Fragment detection method and apparatus

BACKGROUND

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for detecting machined substrate fragments within one or more internal chambers of a machined metal component, and more particularly, the use of non-destructive thermography for the detection of machined substrate fragments.

Non-destructive thermography for defect detection is generally known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 4,996,426 discloses an apparatus for subsurface flaw detection of a continuously moving working piece, specifically, a rolled, worked metallic sheet. Heat is applied to a bottom surface of the workpiece causing thermal flow from the bottom to a top surface. Low thermal conductivity defects within the workpiece, including foreign material inclusions and subsurface cracks, cause thermal lines to flow around the defect creating low temperature areas on the top surface. An IR-detection device captures a thermal image of the top surface, wherein low temperature areas on the thermal image correlate with subsurface defects within the workpiece.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,581,975 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,834,661 disclose the detection of subsurface defects using thermography. U.S. Pat. No. 8,581,975 discloses a method and apparatus in which an induction coil applies heat to a powder-metallic component to cause a thermal increase flow through the body of the component and heat the component substantially uniformly throughout the component body. An IR-detection device creates a thermal image of the component following induction heating and subsurface inclusions, such as foreign metallic compounds, appear as different colors within the thermal image. U.S. Pat. No. 5,834,661 discloses a method wherein one side of a component is placed near a thermoplate and an opposing side is placed near a vacuum. As heat flows from the heated side to the vacuum side as the component cools, an IR-detection device captures a transient thermal image of the component. Subsurface inclusions appear as temperature/color variations within the transient thermal image.

Similarly, U.S. 2013/0261989 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,977 disclose methods of detecting subsurface defects at varying depths, such as foreign metal inclusions and subsurface laminations, using transient thermal imaging techniques.

The referenced apparatuses and methods detect defects such as foreign material and subsurface defects. Many of these disclosed apparatuses and methods detect subsurface defects. However, these disclosed methods and apparatuses, as well as others that are well known in the art, rely on a difference in material substance between the defect and the component substrate in order in order to effectively locate such defects using thermography techniques. In typical machining applications, machined substrate fragments, which fragments are composed of the same material substance as the component itself, are removed from the machined component body. These substrate fragments may be resident in one or more internal chambers of a machined component following a machining operation, which, if left undetected, can create component malfunctions following the installation and/or use of the machined component. It is an object of the disclosed method and apparatus to overcome these shortcomings in the art.

BRIEF SUMMARY

A method of inspecting a machined metal component, the machined metal component defining a component body including an outer surface, and an interior region having at least one internal chamber, for detecting machined substrate fragments resident in the at least one internal chamber is herein described. The at least one internal chamber communicates with at least one aperture defined in the outer surface providing open exposure of the at least one internal chamber to the ambient surrounding environment. The method may include on or more of the following steps: applying heat to at least a section of the outer surface of the machined metal component outer surface of a provided machined metal part with the application of heat is sufficient in temperature and duration to cause a fragment temperature elevation in at least one machined substrate fragment present in at least one internal chamber defined in the machined metal component as well as a component temperature elevation in the machined metal component with the fragment temperature elevation having a fragment temperature elevation rate and the component temperature elevation having a component temperature elevation rate such that the fragment temperature rate is greater than the component temperature elevation rate. The process also includes a step of producing a thermal image of temperature distribution of the outer surface of the machined metal component following the application of heat as well as a step of detecting one or more heat elevation points within the thermal image of the temperature distribution of the outer surface; the heat elevation points indicating the presence of at least one machined substrate fragment within one or more internal chambers of the machined metal component.

In some embodiments, the profile may be an open cross-sectional profile of the machined metal component.

The heating step may include applying at least one pulse of hot air delivered to the outer surface, and in some embodiments, the heating step may include applying heat consecutively to a group of locations defined on the outer surface for a predetermined amount of time. Heat may be applied to each of the group of locations defined on the outer surface sequentially following the expiration of the predetermined amount of time at each location.

In some embodiments, the thermal image of temperature distribution is a real-time transient image.

An apparatus for inspecting a machined metal component following a machining operation is herein disclosed. The machined metal component includes a component body having at least one internal chamber. The apparatus herein disclosed includes a. means for applying heat to at least a section of an outer surface of the machined metal component to be investigated; means for moving the heating means to various locations relative to the outer surface. The device can also include a controller mechanism that can be operably connected to the positioning means and/or the heating means to permit selective control of the application of heat to the outer surface of the machined metal part under investigation and the positioning of the heating means relative to the outer surface. The device also includes a thermal detection device such as an infrared (IR) detection device that is positioned to detect an IR radiation signal emitted from the section of the outer surface under investigation. A signal processor can be operably connected to the IR detection device to receive and process the detected IR radiation signal and provide data to a suitable output device. Where desired or required, the device and include visual output member operatively connected to the signal processor for receiving the processed IR radiation signal and displaying a thermal image of the IR radiation signal emitted from the section of the outer surface.

In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include a housing having an outer wall defining an inner chamber, the inner chamber containing the IR detection device, the positioning means and the heating means. The housing may include a drawer configured to receive and retain the machined metal component, the drawer being configured for movement from an outer loading position wherein at least a portion of the drawer is outside of the inner chamber to allow loading of the machined metal component, and an inner inspection position wherein the drawer is inside of the inner chamber. In some embodiments, the drawer may include locking means for selectively locking and unlocking the drawer within the inner chamber when the drawer is in the inner inspection position. The apparatus may further include a sensor mechanism, the sensor mechanism detecting when the drawer is in the inner inspection position, the sensor operably connected to the controller mechanism to permit activation of the heating means and positioning means when the drawer is in the inner inspection position.

In some embodiments, the positioning means may move the heating means within a single plane located at a predetermined height relative to the outer surface.

In some embodiments, the positioning means may include one or more servo-actuated linear sliders and the heating means may be mounted to the one or more servo-actuated linear sliders for movement. In some embodiments, the one or more servo-actuated linear sliders may include an X-axis linear slider for moving the heating means within an X-axis within a single plane and a Y-axis linear slider for moving the heating means within a Y-axis within a single plane.

In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include a component movement mechanism, the component movement mechanism allowing for selective displacement of the machined metal component relative to the heating means to allow for heating of various sections of the machined component. The component movement mechanism may comprise a rotational mechanism, the rotational mechanism rotating the machined metal component relative to the heating means. In some embodiments, the rotational mechanism may comprise one or more pneumatic cylinders, the pneumatic cylinders may be releasably securable to the machined metal component.

In some embodiments, the controller mechanism may include a programmable logic controller.

In some embodiments, the heating means may include a heat gun.

In some embodiments, the IR detection device may include an IR camera.

In some embodiments, the signal processor may include a computer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> illustrates a routine for detecting machined substrate fragments resident in the at least one internal chamber in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> illustrates a routine for detecting machined substrate fragments resident in the at least one internal chamber in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> is a picture of a sample machined metal component to be inspected in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> is a picture of a sample machined metal component with various locations identified on an open cross-sectional profile to be inspected in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> is a picture of a sample machined metal component with a machined substrate fragment residing in an internal chamber to be inspected in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> is a picture of a sample machined metal component with a machined substrate fragment residing in an internal chamber to be inspected in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> illustrates a perspective view of the inspection apparatus in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref> illustrates a perspective view of the inspection apparatus with a machined metal component loaded for inspection in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref> illustrates a perspective view of the inspection apparatus with a machined metal component loaded for inspection and the apparatus in the inner inspection position in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref> illustrates a front view of the inspection apparatus with a machined metal component loaded for inspection and the apparatus in the inner inspection position in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref> illustrates a perspective view of the inspection apparatus with outer wall removed and the apparatus in the inner inspection position in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref> illustrates a top view of the inspection apparatus with the apparatus in the outer loading position in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> illustrates a side view of the inspection apparatus with outer wall removed and the apparatus in the inner inspection position in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> illustrates a top view of the inspection apparatus with the apparatus in the inner inspection position in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15</figref> illustrates a perspective view of the inspection apparatus with outer wall removed and the apparatus in the inner inspection position during inspection in accordance with one embodiment of the apparatus and method.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 16</figref> illustrates an enlarged view of the apparatus and method of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 17</figref> illustrates a perspective view of the inspection apparatus with outer wall removed and the apparatus in the inner inspection position during inspection in accordance with one embodiment of the apparatus and method.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 18</figref> illustrates an enlarged view of the apparatus and method of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 17</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 19</figref> illustrates a perspective view of the inspection apparatus with outer wall removed and the apparatus in the inner inspection position during inspection in accordance with one embodiment of the apparatus and method.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 20</figref> illustrates an enlarged view of the apparatus and method of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 19</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 21</figref> is a picture of a visual output device in accordance with one embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref> is a picture of a visual output device displaying a thermal image of the machined metal component during inspection in accordance with one embodiment of the apparatus and method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The process as disclosed herein is predicated on the unexpected discovery that transient thermal changes applied to a machined metal component can be employed to detect and locate machining debris lodged in interior channels defined on the machined metal component. The process as disclosed herein has particular efficacy when used to detect machining debris that is composed of metal material derived from the machine metal component; i.e. metal fines and the like.

In some embodiments, the thermal image is produced as the temperature of the outer surface and the at least one machined substrate fragment begins cooling to the temperature of the ambient surrounding environment following the heating step.

In some embodiments, producing the thermal image may include directing an IR detection device at the outer surface of the machined metal component to detect an IR radiation signal emitted from the outer surface, processing the IR radiation signal with a signal processor operably connected to the IR detection device and producing and outputting the thermal image from the IR radiation signal on a visual output device operatively connected to the signal processor. Processing the IR radiation signal with a signal processor may further include formatting the signal with a low-pass size filter to remove heat elevation points smaller than a predetermined minimum size from the thermal image. Processing the IR radiation signal with a signal processor may further include formatting the signal with a high-pass size filter to remove heat elevation points larger than a predetermined maximum size from the thermal image.

In some embodiments, the disclosed method may further include calculating at least one temperature difference value between the temperature of the at least one heat elevation points and the component temperature elevation. Processing the IR radiation signal with a signal processor may further include formatting the signal with a low-pass temperature filter to remove heat elevation points corresponding with the temperature difference value being smaller than a predetermined minimum temperature difference value from the thermal image. In some embodiments, processing the IR radiation signal with a signal processor may further include formatting the signal with a high-pass temperature filter to remove heat elevation points corresponding with the temperature difference value being larger than a predetermined maximum temperature difference value from the thermal image.

In some embodiments, the IR detection device may include an IR camera.

In some embodiments, the signal processor may be a computer and the output device may be a computer screen operably connected to the computer. The computer may be configured to process the IR radiation signal and output the IR radiation signal in the form of a color-temperature map thermal image on the computer screen. In some embodiments, the color-temperature map thermal image may be configured to display colors corresponding with pre-defined temperatures across the thermal image of the outer surface of the machined metal component.

In some embodiments, the heat elevation points appear as a different color from surrounding areas of the outer surface within the color-temperature map thermal image.

In some embodiments, the machined metal component may include a metal or a metallic alloy.

The machined substrate fragment may be substantially surrounded by ambient air within the internal chamber. The machined substrate fragment may constitute a metallic chip separated from the machined component body during the machining process.

In some embodiments, the heat elevation points may include a positive temperature gradient between the heat elevation points and the surrounding outer surface, the positive temperature gradient corresponding with the presence of a machined substrate fragment

In the process disclosed herein, the target machined metal component inspection method as disclosed herein includes the step of providing a profile the machined metal component as in reference numeral <b>1</b> in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. The machined metal component is typically one which is prepared for subsequent processing and/or assembly. Suitable metal parts will be configured to include a component body having at least one internal chamber defined therein. The at least one internal chamber can be defined in the component body by any suitable method including, but not limited to, casting, machining and the like. In the method disclosed the machined metal component may be a component part of a final mechanical part or mechanism that can be assembled in later subsequent post inspection steps to produce a final assembled component. The machined metal component can be a profile or other suitable sub-device. In certain applications, the profile can be an open cross-sectional profile across the machined metal component. The machined metal component under inspection by the process disclosed can have at least one internal chamber that communicated with at least one aperture defined in the outer surface of the machined metal component thereby providing open exposure of the at least one internal chamber to the ambient surrounding environment. One non-limiting example is depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> and is discussed in greater detail subsequently.

The method also includes a step of applying heat <b>2</b> to a least a section of the outer surface of the machined metal part component under inspection. The application step <b>2</b> proceeds for an interval and at a temperature sufficient to cause a fragment temperature elevation in at least one machined substrate fragment present in the at least one internal chamber. The heat application step <b>2</b> also causes a component temperature elevation in the machined metal component. The heat application step <b>2</b> provides a fragment temperature elevation having a fragment temperature elevation value and a component temperature elevation having a component temperature elevation value in which the fragment temperature elevation value is greater than the component temperature elevation value. Following the application step <b>2</b>, the method also includes the steps of producing a thermal image of temperature distribution <b>3</b> and detecting one of more heat elevation points within the thermal image <b>4</b>. As the fragment temperature elevation value is greater than the component temperature elevation value, the heat elevation points indicate the presence of at least one machined substrate fragment within one or more internal chambers of the machined metal component.

Producing a thermal image <b>3</b> may include the steps of directing an IR detection device at the outer surface of the machined metal component <b>5</b>, processing the IR radiation signal captured by the IR detection device with a signal processor operably connected to the IR detection device <b>6</b>, and outputting a thermal image from the IR radiation signal on a visual output device <b>7</b>. The method also includes a step in which the difference between the fragment temperature elevation value and the component temperature elevation value is detected and located relative to the machined metal component. In certain embodiments of the process disclosed, the detection and location is accomplished by the production of a thermal image of temperature distribution of the outer surface of the machined metal component. The producing step <b>3</b> occurs after the heat application step <b>2</b>.

Once the differences in fragment temperature elevation values and machined metal component have been ascertained, the method includes detecting one or more heat elevation points within the thermal image of the temperature distribution of the outer surface of the machined metal component as at reference numeral <b>8</b>. The elevation points are indicative of the presence of at least one machined substrate fragment present within one or more internal chambers of the machined metal component. Where desired, the temperature elevation points can be detected with a suitable infrared detection device.

As seen in the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>, the machined metal component <b>10</b> comprises standard transmission component valve body, which valve body would be implemented for use in high performance engine transmissions. The machined metal component <b>10</b> of the exemplary embodiment is cast from cast iron. This valve body of the exemplary embodiment controls the shifting process in automatic transmissions. The valve body of the exemplary embodiment contains a one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>, through which an automotive hydraulic system would push pressurized hydraulic fluid in order to activate and deactivate appropriate clutches and band servos to control up and down shifting of gears. As such, it is important that such internal chambers <b>12</b> remain clear from debris, including substrate debris post-machining, in order to ensure smooth and effective transfer of hydraulic fluid through the internal chambers <b>12</b>. Presence of substrate fragments within the internal chambers <b>12</b> can cause sub-optimal performance and in worst cases scenario transmission failure.

The profile <b>20</b> of the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> is an open cross-sectional profile having a number of open apertures <b>18</b> defined on the outer surface <b>14</b>. The one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> communicate with one or more apertures <b>18</b> defined in the outer surface <b>14</b> providing open exposure to the interior region <b>16</b> of the machined component body <b>22</b> and open exposure of one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> to the ambient surrounding environment. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>, one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> comprise gear valves of varying shapes and depths within the interior region <b>16</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>.

As seen in the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, the heating step <b>2</b> may comprise the step of applying heat either simultaneously or consecutively in a predetermined sequence to a plurality of locations defined on the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>. The heating means <b>70</b> may apply heat for a predetermined amount of time to each of the plurality of locations. Heat can be applied to each of the locations defined on the outer surface <b>14</b> for a suitable defined interval. The heat application interval associated with each location can be the same or can be varied depending on factors such as localized mass, the specific architecture details present in the location, etc. Where sequential heating is employed, it is contemplated that heating at a specific location will commence after the expiration of the predetermined amount of time at the prior location. It is also contemplated that the heating step can occur in a combination of sequential positions.

Referring to the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, heat may be applied sequentially to each of the positions I-IX for the following predetermined amount of time at each position: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none"><li id="ul0001-0001" num="0000"><ul id="ul0002" list-style="none"><li id="ul0002-0001" num="0060">I—3 seconds</li><li id="ul0002-0002" num="0061">II—5 seconds</li><li id="ul0002-0003" num="0062">III—3 seconds</li><li id="ul0002-0004" num="0063">IV—3 seconds</li><li id="ul0002-0005" num="0064">V—4 seconds</li><li id="ul0002-0006" num="0065">VI—3 seconds</li><li id="ul0002-0007" num="0066">VII—3 seconds</li><li id="ul0002-0008" num="0067">VIII—3 seconds</li><li id="ul0002-0009" num="0068">IX—2 seconds</li></ul></li></ul>

Heating interval variation can be determined based on depth and intricacy of the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> at each position. It is also contemplated that the heating interval can be varied based on details such as potential size of machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> to be detected for any specific application. In some applications, particularly small machined substrate fragments <b>24</b> may be lodged deeply within intricate chambers, and accordingly, the application of heat must be sustained for longer duration in order to create a sufficient fragment temperature elevation to ensure that the machined substrate fragment will create a heat elevation point in the thermal image following heating.

Referring to the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, specifications for this exemplary embodiment require detection of any machined substrate fragment having minimum size of 2 millimeter×2 millimeter surface area. Accordingly, the specific parameters of the heat application step of the method disclosed herein have been calibrated with the above referenced time durations at each position I-IX, the details of which will be discussed below. Given the depth and intricacy of the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> at each location I-IX, and the minimum size requirements for detection of machined substrate fragments, these predetermined time values at each location I-IX ensure that adequate heat has been applied to induce sufficient fragment temperature elevation for any machined substrate fragments positioned within any of the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> at each position. The duration of the application of heat interval per specific position based on fragment detection specification can be deduced by the skilled artisan based upon the teachings contained with in this disclosure. Similarly, specific heating intervals associated with specific locations in the machined metal component can be deduced by the skilled artisan based upon the present disclosure.

As seen in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref>, the machined substrate fragment may comprise any substrate fragment that is substantially surrounded by ambient air within the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> illustrates a machined substrate fragment comprising a metallic chip <b>26</b> resident within one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>. Following machining of the machined metal component <b>10</b>, such metallic chip <b>26</b> separated from the machined component body <b>22</b> during the machining process and may become lodged within one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> of the machined component body <b>22</b>. Such metallic chips can cause significant damage if left undetected and the machined metal component <b>10</b> is installed in the final product (in this exemplary embodiment, the final product being an automobile).

However, as seen in the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>, the machined substrate fragment may comprise any substrate fragment that is substantially surrounded by ambient air within the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>. The machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> is attached to and extends outward from the machined component body <b>22</b> within the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>. As discussed in detail below, based on optimization of the application of heat by the heating means <b>70</b>, in order to apply heat sufficient in temperature and duration to cause a greater fragment temperature elevation rate than the component temperature elevation rate, as well as the sensitivity of the IR detection device <b>66</b> and the signal processor <b>54</b>, the disclosed method can detect machined substrate fragments of various sizes and shapes. A skilled artisan applying the teachings disclosed herein could detect machined substrate fragments of any shape or size by optimizing resolution as well as the field of view of the IR detection device <b>66</b>. For example, the IR detection device <b>66</b> can be focused on a much smaller area, thereby creating a thermal image with far greater resolution (pixels per millimeter) thereby permitting detection of machined substrate fragments <b>24</b> of far smaller sizes.

Referring to the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, the apparatus <b>28</b> of the exemplary embodiment may comprise a housing <b>40</b> having an outer wall <b>52</b> defining an inner chamber <b>30</b>. The apparatus <b>28</b> may further comprise a drawer <b>38</b>, the drawer <b>38</b> being configured to receive and retain the machined metal component <b>10</b>. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref> illustrates the drawer <b>38</b> in the outer loading position <b>36</b>, wherein at least a portion of the drawer <b>38</b> is outside of the inner chamber <b>30</b>. The outer loading position <b>36</b> allows for loading of the machined metal component <b>10</b> into the drawer <b>38</b> for inspection. Loading can either be manually completed by a user, or automated using automated means, such as a loading robot.

The drawer <b>38</b> may also comprise a drawer frame <b>44</b>. Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, the drawer frame <b>44</b> receives and retains the machined metal component <b>10</b>. As seen in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, the machined metal component <b>10</b> is loaded into the drawer frame <b>44</b> of the drawer <b>38</b> in order to secure the machined metal component <b>10</b> for inspection.

The apparatus <b>28</b> comprises a controller mechanism <b>32</b> operably connected to the positioning means <b>68</b> and the heating means <b>70</b> (illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>). The apparatus <b>28</b> may also comprise a signal processor <b>54</b>, the signal processor <b>54</b> operably connected to the IR detection device <b>66</b> (illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>) to receive and process a detected IR radiation signal from the machined metal component <b>10</b>.

In the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> and the signal processor <b>54</b> may be housed within a control shelf <b>46</b>, the control shelf having a left shelf door <b>48</b> and a right shelf door <b>50</b> opening up to an enclosed shelf space (not illustrated) within the control shelf <b>46</b>.

The controller mechanism <b>32</b> may comprise a standard programmable logic controller, such as a standard Allen Bradley programmable logic controller. A person skilled in the art would appreciate that any similar control apparatus that could serve the same function would be an adequate controller mechanism <b>32</b>. As discussed in detail below, the signal processor <b>54</b> may comprise a standard computer equipped with commercially available thermal image processing software. Both the programmable logic controller and the computer of the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref> could be housed within the control shelf <b>46</b>, which control shelf <b>46</b> could be attached to the outer wall <b>52</b> of the housing <b>40</b>.

The apparatus <b>28</b> may further comprise a visual output device <b>34</b>, the visual output device <b>34</b> being operatively connected to the signal processor <b>54</b> for receiving the processed IR radiation signal and displaying a thermal image of the IR radiation signal emitted from the section of the outer surface <b>14</b>. In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, the visual output device <b>34</b> may comprise a standard computer monitor screen connected to the signal processor <b>54</b> computer housed within the control shelf <b>46</b>, and as illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, may be disposed upon the left shelf door <b>48</b> of the control shelf <b>46</b>.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, once the machined metal component <b>10</b> is loaded into the drawer <b>38</b>, the drawer <b>38</b> is configured for movement from the outer loading position <b>36</b> (as seen in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>) to the inner inspection position <b>58</b>. In the inner inspection position <b>58</b>, the drawer <b>38</b>, with the machined metal component <b>10</b> received and retained therein, is inside of the inner chamber <b>30</b> of the housing <b>40</b>. In the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, the apparatus <b>28</b> may further comprise a sensor mechanism <b>56</b>. The sensor mechanism <b>56</b> detects when the drawer <b>38</b> is in the inner inspection position <b>58</b>. Once in the inner inspection position <b>58</b>, the sensor mechanism <b>56</b> is operably connected to the controller mechanism <b>32</b> such that the sensor mechanism <b>56</b> signals to the controller mechanism <b>32</b> to permit automatic activation of the heating means <b>70</b> and the positioning means <b>68</b>, in order to begin the inspection process.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10</figref>, the apparatus <b>28</b> may further comprise locking means <b>60</b> for selectively locking and unlocking the drawer <b>38</b> within the inner chamber <b>30</b> when the drawer <b>38</b> is in the inner inspection position <b>58</b>. The locking means <b>60</b> can comprise any locking means known in the art, such as bolt-lock system. Additionally, the locking means <b>60</b> may comprise a pneumatically activated bolt-lock system, which bolt-lock system can be automatically locked and unlocked by the controller mechanism <b>32</b> before and after the completion of the inspection process respectively. This controller mechanism <b>32</b> activated/de-activated locking prevents a user from moving the drawer <b>38</b> from the inner inspection position <b>58</b> to the outer loading position <b>36</b> prior to completion of the inspection process, thereby preventing user error and/or injury to a user.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref> illustrates the apparatus <b>28</b> with outer wall <b>52</b> of the housing <b>40</b> removed along with the control shelf <b>46</b>. As seen in the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>, the inner chamber <b>30</b> may contain the IR detection device <b>66</b>, the positioning means <b>68</b> and the heating means <b>70</b>. From a practical perspective, this allows the operation of the apparatus <b>28</b> to take place entirely within the inner chamber <b>30</b> of the housing <b>40</b>, in order to mitigate against user injuries and/or user error.

The drawer <b>38</b> may slide along a drawer frame railing <b>64</b> in order to move from the outer loading position <b>36</b> to the inner inspection position <b>58</b>.

In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>, the IR detection device <b>66</b> is positioned above the machined metal component <b>10</b> and the drawer <b>38</b> and aimed downward towards the machined metal component <b>10</b> during the inspection process. A skilled artisan would appreciate that the IR detection device <b>66</b> can be positioned anywhere sufficient to allow the IR detection device <b>66</b> to detect an IR radiation signal emitted from the machined metal component <b>10</b>. Positioning of the IR detection device <b>66</b> will depend on a number of factors, including without limitation the capabilities of the specific IR detection device <b>66</b> implemented, the ability to acquire an unobstructed view of the machined metal component <b>10</b> and the amount of precision required in capturing an adequate IR radiation signal, factors which are well within the purview and control of a skilled artisan.

Similarly, the heating means <b>70</b> and the positioning means <b>68</b> are positioned above the machined metal component <b>10</b> and the drawer <b>38</b> when the drawer <b>38</b> is in the inner inspection position <b>58</b>. It would be within the capability of a skilled artisan to position the heating means <b>70</b> and the positioning means <b>68</b> as required in order to optimize the necessary application of heat in a variety of specific circumstances and the scope of the disclosed method and apparatus should not be limited to the exemplary positioning. The heating means <b>70</b> and the positioning means <b>68</b> can be secured in position to the housing <b>40</b> using any means known in the art, such as the mounting bar <b>62</b> used in the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11</figref>.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref>, a user may load the machined metal component <b>10</b> into the drawer <b>38</b> for inspection when the drawer <b>38</b> is in the outer loading position <b>36</b>. The drawer <b>38</b> of the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref> comprises a drawer frame <b>44</b>, which drawer frame <b>44</b> is a fixture configured to receive and retain the machined metal component <b>10</b>. The drawer frame <b>44</b> may further comprise a pair of drawer frame securing tabs <b>80</b>, which tabs can be manually shifted into place by a user for further secure the machined metal component <b>10</b> within the drawer frame <b>44</b>. Alternatively, the drawer frame securing tabs <b>80</b> may comprise hydraulic tabs that can be controlled by the controller mechanism <b>32</b> in order to automatically shift the drawer frame securing tabs <b>80</b> into position upon placing the machined metal component <b>10</b> within the drawer frame <b>44</b>. This mechanism has the added benefit of ensuring that the machined metal component <b>10</b> is correctly placed into the drawer frame <b>44</b>, given that the controller mechanism <b>32</b> can be configured to activate the drawer frame securing tabs <b>80</b> when the machined metal component <b>10</b> is correctly positioned within the drawer frame <b>44</b>. Furthermore, this can also prevent the machined metal component <b>10</b> from being released from the drawer frame <b>44</b> until completion of inspection, as the controller mechanism <b>32</b> can be configured to release the drawer frame securing tabs <b>80</b> only upon completion of an inspection cycle.

The apparatus <b>28</b> may also comprise a component movement mechanism <b>42</b>, the component movement mechanism <b>42</b> allowing for selective displacement of the of the machined metal component <b>10</b> relative to the heating means <b>70</b> to allow for heating of various sections of the machined metal component <b>10</b>. The component movement mechanism <b>42</b> could comprise any number of mechanisms known in the art, including automated movement mechanisms such as servo-actuated or hydraulic actuated movers.

In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref>, the component movement mechanism <b>42</b> comprises a rotational mechanism <b>76</b>, which rotational mechanism <b>76</b> rotates the machined metal component <b>10</b> relative to the heating means <b>70</b>. The rotational mechanism <b>76</b> may comprise one or more pneumatic cylinders, and the rotational mechanism <b>76</b> of the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12</figref> comprises a pair of pneumatic cylinders <b>74</b> positioned on each side of and connected to the drawer frame <b>44</b>. The pneumatic cylinders <b>74</b> may be controlled by the controller mechanism <b>32</b>, such that during the inspection cycle, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> may automatically cause the pneumatic cylinders <b>74</b> to rotate the drawer frame <b>44</b> to allow the heating means <b>70</b> to apply heat to various sections around the machined metal component <b>10</b>, and thereafter allowing the IR detection device <b>66</b> to detect IR signals from each of the respective sections following heating.

Referring to the illustration of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, the IR detection device <b>66</b> of the exemplary embodiment comprises an IR camera <b>82</b>. The IR camera <b>82</b> of the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> comprises any standard IR camera, such as those manufactured by FLIR A65 Camera with 25 mm lens and 640×512 pixel output. In the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, the IR camera <b>82</b> is positioned approximately 4 feet above the machined metal component <b>10</b> when the machined metal component <b>10</b> is in the inner inspection position <b>58</b>. Based on the specific capabilities of the IR camera utilized, a skilled artisan could position the IR camera <b>82</b> at any position that would allow the IR camera <b>82</b> to adequately capture an IR radiation signal from the machined metal component <b>10</b> following heating.

The heating means <b>70</b> of the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> comprises a heat gun <b>94</b>. In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, the heat gun <b>94</b> comprises a standard hot air gun capable of producing pulses of hot air. The heat gun <b>94</b> implemented in the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> is a standard Steinel HG 2000E. The heat gun <b>94</b> can be mounted to the positioning means <b>68</b> using any standard mounting mechanism known in the art, such as a basic mounting bracket. A skilled artisan could use any number of available heating means <b>70</b> known in the art capable of creating a greater temperature elevation rate in one or more machined substrate fragments located in the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b> compared to the component temperature elevation rate. This could include any number of heat guns currently available, radiation heating elements as well as other IR heaters or other heating means in combination with air blowing means to circulate heat through the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>.

In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, the positioning means <b>68</b> move the heating means <b>70</b> within a single plane <b>88</b> located at a predetermined height <b>90</b> relative to the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>, the predetermined height <b>90</b> of the single plane <b>88</b> is approximately 1.5 inches from the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>. A skilled artisan can position the heating means <b>70</b> at any predetermined location necessary, depending on the power of the heating means <b>70</b>, the intricacy of the internal chambers of the machined metal component <b>10</b> and the detection requirements. Such modifications would be within the purview of a skilled artisan and the scope of the method and apparatus disclosed herein should not be limited to the positioning of the exemplary embodiment.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> provides an overhead view of the exemplary embodiment, with the machined metal component <b>10</b> in the inner inspection position <b>58</b>. As seen in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>, the IR camera <b>82</b> is positioned above the machined metal component <b>10</b> in order to capture a thermal image of the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b> following the application of heat by the heating means <b>70</b>. The machined metal component <b>10</b> is held in place in the drawer <b>38</b> by the drawer frame securing tabs <b>80</b> in order prevent movement of the machined metal component <b>10</b> during the inspection process.

As seen in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>, the heating means <b>70</b> is mounted to a positioning means <b>68</b>, which positioning means <b>68</b> move the heating means <b>70</b> to various locations relative to the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>. One skilled in the art could readily implement any number of positioning means <b>68</b> well known in the art, including without limitation such mechanisms as multi-axis robots, one or more servo-actuated linear sliders or any form of manually operated sliders. Accordingly, the scope of the positioning means <b>68</b> would include any means that can move the heating means <b>70</b> to various locations relative to the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b> and should not be limited in scope to the specific means of the exemplary embodiment.

In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>, the positioning means <b>68</b> comprises servo-actuated linear sliders <b>86</b>. The heat gun <b>94</b> is mounted to the servo-actuated linear sliders <b>86</b> for movement relative to the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>. Specifically, in the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>, the servo-actuated linear sliders <b>86</b> comprise a Y-axis linear slider <b>84</b> and an X-axis linear slider <b>98</b>, which Y-axis linear slider <b>84</b> moves the heating means <b>70</b> along a Y-axis <b>100</b> within the single plane <b>88</b> (as illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>) and which X-axis linear slider <b>98</b> moves the heating means <b>70</b> along an X-axis <b>102</b> within the single plane <b>88</b> (as illustrated <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref>). In the illustrated exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>, the X-axis linear slider <b>72</b> and Y-axis linear slider <b>84</b> comprise standard servo-actuated linear sliders such as those produced by IAI. Also, the heating means <b>70</b> could be mounted to a multi-axis robot for movement in any number of directions.

The controller mechanism <b>32</b>, which in the exemplary embodiment comprises a programmable logic controller, is operably connected to the servo-actuated linear sliders <b>86</b>, to allow a user to program automatic movement of the heating means <b>70</b> to a plurality of different positions along the Y-axis <b>100</b> and the X-axis <b>102</b> within the single plane <b>88</b>, to permit the Heating means <b>70</b> to apply heat to a plurality of locations defined on the outer surface of the machined metal component <b>10</b>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> illustrates the heating means <b>70</b> in a rest position <b>104</b>. When in the rest position <b>104</b>, the heating means <b>70</b> is positioned outside of the direct view of the IR camera <b>82</b>, thereby providing the IR camera <b>82</b> with an unobstructed view of the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 11 to 16</figref> illustrate the functioning of the embodiment of apparatus <b>28</b> in accordance with the method disclosed herein. Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 16</figref>, after the machined metal component <b>10</b> is loaded into inner inspection position <b>58</b>, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> causes the X-axis linear slider <b>72</b> and Y-axis linear slider <b>84</b> to move the heat gun <b>94</b> from the rest position <b>104</b> to a position in the single plane <b>88</b> immediately above position I on the outer surface <b>14</b>. Once reaching position I, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> will cause the heat gun <b>94</b> to apply a pulse of hot air at a temperature of 600 degrees Celsius for a duration of three (3) seconds to position I on the outer surface <b>14</b>.

Following completion of the three (3) second duration of hot air pulse at position I, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> can cause the heat gun <b>94</b> to move along the X-axis linear slider <b>72</b> and Y-axis linear slider <b>84</b> back to the rest position <b>104</b>. The heat gun <b>94</b> will remain at the rest position <b>104</b> for sufficient time to allow the IR camera <b>82</b> to capture the IR signal from the outer surface <b>14</b>, which in the exemplary embodiment is approximately two (2) seconds. While at the rest position <b>104</b>, the IR camera <b>82</b> will have unobstructed view of the outer surface <b>14</b> following the application of heat to position I, and can detect an IR radiation signal emitted from the outer surface <b>14</b> following the application of heat.

Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 17</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 18</figref>, after completion of heating and IR radiation signal detection at the first position I, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> causes the X-axis linear slider <b>72</b> and Y-axis linear slider <b>84</b> to move the heat gun <b>94</b> from the rest position <b>104</b> to a position in the single plane <b>88</b> immediately above position II on the component surface <b>108</b>. Once reaching position II, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> will cause the heat gun <b>94</b> to apply a pulse of hot air at a temperature of 600 degrees Celsius for a duration of five (5) seconds to position II.

Following completion of the five (5) second duration of hot air pulse at position II, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> can cause the heat gun <b>94</b> to move along the X-axis linear slider <b>72</b> and Y-axis linear slider <b>84</b> back to the rest position <b>104</b>. The heat gun <b>94</b> will remain at the rest position <b>104</b> for approximately two (2) seconds. While at the rest position <b>104</b>, the IR camera <b>82</b> will have unobstructed view of the outer surface <b>14</b> following the application of heat to position II, and can detect an IR radiation signal emitted from the outer surface <b>14</b> following the application of heat.

The controller mechanism <b>32</b> can cause automation of this cycle of consecutive movement of the heat gun <b>94</b> to each of the plurality of locations I-IX, causing the heat gun <b>94</b> to apply heat at each location for the requisite predetermined amount of time at each location and then returning to the rest position <b>104</b> to permit the IR camera <b>82</b> to detect an IR radiation signal emitted from the outer surface <b>14</b> following the application of heat. This process will proceed consecutively for each position I-IX, with the controller causing the heat gun <b>94</b> to move sequentially from each location to the next following the predetermined amount of time at each location.

As illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 16</figref>, after moving through each position I-VIII, applying heat for the predetermined amount of time at each location I-VIII and detection of the IR radiation signal at each location I-VIII, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> moves the heat gun <b>94</b> to the final location IX. The controller mechanism <b>32</b> causes the heat gun <b>94</b> to apply a pulse of hot air for two (2) seconds to the final position IX. After completion of the two (2) second pulse of hot air, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> will cause the X-axis linear slider <b>72</b> and Y-axis linear slider <b>84</b> to move the heat gun <b>94</b> to the rest position <b>104</b> to permit the IR camera <b>82</b> to detect the IR radiation signal following the application of heat.

Optionally, the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 11 to 16</figref> may include a pair of pneumatic cylinders <b>74</b> connected to the drawer frame <b>44</b>. The controller mechanism <b>32</b> can automatically cause the pneumatic cylinders <b>74</b> to rotate the drawer frame <b>44</b> and the machined metal component <b>10</b> to allow for the application of heat to other sections of the machined component body <b>22</b>. In the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 20</figref>, following the application of heat at the final location IX and detection of the emitted IR radiation signal, the controller mechanism <b>32</b> may cause the pneumatic cylinders <b>74</b> to rotate the machined metal component <b>10</b> 180 degrees to allow for the inspection method herein disclosed to similarly be applied to various locations on the opposing side (not illustrated) of the machined metal component <b>10</b>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 21</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref> illustrate the visual output device <b>34</b> of the exemplary embodiment, before and after the detection and outputting of the IR radiation signal in the thermal image <b>116</b> respectively. In the exemplary embodiment, at the first location I prior to the application of heat, the machined component body <b>22</b> and machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> both had temperature values of approximately 27 degrees Celsius, which was approximately equal to the temperature of the ambient surrounding environment. At the first position I, the heat gun <b>94</b> applied a sustained pulse of hot air for three (3) seconds in duration. Immediately thereafter, the machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> was approximately 112 degrees Celsius in temperature and the outer surface <b>14</b> was approximately 34 degrees Celsius in temperature. Given the large surface area, density, and weight of the machined component body <b>22</b>, it is expected that there will be a relatively small component temperature elevation across the outer surface <b>14</b>. However, given that the machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> is much smaller in size, with a surface area substantially surrounded by air within the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>, it is expected that the fragment temperature elevation rate will be greater than the component temperature elevation rate.

In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, producing the thermal image <b>116</b> comprises directing the IR detection device <b>66</b> at the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b> to detect an IR radiation signal emitted from the outer surface <b>14</b>, processing the IR radiation signal with a signal processor <b>54</b> operably connected to the IR detection device <b>66</b> and producing and outputting the thermal image <b>116</b> from the IR radiation signal on a visual output device <b>34</b> operatively connected to the signal processor <b>54</b>. In the exemplary embodiment, heat is applied at each predetermined position I-IX for the predetermined amount of time. Following the application of heat at each position I-IX, the IR Camera <b>82</b> detects the IR radiation signal and the signal processor outputs a thermal image <b>116</b>. This process of applying heat, detecting the IR radiation signal and outputting a thermal image occurs at each predetermined position I-IX.

Illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref> is the thermal image <b>116</b> created following application of heat at the fifth predetermined position V. Referring to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, the IR camera <b>82</b> detected the IR radiation signal shortly after the completion of heating at the fifth location V, the signal processor <b>54</b> processed the IR radiation signal and outputted the thermal image <b>116</b> on the visual output device <b>34</b>. The signal processor <b>54</b> of the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref> is a standard Windows based PC operating standard image processing software. In this exemplary embodiment, the software used is VISIONPRO, produced by Cognex Corporation. The visual output device <b>34</b> can be a standard computer screen <b>110</b>, and in the exemplary embodiment, the visual output device <b>34</b> is a standard touch screen HMI monitor.

The signal processor <b>54</b> is configured to process the IR radiation signal and output the IR radiation signal in the form of a color-temperature map <b>112</b> thermal image <b>116</b> on the computer screen <b>110</b>. The color-temperature map <b>112</b> thermal image <b>116</b> may be configured to display colors corresponding with pre-defined temperatures across the thermal image <b>116</b> of the outer surface <b>14</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>. In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, given that the surrounding component temperature elevation <b>118</b> is approximately the same across the entire outer surface <b>14</b> (i.e. approximately 33 degrees Celsius) the majority of the thermal image <b>116</b> appears as a single color (the color black in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>) corresponding with approximately the same temperature across the outer surface <b>14</b>. In contrast, the heat elevation points <b>114</b> appear as a different color from the surrounding areas of the outer surface <b>14</b> within the color-temperature map <b>112</b> thermal image <b>116</b>. As illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, the heat elevation points <b>114</b> appear as a shade of green. As the heat elevation points <b>114</b> appear as a different color, which color is configured to correspond with a specific temperature, in the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref> the heat elevation points <b>114</b> indicate the presence of at least one machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> within one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> of the machined metal component <b>10</b>.

Given that the fragment temperature elevation rate is greater than the component temperature elevation rate, the heat elevation points <b>114</b> comprise a positive temperature gradient between the heat elevation points <b>114</b> and the surrounding outer surface <b>14</b>. This positive temperature gradient corresponds with the presence of a machined substrate fragment <b>24</b>.

In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, the IR camera <b>82</b> captures the IR radiation signal at a single point in time shortly after the completion of the heating process and the thermal image <b>116</b> is displayed as a color-temperature map <b>112</b> with specific colors corresponding with specific temperatures on the outer surface <b>14</b> at the point time when the IR radiation signal is captured. However, given that the machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> has a fragment temperature elevation rate that is greater than the component temperature elevation rate, in alternative embodiments the thermal image of temperature distribution may comprise a real-time transient image of temperature distribution across the outer surface <b>14</b>.

In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, immediately following the application of heat, the machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> was approximately 112 degrees Celsius in temperature and the machined component body <b>22</b> was approximately 34 degrees Celsius in temperature, indicating that the fragment temperature elevation rate was greater than the component temperature elevation rate. Therefore, a real-time transient image of temperature would also identify heat elevation points <b>114</b> corresponding with the presence of machined substrate fragments. Similarly, the fragment temperature cooling rate will also be greater than the component temperature cooling rate. In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, the temperature of the machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> within approximately 6 seconds following the application of heat had declined from approximately 112 degrees Celsius to approximately 34 degrees Celsius. As such the thermal image <b>116</b> may be produced as a real-time transient image as the temperature of the outer surface <b>14</b> and the at least one machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> begins cooling to the temperature of the ambient surrounding environment following the heating step. Such modifications to the thermal image <b>116</b> can be carried out by a skilled artisan, and such a skilled person would be able to correlate heat elevation points <b>114</b> within the thermal image <b>116</b> to the presence of machined substrate fragment <b>24</b>.

In accordance with the method herein described, the heat elevation points <b>114</b> comprise a positive temperature gradient between the heat elevation points <b>114</b> and the and the surrounding component temperature elevation <b>118</b>. In accordance with the method herein described, the positive temperature gradient corresponds with the presence of a machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> within the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> of the machined component body <b>22</b>.

In some applications, one skilled in the art may wish to filter out heat elevation points <b>114</b> smaller than a predetermined minimum size or greater than a predetermined maximum size, as such heat elevation points <b>114</b> may constitute IR radiation signal noise, foreign material inclusions within the machined component body <b>22</b> that elevate in temperature at a greater rate than the surrounding outer surface <b>14</b>, or other undesirable elements not requiring inspection.

In the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, machined substrate fragments <b>24</b> smaller than 2 millimeters×2 millimeters were considered negligible based on specifications of the exemplary embodiment. Fragments of such size can be correlated with a respective pixel size within the thermal image <b>116</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>; in the exemplary embodiment, a 2 millimeters×2 millimeters fragment with correspond with a size of approximately 10-20 pixels within the thermal image <b>116</b>. As such, the method may further comprise the steps of formatting the IR radiation signal with a low-pass size filter to remove heat elevation points smaller than a predetermined minimum size from the thermal image. In the exemplary embodiment, the low-pass size filter may remove heat elevation points <b>114</b> smaller than the corresponding pixel size within the thermal image <b>116</b>, as such machined substrate fragments <b>24</b> would be negligible in size or such heat elevation points <b>114</b> may correspond with inclusions that do not constitute machined substrate fragments <b>24</b> within the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>. The method may optionally comprise the steps of formatting the signal with a high-pass size filter to remove heat elevation points larger than a predetermined maximum size from the thermal image.

As discussed above, in the exemplary embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>, the temperature difference value between the machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> and the outer surface <b>14</b> immediately following the application of heat is approximately 85-90 degrees Celsius. Foreign material inclusions in the machined component body <b>22</b> or other foreign materials may also absorb heat at different temperatures than the machined component body <b>22</b>, thereby causing heat elevation points <b>114</b> to appear in the thermal image <b>116</b> which do not correspond with the presence of machined substrate fragments <b>24</b>.

Knowing the approximate fragment temperature elevation rate and the standard difference in temperature value between the machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> and the outer surface <b>14</b> following the application of heat, a skilled artisan may optimize the processing of the thermal image to optionally include the steps of calculating at least one temperature difference value between the temperature of the at least one heat elevation points and the component temperature elevation. The signal processor may format the IR radiation signal with a low-pass temperature filter to remove heat elevation points corresponding with the temperature difference value being smaller than a predetermined minimum temperature difference value from the thermal image. As such, one skilled in the art may filter the thermal image <b>116</b> to remove heat elevation points <b>114</b> having temperatures that do not correspond with machined substrate fragments <b>24</b> resident within the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b>. Similarly, one skilled in the art may optionally format the IR radiation signal with a high-pass temperature filter to remove heat elevation points corresponding with a temperature difference value being larger than a predetermined maximum temperature difference value from the thermal image.

The disclosed acts of optimizing the output format of the thermal image <b>116</b> and/or filtering the thermal image <b>116</b> can be deduced by the skilled artisan based upon the teachings contained within this disclosure. Through optimization, one skilled in the art can readily determine the appropriate temperature and duration for the application of heat in order to create the requisite fragment temperature elevation rate. Similarly, one skilled in the art can apply known color and filtering techniques in order to ensure that heat elevation points <b>114</b> appearing within the thermal image <b>116</b> correspond with machined substrate fragment <b>24</b> within the one or more internal chambers <b>12</b> of the machined component body <b>22</b>. Such testing, IR radiation signal detection and image processing techniques can be deduced by the skilled artisan based upon the teachings contained within this disclosure.

The foregoing embodiments are described in an illustrative sense. Further features and sub-combinations of aspects of the disclosed method and apparatus will be evident to skilled artisans. All of these features and sub-combinations are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.