Deploying an application across multiple deployment environments

RELATED APPLICATIONS

0001This patent arises from a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/453,644, filed on Aug. 7, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

0002The present disclosure relates generally to cloud computing and, more particularly, to deploying an application across multiple deployment environments.

BACKGROUND

0003In cloud computing design, numerous tools exist to create and deploy applications in cloud environments. For example, application provisioning tools facilitate cloud computing designers to create and standardize application deployment topologies on infrastructure clouds. Some application provisioning tools include graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that enable designers to generate application deployment topologies called application blueprints, which define structures and configurations of applications. Some applications include multiple nodes corresponding to different aspects of the application. Application provisioning tools enable deploying an application onto any selected one of a number of cloud environments. However, when a cloud environment is selected in an application provisioning tool, all nodes of the application are deployed on the same cloud environment. As such, prior application provisioning tools allow designers to deploy an application in a particular cloud environment based on the application blueprint such that all nodes of that application are deployed in the same cloud environment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> depicts an example application provisioning manager to generate application deployment profiles based on user-designed blueprints to deploy nodes of an application across multiple deployment environments.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> depicts an example graphical user interface of a blueprint editor of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> to facilitate specifying application deployment configurations.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> depicts an example graphical user interface of a deployment profile generator of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> to select deployment environments in which different nodes of an application are to be deployed.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> depicts an example graphical user interface of an example application deployer of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> to define mappings of logical templates to physical templates for the different nodes of an application to be deployed, and to define network configuration information for the application.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> depicts an example listing of programming instructions that may be used to generate machine readable instructions executable by a computer to generate a blueprint table for an example blueprint of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> depicts an example listing of programming instructions that may be used to generate machine readable instructions executable by a computer to store deployment environment details for an example deployment profile of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> is a flow diagram representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement the example application provisioning manager of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> to deploy nodes of an application across multiple deployment environments.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref> is a block diagram of an example processor system that may be used to implement the example application provisioning manager of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

0012Prior application provisioning managers enable designing applications by dragging and dropping different components of an application in a graphical user interface (GUI) of a blueprint editor. In this manner, designers of cloud-deployable applications can create blueprints that can be subsequently used one or more times to deploy instances of the same application in numerous deployment environments. That is, a blueprint designed using such a prior application provisioning manager can be used to deploy a first instance of an application, in its entirety (i.e., all nodes of the application), in a first physical cloud environment, and deploy a second instance of the application, in its entirety, in a second physical cloud environment. However, such prior application provisioning managers allow selecting only one deployment environment/cloud provider for a given blueprint defining an application. Such prior application provisioning managers do not allow configuring a blueprint for use in deploying different nodes of an application across multiple deployment environments/cloud environments.

0013Examples disclosed herein enable configuring a blueprint to deploy different nodes of an application across multiple deployment environments (e.g., different deployment environments of the same cloud provider or of different cloud providers). For example, a multi-tier application having an application server node and a database node may require the application server node to be deployed in a public cloud (e.g., Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) or any other suitable public cloud service), and the database node to be deployed in a private cloud (e.g., an enterprise cloud based on VMware vSphere® Platform or any other suitable private cloud platform). Using examples disclosed herein, designers of cloud-deployable applications can design blueprints to deploy nodes of an application across multiple deployment environments.

0014Examples disclosed herein may be used to configure an application for deployment across a plurality of deployment environments. Examples disclosed herein involve displaying a user-selectable control in a user interface. In examples disclosed herein, the user-selectable control is to specify whether the application is to be deployed across the plurality of deployment environments. In examples disclosed herein, based on a selection of the user-selectable control, a blueprint of the application stores an indication of whether the application is to be deployed across the plurality of deployment environments. In examples disclosed herein, based on the indication in the blueprint, an application deployment profile is generated to specify the plurality of deployment environments across which to deploy the application.

0015In some examples disclosed herein, the application deployment profile is stored in a memory, and the application deployment profile is useable at a deployment time to deploy the application across the plurality of deployment environments.

0016In some examples disclosed herein, the application deployment profile is to specify the plurality of deployment environments across which to deploy the application by specifying that a first node of the application is to be deployed in a first one of the plurality of deployment environments and that a second node of the application is to be deployed in a second one of the plurality of deployment environments.

0017In some examples disclosed herein, at a deployment time, configuration information is obtained to provision virtual machines in the plurality of deployment environments across which the application is to be deployed, and the application is deployed across the plurality of deployment environments based on the application deployment profile and the configuration information.

0018In some examples disclosed herein, the configuration information includes a mapping between a logical template and a physical template. In such some examples, the logical template specifies a virtual computing resource for one of the virtual machines, and the physical template includes metadata that describes a physical configuration of the one of the virtual machines.

0019In some examples disclosed herein, displaying the user-selectable control in the user interface comprises displaying the user-selectable control in association with the blueprint of the application.

0020In some examples disclosed herein, the application deployment profile indicates that a first node of the application is to be deployed in one of the deployment environments that is a public network, and a second node of the application is to be deployed in another one of the deployment environments that is a private network.

0021<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> depicts an example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> (e.g., an application director) to generate application deployment profiles based on user-designed blueprints to deploy nodes of an application across multiple deployment environments (e.g., different deployment environments of the same cloud provider or of different cloud providers). In the illustrated example, the example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> includes an example blueprint editor <b>102</b>, an example deployment profile generator <b>104</b>, and an example application deployer <b>106</b>. The example blueprint editor <b>102</b> is provided to receive user inputs and generate an example application blueprint <b>108</b> (e.g., a user-designed application blueprint) that is based on a user-specified configuration indicating whether nodes (e.g., an example load balancer node <b>110</b>, an example application server (appserver) node <b>112</b>, and an example database node <b>114</b>) of an example application <b>116</b> are to be deployed in the same deployment environment or are to be deployed across multiple deployment environments (e.g., the example deployment environments A <b>118</b><i>a </i>and B <b>118</b><i>b</i>). The example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> is provided to generate an example deployment profile <b>120</b> (e.g., an application deployment profile) based on the example nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the example application <b>116</b> specified in the application blueprint <b>108</b> by selecting deployment environments (e.g., the example deployment environments A <b>118</b><i>a </i>and B <b>118</b><i>b</i>) in which the example nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> are to be deployed.

0022In the illustrated example, the application provisioning manager <b>100</b> also includes an example profile repository <b>122</b> to store deployment profiles such as the example deployment profile <b>120</b> for subsequent use at deployment time (e.g., a deployment phase) to deploy, for example, the application <b>116</b>. The example profile repository <b>122</b> may be implemented using any suitable memory (e.g., the random access memory <b>814</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, the local memory <b>813</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, the mass storage memory <b>828</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>, etc.) to store computer readable data. In some examples, the profile repository <b>122</b> is separate from the application provisioning manager <b>100</b>.

0023Applications, such as the application <b>116</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, are often developed using a multi-tier architecture in which functions such as presentation, application processing, and data management are logically separate components. For example, an enterprise's custom banking application that has a multi-tier architecture may use a cluster of application servers (e.g., JBoss Application Servers) to execute in a scalable runtime environment, a relational database management system (e.g., MySQL) to store account data, and a load balancer to distribute network traffic for robustness. To deploy such a multi-tier application, a developer, who understands the architecture of the application, must coordinate with a system administrator, who controls access to computing resources, to determine which computing resources (e.g., computing, networking, and storage) and software services (e.g., software packages) should be provisioned to support execution of the application.

0024Blueprints, such as the application blueprint <b>108</b>, define the structure of an application, enable the use of standardized application infrastructure components, and specify installation dependencies and default configurations. Blueprints define the topology for deployment in an infrastructure-agnostic manner to be portable across different cloud computing environments. The application blueprint <b>108</b> may be assembled out of items from a catalog (not shown), which is a listing of available virtual computing resources (e.g., virtual machines (VMs), networking, storage, etc.) that may be provisioned by cloud computing platform providers (e.g., one or more cloud providers of the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b</i>) and available application components (e.g., software services, scripts, code components, application-specific packages) that may be installed on the provisioned virtual computing resources. An administrator <b>124</b> (e.g., IT or system administrator) may pre-populate and customize a catalog by entering specifications, configurations, properties, and other details about each item in the catalog. The application blueprint <b>108</b> may define one or more dependencies between application components to indicate an installation order of the application components during deployment. For example, since a load balancer usually cannot be configured until a web application is up and running, the application blueprint <b>108</b> may specify a dependency from an Apache service to an application code package.

0025In the illustrated examples, the example deployment profile <b>120</b> for the example application <b>116</b> is generated using the example application blueprint <b>108</b> described above. In some examples, the example deployment profile <b>120</b> is separated and distributed as local deployment plans having a series of tasks to be executed by virtual machines provisioned from a cloud computing environment. Each virtual machine coordinates execution of each task with a centralized deployment module to ensure that tasks are executed in an order that complies with dependencies specified in the example application blueprint <b>108</b>. In the illustrated example of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, the load balancer node <b>110</b> runs on an example VM <b>126</b> in the deployment environment A <b>118</b><i>a</i>, and the appserver node <b>112</b> and the database node <b>114</b> run on an example VM <b>128</b> in the deployment environment B <b>118</b><i>b</i>. The VM <b>126</b> of the illustrated example is configured based on the deployment profile <b>120</b> to coordinate execution of tasks to deploy the load balancer node <b>110</b> to run in the deployment environment A <b>118</b><i>a</i>. The VM <b>128</b> of the illustrated example is configured based on the deployment profile <b>120</b> to coordinate execution of tasks to deploy the appserver node <b>112</b> and the database node <b>114</b> to run in the deployment environment B <b>118</b><i>b</i>. Although the appserver node <b>112</b> and the database node <b>114</b> are shown running on the same VM <b>128</b>, in other examples, separate VMs in the deployment environment B <b>118</b><i>b </i>may be provided to run the appserver node <b>112</b> and the database node <b>114</b>.

0026The example application deployer <b>106</b> is provided to define network configuration details for the example deployment profile <b>120</b> at deployment time. For example, when a developer <b>130</b> is ready to deploy the application <b>116</b> across the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b</i>, the developer <b>130</b> can define network mapping details as discussed below in connection with <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>. In the illustrated examples, network mapping details enable cloud environments to configure virtual machines for hosting the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b>. The example application deployer <b>106</b> is provided with an example cloud abstraction layer (CAL) module <b>131</b> that communicates network mapping details and configuration information to target cloud providers (e.g., cloud providers of the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b</i>) to provision the VMs that are to host the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b>.

0027In the illustrated example, the application provisioning manager <b>100</b> (e.g., an application director) runs in one or more VMs. The application provisioning manager <b>100</b> of the illustrated example may be used by the developer <b>130</b> of an enterprise <b>132</b> to configure and deploy the application <b>116</b> across the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b</i>. For example, the developer <b>130</b> may interact with the blueprint editor <b>102</b> to create the application blueprint <b>108</b>, may interact with the deployment profile generator <b>104</b> to create the deployment profile <b>120</b>, and may interact with the application deployer <b>106</b> to define network configuration details to deploy the application <b>116</b>.

0028While an example manner of implementing the application provisioning manager <b>100</b> is illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> may be combined, divided, re-arranged, omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in any other way. Further, the example blueprint editor <b>102</b>, the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b>, the example application deployer <b>106</b>, the example CAL module <b>131</b> and/or, more generally, the example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Thus, for example, any of the example blueprint editor <b>102</b>, the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b>, the example application deployer <b>106</b>, the example CAL module <b>131</b> and/or, more generally, the example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> could be implemented by one or more analog or digital circuit(s), logic circuits, programmable processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)). When reading any of the apparatus or system claims of this patent to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the example blueprint editor <b>102</b>, the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b>, the example application deployer <b>106</b>, and/or the example CAL module <b>131</b> is/are hereby expressly defined to include a tangible computer readable storage device or storage disk such as a memory, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a compact disk (CD), a Blu-ray disk, etc. storing the software and/or firmware. Further still, the example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices.

0029<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> depicts an example blueprint editor graphical user interface (GUI) <b>200</b> of the example blueprint editor <b>102</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. The example blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> is provided to the example blueprint editor <b>102</b> to enable users (e.g., the developer <b>130</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) to specify application deployment configurations. In the illustrated example, the blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> shows the blueprint <b>108</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> of the application <b>116</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> that includes the load balancer node <b>110</b>, the appserver node <b>112</b>, and the database node <b>114</b>. In the illustrated example, the blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> is provided with a user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> (e.g., a ‘Same Environment’ field) that is displayed to allow a user to specify whether the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b> are all to be deployed in the same deployment environment or across multiple deployment environments.

0030In the illustrated example, when the ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> is selected in the example blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> by a user, the blueprint editor <b>102</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> detects the selection (e.g., via a flag or value set to one) of the ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> and configures the blueprint <b>108</b> of the application <b>116</b> to indicate that the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b> are to be deployed in the same deployment environment. For example, all of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> may be deployed in the deployment environment A <b>118</b><i>a </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, all of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> may be deployed in the deployment environment B <b>118</b><i>b </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, etc. In such instances, the selected deployment environment can be bound to the application <b>116</b> at the application level so that all of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b> are configured to be deployed in the same deployment environment bound to the application <b>116</b>. For example, the deployment environment generator <b>104</b> can bind the selected deployment environment to the application <b>116</b> by storing an identifier of the deployment environment in a deployment environment property value of the application <b>116</b>. Alternatively, the deployment environment generator <b>104</b> can bind the selected deployment environment to the application <b>116</b> by individually setting deployment environment property values of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b> to the identifier of the deployment environment.

0031In the illustrated example, when the ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> is not selected in the example blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> by a user, the blueprint editor <b>102</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> detects the non-selection of the ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> and configures the blueprint <b>108</b> of the application <b>116</b> to indicate that the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b> are to be deployed across multiple deployment environments. For example, one or some of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> are to be deployed in the deployment environment A <b>118</b><i>a </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, and the remaining one(s) of the node(s) <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> are to be deployed in the deployment environment B <b>118</b><i>b </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. In such examples, binding different selected deployment environments to different ones of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> at the node level enables deploying different ones of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> in different deployment environments. For instance, the illustrated example of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> shows an example deployment of the application <b>116</b> across multiple deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b </i>based on the ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> not having been selected in the example blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> during a design phase of the blueprint <b>108</b>. In particular, the illustrated example of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> shows the example load balancer node <b>110</b> deployed in the example deployment environment A <b>118</b><i>a </i>and the example appserver node <b>112</b> and the example database node <b>114</b> deployed in the example deployment environment B <b>118</b><i>b</i>. As such, the example load balancer node <b>110</b> is bound at the node level to the example deployment environment A <b>118</b><i>a</i>, and the example appserver node <b>112</b> and the example database node <b>114</b> are bound at the node level to the example deployment environment B <b>118</b><i>b</i>. Other deployment configurations to deploy the application <b>116</b> across multiple deployment environments are also possible so long as at least one node of the application <b>116</b> is in a deployment environment that is separate from another deployment environment in which another node of the application <b>116</b> is deployed. In the examples disclosed herein, to bind different deployment environments (e.g., the example deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b</i>) to different ones of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>, the deployment environment generator <b>104</b> can store identifiers of the different deployment environments in corresponding deployment environment property values of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>.

0032<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> depicts an example deployment profile generator GUI <b>300</b> of the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. The example deployment profile generator GUI <b>300</b> is provided to the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> to generate the example deployment profile <b>120</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> by enabling users (e.g., the developer <b>130</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) to select example deployment environments <b>302</b> in which different ones of the example nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the example application <b>116</b> are to be deployed. In the illustrated example, the profile generator GUI <b>300</b> displays the blueprint <b>108</b> of the application <b>116</b> and the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>. When a user selects one of the example nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> in the blueprint <b>108</b>, the profile generator GUI <b>300</b> displays a listing of the example deployment environments <b>302</b> selectable by a user to specify in which one of the example deployment environments <b>302</b> the selected one of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> is to be deployed. In this manner, selected deployment environments can be bound to nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> at the node level rather than at the application level so that different ones of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> can be deployed in different deployment environments. In some examples, the example deployment environments <b>302</b> may include the example deployment environments A <b>118</b><i>a </i>and B <b>118</b><i>b </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>.

0033In the illustrated example, a human interface device pointer <b>304</b> is shown selecting the load balancer node <b>110</b>. Selection of the load balancer node <b>110</b> indicates that the load balancer node <b>110</b> is to be deployed in a selected one of the example deployment environments <b>302</b> displayed in the profile generator GUI <b>300</b>. In similar manner, the user may use the human interface device pointer <b>304</b> to select the appserver node <b>112</b> and specify one of the example deployment environments <b>302</b> in which to deploy the appserver node <b>112</b>, and also to select the database node <b>114</b> and specify one of the example deployment environments <b>302</b> in which to deploy the database node <b>114</b>. Based on user-selections received via the example profile generator GUI <b>300</b>, the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> generates the example deployment profile <b>120</b> to store the mappings between the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the example application <b>116</b> and corresponding deployment environments. In the illustrated example, the deployment profile generator <b>104</b> stores the example deployment profile <b>120</b> in the profile repository <b>122</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>).

0034<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> depicts an example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> of the example application deployer <b>106</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. In the illustrated example, the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> facilitates defining mappings of logical templates to physical templates for the different ones of the example nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1-3</figref>) of the example application <b>116</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1-3</figref>) to be deployed. In the illustrated example, the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> also facilitates defining network configurations (e.g., network mapping details) for the example application <b>116</b>. In the illustrated example, the application deployer <b>106</b> displays the application deployer GUI <b>400</b> at deployment time based on the example deployment profile <b>120</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> generated by the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b>. To define mappings between logical templates and physical templates, the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> is provided with a virtual machine templates display area <b>402</b> showing logical templates <b>404</b> and physical templates <b>406</b> (e.g., cloud templates). To define network mapping details, the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> is provided with a networking display area <b>408</b>.

0035In the illustrated example of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, the logical templates <b>404</b> enable the example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> to define an application topology in a cloud-agnostic manner. A logical template may specify virtual computing resources for a virtual machine, such as CPU, memory, networking, storage, guest operating system, pre-installed installed runtime environments (e.g., Java Runtime Environment), and application services and commands (e.g., ssh, wget). For example, one logical template may specify a virtual machine having a guest operating system CentOS version 5.6 supporting 32-bit architecture, while another logical template may specify a virtual machine having Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1 supporting 64-bit architecture. In some examples, the administrator <b>124</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) specifies a name, description, and descriptive metadata for each logical template. In some examples, descriptive metadata such as non-hierarchical keywords or “tags” are used to organize listings of logical templates and enhance readability of logical templates during blueprint creation. For example, the administrator <b>124</b> may tag a logical template as a “Database Servers” tag and/or an “OS Templates” tag. Because some application nodes may not run on all operating systems, the administrator <b>124</b> may use descriptive metadata to label operating systems installed and supported by the logical templates. Such “operating system tags” provide system compatibility metadata that may be used to later limit which application nodes can be added to a logical template. For example, if the administrator <b>124</b> specifies a logical template having Ubuntu OS installed, example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> may prevent the developer <b>130</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) from later attempting to add a software service that does not run on Ubuntu onto this logical template.

0036In the illustrated example, the physical templates <b>406</b> are metadata that describes the physical configuration of a virtual machine, including CPU, memory, network, storage, guest operating system, and other supporting libraries pre-installed and used to repeatedly create a VM having the specified settings. Physical templates <b>406</b> that are made available by a cloud provider (e.g., one or more cloud providers of the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) are sometimes referred to as “cloud templates.”

0037In the illustrated example of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, a user (e.g., the developer <b>130</b>) may interact with the VM templates display area <b>402</b> to select physical templates <b>406</b> to map to the logical templates <b>404</b> for the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>. Also in the illustrated example of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, the user may interact with the networking display area <b>408</b> to specify network details (e.g., cloud network name) for mapping to the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>. For example, a user may customize ones of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> by defining multiple network interfaces, sometimes referred to as “NICs,” to separate data communication with the node into separated sub-networks. For a given one of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>, the user may specify more than one NIC, each NIC having a logical network name (e.g., “MgmtNetwork,” “ServiceNetwork”). At deployment time, the example application deployer <b>106</b> maps the named logical network to an actual cloud network provided by a cloud provider. For example, the example load balancer node <b>110</b> may be specified to be the only node that may be accessed from a public network (e.g., Internet), and the example appserver node <b>112</b> and the example database node <b>114</b> may be deployed in a private network. In the illustrated example, since the example nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> belong to the same example application <b>116</b>, the load balancer node <b>110</b> should be able to access the appserver node <b>112</b> and the database node <b>114</b>. As such, a user may specify, via the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b>, that the load balancer node <b>110</b> should be allocated two NICs (e.g., a first NIC pointing to a “service” network and a second NIC pointing to a “management” network). The user may also specify that the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> that each of the appserver node <b>112</b> and the database node <b>114</b> is allocated a single corresponding NIC pointing to the service network. At deployment time, the user may specify via the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> that a service network be mapped to a private cloud network (e.g., the example deployment environment B <b>118</b><i>b </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) protected by a firewall and may specify the management network be mapped to a public cloud network (e.g., the example deployment environment A <b>118</b><i>a </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>).

0038After the example application deployer <b>106</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> has defined the network configuration details (e.g., network mapping details) for the example application <b>116</b> based on user-input received via the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b>, the example application deployer <b>106</b> deploys the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the example application <b>116</b> based on the network configuration details. In the illustrated example of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, the example application deployer <b>106</b> deploys the load balancer node <b>110</b>, the appserver node <b>112</b>, and the database node <b>114</b> across the example deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a </i>and <b>118</b><i>b </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>.

0039<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> depicts an example listing of programming instructions <b>500</b> that may be used to generate machine readable instructions executable by a computer to generate a blueprint table for the example blueprint <b>108</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. The blueprint table of the example blueprint <b>108</b> is used by the blueprint editor <b>102</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> to display the blueprint <b>108</b> of the application <b>116</b> in the example blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref>. As such, the example programming instructions <b>500</b> are provided to enable the blueprint editor <b>102</b> to display the blueprint <b>108</b> in the example blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b>. As discussed above in connection with <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref>, the example blueprint editor <b>102</b> displays the user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> in the example blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> to enable a user to select whether all of the example nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the example application <b>116</b> are to be deployed in the same deployment environment or across multiple deployment environments. In the illustrated example of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>, to enable the blueprint editor <b>102</b> to store a value corresponding to the user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b>, the example programming instructions <b>500</b> are provided with a same_environment boolean variable initialization instruction <b>502</b> to create a same_environment boolean variable to store the value (e.g., selected (same_environment=true) or not selected (same_environment=false)) of the user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b>. In this manner, the blueprint editor <b>102</b> can determine whether the application <b>116</b> is to be deployed in a single deployment environment or across multiple deployment environments based on whether the value in the same_environment variable initialized by the same_environment variable initialization instruction <b>502</b> indicates that a user selected or did not select the user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b>.

0040<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> depicts an example listing of programming instructions <b>600</b> that may be used to generate machine readable instructions executable by a computer to store deployment environment details for the example deployment profile <b>120</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. In the illustrated example, the programming instructions <b>600</b> are provided to enable the application deployer <b>106</b> to define the network configuration details discussed above in connection with <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> for use in deploying the application <b>116</b> across multiple deployment environments (e.g., the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a </i>and <b>118</b><i>b </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>). In the illustrated example, the programming instructions <b>600</b> are provided with a deployment_environment_id integer variable initialization instruction <b>602</b> to create a variable to store the network mapping details defined based on user-input received via the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>. At runtime (e.g., a runtime phase), when the deployment of the example application <b>116</b> is scheduled, the example CAL module <b>131</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) of the application deployer <b>106</b> accesses the deployment_profile_pnode table generated using the example programming instructions <b>600</b> to retrieve information about the deployment environment for each of the example nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> in the example application blueprint <b>108</b>. The example CAL module <b>131</b> of the example application deployer <b>106</b> then communicates the information to specified cloud environments (e.g., the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b</i>) to provision VMs that will host the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>. In this manner, the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> can be deployed across multiple deployment environments.

0041A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions for implementing the application provisioning manager <b>100</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> is shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>. In this example, the machine readable instructions comprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor <b>812</b> shown in the example processor platform <b>800</b> discussed below in connection with <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref>. The program may be embodied in software stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor <b>812</b>, but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor <b>812</b> and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware. Further, although the example program is described with reference to the flowchart illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>, many other methods of implementing the example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> may alternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the blocks may be changed, and/or some of the blocks described may be changed, eliminated, or combined.

0042As mentioned above, the example process of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a cache, a random-access memory (RAM) and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the term tangible computer readable storage medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As used herein, “tangible computer readable storage medium” and “tangible machine readable storage medium” are used interchangeably. Additionally or alternatively, the example process of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and/or machine readable medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the term non-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As used herein, when the phrase “at least” is used as the transition term in a preamble of a claim, it is open-ended in the same manner as the term “comprising” is open ended.

0043The example program of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> begins at block <b>702</b> at which the example blueprint editor <b>102</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) displays the user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> in the example blueprint editor GUI <b>200</b> (block <b>702</b>). The example blueprint editor <b>102</b> stores a ‘same environment’ value in the example blueprint <b>108</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> (block <b>704</b>). For example, the example blueprint editor <b>102</b> may access the ‘same environment’ value stored in the same_environment boolean variable initialized based on the same environment boolean variable initialization instruction <b>502</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>, and store the ‘same_environment’ value in the example blueprint <b>108</b>. As discussed above, the value in the same_environment boolean variable indicates whether the user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> is selected (e.g., same_environment=true) or not selected (e.g., same_environment=false) to specify whether the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the example application <b>116</b> are to be deployed in a single deployment environment or across multiple deployment environments (e.g., across the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b </i>of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>).

0044The example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> receives a request to create the example deployment profile <b>120</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> (block <b>706</b>). For example, the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> may receive user input indicative of a user's desire to create the example deployment profile <b>120</b>. Based on the received request, the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> determines whether the ‘same environment’ value is true (block <b>708</b>). For example, the ‘same environment’ value is true when a user selects the user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> to indicate that the application <b>116</b> is to be deployed in a single deployment environment. When the ‘same environment’ value is false, a user has not selected the user-selectable ‘Same Environment’ GUI control <b>202</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref>, which indicates that the application <b>116</b> is to be deployed across multiple deployment environments (e.g., the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b</i>).

0045If the ‘same environment’ value is true (block <b>708</b>), the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> determines the deployment environment in which the application <b>116</b> is to be deployed (block <b>710</b>). For example, the application <b>116</b> can be entirely deployed in the example deployment environment <b>118</b><i>a </i>or entirely deployed in the example deployment environment <b>118</b><i>b</i>. The example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> generates the deployment profile <b>120</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> with a configuration to deploy all the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b> in a single deployment environment (block <b>712</b>). Control then advances to block <b>718</b>.

0046If the ‘same environment’ value is false (block <b>708</b>), control advances to block <b>714</b> at which the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> determines the deployment environments across which the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b> are to be deployed. For example, the example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> may receive user-selected deployment environments from the deployment profile generator GUI <b>300</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> that specify corresponding deployment environments for the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>. The example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> generates the deployment profile <b>120</b> with configuration information specifying different deployment environments in which to deploy the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b> (block <b>716</b>). For example, the deployment profile generator <b>104</b> binds different user-specified deployment environments at a node-level to different ones of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> in the deployment profile <b>120</b> so that the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> can be deployed in corresponding ones of the specified deployment environments at a deployment time of the application <b>116</b>. For example, to bind different deployment environments to different ones of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>, the deployment environment generator <b>104</b> can store identifiers of the different deployment environments in corresponding deployment environment property values of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b>. The example deployment profile generator <b>104</b> stores the deployment profile <b>120</b> in the example profile repository <b>122</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> (block <b>718</b>). In this manner, the application deployer <b>106</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> can subsequently retrieve the deployment profile <b>120</b> at a deployment time to deploy the application <b>116</b> across the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b. </i>

0047The application deployer <b>106</b> determines whether it should deploy the application <b>116</b> (block <b>720</b>). For example, the application deployer <b>106</b> may determine whether it has received a user-submitted request to deploy the application <b>116</b>, or whether a scheduled time to deploy the application <b>116</b> has arrived. For example, a user-submitted request may initiate a deployment time instantly or at some future time at which the application deployer <b>106</b> is to deploy the application <b>116</b>.

0048When the application deployer <b>106</b> determines that it should deploy the application <b>116</b> (block <b>720</b>), the application deployer <b>106</b> obtains configuration information for deployment (block <b>722</b>). In the illustrated example, to obtain configuration information for deployment, the application deployer <b>106</b> displays the application deployer GUI <b>400</b> at the deployment time determined at block <b>720</b> based on the example deployment profile <b>120</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. The example CAL module <b>131</b> of the application deployer <b>106</b> accesses the deployment_profile_pnode table generated using the example programming instructions <b>600</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> to obtain information about the deployment environment for each of the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> in the application blueprint <b>108</b>. For example, the CAL module <b>131</b> of the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> obtains mappings between logical templates <b>404</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>) and physical templates <b>406</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>) as specified in the VM templates display area <b>402</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>). In addition, the CAL module <b>131</b> of the example application deployer GUI <b>400</b> obtains network mapping details as specified in the networking display area <b>408</b> (<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>). In this manner, the application deployer <b>106</b> has the deployment configuration information needed for it to send to specified cloud environments (e.g., the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b</i>) to provision VMs (e.g., the VMs, <b>126</b>, <b>128</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) that will host the nodes <b>110</b>, <b>112</b>, <b>114</b> of the application <b>116</b>.

0049In the illustrated example, the application deployer <b>106</b> deploys the application <b>116</b> (block <b>724</b>) to the deployment environments <b>118</b><i>a</i>, <b>118</b><i>b </i>based on, for example, one or more of the application blueprint <b>108</b>, the deployment profile <b>120</b>, and the configuration information obtained at block <b>722</b>. After the application <b>116</b> is deployed at block <b>724</b>, or if the application deployer <b>106</b> determines that the application <b>116</b> is not to be deployed at block <b>720</b>, the example process of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> ends. In some examples, the application deployer <b>106</b> may, from time to time, monitor whether to deploy the application <b>116</b> (block <b>720</b>) so that when a user submits a request to deploy the application <b>116</b> or a scheduled time arrives at which the application <b>116</b> is to be deployed, control can advance to block <b>722</b> so that the application deployer <b>106</b> can deploy the application <b>116</b>.

0050<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8</figref> is a block diagram of an example processor platform <b>800</b> capable of executing the instructions of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> to implement the example application provisioning manager <b>100</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. The processor platform <b>800</b> can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, or any other type of suitable computing device. The processor platform <b>800</b> of the illustrated example includes a processor <b>812</b>. The processor <b>812</b> of the illustrated example is hardware. For example, the processor <b>812</b> can be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer.

0051The processor <b>812</b> of the illustrated example includes a local memory <b>813</b> (e.g., a cache). The processor <b>812</b> of the illustrated example is in communication with a main memory including a volatile memory <b>814</b> and a non-volatile memory <b>816</b> via a bus <b>818</b>. The volatile memory <b>814</b> may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device. The non-volatile memory <b>816</b> may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the main memory <b>814</b>, <b>816</b> is controlled by a memory controller.

0052The processor platform <b>800</b> of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit <b>820</b>. The interface circuit <b>820</b> may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface.

0053In the illustrated example, one or more input devices <b>822</b> are connected to the interface circuit <b>820</b>. The input device(s) <b>822</b> permit(s) a user to enter data and commands into the processor <b>812</b>. The input device(s) can be implemented by, for example, an audio sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system.

0054One or more output devices <b>824</b> are also connected to the interface circuit <b>820</b> of the illustrated example. The output devices <b>824</b> can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactile output device, a light emitting diode (LED), a printer and/or speakers). The interface circuit <b>820</b> of the illustrated example, thus, typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip or a graphics driver processor.

0055The interface circuit <b>820</b> of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network <b>826</b> (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).

0056The processor platform <b>800</b> of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices <b>828</b> for storing software and/or data. Examples of such mass storage devices <b>828</b> include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAID systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives.

0057Example coded instructions <b>832</b> of the illustrated example include the example machine readable instructions of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>. The example coded instructions <b>832</b> may be stored in the mass storage device <b>828</b>, in the volatile memory <b>814</b>, in the non-volatile memory <b>816</b>, and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD.

0058From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the above disclosed methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture enable configuring application blueprints of cloud-deployable applications to indicate when applications are to be deployed across multiple deployment environments. In this manner, application deployment profiles need not be limited to configurations in which an application is only deployable in its entirety in a single deployment environment. That is, examples disclosed herein provide users the flexibility of selecting what applications are to be deployed across multiple deployment environments and what applications are to be deployed in a single deployment environment so that deployment profiles can be generated to specify different deployment environments across which to deploy different nodes of an application.

0059Although certain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture have been disclosed herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the claims of this patent.