Medication dispensers

The present application is a National Phase entry of PCT Application No. PCT/US2013/036890, filed Apr. 17, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/636,099 filed Apr. 20, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entities.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to medical devices. More particularly, this disclosure relates to medication dispensers.

BACKGROUND

Medical devices such as drug pumps are known. Drug pumps often are grouped into types such as so-called ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, multichannel pumps. Such pumps may also provide a so-called PCA (or, “patient-controlled analgesia”) function, depending upon a particular medical need. Although these groupings are often helpful for a general understanding and characterization of drug pumps per se, such terminology is neither limiting nor conclusive and may at times be used interchangeably and variably in the medical arts.

PCA pumps have proven to be particularly useful to both healthcare practitioners and patients. A PCA pump is designed to permit a patient to safely self-medicate with pain medications. By using a PCA pump under an order of a healthcare practitioner, a patient receives a dose of medication by activating a control on, or connection to, the pump such as a push-button activator or switch. Such activation as desired by the patient starts a pumping mechanism in the PCA pump which delivers a measured dose of a fluidic drug (e.g., a liquid narcotic medication) from the cassette to the patient via an intravenous or other fluid line within an allowable time interval. If a PCA command is activated during a time interval in which an allowable dose has already been administered, the pump may be “locked out” and intentionally rendered unable to deliver the dose until the appropriate time interval has passed—thereby safely preventing the patient from taking more than a maximum allowable dose of medication during a measured time interval. The PCA pump may also record a volume of the drug delivered over selected time intervals. The PCA pump may also be queried, to chart the volume of the drug delivered and a number of doses administered to the patient. PCA pumps may also provide any number of other safety features individually or in various combinations—such as, for example, enforcing a maximum number of self-administered doses over a programmable time period and enforcing a maximum amount of drug delivered over a programmable time period.

When a patient is in, e.g., post-operative recovery and no longer requires a PCA drug delivered through a fluid line such as an intravenous set, substantially solid medications (e.g., pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular, or powdered medications, and the like) are often prescribed to be taken orally by the patient in an effort to increase the patient's comfort and reduce risks of infection associated with intravenous drug delivery. In such circumstances, it would be particularly advantageous to provide the functionality and safety features of a PCA drug pump to a patient taking substantially solid medications. Unfortunately, however, there heretofore has been no provision for dispensing substantially solid medication to a patient by way of a PCA pump.

Therefore, it would be particularly useful and advantageous to provide a PCA pump that also is capable of dispensing substantially solid medication to a patient.

SUMMARY

This disclosure describes novel and inventive medication dispensers. This disclosure also describes novel and inventive features and uses of medication dispensers.

In one embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The dispensing device can be a removable cassette that could be selectively mounted to the control module. The cassette can comprise an actuator therewithin, and be driven by command from the control module, in response to activation of the dose request device, to advance the medication outwardly from the cassette.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The dispensing device can be a removable cassette that could be selectively mounted to the control module. The cassette can comprise an actuator therewithin, and be driven by command from the control module, in response to activation of the dose request device, to advance the medication outwardly from the cassette. The cassette can also comprise individual medication packages, with the packages containing the substantially solid medication. The packages can include sequentially-spaced apertures that rotatably engage sequentially-spaced pegs on the actuator, such that the medication packages can be rotatably advanced by the actuator outwardly from the cassette upon command from the control module.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The communication between the medication dose request device and the drug pump, and between the dispensing device and the drug pump, can be provided by devices selected from a group consisting of wired communication devices and wireless communication devices.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The dispensing device can be a removable cassette that could be selectively mounted to the control module. The cassette can comprise an actuator therewithin, and be driven by command from the control module, in response to activation of the dose request device, to advance the medication outwardly from the cassette. The actuator can include radially segmented compartments for containing selected doses of the medication, such that the medication may be rotatably advanced by the actuator outwardly from the cassette upon command from the control module.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The dispensing device can be a removable cassette that could be selectively mounted to the control module. The cassette could contain an actuator therewithin, and be driven by command from the control module, in response to activation of the dose request device, to advance the medication outwardly from the cassette. The actuator can include radially segmented compartments for containing selected doses of the medication, such that the medication may be rotatably advanced by the actuator outwardly from the cassette upon command from the control module. The communication between the medication dose request device and the drug pump, and between the dispensing device and the drug pump, can be selected from a group consisting of wired communications and wireless communications.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The dispensing device can be a removable cassette that could be selectively mounted to the control module. The cassette can comprise an actuator therewithin, and be driven by command from the control module, in response to activation of the dose request device, to advance the medication outwardly from the cassette. The actuator can include radially segmented compartments for containing selected doses of the medication, such that the medication can be rotatably advanced by the actuator outwardly from the cassette upon command from the control module. The cassette can include a housing having a door, for sequential access to a selected one of the compartments. The actuator can be driven by command from the control module to advance the selected one of the compartments into corresponding alignment with the door, to permit the medication to be removed therefrom.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The dispensing device can be a removable cassette that could be selectively mounted to the control module. The cassette can comprise an actuator therewithin, and be driven by command from the control module, in response to activation of the dose request device, to advance the medication outwardly from the cassette. The actuator can include radially segmented compartments for containing selected doses of the medication, such that the medication can be rotatably advanced by the actuator outwardly from the cassette upon command from the control module. The cassette can include a housing having a door, for sequential access to a selected one of the compartments. The actuator can be driven by command from the control module to advance the selected one of the compartments into corresponding alignment with the door, to permit the medication to be removed therefrom. The communication between the medication dose request device and the drug pump, and between the dispensing device and the drug pump, can be selected from a group consisting of wired communications and wireless communications.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The dispensing device can be a removable cassette that can be selectively mounted to the control module. The cassette can comprise an actuator therewithin, and be driven by command from the control module, in response to activation of the dose request device, to advance the medication outwardly from the cassette. The actuator can include radially segmented compartments for containing selected doses of the medication, such that the medication can be rotatably advanced by the actuator outwardly from the cassette upon command from the control module. The cassette can include a housing having a plurality of doors arranged radially around the actuator in the cassette, each for access to a corresponding one of the compartments, the doors each having an engaging protrusion. A latching ring can slidably engage the engaging protrusions on the doors to prevent the doors from opening, with the latching ring further including a notched area. The actuator, with the latching ring and the notched area, can be driven by command from the control module to rotate to a degree corresponding to a selected one of the doors, such that the notched area permits a corresponding engaging protrusion of the selected one of the doors to be disengaged from the latching ring, thereby permitting the selected one of the doors to be opened and the medication to be removed therefrom.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device is in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, is in communication with the drug pump. The medication dose request device can be selected from a group consisting of remote dose cord devices and voice-activated devices. The substantially solid medication can be selected from a group consisting of pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials. The drug pump can be a PCA pump selected from a group consisting of ambulatory pumps, peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps, gravity-feed pumps, elastomeric pumps, and multichannel pumps. The dispensing device can be a removable cassette that can be selectively mounted to the control module. The cassette can comprise an actuator therewithin, and be driven by command from the control module, in response to activation of the dose request device, to advance the medication outwardly from the cassette. The actuator can include radially segmented compartments for containing selected doses of the medication, such that the medication can be rotatably advanced by the actuator outwardly from the cassette upon command from the control module. The cassette can include a housing having a plurality of doors arranged radially around the actuator in the cassette, each for access to a corresponding one of the compartments, the doors each having an engaging protrusion. A latching ring can slidably engage the engaging protrusions on the doors to prevent the doors from opening, with the latching ring further including a notched area. The actuator, with the latching ring and the notched area, can be driven by command from the control module to rotate to a degree corresponding to a selected one of the doors, such that the notched area permits a corresponding engaging protrusion of the selected one of the doors to be disengaged from the latching ring, thereby permitting the selected one of the doors to be opened and the medication to be removed therefrom. The communication between the medication dose request device and the drug pump, and between the dispensing device and the drug pump, can be selected from a group consisting of wired communications and wireless communications.

In another embodiment, a medication dispenser comprises a drug pump having a control module. A medication dose request device can be in communication with the drug pump. A dispensing device, for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, can be in communication with the drug pump. The dispensing device can be driven by command from the control module to dispense individual doses of the substantially solid medication outwardly from the dispensing device for delivery to a patient when the patient requests delivery of a dose of medication, by requesting what otherwise would be deemed a bolus of a fluid medication, through the control module.

In another embodiment, a method of dispensing medication to a patient comprises providing a medication dispenser to a patient, the medication dispenser comprising (i) a drug pump including a control module, (ii) a medication dose request device in communication with the drug pump, and (iii) a dispensing device for dispensing substantially solid medication in response to activation of the medication dose request device, in communication with the drug pump. A dispense command can be entered in the control module. The dispensing device, in response to the command, can be driven to dispense a dose of the substantially solid medication outwardly from the dispensing device to the patient.

In another embodiment, a medication dispensing system can include a drug pump having a control module. The control module can be capable of being selectively mounted to a plurality of removable cassettes. An actuator can be comprised within each of the cassettes. Medication can be contained within each of the cassettes, the medication for each of the cassettes being selected as one from a group consisting of fluid material, semi-solid material, and solid material, wherein the actuator can be driven by command from the control module to deliver the medication to a patient from one of the cassettes that could be at that time mounted to the control module.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> is a block diagram of a medication dispenser.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref> is a front perspective illustration of one embodiment of a medication dispenser.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2A</figref> is a back perspective illustration of the embodiment of the medication dispenser shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> is a perspective illustration of a component of the medication dispenser shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2 and 2A</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref> is a side view of the component shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref> is an exploded view of certain elements of the component shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 3 and 3A</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> is an illustration of medication packages shown in the medication dispenser of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2-3A</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> is a front perspective illustration of another embodiment of a component for a medication dispenser.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> is a front perspective illustration of another embodiment of a component for a medication dispenser.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> is a front perspective illustration of another embodiment of a component for a medication dispenser.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As illustrated generally in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, an embodiment of a medication dispenser <b>10</b> comprises a drug pump <b>100</b> including a control module <b>102</b>. A medication dose request device <b>115</b> is in communication with drug pump <b>100</b>. A dispensing device <b>150</b> for dispensing substantially solid medication M (such as, e.g., the aforementioned pills, tablets, capsules containing liquid, granular materials, and powdered materials) is in communication with drug pump <b>100</b>, and dispenses medication M in response to activation of medication dose request device <b>115</b> as will be described.

Drug pump <b>100</b> can be any suitable PCA pump such as, for example and as aforementioned, an ambulatory pump, a peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, a gravity-feed pump, an elastomeric pump, or a multichannel pump. Medication dose request device <b>115</b> can be provided by any suitable means, such as, for example, by way of a remote dose cord device as known in the art or even a voice-activated or speech recognition device.

Regardless of a particular embodiment, it is to be appreciated and understood that reference is herein made to a “drug pump” and a “control module” separately, to facilitate understanding of medication dispensers as disclosed or otherwise contemplated herein generally. Thus, a control module can be software within a drug pump; and a drug pump and a control module can be combined physically in one device or be separate components. For example, a drug pump such as a syringe pump is typically embodied in a single physical device containing both (i) a syringe driver mechanism (including associated electronics, software, and hardware) and (ii) software and other associated electronics and hardware (e.g., an electronic memory drug library, executable software programs, and a user interface to run the syringe driver) acting as a control module.

Another embodiment of a medication dispenser includes an ambulatory drug pump comprising a control module which is selectively mounted on a removable cassette. The cassette includes an actuator that is driven by command from the control module to advance individual packages of medication outwardly from the cassette for delivery to a patient. Examples of known ambulatory pumps are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,935,099, 6,241,704, 6,475,180, 7,347,836, and 7,654,976, each titled “Drug Pump Systems and Methods.” As used throughout this disclosure, the term “ambulatory” is intended to pertain to, usually, a relatively mobile human user. Typically, an ambulatory drug pump comprises a control module with an interconnectable, removable cassette. The cassette can be linked to a remote fluid reservoir or an enclosed fluid reservoir disposed within the cassette. The control module can include a pump mechanism for pumping fluid from the fluid reservoir to a patient. The control module can also include a control system having a pump application program for providing a desired particular therapy to a patient such as, e.g., antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, pain control therapy, and nutritional therapy. The control module can also include means for providing and enabling patient-specific settings which are accessible by the pump application program to deliver the particular fluidic therapy to the patient. The control system can include a display and a keyboard. A communication port can be provided in the control module to transfer information to and from the control system.

With particular reference now to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2 and 2A</figref>, an example of a medication dispenser <b>20</b> includes an ambulatory PCA drug pump <b>200</b> having a control module <b>202</b> which is selectively mounted on a removable cassette <b>250</b> (depicted in cut-away fashion to show some internal components as described below). A latch <b>222</b> on control module <b>202</b> is rotatably operable to secure cassette <b>250</b> to module <b>202</b>. A lock <b>224</b> is operable to prevent latch <b>222</b> from being unsecured, such as by an unauthorized person. Control module <b>202</b> includes a keyboard <b>204</b> with a plurality of keys <b>205</b> for user inputs to module <b>202</b>. Control module <b>202</b> further includes a display <b>206</b>, such as a graphical user interface, for displaying information concerning operation of module <b>202</b>, and thus pump <b>200</b>—and, in general, dispenser <b>20</b>. A communication port <b>214</b> allows for electronic communication between pump <b>200</b> and an external device located either locally or remotely relative to pump <b>200</b>. An external power supply port <b>216</b> allows for connection of an external power supply to operate pump <b>200</b> if use of an onboard battery (in battery compartment <b>208</b>, accessible via battery door access knob <b>210</b>) is not desired. A remote dosing command port <b>218</b> allows for operation of pump <b>200</b> (such as by means of, e.g., medication dose request device <b>115</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>) in a manner consistent with PCA as will be described.

As aforementioned, medication dispenser <b>20</b> includes removable cassette <b>250</b>. Cassette <b>250</b>, in turn, includes a housing <b>252</b> containing an actuator <b>254</b>. Actuator <b>254</b>, as will be described, is driven by command from control module <b>202</b> to advance individual medication dose packages <b>256</b>, containing medication M, outwardly from cassette <b>250</b> for delivery to a patient.

As illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 3 and 3A</figref>, cassette <b>250</b> includes a chassis plate <b>260</b> with a plurality of extending hooks <b>262</b>, and a loop <b>264</b>, which together permit releasable mounting as aforementioned to control module <b>202</b>. Hooks <b>262</b> are designed to engage a suspended pin assembly (not illustrated) on a mating bottom surface of control module <b>202</b>; and loop <b>264</b> is designed to be engaged by latch <b>222</b> to thereby removably mount control module <b>202</b> on chassis plate <b>260</b> of cassette <b>250</b>. In an operative, latched state—with chassis plate <b>260</b> of cassette <b>250</b> connected to module <b>202</b>—latch <b>222</b> securely engages loop <b>264</b> on chassis plate <b>260</b> of cassette <b>250</b>. In an unlatched state, such as when removing or replacing cassette <b>250</b> of dispenser <b>20</b>, cassette <b>250</b> can be pivoted away from control module <b>202</b> about an axis defined by hooks <b>262</b> on chassis plate <b>260</b> and the suspended pin assembly on the mating bottom surface of control module <b>202</b>.

With continued reference to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 3 and 3A</figref>, and also <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref> in an exploded view, actuator <b>254</b> within cassette <b>250</b> includes sequentially-spaced pegs <b>255</b> which rotatably engage sequentially-spaced apertures <b>258</b> in a lengthwise margin along medication dose packages <b>256</b>. Actuator <b>254</b> also includes a toothed sprocket <b>253</b> and a coiled spring member <b>257</b>. A trigger member <b>270</b> is also provided in cassette <b>250</b> to cooperatively engage with, sequentially, the teeth of sprocket <b>253</b> in a pawl-ratchet type movement. In operation of dispenser <b>20</b>, as will be further described, medication dose packages <b>256</b> can be advanced outwardly from cassette <b>250</b> by pegs <b>255</b> operating in sequential engagement with apertures <b>258</b>, via rotation of actuator <b>254</b>, upon command from control module <b>202</b>. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3</figref> depicts individual medication dose packages <b>256</b> with the aforementioned apertures <b>258</b>, for delivery of individual doses of medication M. In such an embodiment, the individual doses of medication M are contained within individual packages <b>256</b> which are in turn connected in an overall “tear-strip” of a suitable packaging material.

As known to those of skill in the art, an ambulatory PCA pump typically operates in so-called peristaltic fashion wherein its pump mechanism essentially squeezes and releases fluid tubing to achieve pumping of fluid from the cassette reservoir to the patient. Such actions typically employ, e.g., cam/follower, finger type, and roller type components that move in cooperation with, e.g., valves, expulsers, or other similar components in the pump. Thus, in operation of medication dispenser <b>20</b>, a patient can, for example, request delivery of pain medication by requesting what otherwise could be deemed a bolus of a fluid medication through control module <b>202</b>. In this regard, and as aforementioned with additional reference back to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>, such a request can be delivered by the patient through medication dose request device <b>115</b> that can in turn be, e.g., the aforementioned remote dose cord device or voice-activated or speech recognition device (not illustrated). In one embodiment, medication dose request device <b>115</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> can be in wired communication with control module <b>202</b> by way of, for example, connection to remote dosing command port <b>218</b> as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2</figref>. Alternatively, although not illustrated, such communication between the medication dose request device and the control module can be provided by a suitable wireless or “Wi-Fi” connection.

When the patient's bolus request is received by module <b>202</b>, the command that would otherwise deliver, e.g., intravenous medication to the patient within an allowable time interval would instead cause actuator <b>254</b> to move so that one package <b>256</b> of medication M is dispensed from cassette <b>250</b> to the patient accordingly. In particular, and with specific reference to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2, 3A, and 3B</figref>, an expulser (not illustrated) on the mating bottom surface of control module <b>202</b> would press downwardly against protrusion <b>271</b> of trigger member <b>270</b>. In response to this force, trigger member <b>270</b> would rotate about its transverse axis (designated at point A in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref>) thereby causing protrusions <b>272</b> to sequentially engage corresponding teeth of sprocket <b>253</b> in a pawl-ratchet type movement that is further facilitated by spring <b>257</b> in actuator <b>254</b>. In this example, to fully advance one medication dose package <b>256</b> out from cassette <b>250</b>, the PCA bolus command would cause the expulser on module <b>202</b> to alternatively press and release protrusion <b>271</b> a specified number of times. Thus, with each such motive engagement of protrusions <b>272</b> with the teeth of sprocket <b>253</b>, pegs <b>255</b> of actuator <b>254</b> would sequentially engage apertures <b>258</b> of packages <b>256</b> and thereby dispense one package of medication M to the patient. With regard to the example of the “tear strip” of packages <b>256</b> illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, with three apertures <b>258</b> per package, it will be appreciated that about four such “press-and-release” cycles of protrusion <b>271</b> on trigger <b>270</b> would be required to fully advance one package out from cassette <b>250</b>.

Another embodiment of a removable cassette that can be utilized in a medication dispenser is illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>. Therein, cassette <b>550</b> includes a housing <b>552</b> containing an actuator <b>554</b>. Actuator <b>554</b>, as will be described, is driven by command from a control module (such as module <b>202</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2 and 2A</figref>) to which cassette <b>550</b> is connected, to advance an allowed dose of medication M outwardly from cassette <b>550</b> for delivery to a patient. Actuator <b>554</b> within cassette <b>550</b> includes radially segmented compartments <b>580</b> for containing selected doses of medication M. In operation of the medication dispenser, medication M can be advanced outwardly from cassette <b>550</b> by way of rotation of actuator <b>554</b>, upon command from control module <b>202</b>. In one embodiment, control module <b>202</b> can command and cause actuator <b>554</b> to rotationally move to a degree corresponding to that which would be required to advance an individual compartment <b>580</b> into alignment with a discharge chute <b>582</b> in cassette <b>550</b>, thereby dispensing a prescribed dose of medication M that had been contained within that particular compartment <b>580</b>. Although not illustrated, it is to be understood that components similar to those shown by example in, e.g., <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref>, can be utilized to provide the commanded rotational movement of actuator <b>554</b>. Thus, for example, and although not illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref>, actuator <b>554</b> can include a toothed sprocket, a coiled spring member, and a trigger member, similar to those components shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref> with actuator <b>254</b>.

Another embodiment of a removable cassette that can be utilized in a medication dispenser is illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref>. Therein, cassette <b>650</b> includes a housing <b>652</b> containing an actuator <b>654</b> (which is only partially visible in the drawing). Actuator <b>654</b> within cassette <b>650</b> includes radially segmented compartments <b>680</b> for containing selected doses of medication M. Housing <b>652</b> also includes a single door <b>684</b>. Actuator <b>654</b> is driven by command from a control module (such as module <b>202</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2 and 2A</figref>) to which cassette <b>650</b> is connected, to permit an allowed dose of medication M to become accessible from cassette <b>650</b> for delivery to a patient. In operation of the medication dispenser, medication M can be accessible from cassette <b>650</b> by way of rotation of actuator <b>654</b>, upon command from control module <b>202</b>. In one embodiment, control module <b>202</b> can command and cause actuator <b>654</b> to rotationally move to a degree corresponding to that which would be required to advance an individual compartment <b>680</b> into adjacent alignment with door <b>684</b> in housing <b>652</b> of cassette <b>650</b>, thereby making a prescribed dose of medication M that had been contained within that particular compartment <b>680</b> accessible to the patient through door <b>684</b> (depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> in an open condition). Although not illustrated, it is to be understood that examples of components similar to those shown in, e.g., <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref>, can be utilized to provide the commanded rotational movement of actuator <b>654</b>. Thus, for example, and although not illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref>, actuator <b>654</b> can include a toothed sprocket, a coiled spring member, and a trigger member, similar to those components shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref> with actuator <b>254</b>. Also, and although not illustrated, it is to be understood that door <b>684</b> can be commanded to open and close by means of a suitable opening and closing mechanism that can be, for example, electro-mechanically or otherwise driven; or alternatively, door <b>684</b> could simply be a flip-top type of hinged cover that would be manually lifted open and then pushed closed by the patient after removing the prescribed dose of medication from cassette <b>650</b>.

Another embodiment of a removable cassette that could be utilized in a medication dispenser is illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>. Therein, cassette <b>750</b> includes a housing <b>752</b> containing an actuator <b>754</b> (which is only partially visible in the drawing). Actuator <b>754</b> within cassette <b>750</b> includes radially segmented compartments <b>780</b> for containing selected doses of medication (not illustrated). Housing <b>752</b> also includes doors <b>784</b> arranged radially around actuator <b>754</b>, with each door <b>784</b> corresponding to each compartment <b>780</b>. Actuator <b>754</b> is driven by command from a control module (such as module <b>202</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2 and 2A</figref>) to which cassette <b>750</b> is connected, to permit an allowed dose of medication to become accessible from cassette <b>750</b> for delivery to a patient. In operation of the medication dispenser, medication can be accessible from cassette <b>750</b> by way of rotation of actuator <b>754</b>, upon command from control module <b>202</b>. In one embodiment, control module <b>202</b> can command and cause actuator <b>754</b> to rotationally move to a degree corresponding to that which would be required to open a door <b>784</b> over an individual, corresponding compartment <b>780</b>, thereby making a prescribed dose of medication that had been contained within that particular compartment <b>780</b> accessible to the patient through that door <b>784</b> (one of which being depicted, in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>, in an open condition). Although not illustrated, it is to be understood that examples of components similar to those shown in, e.g., <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref>, can be utilized to provide the commanded rotational movement of actuator <b>754</b>. Thus, for example, and although not illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>, actuator <b>754</b> can include a toothed sprocket, a coiled spring member, and a trigger member, similar to those components shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref> with actuator <b>254</b>. Referring again to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>, each door <b>784</b> can be a flip-top type of hinged cover that would be, for example, permitted by actuator <b>754</b> to be manually lifted open and then pushed closed by the patient after removing the prescribed dose of medication from cassette <b>750</b>. In such an embodiment, actuator <b>754</b> can include a unitary latching ring <b>759</b> that slidably and securely engages a protrusion or lip <b>786</b> on each door <b>784</b> to prevent each door from opening unintentionally. Latching ring <b>759</b> can, in turn, include a single cut-out or notched area (designated at “N” in the drawing) that would permit a single door <b>784</b> to be opened. Specifically, in use actuator <b>754</b> would rotate to open a door <b>784</b> upon receiving a command to do so from, e.g., control module <b>202</b>. Actuator <b>754</b> and its latching ring <b>759</b> would then rotate to a degree corresponding to one of a number of doors <b>784</b> present in a particular cassette <b>750</b>. When such rotation of actuator <b>754</b> and ring <b>759</b> has stopped, the cut-out or notched area N in ring <b>759</b> would permit a corresponding lip <b>786</b> of a door <b>784</b> to be disengaged from ring <b>759</b> and thus permit the door to be opened by a patient to access the medication prescribed by the control module <b>202</b>. Although not illustrated, it is to be understood that, alternatively, a particular door <b>784</b> could be commanded to open and close by means of a suitable opening and closing mechanism that could be, for example, electro-mechanically or otherwise driven.

Regardless of a particular actuator or mode of action, it is to be appreciated and understood that a medication dispenser such as has been described by example or otherwise contemplated herein could safely and accurately deliver a prescribed dose of substantially solid medication to a patient.

It is also to be appreciated and understood that any embodiment of a medication dispenser that has been described by example or is otherwise contemplated herein could advantageously provide a relatively low-cost means of dispensing substantially solid medication through a PCA pump platform as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>. Furthermore, in the example of a PCA pump platform as an ambulatory pump shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2-2A</figref> and described herein, the medication container or dispensing device is separate from the relatively more expensive and indisposable drug pump and control module. Furthermore, advantageously, controlled delivery of either a substantially solid medication such as a pill, or a liquid medication such as an IV fluid, can be provided depending on provision and use of a particular dispensing device <b>150</b> referred to in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref> such as, e.g., cassette <b>250</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2-3B</figref> or cassettes <b>550</b>-<b>750</b> of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 5-7</figref>, respectively, for a substantially solid medication; or a conventional PCA reservoir cassette (not illustrated) for a fluid medication. Thus, health care providers and patients could achieve relatively “universal” PCA functionality through use of one reusable control module; and utilization of the same control module for delivery of both substantially solid and fluid medications could advantageously necessitate only one training regimen for both types of medication delivery.

Generally, also, it is to be further appreciated that since the control modules can be relatively simple and user-friendly (by way of, e.g., a simple “bolus” program and command function as aforementioned) the medication dispensers contemplated herein may be particularly beneficial for use in home health care settings and by patients having memory problems, dementia, or other mental impairment.

It is additionally to be appreciated and understood that medication dispensers described by example or otherwise contemplated herein could easily and efficiently comprise an overall medication dispensing system, in which an existing pump unit for fluids could be used for administering fluid, semi-solid, and solid medication at different stages of a patient's treatment. Such a system can comprise a drug pump having a control module that is in communication with a medication dose request device and a dispensing device as aforedescribed. In the examples of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2-7</figref>, a control module can be capable of being selectively mounted to a plurality of removable cassettes. Each of the cassettes can contain a suitable actuator as aforedescribed and can also contain medication selected from a group consisting of fluid material, semi-solid material, and solid material. The actuator in one of the cassettes that is, at that time, mounted to the control module can be driven by command from the control module to deliver the medication to a patient as aforedescribed. Thus, significant versatility, efficiency, and cost savings may be realized in medication delivery hardware for patient treatment.

While medication dispensers have been particularly shown and described with reference to the accompanying figures and specification, it should be understood however that other modifications thereto are of course possible; and all of them are intended to be within the true spirit and scope of novel and inventive medication dispensers described herein.

It should also be appreciated that types, components, dimensions, fabrication processes, and other particulars and parameters of aforedescribed example embodiments can be substituted for others as desired, or that accessories can be added thereto. Thus, for example, in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref>, one or more packages <b>256</b> can alternatively comprise packaged liquid or gel-type medication to be administered by tearing open a dispensed package and squeezing or otherwise urging out such “flowable” medication therefrom (analogously to energy gel packs for athletes). Also, for example in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 5, 6, and 7</figref>, rather than being unpackaged or loosely residing in segmented compartments, medication M can instead be packaged as illustrated by packages <b>256</b> in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4</figref> and separated and placed as individual dose packages in each segmented compartment.

Further, medication dispensers described by example or otherwise contemplated herein might be capable of including any of the following features or functions, separately or in various combinations, such as for example: (i) providing a means for detecting when a particular cassette is configured for substantially solid medication and automatically switching operating parameters accordingly; (ii) providing an electronically stored drug library in the control module for both intravenous and substantially solid medications, for enforcing “hard” and “soft” drug administration limits; (iii) providing a means for dispensing multiple doses of medication in response to a single dispensing command, when so prescribed; (iv) adapting the cassette to (a) use “off-the-shelf” pharmacy unit dose packaging equipment, (b) be for a single use and disposable, or for multiple uses and refillable, and (c) be locked shut when it is latched or otherwise locked onto the pump; and (v) providing a means—whether electronically, visually, or both—for determining or logging how much medication is in a cassette and when the medication is approaching empty.

It is also to be understood in general that any suitable alternatives can be employed to provide novel and inventive medication dispensers described herein.

Lastly, compositions, sizes, and strengths of various aforementioned components of novel and inventive medication dispensers described herein are all a matter of design choice depending upon intended uses thereof.

Accordingly, these and other various changes or modifications in form and detail may also be made, without departing from the true spirit and scope of novel and inventive medication dispensers defined by the appended claims.