile portion <b>3</b> of the panel <b>1</b>.

0029In the case of a panel having four edges the second pair of edges can be formed with complementary profile portions which are identical to those of the first pair of edges.

0030The series in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1a to 1d</figref> illustrates in a plurality of steps the implementation in principle of the joining movement for the purposes of connecting and locking the panels <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>.

0031The complementary profile portions <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> of each panel <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> respectively form complementary locking means V in the form of hook profile portions H. The hook profile portion of the profile portion <b>1</b> forms a receiving hook <b>5</b> and the hook profile portion of the profile portion <b>2</b> forms an arresting hook <b>6</b> which fits into the receiving hook <b>5</b>, wherein the two hook profile portions are of such a configuration that an arresting action is produced. The arresting action counteracts a reversal of the joining movement. The panels <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>, after locking has been effected, can thus not be released from each other in a rearward movement.

0032Each panel <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> respectively includes a body <b>1</b>′ and <b>2</b>′ respectively with a plastic layer at which the above-mentioned complementary locking means V are arranged. A top side <b>7</b> of the panel forms a working surface. Provided on the receiving hook <b>5</b> remote from the body is a hook edge <b>8</b> and nearer to the body a receiving recess <b>9</b>. The receiving recess <b>9</b> is open to the top side <b>7</b>.

0033The arresting hook <b>6</b> is provided with an arresting recess <b>11</b> which is arranged closer to the body and which is open to the underside <b>10</b>, and has an arresting step <b>12</b> at a position remote from the body. The arresting step <b>12</b> fits in a vertical joining direction T into the receiving recess <b>9</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b>. In addition the arresting hook <b>6</b> has a joining surface <b>13</b> remote from the body and also remote from the body an arresting contour <b>14</b> which has a vertically locking action. Near the body the receiving hook <b>5</b> has a joining surface and also near to the body a positively locking contour <b>16</b> which fits together in positively locking relationship with the arresting contour <b>14</b> of the arresting hook <b>6</b>. It is possible in that way to implement vertical locking.

0034In addition, arranged near the body the arresting hook <b>6</b> has a horizontal locking surface <b>17</b> arranged at its arresting step <b>12</b>. In matching relationship therewith the receiving hook <b>5</b>, arranged in the receiving recess <b>9</b> remote from the body, has a horizontal locking surface <b>18</b> cooperating with the horizontal locking surface <b>17</b> of the arresting hook <b>6</b>.

0035At its receiving recess <b>9</b> the receiving hook <b>5</b> is provided with a narrowed receiving opening <b>19</b>. The arresting step <b>12</b> can be introduced into the receiving recess <b>9</b> substantially in a vertical joining direction T, that is to say, in a plane perpendicularly to the plane of the locked panels.

0036Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1a to 1d</figref>, the panel <b>1</b> is arranged with the receiving hook <b>5</b> on a fixed substrate (not shown). The arresting step <b>12</b> of the panel <b>2</b> is lowered perpendicularly to the plane of the panel (vertically). The arresting contour <b>14</b>, that is remote from the body, of the arresting hook <b>5</b> has a latching recess <b>14</b>a which is set back behind the plane of the joining surface <b>13</b> of the arresting hook <b>6</b>. The positively locking contour <b>16</b>, that is near the body, of the receiving hook <b>5</b> is of such a configuration that it has a latching element <b>16</b>a which projects beyond the plane of the joining surface <b>15</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b> and in the locked condition engages into/behind the latching recess <b>14</b>a of the arresting hook <b>6</b>. In addition the arresting step <b>12</b> and the receiving opening <b>19</b> are of such a configuration that the free end of the arresting step <b>12</b>, during the beginning of the joining movement, firstly fits into the receiving opening <b>19</b> without any elastic deformation worth mentioning of the hook profile portions. In that case the horizontal locking surface <b>17</b> of the arresting hook <b>6</b> comes into contact with a part of its surface with the horizontal locking surface <b>18</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b>.

0037Provided on the receiving hook <b>5</b> is a particular flexural leg <b>20</b> which can best be seen from <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1b and 1c</figref>. The flexural leg <b>20</b> is of such a configuration that the width of the receiving opening <b>19</b> can be enlarged by the elastic bendability of the leg so that the arresting step <b>12</b> can be inserted into the receiving recess <b>9</b> without any problem. In addition, because of the bendability of the flexural leg <b>20</b>, the arresting contour <b>14</b> of the arresting hook <b>6</b> can be very easily introduced into the positively locking contour <b>16</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b>.

0038At the beginning of the joining movement the hook profile portions are to be brought into engagement without already being elastically deformed at the engagement location. It is only upon further progress with the joining movement that the undercut regions of the arresting contour <b>14</b> and the positively locking contour <b>16</b> come into contact at the engagement location. That contact however causes elastic deformation which takes place substantially at another location, more specifically at the flexural leg <b>20</b> provided for that purpose. Admittedly the arresting contour <b>14</b> and the positively locking contour <b>16</b> are also pressed and deformed, but the harder and more brittle that the plastic material of the body is, the correspondingly less is the elastic deformation of the arresting contour <b>14</b> and the positively locking contour <b>16</b> and the correspondingly greater is the degree of elastic deformation of the flexural leg <b>20</b>.

0039The latching recess <b>14</b>a of the arresting hook <b>6</b> is deeper than in the state of the art. Equally the latching element <b>16</b>a of the receiving hook <b>5</b> projects further from the joining surface <b>15</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b> than in the state of the art. As a result, there is a greater degree of undercut configuration in the vertical joining direction than in the state of the art. Nonetheless the arresting contour <b>14</b> and the positively locking contour <b>16</b> can be brought into engagement without any problem. This is because the flexural leg <b>20</b> is elastically bendable in such a way that such bending permits enlargement of the receiving opening <b>19</b>. The arresting contour <b>14</b> and the positively locking contour <b>16</b> can thus be moved past each other without severe inherent deformation thereof until they are in positively locking engagement and deploy their vertical locking action.

0040<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1b</figref> shows that an inclined surface is provided remote from the body at the arresting step <b>12</b>, that surface forming an inclined sliding surface <b>12</b>a. The inclined sliding surface contacts the projecting latching element <b>16</b>a of the positively locking contour <b>16</b> of the receiving hook. As a result, during the vertical joining movement of the arresting hook <b>16</b>, a horizontal movement is superimposed, which moves the panels away from each other so that a space is formed between the joining surfaces <b>13</b>, <b>15</b>. At the same time the horizontal locking surface <b>17</b> of the arresting hook <b>6</b> exerts a force which presses against the horizontal locking surface <b>18</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b>. The force acting on the horizontal locking surface <b>18</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b> is transmitted to the flexural leg <b>20</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b>, which as a result is elastically bent.

0041In the further joining movement as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1c</figref> the widest location of the arresting step <b>12</b> passes the enlarged receiving opening <b>19</b> of the receiving recess <b>9</b>. Bending of the flexural leg <b>20</b> then decreases and the receiving opening <b>19</b> narrows again. The joining surfaces <b>13</b>, <b>15</b> of the panels, that are at the spacing k, are pressed against each other by the flexural stress in the flexural leg <b>20</b>.

0042In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1d</figref> the arresting contour <b>14</b> and the positively locking contour <b>16</b> have reached a position in which they fit into each other in positively locking relationship. The hook profile portions H can be so designed that a residual flexural stress is maintained in the flexural leg <b>20</b> and an elastic force (spring force) is exerted by way of the horizontal locking surface <b>18</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b>, which force prestresses the joining surface <b>13</b> of the arresting hook <b>6</b> permanently in the direction of the joining surface <b>15</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b>. A closed join can be permanently achieved in that way. In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1d</figref> the horizontal locking surfaces <b>17</b>, <b>18</b> of the two hook profile portions H are in a condition of bearing closely against each other and they do not exert a permanent prestressing action.

0043<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2a to 2d</figref> each show a portion of two panels <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> respectively. They are again identical. Each individual panel has the illustrated complementary profile portions at mutually opposite panel edges of a pair of edges. In the case of a panel with four edges the second pair of edges are provided with complementary profile portions identical to the panel edges of the first pair of edges.

0044The series of the Figures once again shows in a plurality steps <b>2</b>a to <b>2</b>d the implementation in principle of the joining movement for connecting and locking the panels.

0045The embodiment of the panel <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> respectively as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2a to 2d</figref> substantially corresponds to the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1a to 1d</figref>. In that respect the same references are used for identical features, as in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1a to 1d</figref>. As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2a to 2d</figref>, there is provided a second positively locking locking action. For that purpose there is provided a resilient latching tongue which is rooted at the hook edge <b>8</b> of the receiving hook <b>5</b>. Near the body the arresting recess <b>11</b> has a latching recess <b>22</b> which cooperates with the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b>, in that way there is a second location within a hook connection, which is to be fitted into each other without any problem by elastic deformation of a region adapted and provided for that purpose, namely the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b>. The resilient latching tongue <b>21</b> together with the arresting recess <b>9</b> also provides for locking of the two hook profile portions H in a vertical direction, that is to say perpendicularly to the plane of the locked panels.

0046The resilient latching tongue <b>21</b> is integral with the body. In that respect use is made of the elastic properties of the body. It is desirable for the locking effect of the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b> if the plastic material of plastic layer P of the body is relatively hard and flexurally stiff. A harder plastic material therefore acts better than a soft plastic material which yields easily.

0047The resilient latching tongue <b>21</b> projects inclinedly downwardly from the hook edge <b>8</b>. When the panel <b>1</b> is lying with its underside <b>10</b> on a substrate (not shown) the free end of the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b> points in the direction of the substrate. Remote from the body the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b> has a sliding surface <b>23</b> which comes into contact with the arresting hook <b>6</b> during the joining movement and thus causes an inward spring movement of the latching tongue <b>21</b>. Due to that movement the latching tongue <b>21</b> is moved closer to the hook edge <b>8</b> or closer to the body of the panel <b>1</b>. In that case the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b> is elastically stressed and enables the vertical joining movement so that the arresting hook <b>6</b> can be further lowered. The arresting hook <b>6</b> can then be further introduced into the receiving hook <b>5</b> until the two panels <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> are disposed in one plane. A free space <b>24</b> into which the latching tongue <b>21</b> can elastically springingly engage is provided between the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b> and the hook edge <b>8</b>. Elastic prestressing of the latching tongue <b>21</b> makes it possible for the latching tongue to spring back in the direction of its neutral position if there is space for same. Space is available when the latching tongue <b>21</b>, during the joining movement, passes into the region of the latching recess <b>22</b> of the arresting hook <b>6</b>.

0048The latching recess <b>22</b> has a latching contact surface <b>25</b> which, by contact with the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b>, causes vertical arresting of interconnected panels, that is to say, perpendicularly to the panel plane.

0049The latching contact surface <b>25</b> is of such a configuration that it forms an inclined abutment surface for the free end of the resilient latching tongue <b>21</b>. The inclined abutment surface <b>26</b> is of such a configuration that the stressed resilient latching tongue <b>21</b>, when it springs back in the direction of its neutral position, comes to bear against that inclined abutment surface <b>26</b> before reaching its neutral position. Thus a residual prestressing is always maintained in the latching tongue <b>21</b>, thereby ensuring a secure arresting action.

0050A preferred embodiment of a quadrangular panel is shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> which illustrates portion-wise the production of a floor covering from panels according to the invention. The panels used involve an embodiment with a first pair of edges having complementary hook profile portions H and a second pair of edges provided with complementary positively locking pivotal profile portions S. The pivotal profile portions S serve to interconnect panels of differing rows of panels. In this embodiment the hook profile portions H serve to interconnect panels of the same row of panels. The hook profile portions H of the first pair of edges can be so designed as in the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1a to 1d</figref>. Alternatively the hook profile portions H of the first pair of edges can correspond to the embodiment shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2a to 2d</figref>.

0051<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> shows in the foremost row of panels III a new panel <b>27</b> which is to be locked both to the previous row of panels II and also to the adjacent panel <b>28</b> of the same row III. The new panel is fitted inclinedly in relation to the plane of the laid panels and is attached with its pivotal profile portions S to the front row of panels II. Then it is locked to the previous row II by downward pivotal movement into the plane of the laid panels. At the same time in that case the hook profile portion (arresting hook <b>6</b>) of the new panel <b>27</b> is also locked to the hook profile portion (receiving hook <b>5</b>) of the panel <b>28</b> of the same row III. While the new panel <b>27</b> pivots downwardly into the plane of the laid panels the arresting hook <b>6</b> is simultaneously brought into engagement with the receiving hook <b>5</b> in a scissor-like joining movement. The receiving hook <b>5</b> has a flexural leg whose elastic bending is completed step by step, the further the arresting hook <b>6</b> is moved in the direction of the receiving hook <b>5</b> or the further the arresting step of the arresting hook <b>6</b> is inserted into the receiving recess of the receiving hook <b>5</b>.

0052The second pair of edges can be implemented with complementary pivotal profile portions S in the form of all known positively locking profile portions which can be positively lockingly connected by inclinedly fitting a new panel to a previous row of panels and then pivoting the new panel downwardly into the plane of the laid panels. An embodiment of such a pivotal profile portion S is shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>.

0053The complementary pivotal profile portions S in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> include a groove profile portion <b>29</b> and a tongue profile portion <b>30</b>. The groove profile portion <b>29</b> has an upper groove wall <b>29</b>a which is shorter than the lower groove wall <b>29</b>b. The lower groove wall <b>29</b>b is also provided with an undercut recess <b>29</b>c for the tongue profile portion <b>30</b>. The recess <b>29</b> also has a horizontal locking surface <b>29</b>d. The tongue profile portion <b>30</b> is provided with a tongue top side <b>30</b>a arranged substantially parallel to the top side <b>7</b> of the new panel <b>27</b>. The tongue underside <b>30</b>b has an undercut configuration <b>30</b>c and a horizontal locking surface <b>30</b>d which cooperates with the horizontal locking surface <b>29</b>d of the lower groove wall <b>29</b>b. The inclined position of the new panel <b>27</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> is clearly indicated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> by the position shown in broken line of the tongue profile portion <b>30</b>′. The tongue underside <b>30</b>b is placed on the longer lower groove wall <b>29</b>d. The new panel <b>27</b> is moved with the tip of the tongue leading into the groove profile and the new panel <b>27</b> is then pivoted downwardly into the plane of the lying panel or panels.

LIST OF REFERENCES

0000<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none"><li id="ul0001-0001" num="0054"><b>1</b> panel</li><li id="ul0001-0002" num="0055"><b>1</b>′ body</li><li id="ul0001-0003" num="0056"><b>2</b> panel</li><li id="ul0001-0004" num="0057"><b>2</b>′ body</li><li id="ul0001-0005" num="0058"><b>3</b> profile portion</li><li id="ul0001-0006" num="0059"><b>4</b> profile portion</li><li id="ul0001-0007" num="0060"><b>5</b> receiving hook</li><li id="ul0001-0008" num="0061"><b>6</b> arresting hook</li><li id="ul0001-0009" num="0062"><b>7</b> top side</li><li id="ul0001-0010" num="0063"><b>8</b> hook edge</li><li id="ul0001-0011" num="0064"><b>9</b> receiving recess</li><li id="ul0001-0012" num="0065"><b>10</b> underside</li><li id="ul0001-0013" num="0066"><b>11</b> arresting recess</li><li id="ul0001-0014" num="0067"><b>12</b> arresting step</li><li id="ul0001-0015" num="0068"><b>12</b>a inclined sliding surface</li><li id="ul0001-0016" num="0069"><b>13</b> joining surface (arresting hook)</li><li id="ul0001-0017" num="0070"><b>14</b> arresting contour</li><li id="ul0001-0018" num="0071"><b>14</b>a latching recess</li><li id="ul0001-0019" num="0072"><b>15</b> joining surface (receiving hook)</li><li id="ul0001-0020" num="0073"><b>16</b> positively locking contour</li><li id="ul0001-0021" num="0074"><b>16</b>a latching element</li><li id="ul0001-0022" num="0075"><b>17</b> horizontal locking surface (arresting hook)</li><li id="ul0001-0023" num="0076"><b>18</b> horizontal locking surface (receiving hook)</li><li id="ul0001-0024" num="0077"><b>19</b> receiving opening</li><li id="ul0001-0025" num="0078"><b>20</b> flexural leg</li><li id="ul0001-0026" num="0079"><b>21</b> resilient latching tongue</li><li id="ul0001-0027" num="0080"><b>22</b> latching recess</li><li id="ul0001-0028" num="0081"><b>23</b> sliding surface</li><li id="ul0001-0029" num="0082"><b>24</b> free space</li><li id="ul0001-0030" num="0083"><b>25</b> latching contact surface</li><li id="ul0001-0031" num="0084"><b>26</b> inclined abutment surface</li><li id="ul0001-0032" num="0085"><b>27</b> new panel</li><li id="ul0001-0033" num="0086"><b>27</b>′ new panel</li><li id="ul0001-0034" num="0087"><b>28</b> panel</li><li id="ul0001-0035" num="0088"><b>29</b> groove profile portion</li><li id="ul0001-0036" num="0089"><b>29</b>a upper groove wall</li><li id="ul0001-0037" num="0090"><b>29</b>b lower groove wall</li><li id="ul0001-0038" num="0091"><b>29</b>c undercut recess</li><li id="ul0001-0039" num="0092"><b>29</b>d horizontal locking surface</li><li id="ul0001-0040" num="0093"><b>30</b> tongue profile portion</li><li id="ul0001-0041" num="0094"><b>30</b>a tongue top side</li><li id="ul0001-0042" num="0095"><b>30</b>b tongue underside</li><li id="ul0001-0043" num="0096"><b>30</b>c undercut</li><li id="ul0001-0044" num="0097"><b>30</b>d horizontal locking surface</li><li id="ul0001-0045" num="0098"><b>30</b>′ tongue profile portion</li><li id="ul0001-0046" num="0099">H hook profile portion</li><li id="ul0001-0047" num="0100">k spacing</li><li id="ul0001-0048" num="0101">S pivotal profile portion</li><li id="ul0001-0049" num="0102">T joining direction</li><li id="ul0001-0050" num="0103">V complementary locking means</li></ul>