Locking electrical receptacle

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/324,557, filed Apr. 15, 2010, entitled “LOCKING ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE SECURE LOCKING MECHANISM;” U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/346,316, filed May 19, 2010, entitled “LOCKING ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE ALTERNATE OPERATING MECHANISMS;” U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/353,496, filed Jun. 10, 2010, entitled “LOCKING ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE PROGRAMMABLE RELEASE TENSION MECHANISMS.” The entirety of each of the foregoing applications is hereby incorporated by reference. This application claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/568,444, filed Sep. 28, 2009, entitled “LOCKING ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE,” which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/531,235, filed Sep. 14, 2009, entitled “LOCKING ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE,” which is the U.S. National Stage of PCT Application US2008/57149, filed Mar. 14, 2008, entitled “LOCKING ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE,” the entirety of each of the foregoing applications is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

A wide variety of electrical connectors are known to provide electrical contact between power supplies and electrical devices. Connectors typically include prong type terminals (generally referred to as plugs) and female connectors designed for receiving the prong type terminals (generally referred to as receptacles and often described as electrical outlets, or simply outlets). The most common types of outlets include a pair of terminal contacts that receive the prongs of a plug that are coupled to “hot” and “neutral” conductors. Further, outlets may include a terminal contact that receives a ground prong of a plug. A variety of standards have been developed for outlets in various regions of the world.

Regardless of the standard at issue, the design of the aforementioned most common plug and receptacle system generally incorporates a friction only means of securing the two in the mated position. The frictional coefficient varies depending on a variety of conditions, including, but not limited to, manufacturing processes, foreign materials acting as lubricants, and wear and distortion of the assemblies. This characteristic results in a non-secure means of interconnecting AC or DC power between two devices. It is arguably the weakest link in the power delivery system to electrical or electronic devices utilizing the system. However, it has been adopted worldwide as a standard, and is used primarily due to low cost of manufacture, ease of quality control during manufacture, and efficient use of space for the power delivery it is intended to perform.

The primary limitation of this connection technique is simply the friction fit component. In applications where the continuity of power may be critical, such as data or medical applications, a technique to secure the mated connection may be desirable to improve the reliability. This may especially be true in mechanically active locations, such as where vibration is present, or where external activity may cause the cords attached to the plugs and receptacles to be mechanically deflected or strained in any manner.

It is against this background that the locking electrical receptacle of the present invention has been developed.

SUMMARY

The present invention is directed to securing an electrical connection. In some cases, a plug and socket electrical connection may be the least secure link in the power delivery system. Conventionally, these connections are secured only by means of a friction fit. A number of factors may affect the security of this connection. The present invention provides a variety of locking mechanisms whereby the withdrawal forces that would otherwise tend to pull a connection apart served to actuate a clamping mechanism thereby securing the mated pair. Furthermore, a release mechanism for each locking mechanism may be provided that serves to dispose the clamping mechanism in a release position so as to selectively release the plug and socket electrical connection. Furthermore, a release mechanism may be provided such that a predetermined force acting on the receptacle releases the clamping mechanism without any user actuation being required. Moreover, the invention is a simple construction and highly reliable in operation.

A first aspect of the present invention includes an apparatus for use in securing an electrical connection. The electrical connection is formed by a mating structure including prongs of a male assembly and receptacles of a female assembly, and the electrical connection is broken by withdrawal of the prongs from the receptacles. The apparatus includes a housing, the housing having a front surface defining an interface area between the male assembly and female assembly. The apparatus also includes a clamping element disposed within the housing and moveable between a clamping configuration and a release configuration. The clamping element engages at least one of the prongs to hold the mating structure in a connected state in the clamping configuration. The apparatus also includes a release mechanism in operative communication with the clamping element to dispose the clamping element at least from the clamping configuration to the release configuration. The release mechanism may also include a user actuation element. At least a portion of the release mechanism extends from the clamping element in a direction corresponding to the insertion of the prongs into the receptacles.

A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the first aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature or combination of features of the first aspect.

In one embodiment, a first end of the release mechanism may be operatively engaged (e.g., in contact with) with the clamping mechanism and a second end of the release mechanism extends away from the interface area. The user actuation element of the apparatus may be used to engage the release mechanism with the clamping mechanism. For example, the user actuation element may be retracted away from the interface area to move the clamping element from the clamping configuration to the release configuration. Alternatively, the user actuation element may be advanced toward the interface area to move the clamping element from the clamping configuration to the release configuration. For instance, the user actuation element may engage a first end portion of a crank disposed opposite of a second end portion such that the first end portion and the second end portion of the crank are separated by a pivot. Accordingly, advancement of the user actuation element results in retraction of the second end portion relative to the interface area. The second end may be in operative engagement with a shuttle in contact with the clamping element to dispose the clamping element in the release configuration.

In another embodiment, the user actuation element may be accessible from an exterior of the housing when the prongs are inserted into the receptacles. The user actuation element may comprise at least one of a pull knob, a pull collar, pull tab or a swash plate. For instance, the swash plate may engage the second end to advance the user actuation element toward the interface and/or retract the user actuation element away from the interface. The release mechanism may comprise a rod extending through at least a portion of the housing. As such, a threaded portion of the rod may be advanceable and/or retractable with respect to the interface area upon rotation of the threaded portion of the rod with respect to a corresponding threaded portion of the housing. Additionally, the threaded portion of the rod and the threaded portion of the housing may be operative to maintain the clamping element in the clamping configuration and/or the release configuration. The rod may comprise a tooled interface and/or a knurled knob adapted to impart the rotation of the threaded portion. Further still, the user actuation element may comprise a lever actuator acting on the release mechanism.

A second aspect includes an apparatus for use in securing an electrical connection. The electrical connection is formed by a mating surface including prongs of a male assembly and receptacles of a female assembly, and the electrical connection is broken by withdrawal of the prongs from the receptacles. The apparatus comprises a housing having a front surface defining an interface area between the male assembly and female assembly. Additionally, the housing includes a clamping element disposed within the housing that is moveable between a clamping configuration and a release configuration. The clamping element holds the mating structure in a connected state in the clamping configuration. The apparatus further includes a release mechanism operatively engaged with the clamping element that is responsive to a force acting to withdrawal the prong from the receptacle exceeding a predetermined value to dispose the clamping element to the release configuration.

A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the second aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature or combination of features of the second aspect.

In one embodiment, the release mechanism may comprise a first portion engaged with the clamping element and a second portion disposed for relative movement with respect to the first portion when the clamping element is disposed in the clamping configuration. An elastic member may be disposed between the first and second portions. The elastic member may exhibit an effective spring rate value. The effective spring rate value may at least partially determine the predetermined value of the force. The first portion may be fixed to the prong by way of the clamping element when the clamping element is in the clamping configuration when the force is less than the predetermined value. The second portion may operatively engage (e.g., via a telescopic outer grip, pull rod, pull arm, or the like) the clamping element to dispose the clamping element in the release configuration when the force is greater than the predetermined value. The relative movement may comprise axial movement.

In one embodiment, the second portion operatively engages the clamping element by way of a pull rod disposed between the second portion and the clamping element. The pull rod may extend away from the interface beyond the housing and is accessible by a user to dispose the clamping element in the release configuration absent the application of a force acting to withdrawal the prong from the receptacle.

A third aspect of the present invention includes an apparatus for use in securing an electrical connection. The electrical connection is formed by a mating surface including prongs of a male assembly and receptacles of a female assembly, and the electrical connection is broken by withdrawal of the prongs from the receptacles. The apparatus includes a housing having a front surface defining an interface area between the male assembly and female assembly. The apparatus also includes a clamping element disposed within the housing and moveable between a clamping configuration and a release configuration. The clamping element holds the mating structure in a connected state in the clamping configuration. The clamping element includes a first portion and a second portion.

At least a portion of the first portion and the second portion of the clamping element are disposed for relative movement upon deflection of the clamping element into the release configuration. The relative movement between the first portion and the second portion imparts a sheer force between the first portion and the second portion such that the sheer force acts in a direction transverse to the force tending to withdraw the prongs.

A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the third aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature or combination of features of the third aspect.

In one embodiment, the clamping element may be operative to exert a clamping force on at least one of the prongs. The clamping element may be operative to exert a clamping force on a ground prong maintained at ground potential. The clamping element may be urged into the clamping configuration responsive to withdrawing movement of the prongs such that the withdrawing movement is smaller than required to break the connection. The clamping element may include a contact surface for contacting one of the prongs in the clamping configuration. The withdrawing movement of the prongs may result in movement of the contact surface. Additionally, the clamping element may comprise at least four contact surfaces for contacting one of the prongs in the clamping configuration. The withdrawing movement of the prong may result in movement of the contact surface having a component transverse to the movement of the prong.

In another embodiment, the apparatus may also include a release element for moving the clamping element into the release configuration. The release element may be adapted for operation by a user so as to break the connection when desired.

The apparatus may be integrated into a standard receptacle. Furthermore, the apparatus may be integrated into a standard cord cap receptacle.

A fourth aspect of the present invention includes a method of use of a locking electrical receptacle. The method includes inserting a prong into the locking electrical receptacle. The prong is retained in an inserted position by a clamping element that is responsive to withdrawal of the prong to clampingly engage the prong. The method further involves moving a release mechanism to displace the clamping element from the clamping configuration to a release configuration. At least a portion of the release mechanism extends in a direction corresponding to the insertion of the prong. The method further comprises withdrawing the prong from the locking electrical receptacle when the clamping element is in the release position.

A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the fourth embodiment. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature or combination of features of the fourth aspect.

In one embodiment, the inserting may include establishing electrical contact between the prong and the locking electrical receptacle. The clamping element may be urged into a clamping configuration by the withdrawal of the prong. The release mechanism may also comprise a user actuation element that is accessible from an exterior of a housing of the locking electrical receptacle when the prong is inserted into the receptacle. In another embodiment, the moving may comprise advancing at least a portion of the release mechanism relative to an interface between the prong and the locking electrical receptacle and/or retracting at least a portion of the release mechanism from the interface.

In another embodiment, the moving may comprise rotating the release mechanism comprising a threaded portion to advance and/or retract the release mechanism.

A fifth aspect of the present invention includes a method of use of a locking electrical receptacle. The method includes first applying a withdrawal force to at least one of the locking electrical receptacle or a prong inserted in mating engagement with the locking electrical receptacle that is less than a predetermined force value. The method further includes retaining the prong in mating engagement. The retaining includes disposing a clamping element in a clamping configuration with respect to the prong. The method further includes second applying a withdrawal force to at least one of the locking electrical receptacle or a prong inserted into the locking electrical receptacle that is greater than a predetermined force value. The method further includes releasing, in response to the second applying, the prong from mating engagement. The releasing includes disposing the clamping element in a release configuration with respect to the prong.

A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the third aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any feature or combination of features of the fifth embodiment.

In one embodiment, the releasing may further comprise overcoming a force applied to a first portion and a second portion of the locking electrical receptacle by an elastic member. Additionally, the method may include displacing a first portion of the locking electrical receptacle with respect to a second portion of the locking electrical receptacle. The first portion may be clampingly engaged with the prong. Furthermore, the method may include engaging the clamping element in response to the displacing to dispose the clamping element in the release configuration.

In another embodiment, the second portion may comprise a rigid member extending from the second portion to the clamping member. The rigid member may be displaceable along with the displacement of the second portion relative to the first portion.

A sixth aspect of the present invention includes a method of use of a locking electrical receptacle. The method involves applying a withdrawal force to the locking electrical receptacle and/or a prong inserted into the locking electrical receptacle and deflecting a spring prong retainer into a clamping configuration. The spring prong retainer has at least a first portion and a second portion, and the first portion and the second portion undergo relative movement. The method further includes clamping the prong with the spring prong retainer in response to the deflecting. The relative movement between the first portion and the second portion impart a clamping force to the prong.

A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the sixth aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used alone or in any combination. As such, each of the features discussed below may be, but are not required to be, used with any feature or combination of features of the sixth aspect.

In one embodiment, the first portion may comprise a first aperture and the second portion may comprise a second aperture. When in a release configuration, the first aperture may be aligned with the second aperture to allow the prong to pass through the first and second aperture. The deflection operation may result in the first aperture becoming at least partially offset with respect to the second aperture. The first portion may deflect about a first pivot and the second portion may deflect about a second pivot. The first pivot and the second pivot may be spaced apart.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1A-1C</figref> illustrate the operation of an embodiment of a clamping mechanism.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-2B</figref> illustrate an embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 3A-3B</figref> illustrate an application for the locking electrical receptacle shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-2B</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 4A-4C</figref> illustrate an embodiment of spring prong retainer for use with a locking electrical receptacle.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> illustrates another embodiment of a locking spring prong retainer in a release configuration.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 6</figref> illustrates the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5</figref> in a clamping configuration.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> illustrates another embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle including an embodiment of a strain relief mechanism.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 8A-8D</figref> illustrate a progression of operation of the embodiment shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 9A-9C</figref> illustrate various embodiments of locking electrical receptacles including various different embodiments of strain relief mechanisms.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 10A-10C</figref> illustrate additional various embodiments of locking electrical receptacles including additional embodiments of a strain relief mechanisms.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 11A-12D</figref> illustrate cross sectional views of a locking electrical receptacle comprising various embodiments of elastic members for use in a strain relief mechanism.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> illustrates a perspective view another embodiment of a spring prong retainer for use with a locking electrical receptacle.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> illustrates an embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle including an embodiment of a release mechanism.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15A-15B</figref> illustrate a cross sectional view of the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 16A-16B</figref> illustrate another embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle including embodiments of release mechanisms.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 17A-17B</figref> illustrate cross sectional views of another embodiment of a release mechanism employing a threaded release mechanism.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 18</figref> illustrates another embodiment of a release mechanism.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 19A-19B</figref> illustrate cross sectional views of embodiments of locking electrical receptacles employing the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 19</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 20</figref> illustrates another embodiment of locking electrical receptacle including another embodiment of a release mechanism.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 21</figref> is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 20</figref>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref> illustrates an embodiment of a swash plate used in an embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 23</figref> illustrates a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle with a release mechanism including an actuation lever.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but rather, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the claims.

The following description is generally directed to locking electrical receptacles that facilitate locking retention of an electrical plug in a receptacle. Furthermore, a number of embodiments of release mechanisms are also described herein for selectively releasing a plug from a receptacle. Various embodiments of release mechanisms are described that may be included in a locking electrical receptacle to selectively release a plug from the receptacle. For instance, a strain relief mechanism may be provided such that force applied to a connected and locked electrical receptacle above a given threshold causes the electrical receptacle to release a plug to which it is connected. Accordingly, damage to the plug, cord, and/or receptacle resulting from high strains applied to a connected plug and receptacle may be avoided. Additionally, a number of embodiments are disclosed herein in which a release mechanism is provided such that a user can selectively release the plug from the receptacle. Such release mechanisms may be accessible to the user when the electrical connection is in a connected state. Furthermore, these release mechanisms may be used in conjunction with or separate from the strain release mechanisms as will be described herein.

Turning to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1A-1C</figref>, the operation of an embodiment of a clamping mechanism <b>12</b> for securing a mated electrical connection that may be included in a locking receptacle <b>10</b> is illustrated. In each of the <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1A-1C</figref>, the bottom portion of the figures represents a side view of a prong <b>16</b> and a clamping mechanism <b>12</b>, while the top portion represents a perspective view of the prong <b>16</b> and clamping mechanism <b>12</b>. Referring first to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1A</figref>, the prong <b>16</b> of a plug is shown prior to insertion into a receptacle <b>10</b>. The prong <b>16</b> may be a ground prong of a standard plug (e.g., an IEC 320 plug, a NEMA 5-15 plug, or the like) or may be various other sizes and/or shapes or other prongs. Further, the receptacle <b>10</b> may be the ground receptacle or other receptacle(s), of a standard outlet (e.g., a NEMA standard cord cap, an IEC 320 cord cap, or the like) that is operative to receive a standard plug. The receptacle <b>10</b> also includes that clamping mechanism <b>12</b> is coupled to a pivot <b>14</b>. The clamping mechanism <b>12</b> includes an aperture that is sized to be slightly larger than the prong <b>16</b>, such that the prong <b>16</b> may only pass through the aperture when the length of the clamping mechanism is substantially perpendicular to the length of the prong <b>16</b>. That is, the design of the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> is such that a simple slide on and capture technique is utilized.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1B</figref> illustrates the prong <b>16</b> when inserted into the receptacle <b>10</b>. As shown, the prong <b>16</b> passes through the aperture in the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> and into the receptacle <b>10</b>, such that the corresponding plug and outlet are in a mated position. As such, electrical communication is established between the prong <b>16</b> and the receptacle <b>10</b>. The clamping mechanism <b>12</b> may further include a stop (not shown) to prevent the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> from pivoting during the insertion of the prong <b>16</b> (e.g., in a counter clockwise direction as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1B</figref>). In this regard, during insertion of the prong <b>16</b>, the length of the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> will remain substantially perpendicular to the length of the prong <b>16</b>, which permits the passage of the prong through the aperture of the clamping mechanism <b>12</b>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1C</figref> illustrates the gripping function of the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> in reaction to a withdrawal force <b>18</b> on the prong <b>16</b> that tends to withdrawal the prong <b>16</b> from the receptacle <b>10</b>. In reaction to a withdrawal of the prong <b>16</b>, the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> angularly deflects (i.e., rotates) about the spring pivot <b>14</b>, causing the aperture in the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> to grip the prong <b>16</b>. Thus, the very withdrawal force <b>18</b> that tends to withdraw the prong <b>16</b> from the receptacle <b>10</b> acts to actuate the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> to engage the prong <b>16</b>, thereby preventing the withdrawal of the prong <b>16</b>, and maintaining the electrical connection of the mated assembly. The clamping mechanism <b>12</b> may be constructed of any suitable material including, for example, a high strength dielectric with an imbedded metallic gripping tooth. An all-metallic clamping mechanism may also be used (e.g., if the prong <b>16</b> is a ground prong maintained at ground potential). For other prongs, modifications may be required to obtain approval by underwriting bodies.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-2B</figref> illustrate a cross section of one embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle <b>20</b>. The receptacle <b>20</b> may be an IEC type <b>320</b> cord cap receptacle that includes a locking mechanism as will be described below. The receptacle <b>20</b> includes an inner contact carrier module <b>24</b> that houses contact sockets <b>26</b> and <b>28</b> (a third socket for the three prong receptacle <b>20</b> can not be seen in the Figures). In electrical communication with the contact sockets <b>26</b> and <b>28</b> are wires <b>36</b> and <b>38</b> that extend out of the receptacle <b>20</b> though a cord <b>34</b>. The carrier module <b>24</b> may be attached to a cord strain relief portion <b>32</b> that functions to prevent the cord <b>34</b> from separating from the carrier module <b>24</b> or otherwise resulting in damage to the assembly when a force is applied to the cord <b>34</b>. The cord strain relief portion <b>32</b> may be an over-molded polymer or the like. A spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is disposed adjacent to a surface of the contact carrier module <b>24</b>, and extends across a prong-receiving portion <b>44</b> of the receptacle <b>20</b>.

One end of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is bent around the end of the inner contact carrier module <b>24</b>, which secures it in the assembly (e.g., underneath the cord strain relief portion <b>32</b>). Alternatively, the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> may be secured to the inner contact carrier module <b>24</b> by a screw or other fastener, and/or embedded in the contact carrier module <b>24</b>. A section of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> that is embedded in the module <b>24</b> or alternatively secured in the cord strain relief portion <b>32</b> may be configured (e.g., by punching a hole in the embedded section and/or serrating the edges or otherwise shaping it) to enhance the anchoring strength in the embedded section. The other end of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> may comprise a deflectable portion <b>60</b> that may be in contact with a telescopic lock release grip <b>22</b> adjacent to the prong-receiving portion <b>44</b>. Similar to the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1A-1C</figref>, the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> includes an aperture sized to permit the passage of a prong (e.g., a ground prong maintained at ground potential) of a plug into the socket <b>26</b> when the deflectable portion <b>60</b> is substantially perpendicular with respect to a prong (not shown). The aperture in the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> may be sized to be slightly larger than the prong of a standard plug such that the aperture may function in a similar manner as the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> for the locking receptacle <b>10</b> discussed above with regard to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 1</figref>.

It can be appreciated that prongs with different cross-section shapes, for example round prongs, can use the types of retention mechanisms described herein, with a suitable modification of the aperture shape and geometry of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b>. Such modifications may be specific to the various shapes of the cross section of various prong types. Such variations will function in substantially the same manner as embodiments of the spring prong retainers described herein.

The spring prong retainer <b>40</b> may further be shaped and constructed, as will be discussed in more detail below, to inhibit contact with other prongs and provide a desired release tension. Moreover, the retainer <b>40</b> may be retained within a recessed channel formed in the module <b>24</b> to further inhibit transiting or side-to-side displacement of the retainer <b>40</b>. The operation of the clamping feature of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is discussed in detail below.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2A</figref> illustrates the locking receptacle <b>20</b> in the locked position. As shown, the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> disposed adjacent to the prong receiving portion <b>44</b> of the receptacle <b>20</b> is not in a substantially vertical position. That is, the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is disposed at an angle with respect to an end face <b>62</b> of the contact carrier module <b>24</b> and the prong receiving portion <b>44</b>. The deflectable portion <b>60</b> may be biased into the position shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2A</figref> by an internal spring force of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b>. Similar to the operation of the clamping mechanism <b>12</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 1A-1C</figref>, the aperture of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> may allow the prong of a plug to pass freely into the socket <b>26</b> when the prong is inserted as the deflectable portion <b>60</b> may deflect toward the substantially perpendicular position upon insertion of the plug therethrough. This is due to the unrestricted change of position of the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> to the substantially vertical position (shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2B</figref>) as the prong of a plug acts upon it when being advanced into a mated configuration. That is, advancement of the prong through the aperture provided on the deflectable portion <b>60</b> may result in the deflectable portion <b>60</b> deflecting into the substantially vertical position against the biasing force acting on the deflectable portion <b>60</b> to allow the prong to pass through the aperture into mating engagement with the receptacle <b>26</b>. The end face <b>62</b> of the contact carrier module <b>24</b> may limit the deflectable portion <b>60</b> to a substantially perpendicular arrangement with the prong when the prong is being inserted.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 2B</figref> illustrates the locking receptacle <b>20</b> when a force is applied to the cord <b>34</b> of the receptacle <b>20</b> in the opposite direction of the grip release handle <b>30</b>. That is, the contact carrier module <b>24</b> may be advanced with respect to the lock release grip <b>22</b> or the lock release grip <b>22</b> may be retracted with respect to the contact carrier module <b>24</b> such that the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is urged against an adjacent interior wall of the lock release grip <b>22</b> such that the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is moved to a substantially perpendicular arrangement. This is the “release position” of the receptacle <b>20</b> and is shown without the mating prongs for clarity of operation. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref> illustrates the operation of the locking electrical receptacle <b>20</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-2B</figref>. When a prong <b>54</b> of a plug <b>50</b> first enters the receptacle <b>20</b> via an aperture in the lock release grip <b>22</b>, it encounters the spring prong retainer <b>40</b>, which is not in the perpendicular orientation at that time. Upon additional insertion, the prong <b>54</b> passes through the aperture on the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> and the deflectable portion <b>60</b> is deflected into the perpendicular position against the end face <b>62</b> by the force applied to it by the prong <b>54</b> as it passes through the aperture. The prong <b>54</b> continues to pass through the aperture in the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> and into the contact socket <b>26</b>, making the electrical connection between the prong <b>54</b> and receptacle <b>26</b>. Upon release of the insertion force, and when no axial strain is applied to the mated plug <b>50</b> and receptacle <b>20</b>, the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is only partially displaced from the perpendicular orientation shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref>. It is noted that when so inserted there is little separation between the forward-most surface of the plug <b>50</b> and the end of the receptacle of receptacle <b>20</b> (i.e., the interface between the plug <b>50</b> and the receptacle <b>20</b>) adjacent the plug <b>50</b> in this connected configuration, i.e., the prong extends to substantially the conventional extent into the receptacle <b>20</b>. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref> illustrates in an exaggerated manner the condition of applying axial tension to the cord <b>34</b> of the receptacle <b>20</b>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref> illustrates the operation of the locking electrical receptacle <b>20</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-2B</figref>. When a prong <b>54</b> of a plug <b>50</b> first enters the receptacle <b>20</b> via an aperture in the lock release grip <b>22</b>, it encounters the spring prong retainer <b>40</b>, which is not in the perpendicular orientation at that time. Upon additional insertion, the prong <b>54</b> passes through the aperture on the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> and the deflectable portion <b>60</b> is deflected into the perpendicular position against the end face <b>62</b> by the force applied to it by the prong <b>54</b> as it passes through the aperture. The prong <b>54</b> continues to pass through the aperture in the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> and into the contact socket <b>26</b>, making the electrical connection between the prong <b>54</b> and receptacle <b>26</b>. Upon release of the insertion force, and when no axial strain is applied to the mated plug <b>50</b> and receptacle <b>20</b>, the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is only partially displaced from the perpendicular orientation shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref>. It is noted that when so inserted there is little separation between the forward-most surface of the plug <b>50</b> and the end of the receptacle of receptacle <b>20</b> (i.e., the interface between the plug <b>50</b> and the receptacle <b>20</b>) adjacent the plug <b>50</b> in this connected configuration, i.e., the prong extends to substantially the conventional extent into the receptacle <b>20</b>. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3B</figref> illustrates in an exaggerated manner the condition of applying axial tension to the cord <b>34</b> of the receptacle <b>20</b>.

A slight retraction motion caused by any tension on the cord <b>34</b> acts on the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> to deflect the deflectable portion <b>60</b> away from the substantially perpendicular position shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref> thereby increasing the angle of grip of the deflectable portion <b>60</b> and subsequent tightening of the offset angle of the deflectable portion <b>60</b> and prong <b>54</b>. The receptacle <b>20</b> and the plug <b>50</b> are then fully locked in this condition. Further application of a withdrawal force tending to remove the plug <b>50</b> from contact with the receptacle <b>26</b> further deflects the deflectable portion <b>60</b> away from the perpendicular arrangement shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref>, which in turn leads to greater application of a clamping force on the prong <b>54</b> as the deflectable portion <b>60</b> deflects with the withdrawal force acting on the plug <b>50</b>.

Upon application of axial compression between the release grip handle <b>30</b> and the plug <b>50</b>, the lock receptacle grip <b>22</b> may move axially with respect to the contact carrier module <b>24</b> such that the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is contacted by an adjacent interior wall of the lock receptacle grip <b>22</b>. As such, the position of the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> is returned to the near-perpendicular position as illustrated in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 3A</figref>, thereby releasing the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> from the prong <b>54</b>. Upon release, the receptacle <b>20</b> is easily separated from the plug <b>50</b>. Because the release grip handle <b>30</b> of the lock release grip <b>22</b> is mounted to slide in telescoping fashion with respect to the contact carrier module <b>24</b> and can be gripped for prong release from the top or sides, the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> can be easily released even in crowded or space limited environments such as in data centers.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 4A-4C</figref> illustrate an alternative embodiment of a spring prong retainer <b>70</b>. This alternative embodiment of a spring prong retainer <b>70</b> may be employed in a similar type locking receptacle as that described above with respect to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-3B</figref>. In this regard, elements which are substantially similar to those described above with respect to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-3B</figref> will be described with the same reference numeral used in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-3B</figref>.

In the embodiment described above and illustrated by <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-3B</figref>, the retention gripping points of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> are along the flat, or semi-flat, surfaces of the narrow axis of the prong corresponding to the upper and lower surfaces of the aperture. That is, the aperture on the deflectable portion <b>60</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> may be rectangular in shape and the top and bottom of the rectangular opening may comprise the contact locations between the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> and the prong <b>54</b>. Forces applied to those contact points are limited to the relationship of the precision of the prong dimensions to the aperture dimensions. As such, dimensional variations in the aperture or prong may reduce the ability of the spring prong retainer to grip the prong.

In the embodiment of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4A</figref>, an aperture <b>74</b> has a rectangular top and a bottom portion that narrows down or tapers. This design of the aperture <b>74</b> allows for contact between the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> and the prong <b>54</b> at a first location <b>76</b>, a second location <b>78</b>, and a third location <b>80</b> (see the exaggerated view in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4A</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4C</figref>) corresponding to locations on the top of the aperture <b>74</b> and on each of the sides at the bottom of the aperture <b>74</b> adjacent to the prong <b>54</b>.

A significant increase in the gripping force is possible due to the amplification of the clamping force not only via the angular displacement of the deflectable portion <b>72</b>, but also due to the wedging effect between the first location <b>76</b> and the second location <b>78</b> at each corner of the lower portion of the aperture <b>74</b>. As a withdrawal force is exerted on the hook tab <b>82</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> where attached to the contact carrier module <b>24</b> (not shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4A</figref>), an initial action occurs as described for the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-3B</figref>. After the initial contact is made at the first location <b>76</b>, second location <b>78</b>, and third location <b>80</b> during the attempt to withdraw the prong <b>54</b>, the forces applied to the prong <b>54</b> are amplified by the inclined planes adjacent to the first location <b>76</b> and second location <b>78</b> at the lower portion of the aperture <b>74</b>. The tension force formed in the early stage of gripping by the axial displacement of the deflectable portion <b>72</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> about the fulcrum point <b>84</b> is amplified greatly to apply a compressive force at the points of contact of the prong <b>54</b> and the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> corresponding to the first location <b>76</b>, the second location <b>78</b>, and the third location <b>80</b>. This force is multiplied by about 10 to 1 due to the tension amplification corresponding to the lever arm created by the deflectable portion <b>72</b> about the fulcrum <b>84</b>. A total force amplification of about 80 times can be achieved by this method. It should be appreciated that by adjusting the angles of the inclined planes adjacent to the first and second locations <b>76</b> and <b>78</b>, and the geometry of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> adjacent to the fulcrum <b>84</b>, various amplifications of force can be achieved. It should also be appreciated that by varying the amplification force, the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> can be tuned to optimally engage with a variety of mating prong materials and finishes.

Due to this amplification, and the relatively small contact area between the prong <b>54</b> and the first and second location <b>76</b> and <b>78</b>, forces at least as high as 30,000 psi (30 Kpsi) in some embodiments are possible, thus ensuring positive gripping of the prong <b>54</b>. It should be appreciated that use of this alternate method of prong capture may also be more tolerant of manufacturing variances in the prong <b>54</b>.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4B</figref> illustrates the release methodology for this alternate spring prong retainer <b>70</b>, which is shown in a cross sectional view of a locking receptacle employing the spring prong retainer <b>70</b>. As force is applied to the deflectable portion <b>72</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> by the lock release grip <b>22</b> (e.g., due to relative axial movement of the contact carrier module <b>24</b> and the lock release grip <b>22</b> when axial compression is applied thereto as described above with respect to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 3A-3B</figref>), the deflectable portion <b>72</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> becomes more perpendicular to the prong <b>54</b>. In turn, the point of contact at the fulcrum point <b>84</b> is disengaged and the prong <b>54</b> would normally be free to be extracted, as described for the spring prong retainer <b>40</b> of previous embodiments. However, at this point the lower contact points adjacent to the first location <b>76</b> and second location <b>78</b> (best illustrated in the exaggerated view of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4A</figref> and <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4C</figref>) may have the prong <b>54</b> captured therebetween. Small deflections of the metal of the prong <b>54</b> may occur adjacent to those locations when a release force is applied due to the wedging effect at the first location <b>76</b> and second location <b>78</b>. Therefore, the prong <b>54</b> may therefore not be fully released when the deflectable portion <b>72</b> is disposed perpendicular to the prong <b>54</b>. However, as the lock release grip <b>22</b> causes the deflectable portion <b>72</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> to deflect toward the substantially perpendicular position relative to the prong <b>54</b>, a molded-in ramp <b>88</b> in the lock release grip <b>22</b> may act to push the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> down, which in turn results in movement of the first and second locations <b>76</b> and <b>78</b> away from the prong <b>54</b> to disengage any portion thereof impinging on the prong <b>54</b>. Eventually, the entire spring prong retainer <b>70</b> is disengaged from the prong <b>54</b> such that the prong <b>54</b> may be removed from the contact carrier module <b>24</b>.

It should be appreciated that the shape of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> (best seen in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 4A</figref>) contributes to the disengagement characteristics as well. The shoulders <b>90</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> are placed such that, upon force being applied to the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> to release as described above, the shoulders <b>70</b> contact the interior surface of the lock grip release <b>22</b>. Continued rotation of the deflectable portion <b>72</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> in a direction toward perpendicular to the prong <b>54</b> results in the entire deflectable portion <b>72</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> to be forced down. This action, in conjunction with the action of the ramp <b>88</b> cast into the lock grip release <b>22</b> results in force on the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> urging the spring prong retainer <b>70</b> to disengage the prong <b>54</b> adjacent to the first location <b>76</b> and the second location <b>78</b>.

Another embodiment of a spring prong retainer <b>100</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 5 and 6</figref>. This dual spring prong retainer <b>100</b> may be used in locking receptacles such as those described above with respect to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-4C</figref>. In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5A</figref>, the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> is disposed in a release position such that a prong <b>54</b> that has been advanced into a receptacle associated with a contact carrier module (not shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 5A and 5B</figref> to preserve clarity) may be withdrawn with respect to the spring prong retainer <b>100</b>. In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5B</figref>, the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> is in a clamping position such that a withdrawal force <b>118</b> imported between the prong <b>54</b> and receptacle (not shown) may be resisted by way of clamping engagement of the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> with respect to the prong <b>54</b>. In this regard, the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> may function in a similar manner as the embodiments of spring prong retainers (e.g., <b>40</b>, <b>70</b>) discussed above in that movement of the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> into a substantially perpendicular relationship with respect to the prong <b>54</b> may allow for the withdrawal of the prong <b>54</b> from the from a contact carrier module (not shown). Accordingly, similar release mechanism as those described above may be used in combination with the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> as well. Also, like in the foregoing embodiments, the spring prong and <b>100</b> may deflect from the substantially perpendicular position with respect to the prong <b>54</b> in order to clamping ring gauge the prong <b>54</b>.

However, the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> may differ from the foregoing embodiments in that the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> may include a first portion <b>102</b> and a second portion <b>104</b>. Each individual one of the first portion <b>102</b> and second portion <b>104</b> may comprise a similar structure as the individual spring prong retainers discussed above. The embodiment of the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> shown includes the first portion <b>102</b> disposed in a stacked arrangement with the second portion <b>104</b>. The first portion <b>102</b> may be bonded to the second portion <b>104</b> along at least a portion of the length of the first and second portions <b>102</b> and <b>104</b>. Alternatively, the first portion <b>102</b> and the second portion <b>104</b> may be constrained so as to maintain the stacked orientation of the portions (e.g., by a contact carrier module, strain relief portion, etc), but not bonded together. The first portion <b>102</b> may include a first aperture <b>110</b> on a first deflectable portion <b>106</b> thereof. The second portion <b>104</b> may include a second aperture <b>112</b> on a second deflectable portion <b>108</b> thereof. The first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> may also be generally disposed in a stacked relationship. The first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> may be disposed for relative movement along their lengths. As such, when in the release position shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5A</figref>, wherein the first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> are arranged substantially perpendicular to the prong <b>54</b>, the first aperture <b>110</b> and the second aperture <b>112</b> may be aligned in the release position. In this regard, the alignment of the first aperture <b>110</b> and second aperture <b>112</b> may allow a prong <b>54</b> to be passed through the aligned apertures <b>110</b> and <b>112</b>. That is, the collective opening presented by the first aperture <b>110</b> and second aperture <b>112</b> may be sized to allow the prong <b>54</b> to pass freely when in the release position shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5A</figref>.

However, upon application of a withdrawal force <b>118</b> on the prong <b>54</b> may result in the first deflectable portion <b>106</b> and the second deflectable portion <b>108</b> being deflected in a direction of the movement of the prong <b>54</b> in a direction corresponding to the application of the withdrawal force <b>118</b>. That is, the first deflectable portion <b>106</b> and the second deflectable portion <b>108</b> may begin to deflect away from the perpendicular arrangement shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5A</figref> such that the first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> deflect toward the position shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 5B</figref>.

The first deflectable portion <b>106</b> may have a first fulcrum point <b>114</b> and the second deflectable portion <b>108</b> may have a second fulcrum point <b>116</b>. The first and second fulcrum points <b>114</b> and <b>116</b> may be offset due to the stacked arrangement of the portions <b>102</b> and <b>104</b>. In this regard, upon deflection of the first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> in direction corresponding to the withdrawal force <b>118</b>, the first deflectable portion <b>106</b> and second deflectable portion <b>108</b> may experience slightly different angles of deflection. As such, upon deflection, the deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> may move with respect to one another along the lengths of the deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b>. A shear force may be generated at the interface of the two deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> as they move relative to one another. The first aperture <b>110</b> and the second aperture <b>112</b> may also become offset as a result of the relative movement of the first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b>. This may result in the constraining of the effective aperture opening size defined by a collective cross section of the first aperture <b>110</b> and the second aperture <b>112</b>. That is, the aperture size presented in cross-section with respect to the prong <b>54</b> may be reduced and the first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> may impart a clamping force onto the prong <b>54</b> by way of the sheer force resultant from the relative movement between the first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b>.

The spring prong retainer <b>100</b> may generate a shear force upon small movements of the prong <b>54</b> in a direction corresponding to the withdrawal force <b>118</b>. Additionally, such an arrangement may be able to impart large clamping forces which may be much higher than the mechanical limits of the cord, plug, and/or receptacle associated with the spring prong retainer <b>100</b>. Additionally, such an arrangement may provide for a greater tolerance for dimensional variances between the prong <b>54</b> and the apertures <b>110</b> and <b>112</b> (i.e., the clamping action of the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> may not rely on close dimensional tolerances between the prong and aperture). Rather, the mechanical griping action (e.g., resulting from the constriction of the effective aperture cross section defined by the first and second apertures <b>110</b> and <b>112</b>) and the resultant clamping force imparted may be amplified by the shear differential of the apertures <b>110</b> and <b>112</b>. In this regard, the application of the clamping force by way of the shear action of the first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> may not require tolerances that are as closely matched between the apertures <b>110</b> and <b>112</b> and the prong <b>54</b> as those of other embodiments of spring prong retainers (e.g., <b>40</b>, <b>70</b>) discussed above. The relative movement of the first deflectable portion <b>106</b> and second deflectable portion <b>108</b> that may result in an offsetting of the first and second apertures <b>110</b> and <b>112</b> may result in an offset coaxial compression at tangent bearing points of the first and second deflectable portions <b>106</b> and <b>108</b> on the prong <b>54</b>. This coaxial compression may be applied at four locations corresponding with the top and bottom surfaces of the first and second apertures <b>110</b> and <b>112</b> respectively.

The embodiment of the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> may be incorporated in a locking receptacle similar to those shown above. That is, the same or similar mechanisms shown in the embodiments above for disposing a deflectable portion of a spring prong retainer in the release position may be employed with the spring prong retainer <b>100</b> depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 5 and 6</figref>.

Various characteristics of the locking electrical receptacle of the present invention can be varied to control the release stress of the locking electrical receptacle. In this regard, the geometry, thickness, material qualities and detail shaping of the gripping component can be used to control the release tension of the locking mechanism. As an example, increasing the thickness and/or stiffness of the material of the gripping component increases the release tension of the locking mechanism.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> depicts another embodiment of a locking receptacle <b>170</b> which features a strain release mechanism for releasing the lock upon prong of the plug when a tension force above a predetermined valve of tension is applied to a connected receptacle and plug. The locking receptacle <b>170</b> may be similar in operation to that described above with respect <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A through 4C</figref> in that a plug may be inserted into the locking receptacle <b>170</b> and may be clampingly engaged by a spring prong retainer <b>172</b>. The spring prong retainer <b>172</b> may be disposed in a clamping position by deflection away from a position substantially perpendicular with respect to an inserted prong that results in the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> being disposed in a clamping position. Additionally, movement of the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> into a substantially perpendicular position with respect to inserted prong results in the spring property in <b>172</b> being positioned in a release position.

As described above, the locking receptacle <b>170</b> may be used to connect a prong <b>198</b> (shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 8A-8D</figref>) of a plug in electrical communication with a receptacle <b>178</b>. A cord <b>174</b> extending from the receptacle <b>170</b> may feature an over molded strain relief portion <b>176</b>. The strain relief portion <b>176</b> may be disposed relative to a telescopic outer grip <b>182</b>. The outer grip <b>182</b> may be moved relative to the strain relief portion <b>176</b> and a contact carrier portion <b>184</b> such a face <b>186</b> of the outer grip portion <b>182</b> may act on a deflectable portion <b>188</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> to dispose the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> in a release position as discussed above.

The strain relief mechanism according to the embodiment shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref> allows for relative axial movement between a first and second portion (e.g., the contact carrier module <b>184</b> and the strain relief portion <b>176</b>). This relative axial movement may be sufficient to facilitate engagement of the deflectable portion <b>188</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> to dispose the deflectable portion <b>188</b> into a release position. The relative axial movement between the portions may be facilitated by an elastic member. The elastic member may exhibit an effective spring rate. That is, for a given force applied to the cord, the two portions may deflect a given distance. As such, the ability to control the tension value at which the deflectable portion <b>188</b> is disposed in a release position may be controlled by varying the geometry, dimensions, or material of the elastic material.

For example, as depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>, the contact carrier portion <b>184</b> may define a number of inclined planes <b>190</b> with correspondingly shaped steps <b>192</b> defined by the strain relief portion <b>176</b>. Upon application of force to the cord <b>174</b>, the strain relief portion <b>176</b> may begin to move with respect to the contact carrier <b>184</b>. That is, the incline planes <b>190</b> may begin ride along the correspondingly shaped steps <b>192</b>, thus allowing for axial relative movement of the strain relief portion <b>176</b> and the contact carrier <b>184</b>. However, the geometry of the inclined planes <b>190</b> and steps <b>192</b> may resist such relative movement and bias the strain relief portion <b>176</b> and the contact carrier <b>184</b> into a contracted relative axial position as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>. Upon application of sufficient force (e.g., above a threshold tension value) to the cord <b>174</b>, the inclined planes <b>190</b> of the contact carrier module <b>184</b> may slide along the correspondingly shaped steps <b>192</b> of the strain relief portion <b>176</b>. This may result in the strain relief portion <b>176</b> adjacent to the steps <b>192</b> being forced away from the portion of the contact carrier <b>184</b> defining the inclined planes <b>190</b> and generally against the outer grip portion <b>182</b>. As such, tabs <b>196</b> defined in the strain relief portion <b>176</b> may engage hooks <b>194</b> on the outer grip portion <b>182</b>. In this regard, the outer grip portion <b>182</b> may also be moved axially relative to the contact carrier module <b>184</b> in a direction corresponding to the force acting on the cord <b>174</b> to withdrawal the prong and receptacle <b>170</b> from engagement.

Because the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> is fixed relative to the contact carrier module <b>184</b> (e.g., attached thereto) in the embodiment depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 7</figref>, the result may be the outer grip portion <b>182</b> being moved relative to the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> as the contact carrier <b>184</b> and strain relief portion <b>176</b> begin to move axially relative to one another. As a result of the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> may be moved into the release position such a prong that is clampingly engaged by the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> is released.

Accordingly, the amount of tension needed to be applied to the cord <b>174</b> in order to move the strain relief portion <b>176</b> sufficiently to engage the spring prong retainer may be controlled by the properties and interaction of the inclined planes <b>190</b> and correspondingly shaped steps <b>192</b>. In this regard, the relative axial movement of the contact carrier module <b>185</b> and strain relief portion <b>176</b> may be influenced by the material type, the geometry of the interface between the contact carrier <b>184</b> and the strain relief portion <b>176</b>, etc.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 8A-8D</figref> show one such sequence wherein tension above a certain threshold is applied to the cord <b>174</b> resulting in release of a prong <b>198</b>. In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8A</figref>, a prong <b>198</b> is clampingly engaged by a spring prong retainer <b>172</b> as the locking receptacle <b>170</b> is advanced onto the prong <b>198</b>. A withdrawal force <b>200</b> may be applied to the cord <b>174</b> as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8B</figref>. As the withdrawal force <b>200</b> grows larger (represented in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 8B-8D</figref> as increasingly larger arrows), the inclined planes <b>190</b> of the contact carrier module <b>184</b> begin to move along the correspondingly shaped steps <b>192</b> of the strain relief portion <b>176</b>. As such, the tabs <b>196</b> of the over molded portion <b>176</b> may engage hooks <b>194</b> of the outer grip portion <b>182</b>. As the contact carrier portion <b>184</b> may be locked in engagement with the prong <b>198</b>, the withdrawal force <b>200</b> applied to the cord <b>174</b> may not result in any movement of the contact carrier portion <b>184</b> with respect to prong <b>198</b>. However, when the tabs <b>196</b> of the over molded portion <b>176</b> contact the hooks <b>194</b> of the outer grip portion <b>182</b>, the outer grip portion <b>182</b> may begin to be withdrawn in the direction of the withdrawal force <b>200</b> as well. In this regard, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 8D</figref>, as the withdrawal force <b>200</b> continues to grow, the face <b>186</b> of the outer portion <b>182</b> may act upon the deflectable portion <b>188</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> to urge the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> into the release position. As such, the prong <b>198</b> may be released by the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> such that the prong <b>198</b> is withdrawn from the contact carrier module <b>184</b>. The action of the inclined planes <b>192</b> and the correspondingly shaped steps <b>192</b> may bias the strain relief portion <b>176</b> and the contact carrier module <b>184</b> into a retracted position with respect to one another. Thus, upon removal of the locking receptacle <b>170</b> from the prong <b>198</b>, the engagement of the inclined planes <b>190</b> with respect to the correspondingly shaped steps <b>192</b> may urge the contact carrier module <b>184</b> and strain relief portion <b>176</b> back into engagement such that the inclined planes <b>190</b> and steps <b>192</b> are again as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 7 and 8A</figref>.

In this regard, the material of the contact carrier module <b>184</b> and/or strain relief portion <b>176</b> may be formed from an elastic material adjacent to the respective portions thereof defining the steps <b>192</b> and inclined planes <b>190</b>. In this regard, relative movement of the contact carrier module <b>184</b> with respect to the strain relief portion <b>176</b> may result in the shape of the inclined planes <b>190</b> and corresponding steps <b>192</b> acting to urge the over molded portion <b>176</b> outwardly. Thus the engagement of the hooks <b>194</b> by the tabs <b>196</b> may be further enhanced by way of the outward pressure resulting from the slipping of the inclined planes <b>190</b> with respect to the steps <b>192</b>.

In one embodiment, the locking receptacle <b>170</b> may be designed such that approximately forty pounds of withdrawal force on the cord <b>174</b> may result in the activation of the release mechanism described above such that the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> is disposed in the release position and the prong <b>198</b> retained by the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> is released.

In <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9A</figref>, another strain release mechanism similar to those shown in FIGS. <b>7</b> and <b>8</b>A-<b>8</b>D is shown that additionally includes a rigid member in the form of a direct pull rod <b>202</b>. As can be appreciated, the direct pull rod <b>202</b> shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9</figref> may be employed in conjunction with the inclined planes <b>190</b> and correspondingly shaped steps <b>192</b> described above. The direct pull rod <b>202</b> may, at a first end thereof, be held rigidly by the strain relief portion <b>176</b>. The other end of the direct pull rod <b>202</b> may engage a portion of the deflectable portion <b>188</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>172</b>. Thus, as the strain relief portion <b>176</b> begins to move axially relative to the contact carrier module <b>184</b> as described above in the sequence of <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 8A-8D</figref>, the direct pull rod <b>202</b> may move along with the strain relief portion <b>176</b>. This may result in the end of the direct pull rod <b>202</b> acting on the deflectable portion <b>188</b> to move the deflectable portion <b>188</b> into the release position. Thus, the direct pull rod <b>202</b> may also act to dispose the deflectable portion <b>188</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> and a release position. Such a direct pull rod <b>202</b> may be used in conjunction with or in lieu of the contact of the inner wall of the outer grip portion <b>182</b> on the deflectable portion <b>188</b>.

Additionally, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9B</figref>, a pull knob <b>204</b> may be provided on the end of the rod <b>202</b> engaged by the over molded portion <b>176</b>. The pull knob <b>204</b> may protrude from the rear of the over molded portion <b>176</b> such that a user may access the pull knob <b>204</b> when the locking receptacle is engaged with a plug. In this regard, in addition to the direct pull rod <b>202</b> being acted on upon withdrawal of the over molded portion <b>176</b> with respect to the contact carrier module <b>184</b>, the pull knob <b>204</b> may allow a user to manually manipulate the direct pull rod <b>202</b> to release a prong from the locking receptacle <b>170</b> by movement of the deflectable portion <b>188</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> into the release position even when tension force above the predetermined value is not applied. Further still, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 9C</figref>, an end of a direct pull rod <b>202</b> may include a pull collar <b>206</b>. The pull collar <b>206</b> may also be directly manipulated by user to release a prong or may be engaged by the strain relief portion <b>176</b> when excessive strain is introduced to retract the direct pull rod <b>202</b> and dispose the deflectable portion <b>188</b> in a release position.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10A</figref> depicts an alternative embodiment of a locking receptacle wherein the interface between the strain relief portion <b>176</b> and the contact carrier module <b>184</b> defines a contact carrier elastomeric portion <b>208</b>. The contact carrier elastomeric portion <b>208</b>, like the correspondingly shaped inclined planes <b>140</b> and steps <b>192</b>, allows for relative axial movement between the contact carrier module <b>184</b> and the strain relief portion <b>176</b> at a given applied tension value. The relative axial movement allows the strain relief portion <b>176</b> to engage the outer grip portion <b>182</b> and/or a direct pull rod <b>202</b> to act upon the deflectable portion <b>188</b> to dispose the spring prong retainer <b>188</b> into the release position as described above.

The contact carrier elastomeric portion <b>208</b> may comprise an interface between the contact carrier <b>184</b> and the strain relief portion <b>176</b>. The contact carrier portion <b>184</b> may include a plurality of wings <b>210</b> extending from the contact carrier portion <b>184</b>. The wings <b>210</b> may engage corresponding grooves <b>212</b> formed or molded in the strain relief portion <b>176</b>. The wings <b>210</b> and/or groves <b>212</b> may be made of elastomeric material which allows for selective slipping between the contact carrier portion <b>184</b> and the strain relief portion <b>176</b> when an axial strain is applied to the locking receptacle. As in the previously discussed embodiments, the size, shape, material, etc of the wings <b>210</b> and grooves <b>212</b> may be adjusted or modified to produce different amounts of relative movement between the contact carrier portion <b>184</b> and the strain relief portion <b>176</b> upon application of different amounts of axial strain with respect to the plug to the locking receptacle.

As depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 10A-10C</figref>, the embodiment of a locking receptacle employing a contact carrier elastomeric portion <b>208</b> may also include a direct pull rod <b>202</b>. The direct pull rod, as described above, may be equipped with a pull knob <b>204</b> (shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10B</figref>) or a pull collar <b>206</b> (shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 10C</figref>) similar to those described above.

In this regard, it will become apparent that any structure that allows controlled relative movement between the contact carrier <b>184</b> and strain relief portion <b>176</b> may be employed in a strain relief mechanism as described above. That is, any structure that allows for selective elastic movement of the strain relief portion <b>176</b> with respect to the contact carrier <b>184</b> may be employed. Such an elastic structure may exhibit a certain amount of resistance on the relative movement and move a predetermined distance once a predetermined force has been applied thereto (e.g., exhibit an effective spring rate) and bias the strain relief portion <b>176</b> and the contact carrier <b>184</b> in a retracted relative position. The resistance may be designed to program the tension at which the prong is released. A number of embodiments of alternative structures that may be used in this regard are presented below.

For instance, in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11A</figref> a coil spring <b>214</b> may be provided between the contact carrier module <b>184</b> and the strain relief portion <b>176</b>. The coil spring <b>214</b> may allow for movement of the strain relief portion <b>176</b> with respect to the contact carrier module <b>184</b> upon application of the predetermined amount of withdrawal force. In this regard, the embodiment depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11A</figref> may act in a manner as described to dispose the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> in a release position. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 11B</figref> depicts another embodiment wherein a direct pull rod <b>202</b> may also employed as described above.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12A</figref> shows yet another embodiment where one or more leaf springs <b>216</b> are provided that allows for relative movement of the strain relief portion <b>176</b> with respect to the contact carrier module <b>184</b>. As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12B</figref>, the embodiment shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12A</figref> may also be used with a direct pull rod <b>202</b>. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12C</figref> depicts the use of a pneumatic spring <b>218</b> which allows for relative movement of the strain relief portion <b>176</b> with respect to the contact carrier module <b>184</b>. The pneumatic spring <b>218</b> may be a compressed by cord tension that exerts a force sufficient to partially collapse the pneumatic spring <b>218</b>. Thus, the pneumatic spring <b>218</b> may collapse or otherwise be deflected at a predetermined level of force which allows for the relative movement of the strain relief portion <b>176</b> and the contact carrier module <b>182</b>. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12D</figref> depicts an embodiment according to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 12C</figref> that also employs a direct pull rod <b>202</b> to also engage the spring prong retainer <b>172</b> into a release position.

The geometry of spring prong retainers may also be varied to provide improved safety and performance. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 13</figref> shows on example in this regard. The illustrated spring prong retainer <b>1200</b>, which may be incorporated into, for example, the embodiments described above, includes a narrowed neck portion on <b>1202</b> between the flex point <b>1204</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>1200</b> and the prong engagement aperture <b>1206</b>. This neck portion <b>1202</b> may provide a number of desirable functions. For example, the neck portion <b>1202</b> maybe positioned to provide greater clearance between the spring prong retainer <b>1200</b> and the other prongs of plug. In addition, the narrow portion <b>1202</b> may be designed to provide a defined breakpoint in the case of structural failure. That is, in the event breakage occurs due to stress or material fatigue, the neck portion <b>1202</b> provides a safe failure point that will not result in electrical hazards or failure of the electrical connection.

It can be appreciated that all of the retention mechanisms described herein that can have their release tension changed by varying their design parameters, can have a release tension that is coordinated with the receptacle design or a standard or specification so as to ensure that the cord cap or receptacle will not break resulting in a potentially hazardous exposure of wires. Thus, for example, it may be desired to provide a release stress of forty pounds based on an analysis of an end cap or receptacle structure, a regulatory requirement, or a design specification. The locking mechanism may be implemented by a way of a spring prong retainer as shown, for example, in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-2B</figref>, <b>10</b>A-<b>10</b>B and <b>11</b>A-<b>11</b>B. Then, the material and thickness of the spring prong retainer as well as the specific geometry of the spring prong retainer or elastic member may be selected so as to provide a release stress of forty pounds of force. The values of these various design parameters may be determined theoretically or empirically to provide the desired release point.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> depicts another embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle <b>200</b>. The receptacle <b>200</b>, like those described above, may include a spring prong retainer <b>202</b> positioned relative to a contact carrier module <b>204</b>. The contact carrier module <b>204</b> may include a number of receptacles <b>210</b> for receiving prongs to establish electrical communication between the prong and a receptacle <b>210</b>. The spring prong retainer <b>202</b> may include an aperture <b>212</b> through which a prong (not shown) may pass when the spring prong retainer is in a substantially perpendicular orientation with respect to the prong. In this regard, when he prong is urged in a direction associated withdrawal of the prong from the receptacle <b>210</b>, the clamping portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> may deflect away from a substantially perpendicular position with respect to link the prong such that the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> prevents the prong from being withdrawn. In this regard, the clamping portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> may have a clamping position and a release position.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref> depicts an embodiment of a locking electrical receptacle <b>200</b> including a release mechanism that may be used to urge the clamping portion <b>214</b> into the release position such that a prong may be withdrawn from the receptacle <b>210</b> free from a clamping action of the clamping portion <b>214</b>. This embodiment of a release mechanism for urging the clamping portion <b>214</b> described below may be used alone or in conjunction with the telescoping lock release grip <b>22</b> described above with respect to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 2A-2B</figref>. The release mechanism, or at least a portion thereof, generally extends in a direction corresponding to the insertion of a plug into the receptacles <b>210</b>. That is, the release mechanism extends away from an interface of the plug and receptacle <b>210</b>. This may help to enable access by a user to the release mechanism when the receptacle <b>210</b> is engaged with a plug.

In this regard, a rod <b>216</b> may be provided. As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 16</figref>, the rod <b>216</b> is shown in an exploded position relative to the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> and the contact carrier module <b>204</b>. The rod <b>216</b> may include a rod shaft <b>218</b> and a rod head <b>220</b>. The rod head <b>220</b> may have a cross-section generally larger than that of the rod shaft <b>218</b>. As such, the rod shaft <b>218</b> may be passed through a through hole <b>222</b>, notch, or other type of relief on the clamping portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b>. The rod shaft <b>218</b> may also extend through a passage <b>224</b> such that the rod head <b>220</b> may contact the clamping portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> adjacent to the through hole <b>222</b> such that the rod shaft <b>218</b> generally extends away from the intersection of the receptacle <b>200</b> and a plug. As depicted, the passageway <b>224</b> is a channel defined in the contact carrier module <b>204</b>. Alternative embodiments may include a through hole passage, notch, or other type of relief in the contact carrier module <b>204</b> which allows the rod shaft <b>218</b> to extend away from the interface of the receptacle and plug.

<figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15A</figref> depicts a side view of the embodiment shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 14</figref>. As can be appreciated, the rod shaft <b>218</b> extends through the passage <b>224</b> toward the rear portion of the locking receptacle. The rod shaft <b>218</b> may extend fully through the contact carrier module <b>204</b> such that the rod end <b>226</b> protrudes from the distal end of the contact carrier module <b>204</b> and strain relief portion disposed about the cord. As shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15A</figref>, the clamping portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> is in the clamping position such that a prong disposed through the aperture <b>212</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b>, upon application of the withdrawn force, would cause the clamping portion <b>214</b> to deflect away from perpendicular with respect to a front face <b>228</b> of the contact carrier module <b>204</b>. As such, a clamping force may be imparted on the prong upon application of the withdrawal force.

In contrast, <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 15B</figref> depicts the clamping portion <b>214</b> in a release position generally perpendicular to the front face <b>228</b> of the contact carrier module <b>204</b>. The rod <b>216</b> be retracted relative to the contact carrier module <b>204</b> such that the rod head <b>220</b> acts on the clamping portion <b>214</b> to urge the clamping portion <b>214</b> into the release position as shown.

Various embodiments may be provided that function in a similar respect in that a rod end <b>220</b> is withdrawn with respect to a deflectable portion <b>214</b> of a spring prong retainer <b>202</b> to dispose the deflectable portion <b>214</b> in the release position. For instance, shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 16A</figref>, the rod <b>216</b> may be fitted with a pull knob <b>230</b>. The pull knob <b>230</b> may be contoured such that a user may grasp of the pull knob <b>230</b> in order to retract the direct pull rod <b>216</b> with respect the passage <b>224</b> and contact carrier module <b>204</b> in order to dispose the clamping portion <b>214</b> in a release position. Alternatively, as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 16B</figref>, the rod <b>216</b> may be operatively affixed to a pull collar <b>234</b>. The pull collar <b>234</b> may substantially surround a portion of the strain relief portion <b>232</b>. The strain relief portion <b>232</b> may include a stop <b>236</b>. As such, the user may grasp the pull collar <b>234</b> and withdraw the collar <b>234</b> with respect to the strain relief portion <b>232</b>. In turn, the rod head <b>220</b> acts on the clamping portion <b>214</b> to dispose in portion <b>214</b> in the release position as described above.

In yet another embodiment depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 17A</figref>, the rod shaft <b>218</b> may include a threaded rod shaft portion <b>240</b> which engages a threaded passage portion <b>242</b>. The rod <b>216</b> may comprise a tooled end <b>238</b> (e.g., including a tooled surface corresponding to a Phillips screwdriver, flat head screw driver, hex wrench, Torx™ wrench, etc.). In this regard, the tooled end <b>238</b> they be engaged by tool (e.g., a hex wrench, a Torx™ wrench, a screwdriver, or other appropriate tool) such that the rod <b>216</b> may be rotated with respect to the passage <b>224</b>. In this regard, the corresponding threaded rod portion <b>240</b> may engage the threaded passage portion <b>242</b> to advance or retract the rod <b>216</b> with respect to the contact carrier module <b>204</b>. Alternatively, shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 17B</figref>. a knurled knob <b>244</b> may be provided on the rod <b>216</b> such that a user may turn the knurled knob <b>244</b> to rotate the rod <b>216</b> to engage the threaded rod shaft portion <b>240</b> and the threaded passage portion <b>242</b> in order to advance or retract the rod <b>216</b> with expects to the carrier module <b>204</b>.

Some embodiments disclosed herein may rely on an internal spring force of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> in order to return the clamping portion <b>214</b> thereof to position wherein the clamping portion <b>214</b> is in the clamping position. The embodiments depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 17A and 17B</figref> that have a correspondingly threaded rod portion <b>240</b> and passage portion <b>242</b> may allow the rod <b>216</b> to remain in the release position once so disposed. That is, the position of the rod <b>216</b> and in turn the clamping portion <b>214</b> may be passively maintained in one of the clamping position or the release position. This may be useful in instances where the locking of the locking electrical receptacle <b>200</b> function would be advantageously disabled.

Another embodiment of a release mechanism for use with a locking receptacle is shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 18</figref>. A release arm <b>300</b> may be provided that includes a contact end <b>302</b> and a tactile interface <b>304</b> at an opposing end. The contact end <b>302</b> may be in contact with the deflectable portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b>. The tactile interface <b>304</b> may be disposed adjacent to the rear of the locking receptacle and protrude from the locking receptacle such the user may grasp or otherwise gain purchase on the tactile interface <b>304</b> when the receptacle is engaged with a prong. In this regard, the user may be able to withdraw the release arm <b>300</b> with respect to the deflectable portion <b>214</b> such that the contact end <b>302</b> urges the deflectable portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> into a release position as described above.

With continued reference to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 19A and 19B</figref>, the release arm <b>300</b> may be disposed in a passage <b>224</b> defined in the contact carrier and/or strain relief portion such the tactile interface <b>304</b> is disposed at the rear of the locking receptacle to be accessed by a user when the receptacle is engaged with a plug. As can be appreciated, the contact end <b>302</b>, upon the withdrawal of the release arm <b>300</b> acts on the deflectable portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> to urge the deflectable portion <b>214</b> into the release position. The embodiment depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 19A</figref> may include a tactile interface that includes a pull ring <b>306</b> which is disposed substantially surrounding the over mode portion and cord. <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 19B</figref>, in contrast, depicts an alternative embodiment where a tab <b>308</b> is provided as a tactile interface and is also adapted to be manipulatable by a user to withdraw the release arm.

Embodiments discussed above generally include withdrawal of an element away from the interface of the receptacle and plug to directly engage the deflectable portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> into release position. In certain embodiments, it may be useful to provide a release mechanism including a user actuation mechanism that is advanced toward the interface of the receptacle and plug rather than retracted from the interface. Depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 20 and 21</figref> is another embodiment of a release mechanism that employs a pushrod <b>310</b> which is advanceable toward the interface of the plug and receptacle in order to release a prong from the receptacle. The pushrod <b>310</b> may be in operative communication with a crank <b>312</b>. The crank <b>312</b> may pivot about a pivot <b>314</b>. Upon advancement of the pushrod <b>310</b>, the crank <b>312</b> may pivot such that the lower portion <b>350</b> of the crank <b>312</b> is withdrawn with respect to the interface between the receptacle and a plug. The lower portion <b>350</b> of the crank <b>312</b> may be in contact with a shuttle <b>316</b>. When the lower portion of the crank <b>312</b> is withdrawn, the crank <b>312</b> may correspondingly withdraw the shuttle <b>316</b>. A contact end <b>318</b> of the shuttle <b>316</b> is withdrawn so as to urge the deflectable portion <b>214</b> of the spring prong retainer <b>202</b> into release position. In turn, a prong may be released by the locking receptacle upon advancement of the pushrod <b>310</b> in a direction toward the interface of the receptacle and plug.

Another embodiment of a mechanism that may be employed for acting on either a push or pull rod as depicted in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 22</figref>. This embodiment includes a swash plate <b>520</b> which is used to act upon a push or pull rod to dispose the deflectable portion in a release or clamping position according to any of the embodiments described above. The swash plate <b>320</b> generally comprise an annular ring <b>322</b> disposed about the strain relief portion. The swash plate <b>320</b> may include a ramp <b>324</b>. A rod end may be biased against the ramp <b>324</b> by way of the biasing force imposed on the rod by a deflectable portion of a spring prong retainer. Upon rotation of the swash plate <b>320</b>, the ramp <b>324</b> may be advanced or retracted to activate the push or pull rod. A coordinating ramp <b>326</b> may be provided that captures and end plate <b>328</b> on the rod end. As such, in addition to the biasing force acting to maintain contact between the ramp <b>324</b> and the rod, the plate <b>328</b> may be captured by a slot <b>330</b> defined by the coordinating ramps <b>324</b> and <b>326</b>. As such, upon rotation of the swash plate <b>320</b>, the rod may be advanced or retracted. As such, embodiments of the swash plate <b>320</b> may be used in the foregoing embodiments to urge a deflectable portion of a spring prong retainer into a release position to release a prong. A swash plate such as the one described herein may also be used in conjunction with a release arm wherein the tactile interface is engaged by at least one ramp of a swash plate to advance and/or retract the release arm.

Further still, a lever actuator <b>400</b> as shown in <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIG. 23</figref> may be provided to engage a rod end <b>202</b> to act on a rod <b>216</b>. In this regard, the lever actuator <b>400</b> may move about a pivot <b>450</b>. The lever actuator <b>400</b> may include an engagement portion <b>420</b> and an actuation portion <b>410</b>. Upon movement of the actuation portion <b>410</b> by a user may result in the lever actuator <b>400</b> rotating about the pivot <b>450</b> such that the engagement portion <b>420</b> engages the rod end <b>226</b>. As shown, the actuation portion <b>410</b> may engage the rod end <b>226</b> to retract the rod <b>216</b> relative to the interface between the plug and receptacle. However, a lever actuator <b>400</b> could also be provided that facilitates advancement of a release mechanism (e.g., such as the one depicted and described with respect to <figref idref="DRAWINGS">FIGS. 20 and 21</figref>) toward an interface of a plug and receptacle.

The foregoing description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Consequently, variations and modifications commensurate with the above teachings, and skill and knowledge of the relevant art, are within the scope of the present invention. The embodiments described hereinabove are further intended to explain best modes known of practicing the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention in such, or other embodiments and with various modifications required by the particular application(s) or use(s) of the present invention. It is intended that the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments to the extent permitted by the prior art.